Across
- 3. A large city in north-west England, known for its industrial history and cultural contributions.
- 5. Individuals who create a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards.
- 8. The queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until her death in 1901.
- 10. A process in metallurgy where pig iron is converted into wrought iron by heating and stirring it in the presence of oxidizing agents.
- 12. An Austrian statesman and diplomat who was at the center of the European balance of power known as the Concert of Europe for three decades.
- 13. The wealth, in the form of money or property, owned or employed in business by an individual, firm, corporation, etc.
- 15. A city and seaport in northwestern England, forming the nucleus of the metropolitan county of Merseyside.
- 18. A political doctrine that values individual freedom and seeks to protect and promote it through government.
- 22. A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, such as freedom of religion, speech, and the press, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1–10.
- 24. The Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881, known for his liberal reforms, including the emancipation of serfs in 1861.
- 25. The capital city of Austria, situated in the northeastern part of the country.
- 27. A region lying or formed at the base of mountains.
- 28. A Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement.
- 31. An assembly in 1814–15 that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
- 34. A Prussian and later German statesman and diplomat who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871.
- 35. Also known as Napoleon III, he was the first President of the French Republic and the only emperor of the Second French Empire.
- 36. The act or process of freeing someone from slavery or bondage.
Down
- 1. To officially leave a larger state or organization and become independent.
- 2. An American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat.
- 4. A former region and province of NE France, between the Vosges mountains and the Rhine, famous for its wines.
- 6. A form of voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification.
- 7. The capital and most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
- 9. A sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states.
- 11. An Italian general and nationalist who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy during the 19th century.
- 14. The idea that powerful nations have the right to intervene in the affairs of weaker nations to promote their own interests or to protect certain values.
- 16. A Scottish inventor whose work on the steam engine significantly contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
- 17. A formal vote by the people on a political issue, such as a referendum.
- 19. The belief or desire of a government or people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values.
- 20. The movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.
- 21. A region in northeastern France, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany.
- 23. A historical process in England of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm.
- 26. An economic system characterized by industrial production or manufacturing.
- 29. The ruler of Germany from 1871 to 1918, especially in the context of the German Empire.
- 30. A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, stressing established institutions.
- 32. A small manufacturing operation often run out of a home by a single individual or family.
- 33. An economic and political philosophy advocating for social ownership of the means of production.