Across
- 8. the formation of new neurons
- 9. neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
- 13. an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
- 14. the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
- 16. the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
- 17. chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
- 21. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
- 22. a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
- 25. a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
- 27. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
- 30. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
- 31. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
- 33. glands in the endocrine system that are the most influential; regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
- 34. a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as a knee-jerk response
- 35. cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
- 36. system of the body that uses a speedy, electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
- 37. two lima bean–sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
- 38. nervous system that uses the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
- 39. electroencephalogram; an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface
- 40. tissue destruction
- 42. system of the body's “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
- 44. a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
- 46. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
- 49. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
- 50. the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
Down
- 1. nervous system that revolves around the brain and spinal cord
- 2. a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
- 3. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
- 4. magnetic resonance imaging; a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue
- 5. area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
- 6. a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
- 7. a neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron
- 10. glands in the endocrine system that sit t just above the kidneys and secrete hormones(epinephrine and norepinephrine)that help arouse the body in times of stress
- 11. natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
- 12. type of neuron that carries incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
- 15. chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
- 18. the brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
- 19. the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
- 20. the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
- 23. nervous system that uses sensory and motor neurons to connect the the central nervous system to the rest of the body
- 24. the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
- 26. positron emission tomography scan; a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
- 28. the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
- 29. bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.
- 32. branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
- 38. the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
- 41. nervous system that divides the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
- 43. type of neuron that carries outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
- 45. the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
- 47. the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center
- 48. neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicates internally and intervenes between sensory inputs and motor outputs