Across
- 3. Chemicals that recruit other immune system players to the battle site
- 5. Class I and II molecules are used to communicate a cell's status to T cells.
- 6. Also known as a phospholipid bilayer.
- 11. The class of cells that B and T cells fall under.
- 13. A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.
- 15. ____ system - detects viral infections and warns the immune system while slowing down viral reproduction.
- 17. The engulfing and destruction of bacteria or other materials by specialized cells.
- 21. Often abbreviated LPS, a component of the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
- 23. A single-celled organism that lacks any membrane-bound organelles and have circular chromosomes.
- 24. A common pattern-recognition receptor that detects invasion and alerts and activates other immune cells.
- 25. A pathogen that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
- 26. ____ system - composed of proteins that work together to destroy invaders and to signal other immune system players that the attack is on.
- 27. ____ immune system - Second line of defense that occurs naturally in the body.
- 28. A type of immune cell important for controlling viral infections and tumors by forcing them to commit suicide.
- 29. Any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
Down
- 1. The cells from which all the blood cells originate.
- 2. ____ pathway - initial trigger is the binding of a specific protein commonly found on the surface of a pathogen like Mannose.
- 4. A theory in immunology that explains how the body produces B and T cells to fight infections by rapidly producing copies of needed immune cells.
- 7. A cell that can mature into a macrophage upon exiting the bone marrow and entering the blood stream.
- 8. First line of defense consisting of skin and mucous membranes.
- 9. A process that helps the body's immune system identify and destroy harmful pathogens, dead cells, and tumor cells.
- 10. Short-lived immune cells that commonly work alongside macrophages.
- 12. Proteins that is produced in response to and counteracting a specific pathogen.
- 14. ____ immune system - Third line of defense in vertebrates that "learns" to protect against almost any invader.
- 16. Hormone-like protein messengers which facilitate communication between cells of the immune system.
- 17. An organism that lives in or on an organism of another species and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.
- 18. The toxin or foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
- 19. types include: killer, helper, and regulatory.
- 20. Long-lived B and T cells capable of responding to a particular infection if it reoccurs in the future.
- 22. ____ pathway - activates spontaneously by direct contact with a pathogen's surface.