Across
- 2. Microscopic, one celled photosynthetic plankton characterized by the rigid call wall made of silica.
- 4. Theorized upper layer of the mantle characterized by hot solid material that flows slowly over time, much like old glass.
- 6. The upper most, rigid part of the upper mantle and the crust; cool solid rock portion of the outer earth>
- 8. The balance between the weight of the crust and the force of buoyancy provided by the mantle.
- 12. The process by which polar ice floats to sea carrying sediments that sink when ice melts.
- 14. Ooze composed primarily of planktonic organisms that have silica skeletons.
- 17. Ooze composed primarily of planktonic organisms that have calcium carbonate skeletons or shells.
- 18. CCD; the depth at which calcium carbonate dissolves as fast as it accumulates, generally considered to be about 4,500 meters (14,760 feet).
- 20. Boundary in the theory of plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are coming together; also called a colliding boundary.
- 22. Also known as lithogenous sediments; originates on land, primarily through erosion carrying particles into the sea.
- 23. Tiny amoeba-like marine animals whose complex skeletons are made of silica and contribute to siliceous ooze.
- 24. Boundary in the theory or plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are spreading apart; also called a spreading boundary.
- 25. Sediment that originates from chemical reactions in seawater.
Down
- 1. In the theory of plate tectonics, the boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other.
- 3. Underwater avalanches of thick, muddy sediments accumulated on the continental shelf that speed down the continental slope into deep water.
- 5. Waves that travel through the Earth that result from movement of the plates; also known as earthquake waves.
- 7. Sediment that originates from life, consisting of primarily shells and hard skeleton.
- 9. The region of the Earth’s interior that exists between the crust and the core.
- 10. Sediment deposits created by turbidity currents; they consist of layers of lithogenous sand embedded with fine deep-sea sediments.
- 11. The theory that the continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart and are still moving.
- 13. Irregular lumps of iron and manganese with small amounts of cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum and zinc found on some deep ocean bottoms.
- 14. The theory that the seafloor forms in and spreads from rift valleys in the mid-ocea ridges, eventually pushing underground trenches.
- 15. Instrument that measures the polar orientation and intensity of magnetism of minerals.
- 16. The theorized single continent in the distant past before the continents broke apart and drifted away from each other.
- 19. The theory states that the continents float on the Earth’s molten interior, gradually moving over millions of years.
- 21. Layer of atmosphere from 50,000 to 90,000 meters (31 to 56 miles) above sea level.