Across
- 5. When allele/genotype frequencies remain constant across generations under HW assumptions.
- 7. Proportion of heterozygotes carrying a recessive disease allele.
- 8. Model used as a “no evolution” baseline to compare real genotype data against.
- 12. How evenly individuals are distributed across species.
- 13. Genetic drift when a new population is started by a small number of individuals.
- 16. Genetic drift after a sharp population crash reduces variation.
- 17. Non-random survival/reproduction that increases fitness-associated alleles.
- 19. Random allele-frequency change, strongest in small populations.
- 20. Variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels; linked to resilience.
- 21. Observable trait produced by genotype interacting with environment.
- 22. Study of how allele frequencies change over time within populations (useful for disease risk patterns).
- 23. Process converting light energy to chemical energy at the base of most food webs.
Down
- 1. Number of different species in a community.
- 2. Movement of individuals between populations that changes allele frequencies.
- 3. Test comparing observed vs expected genotype counts to assess HW fit.
- 4. Diversity metric combining richness and abundance/evenness.
- 6. Evolutionary change measured as shifting allele frequencies across generations.
- 9. Proportion of a specific allele in the population; for a locus, totals sum to 1.
- 10. All alleles of all genes present in a population.
- 11. When Aa has higher fitness than AA or aa; helps maintain harmful alleles (e.g., sickle cell vs malaria).
- 14. Proportion of each genotype (e.g., AA, Aa, aa) in a population.
- 15. Variation in alleles within a species; supports adaptation and disease resistance.
- 18. Source of new alleles; must occur in germline cells to be inherited.