Across
- 2. a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
- 6. pairs of homologous chromosomes do no separate normally during meiosis
- 8. threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information
- 9. genetics with complete dominance and only two possible phenotypes
- 10. An organism with one dominant allele will exhibit the dominant form of the trait
- 13. one base is changed to a different base
- 17. mutations that affect whole chromosomes and whole genes rather than just individual nucleotides (2 words)
- 19. sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
- 20. copy of a single gene; much shorter than DNA, only a single strand, and contains uracil instead of thiamine
- 21. repeats a segment
- 22. bases that have a double ring structure (g and a)
- 26. (2 words) changes in just one base pair of a gene
- 29. removes a chromosomal segment
- 32. An organism must have two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the recessive form of the trait
- 33. process of taking mRNA strands and using it to make a protein
- 34. (2 words) still code for an amino acid, but not the correct amino acid
- 35. change in the genetic material of a cell
- 36. moves a segment from one chromosome to another
- 37. bases that have a single ring structure (c, t, and u)
- 38. breaks hydrogen bonds between template strand (2 words)
Down
- 1. compares the frequencies of the two phenotypes (2 words)
- 3. crossing of two traits
- 4. compares the frequencies of the three genotypes (2 words)
- 5. (2 words) mutation that shirft the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
- 7. reverses the orientation of a segment within a chromosome
- 11. The joining of male and female gametes to produce a new cell
- 12. taking a single gene of DNA and copying it into a structure called mRNA
- 14. A specific characteristic of an individual
- 15. puts down RNA rpimers to help DNA polymerase bind to the template DNA strand
- 16. also called a triplet, code for a specific amino acid on both mRNA and DNA strands
- 18. results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred
- 23. process of making proteins
- 24. crossing of one trait
- 25. genetics that are more complex and not only based on the rules of complete dominance
- 27. change n amino acid codon into a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein
- 28. relaxes supercoiled DNA near origin of replication
- 30. Different forms of a gene
- 31. gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed