Across
- 4. The neurochemical transmitter essential for memory and cognition that undergoes marked depletion in Alzheimer disease.
- 5. The ischemic zone of vulnerable but salvageable brain tissue surrounding the central necrotic core during an acute ischemic stroke.
- 7. The progressive narrowing and hardening of large intracranial or carotid arteries via fibrofatty plaque formations.
- 9. A traveling blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule that originates elsewhere in the body and migrates to occlude a cerebral artery.
- 13. An intracranial hemorrhage location usually caused by a ruptured berry aneurysm, classically presenting as a sudden, catastrophic 'thunderclap' headache. DOPAMINE The essential inhibitory neurotransmitter produced by the substantia nigra that is progressively depleted in Parkinson disease.
- 14. The structural architecture of cerebral vascular distribution (like the Circle of Willis) that dictates collateral perfusion options.
- 15. The pathological process where cellular ischemia triggers massive glutamate release, causing downstream lethal calcium influx.
- 17. A severe impairment of language production or comprehension resulting from acute ischemic damage to Broca or Wernicke areas.
- 19. The striking clinical slowness of physical movement characteristic of Parkinson disease, impacting gait initiation and facial expression.
- 20. A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
- 21. The single most common mechanism of stroke, characterized by focal vascular occlusion depriving brain tissue of vital oxygen.
- 22. Involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable jerky body movements characteristic of hyperkinetic basal ganglia disorders like Huntington disease.
- 24. An acute neurological deficit resulting from sudden focal disruption of cerebral blood supply, classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic.
- 25. The most prevalent form of progressive dementia, structurally characterized by cortical atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques.
- 27. A state of increased muscle tone and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes resulting from upper motor neuron lesions in multiple sclerosis.
- 28. Abnormal intracellular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that collapse the micro-tubular transport system in neurons.
Down
- 1. The specialized glial cells in the central nervous system that form the myelin sheath, which are progressively destroyed by autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis.
- 2. A general classification of movement disorders (like Parkinson disease) marked by decreased amplitude or frequency of motor output.
- 3. A slowly progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder clinically characterized by a resting pill-rolling tremor, rigidity, and postural instability.
- 6. A component of Horner syndrome caused by disruption of the sympathetic pathway to the eye, resulting in abnormal pupillary constriction.
- 7. The physiological mechanism where cerebral blood vessels dilate or constrict to maintain steady blood flow despite systemic pressure shifts.
- 8. The primary pathological process in multiple sclerosis where the protective myelin covering of central axons is stripped by inflammation.
- 10. An impairment of the physical muscles involved in speech production, causing slurred articulation without altering language grammar.
- 11. An abnormal extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid protein fragments that disrupts synaptic transmission in Alzheimer disease.
- 12. The emergency medical breakdown of an occluding blood clot using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within strict stroke time windows.
- 16. An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular system of the brain, elevating intracranial pressure.
- 18. A progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary choreiform movements and severe cognitive decline.
- 23. A classification of stroke caused by structural rupture of a cerebral blood vessel, frequently secondary to chronic hypertension or aneurysm.
- 26. The characteristic abnormal stooped or flexed posture exhibited by patients during advanced stages of Parkinson disease.