Across
- 2. developed a series of more convenient alternatives to developing pictures
- 4. monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks
- 8. painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills
- 10. the growth of cities
- 12. Republican president elected in 1876 who reformed and fought against patronage
- 15. attempted to form the American Railway Union
- 16. first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard who strongly disagreed with Booker T. Washington
- 17. perfected the incandescent light bulb
- 18. backing dollars solely with gold
- 22. focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions
- 23. -the illegal use of political influence for personal gain
- 24. led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886
- 25. African American female educator and editor of local Memphis paper
- 29. system that brought packages directly to every home
- 30. Normal and Industrial Institute-aimed to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work
- 31. inventors of the first airplane
- 33. started the organization known as the Grange
- 37. insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African-American community would have well-educated leaders
- 39. designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture
- 41. Democratic Party candidate in the 1896 presidential election
- 47. 1905, group of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago also known as the Wobblies
- 49. successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania
- 50. philosophy that grew out of Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution to explain the evolution of human society
- 53. prominent African American educator who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society
- 56. preached salvation through service to the poor
- 58. act that banned entry to all Chinese people except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
- 60. laws passed to separate white and black people in public and private facilities
- 63. community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area
- 64. system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer
- 65. architect who designed the ten-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis
- 66. Republican Party candidate in the 1896 presidential election
- 67. independent presidential candidate/Ohio congressman (1881)
- 68. inventor of the telephone
- 69. one of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune and was a model for the American success story
- 70. overt-favoritism towards native-born Americans
- 71. Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal. "separate but equal"
Down
- 1. an organization for farmers whose original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families.
- 2. built a factory for manufacturing sleepers an dother railroad cars on the Illinois prairie
- 3. the movement of the people
- 5. case where the Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws, and states won the right to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers in 1877
- 6. organizations and groups that included sympathizers of farmers
- 7. one of the most influential members of the settlement house movement
- 9. organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city
- 11. head of Tammany Hall's powerful Democratic political machine in 1868
- 13. companies producing similar products merge
- 14. an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote
- 16. filled the New York Morning Journal with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, etc
- 19. established the Standard Oil Company
- 20. systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes
- 21. a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs
- 26. spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks
- 27. 1883, authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates' performance on an examination
- 28. 1907-1908, Japan's government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order.
- 32. used to reinstate white voters who may have failed the literacy test or could not pay the poll tax
- 34. laws passed to separate white and black people in public and private facilities. Named after a popular old minstrel song.
- 35. golden spike marked the spanning of the nation on May 10, 1869 with this
- 36. the giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected
- 38. former Indiana senator who was the grandson of President William Henry Harrison
- 40. established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887
- 42. made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries
- 43. Republican nominated vice-president then president after Garfield was shot (1881-1885)
- 44. a scheme that stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad formed in 1864
- 45. immigrant who published a paper that emphasized "sin, sex, and sensation"
- 46. process in which Carnegie bought out his suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems
- 48. Democratic president in 1884 that tried to lower tariff rates but was refused by congress
- 51. novelist and humorist whose birth name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens
- 52. invented the typewriter in 1867
- 54. designed the Flatiron Building in 1902
- 55. one of the most prominent organizers in the women's labor movement. Organized for the United Mine Workers of America.
- 57. immigration station in New York Harbor
- 59. between 1910 and 1940, about 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered the United States through here
- 61. a process to make steel developed independently by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly around 1850
- 62. multifamily urban dwellings