Across
- 5. antigenic shift can allow flu strains to jump from __________ to humans
- 6. this virus has symptoms similar to measles, but is generally less severe and can cause birth defects if a pregnant individual passes it to their child
- 10. multiple drugs are used in the treatment of HIV to prevent this
- 12. this HIV enzyme integrates viral DNA into the host cell genome, and can be targeted by HIV medications
- 13. inflamed salivary glands
- 16. viruses in this group are also spread via the fecal-oral route and can cause conditions such as meningitis, exanthems, and "summer flu"
- 17. the respiratory __________ virus commonly causes potentially-serious respiratory infections in children
- 20. the more virulent strain of HIV is HIV __________
- 21. an __________ is an illness outbreak on a more local scale
- 23. these enveloped viruses can cause respiratory diseases ranging from mild to severe and are named for the "crown-like" protein projections on their surface
- 25. this processes is the accumulation of minor genomic changes over time
- 28. it is speculated that coronaviruses are spread via direct contact (from fomites) and __________
- 29. the orthomyxoviruses have ssRNA genomes that are __________ into eight separate molecules
- 32. another name for measles
- 33. one group of HIV medications works to inhibit the viral __________
- 35. HIV infects monocytes, CNS cells, and __________
- 36. these enveloped viruses are most often associated with croup and, very rarely, with pneumonia
- 37. in addition to respiratory transmission, mumps, RSV, and human metapneumovirus can all be spread via contact with __________
- 38. this enveloped virus causes an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by parotitis, high fever, and fatigue
- 39. the host of this virus is believed to be bats; it causes a severe hemorrhagic fever that is fatal in 80% of cases and spreads via contaminated blood and secretions
Down
- 1. this process involves the acquisition of new viral genes, leading to major antigenic change usually associated with multi-strain viral co-infection
- 2. this family of viruses includes Ebola and Marburg virus
- 3. a highly contagious virus that has an envelope and causes a disease characterized by a cough, sneezing, fever, and rash
- 4. influenza A strains are named on the basis of their hemagglutinin (HA) and __________ (NA) properties, i.e. H1N1
- 7. the family of viruses that includes influenza A, B, and C
- 8. some HIV medications work by blocking the function of this RNA-associated protein
- 9. this virus can be transmitted via body fluids or respiratory droplets, and it causes a hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of 23-90%, and was first identified during an outbreak in Germany
- 11. in addition to blood contact, hepatitis C can be spread via __________ contact
- 14. the human __________ is similar to RSV in that it causes respiratory illness primarily in children
- 15. the more severe type of seasonal flu is caused by __________
- 18. this HIV enzyme cuts up synthesized viral polypeptide chains and can be targeted by HIV medications that block its function
- 19. this virus causes liver inflammation that often becomes chronic and/or oncogenic, and is primarily transmitted via blood
- 22. disseminated __________ coagulation is a clotting disorder that has been seen in conjunction with COVID-19 infections, and can lead to complications such as stroke and heart attack
- 23. Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) can cause T-cell __________ and spastic paraparesis
- 24. these types of viruses have ssRNA genomes that use reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA back into DNA
- 26. a distinctive feature of a measles infection is the presence of __________'s spots in the mouth
- 27. a __________ is an illness outbreak on a global scale
- 30. another name for rubella
- 31. partial paralysis of the legs
- 34. this virus causes the common cold and is cultured at a reduced temperature