Across
- 5. Conditioning: type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli
- 7. Perspective: Objects that appear blurred from a distance due to the environment one is in.
- 10. Rules: these rules can be learned early in one’s life through socialization and interactions
- 11. period: the period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development
- 14. Research: A scientific study that strives towards solving certain problems.
- 15. the second part of Freud’s structural model of the mind
- 16. Bias: tendency to seek and create information that verifies existing beliefs even if current information indicates that the original belief was incorrect
- 18. Threshold: The smallest amount of stimulus energy required to identify a stimulus 50% of the time.
- 19. operations: Piaget’s stage of cognitive development - theory that children (age 6-11) gain mental operations that enable them to think logically
- 21. A psychotherapist who advocated for human well-being and establishing positive changes/impacts to the world.
- 22. five: In terms of personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism --refer to page 599 for chart and explanation
- 23. Thinking: when a person tries to find a single correct answer to a problem
- 25. Developed the first intelligence test by selecting items that identified children who would have probably have trouble progressing normally in french schools.
- 28. a developmental psychologist who is known for his theory on human development and identity
- 29. Reward: this type of behavior is driven by outside sources as opposed to originating from inside an individual
- 32. callosum: bridge of fibers passing information between the two hemispheres
- 33. area: helps control the language expression--an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved with speech.
- 36. A rule or procedure that guides one towards solving a particular problem.
- 37. taking out one’s anger on a person or object that is not the cause of the offense
- 38. this type of psychiatric treatment involves inducing seizures
- 43. synthesis theory: Explains why we dream and suggests that dreams form due to physiological processes in the brain.
- 44. A pioneering researcher of observational learning, known for his bobo doll experiments
- 45. Cues: a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes
- 47. Process where our eye’s lens begins to change its shape in order to focus on close or distant objects that are ina the retina.
- 48. Linguist Noam Chomsky has argued that language is nature’s gift—an unlearned human trait, separate from other parts of human cognition. He theorized that a built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules, which he called universal grammar, helps explain why preschoolers pick up language so readily and use grammar so well.
Down
- 1. Cue: **I could not find this def so I did availability heuristic, but i think it has something to do with eyesight** estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume seuch events are common.
- 2. interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
- 3. Effect: the increase in intelligence scores over time
- 4. response: learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless
- 6. Threshold: minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
- 8. Our ability to accept and adjust to new things or changes that come our way.
- 9. this psychologist specializes in the relationship between facial expressions and emotions
- 12. Refractory Period: The period during action potential where a stimulus is sent to a neuron which prevents the production of another action potential so a neuron can no longer fire.
- 13. theory: The idea that people are motivated in order to maintain physiological arousal
- 17. Neurons: these are a type of conducting cells which carry information from the central nervous system to the rest of the muscles and organs in the body
- 20. Rehearsal: this memory technique involves thinking about the meaning of a term instead of just the term itself
- 24. this behavioral phenomenon manifests itself by fading of non-reinforced conditioned response over time
- 26. Are known to influence one’s behavior through their collective unconscious.
- 27. sodium gates open and let sodium into the axon, causing the axon to become omore positive on the inside
- 30. the extent to which the eyes move inwards while looking at an object
- 31. Thinking: a variety of solutions are proposed in this way of thinking
- 34. needs: One’s desire to form relationships and have that feeling that they are a part of a group.
- 35. Reduction: motivating behaviors that are driven by biological needs
- 36. Effect: The autokinetic effect is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move
- 39. of STM: How much we can remember in our short term memory, magic number 7
- 40. NS: The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). It’s sympathetic division arouses; it’s parasympathetic division calms down.
- 41. Operations: the fourth stage of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development; increase in one’s ability to think abstractly and develop egocentrism
- 42. Potential: A neural impulse or short electrical charge which moves down an axon.
- 46. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically.