Across
- 4. Long-term loans for purchasing property for business premises, with the property as collateral security on the loan.
- 5. A bank arrangement allowing a business to withdraw funds beyond the account balance up to a set limit, when required.
- 7. Loans that do not need repayment for at least one year.
- 11. An asset pledged by a business to a lender that can be sold if the loan is unpaid.
- 15. Raising finance from the business’s own assets or retained earnings.
- 17. Profit after tax retained in a company rather than paid out to shareholders as dividends.
- 23. when administrators manage a business that is unable to pay its debts, intending to sell it as a going concern.
- 26. The funds an entrepreneur needs to set up a business.
- 28. The sum of variable and fixed costs.
- 29. Using the previous year’s budget as a base, adjusted for the current year.
- 33. The output level where total costs equal total revenue, resulting in no profit or loss made.
- 34. Unpaid customer bills very unlikely ever to be paid.
- 36. Existing shareholders are offered the right to buy additional shares at a discounted price.
- 38. Spending on all costs and assets, other than non-current assets, including wages, salaries, and inventory.
- 40. Money required for short periods up to one year.
- 41. Raising finance from sources outside the business, such as banks.
- 43. A section of a business (e.g., department, product), that incurs costs.
- 44. Costs that remain constant (not vary) regardless of output level in the short term.
- 45. Selling of claims over trade receivables (debtors) to a specialist (debt factor) in exchange for immediate liquidity.
- 46. Assets that are cash or can be converted to cash within 12 months (e.g., inventory and trade receivables or debtors).
- 47. Costs that can be directly identified with each unit of production, and can be allocated to specific cost centers.
- 48. Selling off a business’s assets for cash to pay off suppliers and other creditors, often as part of closing down operations.
- 49. The capital needed for day-to-day business operations, including raw materials and credit to customers.
Down
- 1. The amount by which current output exceeds the break-even output level.
- 2. Money required for periods longer than one year.
- 3. An estimate of future cash inflows and outflows of a business.
- 6. Planning future activities by setting performance targets, especially financial ones.
- 8. Debts that usually have to be paid within a year.
- 9. A deviation from the budget leading to lower-than-planned profit.
- 10. Costs that change (vary) with output levels.
- 12. Total cost divided by the number of units produced.
- 13. Calculation of differences between budgets and actual figures, and analysis of reasons for such differences. (Comparing budgeted figures to actual results, identifying reasons for differences.)
- 14. Obtaining the use of an asset and paying a rental fee (leasing charge) over a set period, avoiding long-term capital expenditure. The asset id owned by the leasing company.
- 16. High-risk capital invested in startups or expanding small businesses with strong profit potential but limited access to traditional funding.
- 18. Permanent finance (capital) raised by companies through the sale of shares.
- 19. Assets kept and used by the business for more than one year.
- 20. Financial services provided to poor and low-income customers who lack access to traditional banking.
- 21. The value of revenue from goods sold minus the costs involved.
- 22. The purchase of non-current assets, such as buildings and machinery, expected to last over a year.
- 24. The ability of a business to pay short-term debts.
- 25. A segment of a business to which both costs and revenues can be attributed (allocated), so profit can be calculated.
- 27. The price of a product minus its direct (variable) production costs.
- 30. Raising small amounts of capital from many individuals to finance a new business venture.
- 31. The legal procedure for liquidating a business (or sole trader’s assets) to settle debts that current assets can not fully pay.
- 32. An agreement to purchase an asset through fixed repayments over time; ownership transfers upon the final payment.
- 35. A change (deviation) from the budget leading to higher-than-planned profit.
- 37. Long-term bonds issued by companies to raise debt finance, typically with a fixed interest rate.
- 39. Costs that can not be identified with a specific production unit or cost centers.
- 42. Expanding a business rapidly without obtaining all of the necessary finance, resulting in a cash flow shortage (Rapid business expansion without securing adequate finance, leading to cash flow issues).