Across
- 1. Deals with transmission of raw bits over a physical medium like cables and signals
- 3. Responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets
- 6. Ensures reliable or unreliable delivery using protocols like TCP or UDP
- 7. Handles logical addressing and routing of data packets between networks
- 8. Provides services such as email, file transfer, and web browsing
- 9. Provides end-to-end communication, reliability, and flow control
- 10. Translates, encrypts, and compresses data for the application layer
Down
- 2. Manages sessions and controls connections between applications
- 4. Defines how data is physically sent through the network
- 5. Responsible for node-to-node delivery, framing, and error detection
- 8. Provides network services directly to end-user applications