Across
- 1. rain Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.
- 3. resources Natural resources that can be converted into energy
- 5. manufacturing regions Locations known for a concentrated amount of manufacturing. The world's major manufacturing regions are found in North American, Europe, and East Asia, though other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.
- 9. costs costs that remain constant as output changes
- 10. of scale a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
- 12. line a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled.
- 13. rent theory geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.
- 14. A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
- 16. efficiency Refers to the positive or negative aspects of each type of transportation.
- 17. Sectors "sections" of an economy. The three sectors are the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
- 19. pollution Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air
- 20. A collection of businesses with a common line of products or services
- 21. The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.
- 22. point A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets.
- 23. serving to complete something
Down
- 2. water usage The use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as a liquid
- 4. industry manufacturers of aluminum considered as a group
- 6. pole an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its hinterland
- 7. process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment
- 8. advantage the ability of an individual, a firm, or a country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than competitors
- 11. Location Theory Alfred Weber, the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and transportation costs, variable-cost framework that affects location of factory sites
- 12. economies (syn. external economies) The savings to an individual enterprise derived for locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other factories or retail stores.
- 15. industrial heartland Canada has a sizable manufacturing sector, centered in Central Canada, with the automobile industry especially important.
- 17. processing zones (EPZs) zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment
- 18. Revolution A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.