Across
- 1. A political movement espousing a strong state government, national pride, and economic development in opposition to "imperialist" outside influences. Sometimes, but not always, there is a commitment to defending the poor majority.
- 5. This crop was the backbone of the colonial Brazilian export economy.
- 9. A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in the 1530s.
- 11. A cluster of political ideals, emphasizing freedoms, of various civil, political, and economic kinds.
- 13. Leader of the Aztec Empire who was tricked into allowing Cortes' army into the capital city in 1521. He was taken hostage during the invasion and slaughter of the city.
- 15. A Mesoamerican empire that united numerous, small, independent states under a single monarch. In 1521, they were conquered by Hernan Cortes.
- 18. A basic principle of social control, in which a ruling class dominates others ideologically, with a minimum of physical force, by making its dominance seem natural and inevitable.
- 20. The process by which King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella pushed the Moors out of Spain.
- 21. Mining this ore was the backbone of the colonial Spanish American export economy
- 22. The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire and set the precedent for other plundering conquistadores.
- 24. Mesoamerica, South America, and the Caribbean Islands that were first colonized by the Portuguese,Spanish, and French.
- 25. The peninsula in southwestern Europe in which modern Portugal and Spain are located.
- 26. A pattern of indigenous life in which people were constantly on the move and depended on hunting and gathering for food.
Down
- 2. The creative interaction between two cultures, resulting in a new culture. This process of interaction between Europeans, Africans, and indigenous Americans created distinctive Latin American cultures.
- 3. The geographical climate zone in Latin America that is semiarid and cooled by its altitude.
- 4. An institution whereby groups of indigenous people were legally "entrusted" to a Spanish conquerer with the duty of paying him labor and/or tribute. In return the Spaniard was to provide instruction in Catholicism.
- 5. The modern South American countries of Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, that lie mostly or entirely outside of the tropics.
- 6. A 20% tax on Spanish mining.
- 7. This civilization rose to prominence earlier than the Aztecs and ruled over a large area of Mesoamerica. Within the territory a series of kingdoms were built around ritual centers rather than cities.
- 8. A general principle of male superiority within society.
- 10. The Spanish ruler who funded the explorations of Christopher Columbus.
- 12. A pattern of indigenous life typical of forest environments in which groups practiced shifting agriculture and moved their villages every few years.
- 14. A social hierarchy encoded in law and based on inherited characteristics, real or imagined, as opposed to socioeconomic factors. The system in Latin America corresponded more or less to race.
- 16. Pattern of indigenous life that was non-nomadic and had fully sustainable agriculture that allowed for the formation of cities and large, complex social organizations.
- 17. The wandering frontier raiders of colonial Brazil. Their chief activity was slave hunting.
- 19. An administrator in the Portuguese & Spanish colonies who acted in the place of the king.
- 23. An empire in the Andean highland valleys of Peru that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1533.
- 27. Formerly called "the Discovery of America," this marks the moment when the worlds of Native Americans and Europeans collided, changing both forever.