Across
- 3. Arabic word meaning “struggle,” referring to both inner spiritual effort and defensive struggle.
- 5. Desert areas where underground water reaches the surface, allowing farming, settlements, and trade stops.
- 7. City that invited Muhammad to lead them and became center of Muslim community.
- 8. A powerful tribe that controlled Mecca, trade routes, and Kaaba.
- 10. Angel who delivered God’s messages to Muhammad over 23 years.
- 12. Mocking, abuse, economic pressure, torture, and violence faced by early Muslims in Mecca for following Muhammad.
- 13. Migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.
- 15. Nomadic desert people who moved with their animals in search of water and grazing land.
- 16. Desert animals that can survive long periods without water and carry heavy loads for trade.
Down
- 1. A 624 CE battle where Muslims defeated a larger Meccan army, strengthening Islam.
- 2. A 10-year peace agreement between Muhammad and Meccans in 628 CE that allowed Muslims to later visit Mecca peacefully.
- 4. A wealthy trade and religious city that housed Kaaba and was controlled by QurayshTribe.
- 6. A hot, dry desert region where most people lived in tribes, with many becoming nomads and others settling near oases and trade cities like Mecca and Medina.
- 9. A sacred shrine in Mecca that once held many idols and later became the center of Islamic worship.
- 11. Born in Mecca around 570 CE, he became a prophet after receiving revelations from AngelGabriel.
- 14. Holy book of Islam, believed to be God’s word revealed to Muhammad.