Across
- 4. hot energy plasma from the Sun’s core rises, and cool gas falls back toward the center.
- 7. Spread elements in a star’s atmosphere into space.
- 10. Second most abundant element in the Sun.
- 11. A graph with temperature on the x-axis and luminosity on the y-axis used to characterize stars.
- 13. A physical property of a spinning system such that its spin remains constant unless it is acted upon by an external torque
- 19. Order of Star Life: low mass star, planetary nebula, white dwarf
- 20. Makes up the Sun- Are made up of atoms in which some or all of the electrons have been stripped away and positively charged nuclei, called ions, roam freely.
- 21. giant loops in the Sun’s chromosphere and corona connecting two sunspots.
- 27. Calmer plasma, energy moves outward in the form of photons of light.
- 29. dark splotches on the Sun’s surface, can be larger in diameter than the Earth.
- 34. The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, extends million kilometers above the visible surface of the Sun.
- 35. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity: _______ itself has energy.
- 36. Stars are born in interstellar clouds that are particularly cold and dense.
- 39. The outward push of gas pressure balances the inward pull of gravity, keeping our Sun more or less stable in size.
- 41. When nuclear fusion begins, the star is _______________!
- 42. Giant Ball of ____ gas are made of plasma.
- 43. _______ elements were produced inside of stars.
- 44. The gas and dust between stars.
Down
- 1. Gas surrounding a protostar falls into the star due to gravity.
- 2. A stream of charged particles continually blowing outward in all directions from the Sun.
- 3. a cataclysmic explosion of a star
- 4. the middle layer of the solar atmosphere, temperature drops to 10,000 K, region that radiates most of the UV light.
- 5. the brightness of a star as it appears to our eyes.
- 6. NASA mission designed to study the Sun's corona and solar wind by flying into the Sun's atmosphere
- 8. Molecular clouds block stars behind them or make them appear redder.
- 9. A disk of material surrounding a protostar
- 12. Main element in the Sun.
- 14. Tiny, solid grains of carbon, silicon, oxygen, and iron in space.
- 15. The dark patches within the Milky Way are interstellar gas clouds that appear dark because they block our view of the stars behind them.
- 16. An accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in our and other galaxies, aka nebulae.
- 17. Form when gravity causes a molecular cloud to contract and the contraction continues until the central object becomes hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion in its core.
- 18. The ________ elements, hydrogen and helium, were produced in the Big Bang.
- 22. The small candle went out first because there was less _____ in the small jar.
- 23. How often does the cycle repeat/occur?
- 24. A cycle in which the average number of sunspots on the Sun gradually rises and falls.
- 25. lowest layer of the atmosphere, which is the visible surface of the Sun.
- 26. The Sun is not a burning ball of ______.
- 28. High speed streams of gas shooting into interstellar space.
- 29. the source of the Sun’s energy takes place here.
- 30. Hydrogen colliding together to form helium, releasing energy.
- 31. Bursts of X rays and fast-moving charged particles shooting into space; created by changes in magnetic fields.
- 32. A star currently in the SAME stage of its life cycle as the Sun.
- 33. Dense center of cloud fragment.
- 37. Cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter
- 38. the total amount of power that a star emits into space
- 40. Order of Star Life: high mass star → Supernova then turn into a neutron star or a black hole