Across
- 4. a social system where land ownership was based on loyalty and service with lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military support
- 8. grandson of charles martel considered the most influential ruler of the Carolingian Empire which spanned much of western europe
- 9. a battle fought in 732 CE between muslim forces and frankish armies considered to be a turning point in the spread of islam in europe
- 12. the empire established by charlemagne named after his family line
- 13. a germanic people who controlled large parts of western europe during the early middle ages.
- 14. is the migration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
- 16. is the prophet of Islam
- 18. is the pilgrimage to Mecca
- 19. the major division within islam on leadership conspiracy
Down
- 1. a powerful frankish leader who halted muslim expansion in europe at the battle of tours
- 2. is the core practice (shahada, salah, zakat, sawm, hajj)
- 3. dynasty the caliphate that succeeded the umayyads known for it intellectual and cultural acheivements
- 5. a place of worship for muslims
- 6. is the holy book
- 7. is the religion
- 8. is the successor of the prophet.
- 10. refers to the one god
- 11. a nomadic turkic group who played a significant role in spreading islam across the middle east and central asia
- 15. Dynasty the first major islamic caliphate ruling from damascus
- 17. Considered the founder of the frankish kingdom, known for converting to christianity