Across
- 2. theory on media effects that suggests audiences get information through opinion leaders who influence their attitudes and beliefs rather than through direct firsthand sources (Two-Step ____________ Model).
- 3. a violation of contextual cultural or social norms.
- 4. a handful of people rebel replacing a society’s goals and means with their own.
- 8. others retreat and reject society’s goals and means. Some beggars and street people have withdrawn from society’s goal of financial success.
- 9. the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture (Cultural ____________).
- 17. the evaluation and judgment of another culture based on one’s own cultural norms.
- 20. shared beliefs values and practices.
- 22. a social bond that directly affects social control and is based on the investments we make in the community as stated in Control Theory.
- 23. the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own.
- 24. all print digital and electronic means of communication.
- 26. those who innovate pursue goals they cannot reach through legitimate means by instead using criminal or deviant means.
- 27. the media is considered like a fourth branch of government (after the executive legislative and judiciary) and thus serves as another of the checks and balances on power (____________ Estate).
- 28. theory that the mass media can set the public agenda by selecting certain news stories and excluding others thus influencing what audiences think about” (____________-Setting Theory).
- 30. a social bond that directly affects social control and is based on our connections to others as stated in Control Theory.
- 33. a theory of social movements that assumes people join not because of the movement’s ideals but to satisfy a psychological need to belong to something larger than themselves (____________ Society Theory).
- 34. the effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situations; the use of self-presentation and performance tactics (____________ Management).
- 35. a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds specifically attachment belief involvement and commitment and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society (____________ Theory).
- 37. how we socially construct our emotions as part of our everyday reality (____________ Management).
- 41. the process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists” (Social ____________).
- 42. a measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
- 43. the systematic study of society and social interaction
- 44. the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular (Sociological ____________).
Down
- 1. the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations to accept society’s beliefs and to be aware of societal values.
- 5. a theory of social movements that focuses on the actions of oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in society (Relative ____________ Theory).
- 6. the degree to which a particular studied group is similar to or represents any part of the larger society.
- 7. a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.
- 10. a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals resulting in conforming innovating ritualizing and retreating/rebelling (Structural ____________ Theory).
- 11. the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study.
- 12. philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculations of its costs and benefits (____________ Theory).
- 13. those who conform choose not to deviate. They pursue their goals to the extent that they can through socially accepted means.
- 14. a social bond that directly affects social control and is based on an agreement on common values in society as stated in Control Theory.
- 15. the laws morals values religious beliefs customs fashions rituals and all of the cultural rules that govern social life (Social ____________).
- 16. when groups share a location but maintain different cultures (____________ Bowl).
- 18. being able to extend what you learn from your sample to your population.
- 19. a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (Symbolic ____________).
- 21. theory that suggests that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs and are thus not influenced by challenging or contradictory information” (____________ Theory).
- 25. people who ritualize lower their goals until they can reach them through socially acceptable ways. These members of society focus on conformity rather than attaining a distant dream.
- 29. the sorting process by which thousands of possible messages are shaped into a mass media-appropriate form and reduced to a manageable amount.
- 31. a social bond that directly affects social control and is based on participation in socially legitimate activities as stated in Control Theory.
- 32. a technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance (____________ Analysis).
- 36. a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal (Social ____________).
- 38. a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society (Structural ____________).
- 39. the regulation and enforcement of norms (____________ Control).
- 40. a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources (____________ Theory).