Across
- 4. This variable describes the rate of metabolic flow in the steady-state of a cell.
- 6. This thermodynamic variable is the quantitative expression for the randomness or disorder in a system.
- 8. The first law of thermodynamics is the principle of the conservation of ______.
- 10. This type of cleavage of a covalent bond where one atom retains both bonding electrons.
- 11. This designates a single electron equivalent participating in an oxidation-reduction reaction; reducing _______.
- 13. These type of molecules can influence enzyme activity are nuclear proteins that can activate or repress gene expression; ________ factors.
- 18. These type of molecules can affect enzyme activity by binding to an enzyme outside of the enzyme active site; ______ effectors.
- 19. A _____ standard reduction potential indicates the molecule will take electrons.
- 21. This process of metabolism is the degradative phase of metabolism, which releases energy.
- 24. This type of reacting molecules are electron-deficient functional groups that seek electrons.
- 26. This class of enzyme catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions in with NAD+ is the electron acceptor.
- 27. This type of chemical reaction results in a transfer of adenylate as an adenyl group.
- 28. These organisms obtain their carbon from their environment and produce CO2.
- 29. True or False: Electrons can move from metabolic intermediates to electron carriers to acceptors with higher electron affinities releases energy.
Down
- 1. This type of chemical reaction is a redistribution of electrons in alterations without changes in the overall oxidation state of the molecule.
- 2. This is the force proportional to the difference in electron affinity between chemical species (use acronym).
- 3. This type of chemical reaction releases free energy.
- 5. This class of enzymes catalyzes the condensation reactions that require a nucleotide triphosphate.
- 7. This method can affect enzyme activity by keeping the enzyme and substrates in different compartments to alter enzyme activity.
- 8. This thermodynamic variable is related to the number and kinds of chemical bonds in the reactants and products.
- 9. An oxidation reaction results in a _____ of electrons.
- 12. True or False: Enzymes can only be regulated by one method.
- 14. Thermodynamically unfavorable reactions can be ______ to favorable reactions to drive them in the forward reaction.
- 15. This type of reacting molecules are functional groups rich in and capable of donating electrons.
- 16. The _____ conversion of ATP to ADP to Pi is coupled to many endergonic reactions and processes.
- 17. This class of enzymes catalyzes the removal of a phosphoryl group from a phosphate ester.
- 20. This class of enzyme that catalyzes phosphoryl group transfers with ATP as a donor.
- 22. This molecule is a most sensitive indicator of the energy state of the cell.
- 23. This type of coenzymes are usually enzyme-bound to flavoproteins.
- 25. The difference in free energy between reactant and products is greater for ________ than oxygen esters.