Across
- 3. innate immunity that includes the first layers of protection against pathogens. Includes skin, nasal mucosa, cilia, etc.
- 4. A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that stimulates macrophages and activates B-cells.
- 6. The first cells that arrive at the site of infection. Includes macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
- 9. Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins.
- 11. A disorder of structure or function in an organism that results in specific signs or symptoms, may affect a specific location in the organism, and is not a direct result of physical injury.
- 16. Anything that stimulates an immune response.
- 18. a person that is vulnerable to infection
- 19. The establishment of a disease-causing microorganism within a host.
- 21. the sequence of events that follow the agent of disease.
- 23. Any eukaryotic protist of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa.
- 25. A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that destroys the pathogen and surrounding tissues.
- 26. An infection acquired in a hospital; also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI.
- 28. An organism in which another organism lives.
- 30. Any of a large group of nonliving, submicroscopic infective agents that typically comprise an RNA or DNA core of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
- 32. A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies.
- 33. Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll, such as molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts.
- 36. Non-specific immune defense mechanisms that we are born with. These mechanisms work to keep anything outside of us from coming in.
- 38. organisms that cause disease.
- 39. habitat where the agent is living, growing, and can spread to others.
- 41. Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host inhales infected particles, touches an infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect.
Down
- 1. A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that ingests the pathogen and presents the pathogens parts on its surface. Stimulates T cells.
- 2. The last line of defense. Includes T-cells, B-cells, and antibodies.
- 5. Specific immune defense mechanisms. This form of immunity is acquired over a lifetime and uses antibodies to respond to specific antigens. Can be passive or active.
- 7. A single-celled, prokaryotic microorganism.
- 8. An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.
- 10. A large, eukaryotic, multicellular, parasitic worm, such as a tapeworm, liver fluke, ascarid, or leech.
- 12. diseases that are contracted or caught.
- 13. A substance used to stimulate an immune response with the goal of creating antibodies and providing immunity to specific infections.
- 14. The number of organisms it takes to cause illness following exposure
- 15. A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, causes, and control of health problems in a population.
- 17. the cause of a disease or condition.
- 20. A disease-causing organism.
- 22. flora The bacteria that live in us and on us is known as our....
- 24. Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host touches an infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids.
- 27. A protein produced by B cells in the blood; works to impair pathogens. Also called an immunoglobulin.
- 29. A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.
- 31. The ability to defend against a pathogen by preventing its entry and/or development or by neutralizing its pathogenic cellular products.
- 34. A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that eats the pathogen.
- 35. larger agents visible to the naked eye
- 37. tiny agents, called microbes, visible only with a powerful microscope
- 40. A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area.