Across
- 2. More viscous lava leading to more dangerous but infrequent eruptions.
- 5. When the violent shaking during an earthquake causes surface rocks to lose strength and become more liquid than solid.
- 8. Points within the middle of a tectonic plate where plumes of hot magma rise and erupt.
- 12. The movement of a volume of seawater above the point at which the seabed was moved up or down by an earthquake, such as a thrust.
- 14. Where two plates meet and move alongside each other in a similar direction or opposite direction, usually at different speeds.
- 15. Where two plates move in opposite directions, leaving a zone of faulting and a gap into which magma from the asthenosphere rises.
- 18. When newly formed oceanic crust sinks into the mantle, pulling the rest of the plate further down with it.
- 22. A physical geographical event, tectonic, hydrological or meteorological, which has a negative impact on people.
- 24. The area in the mantle where a tectonic plate melts.
- 26. When a major hazardous event becomes catastrophic and more than a disaster.
- 27. When energy released during an earthquake causes the Earth’s crust to crack.
- 30. Point inside the Earth’s crust from which the pressure is released when an earthquake occurs.
- 31. The study of past changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
- 32. Depth at which an earthquake starts. It is divided into shallow, intermediate and deep.
- 33. Two plates that collide into each other, often on plate being subducted unless they are both continental.
- 34. The slowest seismic waves, which focus all their energy on the Earth’s surface.
- 37. Less viscous lava leading to less dangerous but frequent eruptions.
- 38. A mass movement of rock and soil down a steep slope due to gravity or EQ
Down
- 1. A mixture of meltwater from snow and ice on top of an active volcano and tephra.
- 3. Part of the mantle, below the lithosphere, where the rock is semi-molten.
- 4. The solid layer, made from the crust and upper mantle, from which tectonic plates are formed.
- 6. Earthquakes which occur far from plate margins.
- 7. Point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
- 9. Natural hazards caused by climate processes (including droughts, floods, hurricanes and storms).
- 10. Hot, liquid magma currents moving in the asthenosphere.
- 11. An area that is at risk from multiple natural hazards such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
- 13. The most accurate earthquake magnitude scale, it measures the total energy released by an earthquake.
- 16. Very fine particles of rock/tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption.
- 17. A theoretical model of hazard management as a continuous fourstage cycle involving mitigation, preparation, response and recovery.
- 19. The fastest seismic waves which travel through both solids and liquids.
- 20. A model used to work out how vulnerable a country is to hazards.
- 21. An analysis of different types of hazards based on a range of criteria usually physical factors.
- 23. An earthquake intensity scale based on 12 levels of damage to areas.
- 25. Action to reduce the impacts of an event.
- 28. Area where friction is created between colliding tectonic plates, resulting in intermediate and deep earthquakes.
- 29. The movement of the oceanic crust away from a constructive plate boundary, as recorded by the magnetic stripes in the basaltic rock (palaeomagnetism).
- 35. The scale used to measure the magnitude of a volcanic eruption.
- 36. Seismic waves which only travel through solids and move with a sideways motion.