Across
- 3. Mechanical process used to eliminate trapped air in concrete
- 6. Cement combined with supplementary materials to lower heat generation
- 7. Reinforcing elements integrated into the mix to improve toughness
- 11. Material that bounces off the surface during shotcrete application
- 12. Massive hydraulic structures built using mass concrete
- 14. Process that occurs simultaneously with placement in shotcrete
- 19. Temporary molds often unnecessary in shotcrete work
- 20. Cement type preferred for controlling temperature rise
- 23. Method of circulating cold water through pipes to remove heat
- 24. Embedded devices used to measure temperature variations
- 25. Separation of aggregates caused by excessive vibration
- 26. Method of placing concrete in successive lifts to manage internal heat
- 28. Early pneumatic mortar application related to shotcrete
- 30. Admixtures added to achieve rapid setting times
Down
- 1. Chemical modifiers used to delay setting and control reaction timing
- 2. Underground structures commonly supported with shotcrete
- 4. Structural damage caused by temperature differences within concrete
- 5. Chemical additions used to regulate reaction timing
- 8. Application on slopes to prevent erosion and landslides
- 9. Exothermic chemical reaction that produces heat in large concrete pours
- 10. Shotcrete process where water is introduced at the spraying point
- 13. Embedded pipe system used to control internal temperature
- 15. Property that allows sprayed concrete to stick effectively
- 16. Device through which concrete is sprayed onto a surface
- 17. Well-graded materials used to reduce heat generation in mass concrete
- 18. Continuous tracking of internal temperature conditions
- 21. Concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface
- 22. Technique of casting concrete in layers to allow heat dissipation
- 27. Large-volume concrete requiring strict thermal control
- 29. Shotcrete method where concrete is pre-mixed with water before pumping