Across
- 1. hematopoietic syndrome; gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome (5 words)
- 5. best protection against radiation exposure (1 word)
- 8. optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), digital ionization dosimeter (3 words)
- 10. organization that publishes international radiation protection guidelines (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 12. unit of radiation absorbed in air (1 word)
- 13. equal to the effective dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor (2 words)
- 14. effects of radiation on the body being irradiated (2 words)
- 18. effect that occurs as radiation energy is deposited in the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively charged water molecule (HOH+) and a free electron (3 words)
- 22. upper boundary dose that can be absorbed, either in a single exposure or annually, with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual; effective dose implies whole-body radiation exposure (3 words)
- 27. distance, time, shielding (5 words)
- 30. (aka remnant radiation; image-producing radiation) x-rays that emerge from the patient and strike the image receptor (2 words)
- 31. ability to produce biological damage; varies with the LET (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 33. unit of effective dose (1 word)
- 34. effect that occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the cellular nucleus (2 words)
- 37. defines annual exposure limits; makes recommendations pertaining to risk–benefit analysis of radiation exposure; states that somatic and genetic effects should be kept to a minimum when radiation is used for diagnostic imaging (3 words)
- 38. makes recommendations on equipment design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoroscopic and mobile exposure rates (3 words)
- 40. deterministic; effects of radiation that become more severe at high levels of radiation exposure and do not occur below a certain threshold dose (2 words)
- 41. also called man-made radiation (e.g., medical x-rays) (3 words)
- 42. effect that occurs when radiation strikes the water molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell (2 words)
- 43. radiation contained in the unpolluted environment (3 words)
- 44. absorption and scatter (loss of intensity) of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient (1 word)
Down
- 2. lifetime occupational exposure must not exceed the radiographer’s age multiplied by 10 mSv (3 words)
- 3. effects of radiation on the genetic code of a cell; affects the next generation (2 words)
- 4. absorption of x-ray photons in the atoms of the body (2 words)
- 6. concept of radiologic practice that encourages radiation users to adopt measures that keep the dose to the patient and themselves at minimal levels (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 7. carcinogenesis; cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening (5 words)
- 9. radiation exiting the x-ray tube (2 words)
- 11. organization that studies biological effects of ionizing radiation and publishes resulting data (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 15. erroneous information passed to subsequent generations via cell division (1 word)
- 16. unit of equivalent dose (1 word)
- 17. unit of activity (1 word)
- 19. organization that publishes radiation protection guidelines for the United States (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 20. average dose of radiation to the bone marrow (3 words)
- 21. x-ray beam that contains photons of many different energies (2 words)
- 23. radiation that possesses the ability to remove electrons from atoms by a process called ionization (2 words)
- 24. cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing (5 words)
- 25. unit of radiation absorbed in tissue (1 word)
- 26. unit of absorbed dose, measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg); 1 Gy = 1 J/kg (1 word)
- 28. probabilistic; randomly occurring effects of radiation; the probability of such effects is proportional to the dose (increased dose equals increased probability, not severity, of effects) (2 words)
- 29. organization that enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level related to use of radioactive material (acronym – still know what it stands for)
- 32. unit of exposure (2 words)
- 35. scatter of x-ray photons from the atoms of the body (2 words)
- 36. graphs that illustrate the relationship between radiation dose and the response of the organism to exposure; may be linear or nonlinear, threshold or nonthreshold (2 words)
- 39. amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit length of tissue (acronym – still know what it stands for)