Across
- 4. the phase change in which solid particles gain enough energy to turn into the liquid phase (also known as melting)
- 6. a unit that describes 6.02x1023 particles of something
- 7. the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- 10. the site in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs
- 12. the substance that dissolves the solute
- 14. a substance that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) as the only positive ion when dissolved in water
- 16. the stable valence electron configuration of eight electrons
- 19. the nuclear reaction that splits large nuclei into smaller nuclei and neutrons
- 20. a substance whose water solution conducts an electric current
- 24. the region in an atom where an electron is most likely to be located
- 26. the length of time for half of a given sample of a radioisotope to decay
- 27. a substance formed in a chemical reaction, shown on the right of a reaction arrow
- 30. a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system
- 35. the state in which the electrons of an atom occupy higher energy levels while the lower energy levels are not filled.
- 39. the changing of a nucleus of one element into that of a different element
- 42. the site in an electrochemical cell where oxidation occurs
- 43. the attraction of a hydrogen atom in one molecule for a N, O, or F atom in another molecule
- 46. the reaction of an alkali and a fat to produce glycerol and a soap
- 47. a substance composed to two or more elements that are chemically combined in definite proportions by mass
- 52. a _________ bond is formed by the unequal sharing of a pair of electrons between two nuclei
- 53. a mixture in which the substances are not uniformly distributed
- 56. the subatomic particle located in the nucleus that has a mass of 1 and no charge
- 58. a measure of the attraction of a nucleus for a bonded electron
- 62. one of two or more different forms of an element in the same phase
- 63. the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom
- 65. the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
- 66. a starting substance in a reaction, shown on the left of a reaction arrow
- 69. a mixture in which the substances are uniformly distributed
- 74. the phase change in which a gas changes directly into a solid
- 75. one of a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons
- 76. a transmutation caused by bombarding a nucleus with a high-energy particle, such as a neutron or an alpha particle
- 77. a part of a voltaic cell that connects two containers and allows the flow of ions
- 78. an unstable nucleus that is radioactive
- 79. a chemical reaction that releases heat, shown by a negative heat of reaction
- 80. the property of metals that allows them to be hammered into shapes
Down
- 1. an ________ bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
- 2. substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means
- 3. the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from a neutral atom
- 5. the substance being dissolved
- 8. a phase of matter without definite shape or volume
- 9. a reaction in which the composition of a substance is changed
- 11. a chemical reaction between an alcohol and an acid to produce an ester and water
- 13. matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
- 15. a cell that requires electricity to cause a nonspontaneous chemical reaction to occur
- 17. the state in which the electrons of an atom occupy the lowest available energy levels
- 18. a chemical reaction that absorbs heat, shown by a positive heat of reaction
- 21. a condition in which the rates of opposing reactions are equal
- 22. a solution that contains more solute than can dissolve in a saturated solution at a given temperature
- 23. an _________________ organic compound contains one or more double or triple bonds
- 25. one of a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one double bond
- 28. a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nuclei
- 29. a phase of matter with definite volume but no definite shape
- 31. the amount of energy needed to start a reaction and form an activated complex from reactants
- 32. a measure of how much solute will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a specific temperature
- 33. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- 34. a change that does not alter the chemical properties of the substance
- 36. the simplest whole number ratio in which atoms combine to form compounds
- 37. a horizontal row on the periodic table
- 38. the loss of electrons and an increase in oxidation state
- 40. _____________ solution: a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
- 41. a __________ organic compound contains only single covalent bonds
- 44. the phase change in which a solid changes directly into a gas
- 45. a __________ bond is formed by the equal sharing of a pair of electrons between two nuclei
- 48. the nuclear reaction that combines light nuclei into a heavier nucleus
- 49. organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
- 50. the gain of electrons and the loss of oxidation number
- 51. a covalently bonded group of atoms that have a net electric charge
- 54. a reaction in which one element replaces a less reactive element in a compound
- 55. the organic reaction in which many small units are joined together to form a long chain
- 57. the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance’s particles
- 59. one of a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one triple bond
- 60. a diagram that shows valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol
- 61. base, a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ion when dissolved in water
- 64. the reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt
- 67. an electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous chemical reaction causes a flow of electrons
- 68. _____________ solution: a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature
- 70. the laboratory process of determining the concentration of an unknown solution by a reaction with a solution of known concentration
- 71. an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties
- 72. compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements
- 73. a vertical column on the periodic table