Across
- 2. For 10 billion years, a star with a mass similar to our sun will fuse hydrogen into _____. (page 653)
- 5. Light, generally seen in the polar regions, forms when gases in the Earth’s atmosphere interact with high-energy particles from the Sun. (page 637).
- 9. Governs nearly all of a star’s properties, including temperature, luminosity, and diameter. (page 652)
- 14. Areas of low density in the gas of the corona and are the main regions from which the particles that comprise the solar wind escape. (two words – page 638)
- 16. The visible surface of the Sun where most of the visible light emitted by the Sun comes from. (page 636)
- 18. A predictable change in the number of sunspots that goes from a minimum to maximum to minimum again in about 11 years. (two words – page 638)
- 19. An arc of gas that is ejected from the chromosphere or is gas that condenses in the inner corona and rains down back to the surface. (page 638)
- 21. The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere that extends several million kilometers outside the edge of the chromosphere and has temperatures about 3-5 million K. (page 636)
- 22. Most common element found in the Sun. (page 641)
- 23. Portion of the H-R diagram that contains about 90% of all stars, which are fusing hydrogen in their cores. (two words – page 651)
- 24. The outer portion of a star is blown off in a massive explosion. (page 657)
- 25. A measure of a star’s energy output. (page 647)
- 26. Dark spots on the surface of the Sun are caused when the Sun’s magnetic field periodically disturbs the solar atmosphere. (page 637)
- 27. When the hydrogen in the core is gone, the outer layers of the star expand and cool to become a _____. (two words – page 654)
Down
- 1. A small, hot object about the size of Earth at the center of a planetary nebula (two words – page 654)
- 3. Charged particles that flow outward through the entire solar system and bathe each planet in a flood of particles. (two words – page 637)
- 4. A huge discharge of highly charged particles from the corona that can create a geomagnetic storm if it gets caught up in Earth’s magnetic field. (three words – page 638)
- 6. When energy production ends, the outer layers expand again and are expelled as a shell of gas called a _____. (two words – page 654)
- 7. The combination of lightweight, atomic nuclei into heavier nuclei. (page 639)
- 8. Violent eruptions of particles and radiation from the Sun’s surface and are associated with sunspots. (two words – page 638)
- 10. Layer of the Sun’s atmosphere that is above the photosphere, which is approximately 2,500 km thick and 15,000 K. (page 636)
- 11. A hot, condensed object at the center of a collapsing nebula that will eventually become a star. (page 653)
- 12. Small extremely dense object that remains after a supernova that has gravity so immense that nothing, not even light, can escape it. (two words - page 657)
- 13. The type of matter that makes up the Sun. (page 635)
- 14. Location where energy is produced in the Sun. (page 639).
- 15. A star becomes stable when it has sufficient internal heat to produce the _____ needed to balance _____. (two words – page 653)
- 17. Part of Earth that deflects charged particles from the Sun. (two words – page 637)
- 20. A cloud of interstellar gas and dust where all stars begin. (page 653)