Across
- 3. an order of social classes with producers at the bottom and leaders or kings at the top
- 6. a large river surrounded by fertil land in modern India/Pakistan
- 7. a metal alloy (metal mixture) consisting of mostly copper, but also with tin or lead. It is harder and stronger than plain copper
- 9. when people began living permantly in one place instead of moving around to find food
- 10. a way of life where a group of people survives from the secondary products of herds. People follow patterns of grazing to keep their herds alive.
- 12. a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets
- 13. a rule of conduct or action that is binding and enforced by a controlling authority
- 16. the use and knowledge of tools, crafts, or technical systems to solve problems and/or complete different tasks
- 20. facts or information that can be used to test whether a belief or proposition is true or valid
- 22. the process of spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures
- 24. cloth made from weaving or knitting
- 27. an organizing structure where the main unit has the power, right, and ability to control smaller units
- 28. people who depend on domestic livestock, migrate in an established territory to find pasture for their animals
- 31. taking control of a people or place through military force
- 32. River The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa in the Mediterranean Sea
- 33. areas of the world that lots of movement and interaction among the people who lived there, but that were not connected to other world zones
- 35. a type of society
- 36. a period after the Stone Age
- 37. action or process that makes something stronger or more extreme; the process of change and growth in Era 2
- 38. a series of rulers from the same family
- 39. a wheeled carriage powered by horses that was essential for trade and warfare throughout Afroeurasia beginning in about 3000 BC/BCE
Down
- 1. a group of people with high rank and privilege, generally gained through birth or connection to a ruler
- 2. increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
- 4. a gift or payment to one who has power over another to show respect and obedience
- 5. Jared Diamond's theory that some regions developed more rapidly and expanded and conquered much of the world becausee the natural resourcces available to them, climate, and geography gave them an early advantage into agriculture before people in other places
- 8. writing system that uses symbols or pictures to denote objects, concepts, or sounds, originally and especially in the writing system of Ancient Egypt
- 11. a person who was able to read and write, allowing for the creation of written records and messages
- 14. in a civilization when people adopt different jobs like artisan or priest that don't involve growing or gathering food
- 15. a vast grassland
- 17. the belt of dry and semi-arid land that extends across Afroeurasia from the Sahara Desert in the west to Manchuria in northern China
- 18. the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans
- 19. large groups of domesticated animals like sheep or goats
- 21. a type of civilization that developed near or around a major river and considered the earliest known large human civilzations
- 23. having no fixed home and move from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land
- 25. a person who worked as a farmer, builder, or general worker during Era 2.
- 26. a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen
- 29. the civilization that developed around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 3500 BC/BCE.
- 30. the art and science of producing metal goods, all the way from mining and extracting metal from mineral ores to the shaping of metal objects
- 34. a representation of an event from the past that is put together using evidence from multiple sources