Across
- 2. a religion developed among the ancient Hebrews and characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets
- 8. the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor from BCE 529 to 565
- 10. a house for persons under religious vows
- 11. the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture
- 15. the use of offensive operations carried out to capture a fortified place by surrounding it, severing its communications and supply lines
- 18. a prelate who as bishop of Rome is the head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 19. someone having spiritual or ecclesiastical supervision over others
- 21. a person who scourges themself as a public penance
- 22. a member of the British gentry ranking below a knight and above a gentleman
- 23. paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax especially for the support of a religious establishment
- 25. military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
- 26. the act or practice of trading goods or services for other goods or services
- 27. a person of noble rank or birth
- 28. a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation
- 29. the era following the medieval era
- 30. a hand-drawn wooden bow held vertically and used especially by medieval English archers
Down
- 1. the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe
- 3. a warrior of olden times who fought on horseback, served a king, held a special military rank, and swore to behave in a noble way
- 4. a large, heavy gun usually mounted on a carriage
- 5. a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France
- 6. the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood
- 7. a severe epidemic of plague and especially bubonic plague that occurred in Asia and Europe in the 14th century
- 9. an ecclesiastical censure depriving a person of the rights of church membership
- 12. a system of political organization of land
- 13. one of the pirate Norsemen plundering the coasts of Europe in the 8th to 10th centuries
- 14. a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent in June 1215 at Runnymede
- 16. a record of a survey of English lands and landholdings made by order of William the Conqueror about 1086
- 17. a person who differs in opinion from established religious opinions
- 20. the religious faith of belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet
- 24. a person from an alien land, culture, or group believed to be inferior, uncivilized, or violent