Across
- 6. The invader was William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as…
- 8. The gradual decline of the Roman Empire ushered in an era of European history called the...or the medieval period
- 9. Over the centuries, case by case, the rulings of England’s royal judges formed a unified body of law that became known as…
- 12. To unify their country under Christianity and to increase their power, Isabella and Ferdinand made use of the...
- 13. Under Gregory, the papacy also became a…, or worldly, power involved in politics.
- 14. Shortly after this appeal, he issued a call for what he termed a “holy war,” a…, to gain control of the Holy Land.
- 17. By the 1100s, the code of…was a complex set of ideals demanded by a knight to fight bravely in defense of three masters
- 18. Some took part in mock battles called…
- 20. They were Philip II of France, German emperor Fredrick I, and the English king…
Down
- 1. After Carloman died in 771, Charles, who was known as…, or Charles the Great, ruled the kingdom.
- 2. The…was a long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.
- 3. In the early 1100s, a new style of architecture known as…evolved throughout medieval Europe
- 4. The English king…added to these holdings by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine from France
- 5. were traveling poet-musicians at the castles and courts of Europe.
- 7. In exchange, the pope anointed Pepin “king by the grace of God.” Thus began the…, the family that would rule the Franks from 751 to 987.
- 10. In the Roman province of Gaul, a Germanic people called the...held power.
- 11. To adapt to rural conditions, the Church built religious communities called
- 15. This movement that started in Italy caused an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought that lasted approximately from 1300 to 1600. Historians call this period the
- 16. In 1187, Europeans were shocked to learn that Jerusalem itself had fallen to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader,...
- 19. Bishops sold positions i the church, a practice called…