Across
- 3. the unit that is often used to report air pressure
- 6. the energy-requiring process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor
- 9. the movement of one material through another from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- 11. the point on a phase diagram representing the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of a substance (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist
- 12. a compound, such as soap, that lowers the surface tension of water by disrupting hydrogen bonds between water molecules; also called a surface active agent
- 15. the amount of force per unit area applied to an object's surface
- 16. describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion; makes several assumptions about size, motion, and energy of gas particles
- 17. instrument used to measure air pressure
- 19. a graph of pressure versus temperature that shows which phase a substance exists in under different conditions of temperature and pressure
- 20. a strong dipole-dipole attraction between molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom
- 24. the weak forces resulting from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds
- 25. the smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice that has the same symmetry as the whole crystal; a small representative part of a larger whole
- 27. one of two or more forms of an element with different structures and properties when they are in the same state— solid, liquid, or gas
- 29. the temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid
Down
- 1. the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure is equal to the external or atmospheric pressure
- 2. the energy-releasing process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without first becoming a liquid
- 4. a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
- 5. the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid
- 7. the SI unit of pressure; one pascal (Pa) is equal to a force of one newton per square meter
- 8. a solid in which particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern that often is formed when molten material cools too quickly to form crystals
- 10. the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount; results from an uneven distribution of attractive forces
- 13. states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
- 14. states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture
- 18. collision in which no kinetic energy is lost; kinetic energy can be transferred between the colliding particles, but the total kinetic energy of the two particles remains the same
- 21. the process in which vaporization occurs only at the surface of a liquid
- 22. a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow, which is affected by the size and shape of particles, and generally increases as the temperature decreases and as intermolecular forces increase
- 23. for a crystalline solid, the temperature at which the forces holding a crystal lattice together are broken and it becomes a liquid
- 24. the attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
- 26. a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, three-dimensional structure
- 28. the energy-releasing process by which a gas or vapor becomes a liquid