Across
- 3. rate: the incidence of deaths per unit of time, most often per year, in a population
- 5. the influence of irrelevant or even spurious factors or associations- commonly called confounding variables- on a result or conclusion
- 8. rate: the actual rate of events in a population, without adjustment
- 10. System: the body’s natural defense system, which works to eliminate pathogens.
- 11. deaths: death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy
- 14. risk factor surveillance survey (BRFSS): A system of health-related telephone surveys that college state data about U.S. residents regarding their health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services.
- 15. systems: ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning implementation, and evaluation of public health
- 16. the ability to test of a test to avoid mistaken identification
- 18. analysis: an economic analysis assessed as health outcome per cost expended.
- 24. to health care: the potential for timely sue of medical services to achieve the best possible health outcomes.
- 27. both the patient and the doctor are blind as to whether the patient is receiving a drug or a placebo in a clinical trial.
- 28. relationship: the relationship between the dose of some agent, or the extent of some exposure, and a physiological response.
- 29. disease: a disease that is marked by long duration or frequent recurrence, usually incurable but not immediately fatal.
- 34. period: the time between infection of an individual by a pathogen and the manifestation of the disease it causes
- 37. a measure of the number of new cases occurring in a population within a given amount of time, usually a year.
- 40. value: the probability that an observed result or effect could have occured by chance if there had actually been no real effect.
- 41. study: an epidemiologic study in which the impact of some intervention on one group of subjects is compared with the effect of a placebo or conventional therapy on a control group
- 43. division of a sample into two or more comparable groups by some random method that eliminate biased selection.
- 44. a way of gathering and analyzing data to extract information, seek causation, and calculate probabilities.
- 45. a loss of blow flow to part of the brain caused by a blood vessel bursting or becoming clogged by a blood clot or some other particle
- 48. group: the treated group in a study
- 50. the proportion of some disease or condition in a group per unit of time
- 51. variables: a factor or explanation other than the one being studied that may affect a result or conclusion.
- 52. statistics: systematically collected statistics on births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and other life events.
- 53. a unit of hereditary information passed from parents to offspring.
- 54. a supposedly ineffective pill or agent used in a control group to gauge the effect of an actual treatment in another group.
Down
- 1. rate: number of live births in a year per 1000 women ages 15-44.
- 2. disease: a disease that the law requires to be reported to public health authorities as part of the public health surveillance system
- 4. functions of public health: three basic tasks performed by public health agencies to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy.
- 6. pregnancy: a general term that includes mistiming or unwanted at the time of conception.
- 7. probability that the same result could have been found by chance and that the intervention had no real effect.
- 9. level: the usual prevalence of a disease within a given geographic area.
- 12. a mistaken identification of persons as affected by some disease or condition when, in fact, they are unaffected by the disease or condition being tested.
- 13. a mistaken identification of persons as healthy or unaffected when, in fact, they have the disease or condition being tested for.
- 17. study: a study of a group of people followed over time to see how some disease or diseases develop.
- 19. the occurence in a community or geographic area of a disease at a rate that clearly exceeds the normally expected rate.
- 20. the relationship between two or more events or variables.
- 21. proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or during a specified time period.
- 22. rate: number of births in a year per 100,000 people
- 23. variation: the way a coin will successively turn up heads or tails if flip[ed in just the same way.
- 25. study: an epidemiologic study that compares individuals affected by a disease with a comparable group of persons who do not have the disease to seek possible causes or associations.
- 26. present at birth
- 30. group: a group of individuals used by an experimenter as a standard for comparison
- 31. a calculation of what may be expected, based on what has happened in the past under similar conditions.
- 32. an x-ray of the breast.
- 33. health informatics: the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning.
- 35. checking for a disease when there are no symptoms.
- 36. risk: a comparison of two morbidity or mortality rates using a calculation of the ration of one to the other.
- 38. curve: a plot of time trends in the occurrence of a disease or other health-related event for a defined population and time period
- 39. analysis: an economic analysis in which all costs and benefits are converted into monetary values and results are expressed as dollars of benefit per dollar expended.
- 42. the removal of a sample of tissue that is then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells
- 46. assessment: a quantitative estimate of the degree of hazard to a population presented by some agent or technology or decision.
- 47. the ability of a test to avoid false negatives.
- 49. rate: a way of comparing two groups that differ in some important variable by mathematically eliminating the effect of that variable.