Across
- 4. scale that rates earthquakes according to the magnitude of the seismic waves
- 7. a volcano that has erupted recently and is expected to erupt again soon
- 8. the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption changes due to the amount of ____
- 11. chain made from basaltic magma from mantle plume hot spots
- 14. when potential energy exceeds the strength of rock and friction so rock breaks and slips and potential energy converts to kinetic energy, causing an earthquake (3 words)
- 16. a region on Earth's surface that is broken and where movement occurs
- 19. point on earth's surface right above the earthquake's focus
- 23. Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface (ex: basalt)
- 24. scale that rates how an earthquake is experienced by people and the damage caused to buildings
- 25. slowest seismic waves that cause the most damage to structures (2 words)
- 29. a tall, cone-shaped volcano formed by layers of lava and ash (2 words)
- 31. when forming igneous rocks, longer time to cool = __ crystals
- 32. volcano made of a pile of solid lava pieces formed during a high-gas, low-lava eruption (2 words)
- 33. silica characteristic of lava that makes it thick and sticky (2 words)
- 34. molten rock beneath the earth's surface
- 35. a volcano that has reached the end of its life and can no longer erupt
Down
- 1. minimum number of seismic stations needed to find the epicenter
- 2. waves produced by earthquakes (2 words)
- 3. a scale that rates the total energy released by earthquakes
- 5. igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface (ex: granite)
- 6. plate boundary where less explosive volcanic eruptions occur
- 9. a location where magma collects inside Earth (2 words)
- 10. a volcano that is not active now but may become active later
- 12. characteristic of lava that makes it runny (flows easily) (2 words)
- 13. fastest seismic waves that can travel through any medium
- 15. magma that reaches Earth's surface
- 17. the movement of Earth's crust caused by the release of built-up potential energy along a fault
- 18. when forming igneous rocks, less time to cool = __ crystals
- 20. a flat and wide volcano that has low-silica magma and lava with low or high levels of dissolved gas (2 words)
- 21. an instrument that measures and records seismic waves
- 22. found at a mid-ocean ridges where hot magma meets cold seawater
- 25. slower seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids
- 26. an erupting vent through which molten rock and other materials reach Earth's surface, or a mountain built from the products of an eruption
- 27. the point below Earth's surface where a rock breaks or slips and causes an earthquake
- 28. opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
- 30. high-silica extrusive igneous rock with no crystals (aka volcanic glass)
- 32. plate boundary where explosive volcanic eruptions occur