Across
- 4. On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
- 6. A protein that blocks the transcription of a gene or operon
- 7. A protein that switches on a gene or group of genes
- 8. A unit of genetic regulation common in prokaryotes; a cluster of genes with related functions, along with the promoter and operator that control their transcription
- 9. In the eukaryotic cell, a protein that functions in initiating or regulating transcription by binding to DNA or to other proteins that bind to DNA
- 13. mRNA processing occurs in the _________
- 14. The two strands of the DNA double helix run in opposite directions; they are ________
- 16. Before ________ can occur, the mRNA must leave the nucleus and bind with a ribosome
- 17. This suffix is commonly found in the names of enzymes
- 18. An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template
- 20. An operon with an operator that is always on (transcription occurring) unless a signal turns it off; Example: tryptophan operon
- 21. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNA polymerase and the pace where transcription begins
- 22. Polymerases can only add nucleotides to the ___________ end of the DNA or RNA strand being synthesized.
- 23. The monomer used to build RNA and/or DNA
- 27. A eukaryotic DNA sequence that functions to inhibit the start of gene transcription; may act analogously to an enhancer by binding a repressor.
- 28. The _________ strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork
Down
- 1. The monomer used to build proteins
- 2. The process whereby genetic information flows from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype
- 3. The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein
- 5. A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particuar amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code
- 10. A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
- 11. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
- 12. A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecuar units, called monomers, covalently joined together in a chain
- 15. A eukaryotic DNA sequence that helps stimulate the transcription of a gene at some distance from it, functioning by means of a transcription factor called an activator, which binds to it and then to the rest of the transcription apparatus.
- 19. In place of thymine, RNA uses this base
- 24. The _________ strand is synthesized in segments away from the replication fork
- 25. An operon that produces proteins only under specific conditions; Example: lactose operon
- 26. Enzymes belong to this class of macromolecules