Across
- 3. One-tenth of annual produce or earnings paid to the church.
- 5. 1215 document limiting the power of the English king.
- 8. Official exclusion from participation in church sacraments.
- 10. 732 battle halting Muslim expansion into Europe.
- 13. Devastating plague that killed millions in Europe.
- 16. King who united much of Western Europe.
- 17. First king of the Franks to unite all Frankish tribes.
- 21. Medieval group that controlled parts of the Middle East.
- 22. ____________ Reformation 16th-century movement against Catholic Church practices.
Down
- 1. Medieval competitions for knights to showcase skills.
- 2. Written grant outlining rights and privileges of a town.
- 4. Renaissance movement emphasizing human potential and achievements.
- 6. Code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery and honor.
- 7. contrary to established religious doctrine.
- 9. Self-sufficient estate of a lord in feudalism.
- 11. Social system based on land ownership and service.
- 12. Body of laws governing the Christian church.
- 14. Mounted warrior serving a lord in feudalism.
- 15. Person granted land in exchange for service.
- 18. Association of craftsmen or merchants for mutual benefit.
- 19. Noble who grants land to vassals.
- 20. Land granted to a vassal by a lord.