Across
- 4. international division of labor The global pattern where production is divided among countries, with lower-cost labor often doing manufacturing and higher-income countries controlling management, design, finance, or technology.
- 5. effects Additional economic growth created when one economic activity leads to more jobs, spending, and related businesses in a region.
- 6. economic zone A designated area within a country with special rules, tax breaks, or incentives to attract foreign investment and manufacturing.
- 7. A flexible system of production that uses specialized products, smaller batches, technology, and adaptable labor instead of mass production alone.
- 9. development Development that meets present needs while protecting resources and opportunities for future generations.
- 11. zone An area where goods can be imported, stored, processed, or exported with reduced tariffs or fewer trade restrictions.
- 13. disinvestment The withdrawal of business investment from a place, often through factory closures, job losses, or relocation of production.
- 15. pole A place or industry that attracts investment and stimulates economic development in the surrounding area.
- 17. Hiring another company or outside group to complete work or provide services instead of doing it internally.
- 22. advantage The ability of a country, region, or business to produce more of a good or service than another using the same amount of resources.
- 23. The decline of industrial activity, especially manufacturing, in a region or economy.
- 26. advantage The ability of a business, region, or country to produce goods or services more efficiently or successfully than competitors.
- 27. market A system where people, businesses, and governments buy and sell financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, currencies, or loans.
- 29. Bank An international organization that provides loans and assistance for development projects, such as infrastructure, education, and poverty reduction.
- 32. offsets Actions or credits used to compensate for carbon emissions, often by funding projects such as reforestation or renewable energy.
- 35. source pollution Pollution that comes from many scattered sources, such as farm runoff, street runoff, or widespread fertilizer use.
- 37. depletion The using up or reduction of natural resources faster than they can be replaced.
- 38. Monetary Fund An international organization that provides loans and financial guidance to countries, especially during economic crises.
- 40. corporation A company that operates in multiple countries, often with headquarters in one country and production or sales in others.
- 41. A trade relationship where two places have goods, services, or resources that the other needs or wants.
Down
- 1. economies Cost advantages that occur when businesses locate near one another and share labor, suppliers, infrastructure, information, or customers.
- 2. pollution The contamination of air, water, or land by harmful substances or waste.
- 3. processing zone A type of special economic zone focused on manufacturing goods for export, often using imported materials and low-cost labor.
- 5. A South American trade bloc that promotes free trade and economic cooperation among member countries.
- 8. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of oil-producing states that coordinate oil production and influence global oil prices.
- 10. source pollution Pollution that comes from one identifiable source, such as a factory pipe, sewage outlet, or oil spill.
- 12. Tourism focused on natural environments that aims to support conservation, local communities, and sustainable development.
- 14. embargo A government ban or restriction on trade with another country, often used for political or economic pressure.
- 16. Moving business operations or production to another country, often to reduce labor or production costs.
- 18. A tax placed on imported goods, often used to protect domestic industries or raise government revenue.
- 19. The production of electricity and useful heat from the same energy source, increasing energy efficiency.
- 20. union A trade agreement where member countries reduce trade barriers with each other and use a common trade policy toward nonmembers.
- 21. Trade Organization An international organization that helps regulate global trade and resolve trade disputes between countries.
- 24. substitution industrialization A development strategy where a country tries to grow its own industries by producing goods domestically instead of importing them.
- 25. An economic approach that supports free markets, reduced government regulation, privatization, and expanded global trade.
- 28. neutrality A condition where the amount of carbon emissions released is balanced by removing or offsetting an equal amount.
- 30. A system of mass production using assembly lines, standardized products, and large-scale factory labor.
- 31. Government policies that protect domestic industries from foreign competition, often through tariffs, quotas, or subsidies.
- 33. advantage The ability of a country, region, or business to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another.
- 34. crisis A situation where a country cannot repay its debts or meet loan obligations, often leading to economic instability.
- 36. organization An agreement or organization that reduces barriers to trade between member countries.
- 39. An economic policy where a state tries to increase wealth and power by exporting more than it imports and controlling trade, often through colonies.