Across
- 3. A compound that is released by cells in response to injury and causes allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries. (9)
- 4. antibodies Monoclonal antibodies that are selected for attaching to an antibody + target molecule antigen for the testing line in a lateral flow test, or for the antibody alone fro the control line. (22)
- 6. Substance deliberately introduced into a body to produce and immune response and develop memory cells (7)
- 9. Type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system: Includes B and T cells (10)
- 11. B lymphocytes that do not become plasma cells but remain dormant until reactivated by the same antigen. (6, 5)
- 13. antibodies Antibodies produced by a single clone of B lymphocytes and that are therefore identical in structure and antigen specificity. (21)
- 16. Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction (9)
- 17. An immune response in which the binding of antibodies to the surface of a microbe facilitates phagocytosis of the the microbe by a macrophage (12)
- 19. Immunity gained either by vaccination or receiving ready made anti bodies (10)
- 21. Membrane proteins that are covalently bonded to carbohydrates, forming part of the glycocalyx (13)
- 23. vaccine Vaccine composed of a weakened form of the pathogen that is generally unable to cause disease (18)
- 24. Molecules on the surface of cells which can trigger an immune response. (8)
- 25. A cell hybrid produced in vitro by the fusion of a lymphocyte that produces antibodies and a myeloma tumour cell in order to produce a continuous supply of a specific antibody. (9)
- 27. Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people. (12)
Down
- 1. Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies. (6, 5)
- 2. presenting cell __________ ___________ cell (APC): a cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; may be macrophages, B cells or dendritic cells (23)
- 5. Immunity to infection acquired either by prior infection or through antibodies from the mother e.g. in breast milk (7)
- 7. A membrane phospholipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates, forming part of the glycocalyx (11)
- 8. selection ____________ selection: The activation of more than one type B-cell on exposure to a foreign microbe due to the many different antigens on its surface. (20)
- 10. response __________ response: Initial response to a specific antigen, where T and B lymphocytes are activated and specific antibodies and memory cells to the antigen produced. (16)
- 12. Type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system including B and T cells (10)
- 14. Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction. (13)
- 15. Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen. (10)
- 18. response The adaptive immune response provoked by a second exposure to an antigen. It differs from the primary response by starting sooner and building more quickly. (9)
- 20. Group of proteins on cell surfaces that help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self (3)
- 22. the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal (7)
- 26. A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens, may be natural or artificial (6)