Across
- 4. element, Natural elements of which the body needs more amount and are more important than any other minerals.
- 5. Energy (ME), The energy available to the animal from food after losses in feces, urine, and gases are subtracted.
- 9. Metabolic Rate (resting metabolic rate), the amount of energy a non-productive animal requires to live (does not gain or lose liveweight)
- 10. (kcal), A unit of energy. In nutrition, it refers to the amount of energy a food provides.
- 14. Fed Basis, Nutrient levels based on the food's natural state, including moisture.
- 18. Vitamins, B-complex and C – not stored, need regular replenishment.
- 21. interrelationships among mineral elements as revealed by physiological or biochemical consequences. There are two major classes of interactions, positive or synergistic, and negative or antagonistic.
- 22. Index, A measure of how quickly a food causes blood sugar to rise.
- 24. Metabolic Rate, energy expenditure for basic life processes (circulation, respiration, thermoregulation, urine production), tends to be predominantly used for Human
- 25. Fatty Acids (EFAs): Fats that animals cannot synthesize (e.g., linoleic acid for dogs and cats, arachidonic acid for cats).
- 28. Organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an essential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
- 30. A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life (e.g., proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water).
- 32. Vitamins, Vitamins A, D, E, and K – stored in fat tissues.
- 33. Nutrients required in large amounts (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and water).
- 34. Rate, expenditure of energy per given time
- 35. Protein, An estimate of the total protein content in food, measured based on nitrogen content.
- 36. How acceptable or tasty a food is to the animal.
- 38. Energy: Energy available after subtracting losses from digestion and metabolism (used for maintenance, growth, reproduction, etc.).
- 41. Energy (GE), Total energy content of a food.
- 43. includes sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) which are cations; and two chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P) which are accompanying anions.
- 44. needed in smaller amounts (vitamins and minerals).
- 48. and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Types of EFAs with anti-inflammatory (omega-3) and pro-inflammatory (omega-6) roles.
- 49. The percentage of a nutrient that is absorbed in the digestive tract and used by the body.
Down
- 1. A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance.
- 2. element, minerals present in living tissues in small amounts
- 3. Rate includes energy required to hunt, graze, socially interact, reproduce (average metabolic rate of animal)
- 6. Energy Requirement (MER), The amount of energy required to maintain an animal in a non-reproductive, non-growing, non-working state.
- 7. Fiber, Fiber that adds bulk to stool and promotes bowel health.
- 8. Diet, A specially formulated diet intended for managing specific health conditions (e.g., renal disease, diabetes).
- 11. not obtaining correct amounts off each mineral, too much of one too little of another
- 12. Energy Requirement (RER), The amount of energy an animal needs to maintain basic body functions while at rest in a thermoneutral environment.
- 13. (kcal/day)=70×(Body weight in kg)0.75
- 15. Condition Score (BCS), A visual assessment of an animal's fat stores, typically scored on a 5 or 9-point scale.
- 16. Condition Score (MCS), An assessment of muscle mass, independent of fat stores.
- 17. eating disorder that involves eating items that are not typically thought of as food and do not contain significant nutritional value, such as hair, dirt, and paint chips
- 19. much
- 20. Nutrient. A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body in adequate amounts and must be obtained from the diet.
- 23. metabolic rate metabolic intensity = metabolic rate / kg body mass
- 26. Amino Acid: The essential amino acid in shortest supply in a diet relative to the animal’s needs.
- 27. Metabolic Rate ‘animal’ version of BMR generally higher than BMR as movement occurs
- 29. body doesn't obtain or absorb the required amount of a mineral
- 31. condition during which the concentration within the body of anybody of the minerals necessary for all times is abnormally high, and which has an adverse effect on health.
- 32. Trial, A method of assessing a food's effectiveness by feeding it as the sole source of nutrition over a period of time.
- 37. mutual inhibition of absorption from the intestinal tract
- 39. nutrient class of nutrients that are vital for maintaining the body's health
- 40. Value (BV), A measure of the proportion of absorbed protein that is retained in the body for growth or maintenance.
- 42. Matter Basis (DMB), Nutrient composition of food with moisture removed; used for comparing nutrient levels between wet and dry foods.
- 43. be at ‘rest’ (not moving), digestion of last meal completed, in thermoneutral environment
- 45. and Balanced Diet, A diet that provides all essential nutrients in the correct proportions and amounts for a specific life stage or condition.
- 46. essential, A nutrient in which an organism is capable of producing it in sufficient amount
- 47. Fiber, Fiber that dissolves in water and can help regulate blood sugar and lower cholesterol.