Across
- 3. A water-efficient irrigation method that delivers water directly to the base of plants, minimizing water wastage and promoting more effective nutrient absorption.
- 7. A form of surface mining where a strip of overlying soil and rock is removed to access the underlying mineral deposits.
- 8. The concept describing a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, deplete shared resources, leading to the detriment of the common good.
- 9. Living organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination, often to enhance desirable traits in crops or animals.
- 11. Plants that live for multiple years, in contrast to annual crops that complete their life cycle in a single growing season.
- 13. A method of creating flat areas on hilly or mountainous terrain to facilitate agriculture, reducing soil erosion and improving water retention.
- 14. Large-scale industrial facilities where a large number of animals are raised and confined in a limited space, often associated with environmental and ethical concerns.
- 17. An underground reservoir of water beneath the Great Plains in the United States, heavily used for irrigation and facing concerns of over-extraction and depletion.
- 18. A type of irrigation where water is directed through furrows, or channels, between rows of crops, providing targeted water delivery.
- 19. An approach to pest control that combines biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods to manage pests in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.
- 20. A measure of the impact of an individual, community, or population on the environment, expressing the amount of natural resources required to sustain their lifestyle.
Down
- 1. The rate at which a renewable resource, such as a fishery or forest, can be exploited without depleting the resource's natural capacity for regeneration.
- 2. A method of extracting minerals or other geological materials from the Earth's surface, often involving the removal of large volumes of soil and rock.
- 4. An irrigation technique where water is flooded over the soil surface to nourish crops, often leading to water wastage due to runoff.
- 5. The cultivation of aquatic organisms, such as fish and shellfish, under controlled conditions for commercial purposes.
- 6. A period of significant advancements in agriculture marked by the widespread adoption of high-yielding crop varieties, improved irrigation, and modern farming techniques during the mid-20th century.
- 7. Farming An agricultural method involving the cutting and burning of vegetation to clear land for cultivation, a practice that can lead to soil degradation and deforestation.
- 10. The accumulation of salts in soil, typically as a result of irrigation practices, which can harm plant growth and soil fertility.
- 12. Farming practices that involve planting crops without plowing or tilling the soil, aiming to reduce soil erosion and improve sustainability.
- 15. Naturally occurring rocks or minerals from which valuable substances, such as metals, can be extracted economically.
- 16. An irrigation method that distributes water through spray nozzles, commonly used in landscaping and agriculture.