Across
- 2. a sudden realization of a problem's solution.
- 3. the strong form of Whorf's hypothesis, that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us.
- 5. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
- 7. an inability to retrieve information from one's past.
- 8. early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs.
- 10. that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
- 16. The neural storage of long-term memory.
- 18. a clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
- 20. the way an issue is posed.
- 21. in a langauge, a system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others.
- 22. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems effciently.
- 24. all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
- 26. the forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information.
- 27. narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.
- 28. beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.
- 32. occurs when misleading information has distorted one's memory of an event.
- 33. a psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
- 35. begining around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
- 36. in cognition the inability to see a problem from a new perspective.
- 37. a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick easy method for sorting items into categories.
- 38. impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area.
- 39. a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories of facts and events for storage.
- 40. faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined.
- 41. the ability to produce new and valuable ideas.
- 42. the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
- 44. the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
- 46. the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information.
- 47. an increase in a cell's stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory.
- 48. the tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
- 49. Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems.
- 50. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning.
Down
- 1. an inability to form new memories.
- 4. the tendency to recall best the last items in a list.
- 6. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited.
- 9. estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
- 11. helps control language expression, an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
- 12. a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression.
- 13. the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.
- 14. the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it.
- 15. estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
- 17. expanding the number of possible problem solutions.
- 19. in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
- 23. a tendency to search for information that supports preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
- 25. a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered being stored again.
- 29. Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems.
- 30. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
- 31. the idea that language affects thought.
- 34. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
- 43. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
- 45. our spoken, written, or signed words, and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.