mesopotamia Crossword Puzzles

Across

3. a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
6. He developed a diesel engine also known as compression-ignition engine- an internal combustion engine that uses the heat compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel.
8. Known as road propaganda which may be intended simply to inform.
9. Damage Damage to a vehicle resulting from direct pressure of some foreign object in a collision or roll over.
13. This field deals mostly on the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
15. which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
16. This step determines the guilt or innocence of a person.
19. many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor legislation, and traffic accidents which are mostly attributed to human errors.
22. events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
23. A covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.
24. these are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
25. it refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
26. In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
27. Pack animals were introduced as conveyances mainly to save labor.
31. The MAJOR road builders and they built 50, 000 miles or 80,000 kms.
32. was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
33. it means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic
35. an area of a roadway created when two or more roadways join together at any angle
36. The striking of one body against another or a collision of a motor vehicle with another motor vehicle.
38. it refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.
39. This is means of having violators appear in court without physical arrest.
40. serve as the nursery of automobile builders
42. he built the first high speed internal combustion engine.
43. It is the theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of life energy and mood states
45. the proponent of theory of feeder road building.
46. Early man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens.
47. he invented the first successful automobile tire with an air-filled inner tube (interior)
49. One of the GREATEST INVENTION of man
50. It is the process of giving training and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge.

Down

1. may be walking, running or standing on a roadway.
2. he built an oil-fired steam car
4. are installed to permit safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians at busy intersections.
5. It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses
7. The scattered broken parts of vehicles, rubbish, dust and other materials left at scene of the accident caused by a collision.
10. It is the science of measuring traffic and travel the study of the basic laws relative to the traffic law and generation
11. these are road /streets interconnecting provinces and/or cities
12. one of the modern ancestors of the modern bicycle
14. The movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to another.
17. The first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads.
18. are responsible for the adjudication of traffic-related cases filed before them.
20. these are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
21. used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides
22. It is also a whole police function which involves the actual taking of enforcement actions.
28. introduced the first fast mail coach
29. A circumstance that alters an attribute permanently or temporarily.
30. It is an enforcement action which consists of taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him to answer a charge of law violation before a court.
34. the application of the process and skills in planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and budgeting to traffic affairs.
37. it refers to the movement of persons, goods, or vehicles, either powered by combustion system or animal drawn, from one place to another for purpose of travel.
41. It refers to reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads, achieved through multidisciplinary approaches involving road engineering and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle design.
44. introduced the MODEL T and had adopted mass production methods to meet the demand.
48. Any inherent characteristics of a road, a vehicle, or a person that affects the probability of a traffic accident.

Across

3. It is the theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of life energy and mood states
5. It is the science of measuring traffic and travel the study of the basic laws relative to the traffic law and generation
6. It refers to reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads, achieved through multidisciplinary approaches involving road engineering and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle design.
10. Pack animals were introduced as conveyances mainly to save labor.
14. This field deals mostly on the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
15. A covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.
17. It is also a whole police function which involves the actual taking of enforcement actions.
21. these are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
22. may be walking, running or standing on a roadway.
23. used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides
25. It is the process of giving training and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge.
26. introduced the first fast mail coach
28. The first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads.
30. The scattered broken parts of vehicles, rubbish, dust and other materials left at scene of the accident caused by a collision.
32. It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses
35. it refers to the movement of persons, goods, or vehicles, either powered by combustion system or animal drawn, from one place to another for purpose of travel.
36. an area of a roadway created when two or more roadways join together at any angle
37. these are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
39. The striking of one body against another or a collision of a motor vehicle with another motor vehicle.
43. one of the modern ancestors of the modern bicycle
44. introduced the MODEL T and had adopted mass production methods to meet the demand.
45. these are road /streets interconnecting provinces and/or cities
49. This step determines the guilt or innocence of a person.
50. serve as the nursery of automobile builders

Down

1. In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
2. the proponent of theory of feeder road building.
4. the application of the process and skills in planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and budgeting to traffic affairs.
6. The MAJOR road builders and they built 50, 000 miles or 80,000 kms.
7. a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
8. many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor legislation, and traffic accidents which are mostly attributed to human errors.
9. This is means of having violators appear in court without physical arrest.
11. are responsible for the adjudication of traffic-related cases filed before them.
12. It is an enforcement action which consists of taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him to answer a charge of law violation before a court.
13. The movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to another.
16. Early man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens.
18. Damage to a vehicle resulting from direct pressure of some foreign object in a collision or roll over.
19. it refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
20. he built the first high speed internal combustion engine.
24. A circumstance that alters an attribute permanently or temporarily.
27. One of the GREATEST INVENTION of man
29. events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
31. Known as road propaganda which may be intended simply to inform.
33. he built an oil-fired steam car
34. it means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic
38. it refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.
40. are installed to permit safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians at busy intersections.
41. he invented the first successful automobile tire with an air-filled inner tube (interior)
42. He developed a diesel engine also known as compression-ignition engine- an internal combustion engine that uses the heat compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel.
46. was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
47. which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
48. Any inherent characteristics of a road, a vehicle, or a person that affects the probability of a traffic accident.

Across

3. a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
6. He developed a diesel engine also known as compression-ignition engine- an internal combustion engine that uses the heat compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel.
8. Known as road propaganda which may be intended simply to inform.
9. damage Damage to a vehicle resulting from direct pressure of some foreign object in a collision or roll over.
13. This field deals mostly on the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
15. which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
16. This step determines the guilt or innocence of a person.
19. many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor legislation, and traffic accidents which are mostly attributed to human errors.
22. events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
23. A covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.
24. these are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
25. it refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
26. In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
27. Pack animals were introduced as conveyances mainly to save labor.
31. The MAJOR road builders and they built 50, 000 miles or 80,000 kms.
32. was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
33. it means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic
35. an area of a roadway created when two or more roadways join together at any angle
36. The striking of one body against another or a collision of a motor vehicle with another motor vehicle.
38. it refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.
39. This is means of having violators appear in court without physical arrest.
40. serve as the nursery of automobile builders
42. he built the first high speed internal combustion engine.
43. It is the theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of life energy and mood states
45. the proponent of theory of feeder road building.
46. Early man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens.
47. he invented the first successful automobile tire with an air-filled inner tube (interior)
49. One of the GREATEST INVENTION of man
50. It is the process of giving training and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge.

Down

1. may be walking, running or standing on a roadway.
2. he built an oil-fired steam car
4. are installed to permit safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians at busy intersections.
5. It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses
7. The scattered broken parts of vehicles, rubbish, dust and other materials left at scene of the accident caused by a collision.
10. It is the science of measuring traffic and travel the study of the basic laws relative to the traffic law and generation
11. these are road /streets interconnecting provinces and/or cities
12. one of the modern ancestors of the modern bicycle
14. The movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to another.
17. The first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads.
18. are responsible for the adjudication of traffic-related cases filed before them.
20. these are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
21. used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides
22. It is also a whole police function which involves the actual taking of enforcement actions.
28. introduced the first fast mail coach
29. A circumstance that alters an attribute permanently or temporarily.
30. It is an enforcement action which consists of taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him to answer a charge of law violation before a court.
34. the application of the process and skills in planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and budgeting to traffic affairs.
37. it refers to the movement of persons, goods, or vehicles, either powered by combustion system or animal drawn, from one place to another for purpose of travel.
41. It refers to reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads, achieved through multidisciplinary approaches involving road engineering and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle design.
44. introduced the MODEL T and had adopted mass production methods to meet the demand.
48. Any inherent characteristics of a road, a vehicle, or a person that affects the probability of a traffic accident.

Across

1. class

Down

Across

1. A person that is skilled at makeing things by hand

Down

Across

1. A person that is skilled at makeing things by hand

Down

Across

1. inspired the biblical story

Down

Across

1. crescent

Down

Across

1. What do they use to drink out of?

Down

Across

1. Bad-tibura Shuruppak Uruk Sippar Ur

Down

Across

1. A person that is skilled at makeing things by hand

Down

Across

3. is based on research, which is commonly conducted in academic and research institutions as well as in government agencies and companies. The practical impact of scientific research has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the development of commercial products, armaments, health care, and environmental protection.

Down

1. science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts. There is disagreement,[16][17] however, on whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence.[18] Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.[19][20][21][22]
2. earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to 3000 BCE.[3][4] Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to explain events of the physical world based on natural causes.[3][4] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages[5] but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age.[6] The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived natural philosophy,[5][7] which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century[8] as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[9][10][11][12] The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape.[13][14][15]

Across

7. The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state. (4, IDK)
10. A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones. (4, IDK)
12. Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year. (2, IDK)
13. Diseases and conditions that spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affect many people at the same time, and it’s used figuratively to describe widely prevalent things other than infectious diseases. (2, CC)
18. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (5, CC)
19. An approach to industrial location theory concerned with spatial variations in revenue. It concentrates on the demand side of the industrial location problem, as opposed to the cost side addressed in variable cost analysis. (6, IDK)
22. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Modern agricultural techniques spread in the '70s and '80s is known as the Green Revolution. It is important to understand this concept because it shows how agriculture improved worldwide. (5, VIT)
26. The tendency for competing vendors to cluster in the middle of a customer area is called (6, IDK)
27. A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other. (3, IDK)
28. Geographic viewpoint a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development (1, IDK)
29. Trend of mid to high-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture and also replacing the low-income population (negative view of rebuilding a neighborhood). (7, IDK)
31. The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development. (7, CC)
33. Services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform these activities. (6, CC)
34. Is a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. It is, like suburbanization, inversely related to urbanization. It first occurred as a reaction to inner-city deprivation. (2, IDK)
35. The act of having a specific plan in a specific place. This concept is important because without it places wouldn’t be in a state to run efficiently. (4, VIT)

Down

1. Culture that is found in big, mixed societies (cultures) that share common habits despite the difference throughout the culture. It is important to know this concept because it helps understand the differences of culture in a country. (3, VIT)
2. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important concept in geography because it symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings. (3, IDK)
3. This covers a range of development and conservation strategies that help protect our health and natural environment and make our communities more attractive, economically stronger, and more socially diverse. (7, CC)
4. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. The significance of this is to show how countries populations developed over time/stages. (2, VIT)
5. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. (5, IDK)
6. Process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (3, CC)
8. A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user. (1, IDK)
9. These activities are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market. (6, CC)
11. The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. (5, CC)
14. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.(5, IDK)
15. The adoption of cultural traits such as language by one group under the influence of another (3, CC)
16. Created by Walter Christaller, it seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system; settlements simply function as 'central places,' providing services to surrounding areas. This is shown through organized hexagons to eliminate unserved or overlapping market areas. (7, VIT)
17. Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. (1, CC)
20. The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths (Mesoamerica, Nile Valley, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Huang Ho). (7, IDK)
21. The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality (4, CC)
23. This focuses on the location of humans as it relates to interaction. This aspect of geography studies physical locations to determine how people live on the surface of the Earth, without it geographers wouldn't be able to see how the earth and its inhabitants work together to make a cohesive community. (1, VIT)
24. The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities (4, CC)
25. Collecting of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long distance methods (1, CC)
30. The centralization of parts of an industry as a whole. If this didn’t exist, then geographers wouldn't be able to identify the progressions that an industry makes over a period of time. (6, VIT)
32. This refers to an infectious disease that spreads over the entire world in a rapid manner. (2, CC)

Across

2. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. (5, IDK)
6. Collecting of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long distance methods (1, CC)
7. Is a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. It is, like suburbanization, inversely related to urbanization. It first occurred as a reaction to inner-city deprivation. (2, IDK)
8. The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities (4, CC)
10. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important concept in geography because it symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings. (3, IDK)
12. The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality (4, CC)
13. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Modern agricultural techniques spread in the '70s and '80s is known as the Green Revolution. It is important to understand this concept because it shows how agriculture improved worldwide. (5, VIT)
14. This focuses on the location of humans as it relates to interaction. This aspect of geography studies physical locations to determine how people live on the surface of the Earth, without it geographers wouldn't be able to see how the earth and its inhabitants work together to make a cohesive community. (1, VIT)
19. Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. (1, CC)
20. Process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (3, CC)
21. A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other. (3, IDK)
24. A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user. (1, IDK)
29. The act of having a specific plan in a specific place. This concept is important because without it places wouldn’t be in a state to run efficiently. (4, VIT)
32. An approach to industrial location theory concerned with spatial variations in revenue. It concentrates on the demand side of the industrial location problem, as opposed to the cost side addressed in variable cost analysis. (6, IDK)
34. The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state. (4, IDK)

Down

1. This covers a range of development and conservation strategies that help protect our health and natural environment and make our communities more attractive, economically stronger, and more socially diverse. (7, CC)
3. The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. (5, CC)
4. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (5, CC)
5. The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development. (7, CC)
9. The tendency for competing vendors to cluster in the middle of a customer area is called (6, IDK)
11. A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones. (4, IDK)
15. Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year. (2, IDK)
16. These activities are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market. (6, CC)
17. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. The significance of this is to show how countries populations developed over time/stages. (2, VIT)
18. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.(5, IDK)
19. Trend of mid to high-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture and also replacing the low-income population (negative view of rebuilding a neighborhood). (7, IDK)
22. The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths (Mesoamerica, Nile Valley, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Huang Ho). (7, IDK)
23. Services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform these activities. (6, CC)
25. Created by Walter Christaller, it seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system; settlements simply function as 'central places,' providing services to surrounding areas. This is shown through organized hexagons to eliminate unserved or overlapping market areas. (7, VIT)
26. The adoption of cultural traits such as language by one group under the influence of another (3, CC)
27. Culture that is found in big, mixed societies (cultures) that share common habits despite the difference throughout the culture. It is important to know this concept because it helps understand the differences of culture in a country. (3, VIT)
28. Geographic viewpoint a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development (1, IDK)
30. The centralization of parts of an industry as a whole. If this didn’t exist, then geographers wouldn't be able to identify the progressions that an industry makes over a period of time. (6, VIT)
31. This refers to an infectious disease that spreads over the entire world in a rapid manner. (2, CC)
33. Diseases and conditions that spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affect many people at the same time, and it’s used figuratively to describe widely prevalent things other than infectious diseases. (2, CC)

Across

3. A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other. (3, IDK)
9. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.(5, IDK)
10. The act of having a specific plan in a specific place. This concept is important because without it places wouldn’t be in a state to run efficiently. (4, VIT)
11. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (5, CC)
13. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Modern agricultural techniques spread in the '70s and '80s is known as the Green Revolution. It is important to understand this concept because it shows how agriculture improved worldwide. (5, VIT)
14. Created by Walter Christaller, it seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system; settlements simply function as 'central places,' providing services to surrounding areas. This is shown through organized hexagons to eliminate unserved or overlapping market areas. (7, VIT)
15. The centralization of parts of an industry as a whole. If this didn’t exist, then geographers wouldn't be able to identify the progressions that an industry makes over a period of time. (6, VIT)
19. These activities are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market. (6, CC)
20. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. The significance of this is to show how countries populations developed over time/stages. (2, VIT)
21. A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user. (1, IDK)
22. The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities (4, CC)
25. Collecting of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long distance methods (1, CC)
27. The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths (Mesoamerica, Nile Valley, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Huang Ho). (7, IDK)
31. Services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform these activities. (6, CC)
34. An approach to industrial location theory concerned with spatial variations in revenue. It concentrates on the demand side of the industrial location problem, as opposed to the cost side addressed in variable cost analysis. (6, IDK)

Down

1. The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. (5, CC)
2. Is a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. It is, like suburbanization, inversely related to urbanization. It first occurred as a reaction to inner-city deprivation. (2, IDK)
4. The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development. (7, CC)
5. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important concept in geography because it symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings. (3, IDK)
6. This covers a range of development and conservation strategies that help protect our health and natural environment and make our communities more attractive, economically stronger, and more socially diverse. (7, CC)
7. Geographic viewpoint a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development (1, IDK)
8. The adoption of cultural traits such as language by one group under the influence of another (3, CC)
12. A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones. (4, IDK)
16. The tendency for competing vendors to cluster in the middle of a customer area is called (6, IDK)
17. Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. (1, CC)
18. This focuses on the location of humans as it relates to interaction. This aspect of geography studies physical locations to determine how people live on the surface of the Earth, without it geographers wouldn't be able to see how the earth and its inhabitants work together to make a cohesive community. (1, VIT)
23. Trend of mid to high-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture and also replacing the low-income population (negative view of rebuilding a neighborhood). (7, IDK)
24. Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year. (2, IDK)
26. Culture that is found in big, mixed societies (cultures) that share common habits despite the difference throughout the culture. It is important to know this concept because it helps understand the differences of culture in a country. (3, VIT)
28. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. (5, IDK)
29. Process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (3, CC)
30. The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality (4, CC)
32. Diseases and conditions that spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affect many people at the same time, and it’s used figuratively to describe widely prevalent things other than infectious diseases. (2, CC)
33. This refers to an infectious disease that spreads over the entire world in a rapid manner. (2, CC)
35. The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state. (4, IDK)

Across

2. Known as the "Warm Heart of Africa."
4. Over 500 islands in Pacific.
5. The lowest country in the world.
9. Known for its vast steppes and nomadic culture.
11. An island nation in East Asia.
16. Africa's last absolute monarchy.
18. Second-largest country in Africa by area.
21. Has the longest coastline in the world.
24. Formerly known as Persia.
29. Invaded by Iraq in 1990, leading to the Gulf War.
30. The largest landlocked country in the world.
31. Largest country in Africa by land area.
33. Known for its savanna safaris.
34. Only South American country with coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
35. Gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993.
36. Often referred to as "White Russia."
39. Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
43. Known as the "Emerald Isle."
44. Small, wealthy country on the island of Borneo.
45. Has a single-color flag with a crescent and star.
46. Home to the southernmost city in the world.
49. Home to the ancient Aztec and Maya civilizations.
51. Known as the "Nature Isle of the Caribbean."
53. Has a flag with red-white-red horizontal stripes.
54. The only landlocked country in Southeast Asia.
55. The smallest and most densely populated country in Central America.
58. Small, landlocked country in East Africa.
61. Never colonized, except for a brief Italian occupation.
63. The first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion.
65. A Baltic state with a digital society.
68. The world's eighth-most populous country.
69. Abolished its army in 1949.
72. Has a flag similar to Mali's but with different colors.
75. An archipelago of 700 islands.
77. The first Soviet republic to declare independence.
80. The smallest country on mainland Africa.
81. Famous canal connection.
84. Guinea The only African country where Spanish is an official language.
88. Strict regime and isolation.
90. Largest country in South America.
92. Landlocked, Guarani language.
93. Known for its medieval towns and Renaissance architecture.
94. Home to the Namib Desert, one of the oldest deserts in the world.
97. Measures its success with Gross National Happiness.
99. Formerly part of Czechoslovakia.
102. Largest island in the Caribbean.
104. Part of the ancient Mesoamerican cultural region.
105. Home to the Okavango Delta.
106. Spans all four hemispheres.
112. The Eiffel Tower is one of its most iconic landmarks.
114. Located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.
115. Location of the 1984 Winter Olympics.
116. Known for its Great Barrier Reef.
117. Machu Picchu, ancient Inca.
118. Named after the equator.
119. Name means "Land of Honest People."
120. The only English-speaking country in South America.
121. and Barbuda Consists of two major islands in the Caribbean.
123. Shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic.
124. Known for its indigenous Maori culture.
125. Known as "Africa in miniature" for its geographical diversity.
127. The Great Wall is one of its most famous landmarks.
128. Hosts the only permanent US military base in Africa.
129. Known for its strict regime and isolation.
130. Known as the "Island of Spice."

Down

1. Home to the largest thermal water cave system in the world.
2. The second smallest country in the world.
3. Home to the Angkor Wat temple complex.
6. Home to the ancient pyramids of Giza.
7. Birthplace of Chopin, Pope John Paul II.
8. Home to the ancient city of Petra.
10. The only country with a non-rectangular flag.
12. Reunified in 1990 after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
13. Its territory includes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
14. Largest country in Central America.
15. An island nation in the Mediterranean Sea.
17. The most populous country in Africa.
19. Diverse tribal cultures, Kokoda Track.
20. Known for its long Adriatic coastline.
22. Home to ancient Mayan ruins like Tikal.
23. One of the Baltic states.
25. Gained independence from Portugal in 1975.
26. Birthplace of democracy.
27. Comprises over 600 islands.
28. Known for its thousands of lakes and islands.
32. Completely surrounded by South Africa.
37. Gained independence from Portugal in 1973.
38. Divided between Greek and Turkish communities.
39. Archipelago of 7,000 islands.
40. An archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa.
41. One of the oldest countries in Europe.
42. Named after the second-largest lake in Africa.
44. Gained independence from the UK in 1966.
47. Islands Site of US nuclear tests in the 1940s and 1950s.
48. Known for its cedar trees.
49. Has a flag with a crescent and star.
50. The dodo bird was native to this island.
52. Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
56. Named after a major river in West Africa.
57. Shares the Caspian Sea with four other countries.
59. Has a federal constitutional monarchy.
60. Home to the ancient city of Timbuktu.
62. Home to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth.
64. Name means "Black Mountain."
66. Situated between France and Spain.
67. Sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine.
70. Known for its extensive rainforests.
71. Has a Kalashnikov rifle on its flag.
73. The first African country to gain independence from colonial rule.
74. The third smallest country by area.
76. Formerly known as Burma.
78. K2 mountain, second highest peak.
79. One of the founding members of the European Union.
82. The only Central American country with English as its official language.
83. The world's fourth-largest island.
85. Shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti.
86. Island nation in the Indian Ocean.
87. Sea route to India, port wine.
89. The world's largest archipelago.
91. A doubly landlocked country in Europe.
95. Birthplace of the Vodun (voodoo) religion.
96. An archipelago of more than 300 islands.
97. Has two capital cities.
98. An island nation in the Persian Gulf.
100. Founded by freed American slaves.
101. Birthplace of reggae music.
103. Known for its nomadic culture.
107. Has the Atlas Mountains running through it.
108. African Republic Landlocked country in the heart of Africa.
109. Ancient Mesopotamia is part of its heritage.
110. Known for its flat landscape and canals.
111. Its flag is similar to that of Mexico, with different shades of green and red.
113. Extends along the western edge of South America.
122. The world's largest democracy.
126. Midnight sun and fjords.

Across

3. Country located on the Rhine
8. Polynesian island chain
10. Island Kopenhagen is located on
14. Basque capital
15. Country New Caledonia was named after
17. Part of the Sahara, mostly in Mauretania and Mali
18. European Language diven to extinction by the British
19. German City that doesn't exist
21. Condominium between France and Spain
23. US state formerly thought of as an island
26. River in the Netherlands and Southern European currency
27. Europe's busiest port city
29. Muslim microstate that Albania may found in their capital city
30. the only country with no red, white or blue in the flag
31. Formerly Portugese colony in China
34. the people Tuscany is named after
35. Capital of West Germany
37. Estonia's largest island
39. Italian name for südtirol
45. Country where Jimmy Carter said that he desired their people carnally
46. Eastern part of Libya
47. Slavic state existing from 1918 to 1993
51. Old name for the DRC
53. City with the first metro, built in 1863
54. Shortened name for a political entity in Germany lasting from 800 to 1806
55. Country that will become independent in 2027
56. Island where Napoleon Bonaparte is born
58. City with the oldest buildings in Germany
59. Place where Siddharta Gautama was born
61. Alternate name for Germans
63. Unclaimed territory in the sahara
65. Country with the highest English-speaking proficiency excl. English native countries
67. Ugliest city according to the UK
73. Part of the Czech Republic, A great power in the early medieval period
74. Country with the highest GDP per capita in Europe
76. Tallest mountain measuring from the base
79. Heavily industrialized area in Germany
81. Part of the Nile flowing through Ethiopia
82. Phoenician colony turned into a trading empire
83. Captital of Flanders
85. Often regarded as the tallest mountain in the world
87. Capital of wales
89. unifiers of the Kingdom of Germany
91. Name for the region including Syria, Lebanon and Israel/Palestine
93. Name of the archipelago the pig war between the US and Canada was fought over
94. Native american tribes on the American four corners
98. region divided between Greece, Türkiye and Bulgaria
100. Endangered Lecithic language
101. River with the largest delta in the world
103. Important formerly Luxembourgish city
104. Country that doesn't recognize any China
106. Swedish city with several elemants named after it
107. Religion founded by Czech reformer Jan Hus
109. Capital of Occitania
113. Formerly British colony in China
115. Capital of the Kingdom of Italy before Rome
118. Chinese Island
122. Collective name for Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia
123. Name for a French and an extinct German people
124. Region of Poland
125. Country where the same guy has been in charge since it's founding in 1991
126. British island located near France
127. Old name for Thailand
128. Current name of Köningsberg
129. Cultural region of Romania
130. Capital of Punjab and Haryana

Down

1. Holiest city in Islam
2. Only country that doesn't recognize Armenia
4. German city where Martin Luther was born
5. Founded by Greeks, now Ukrainian port city
6. German speaking part of France
7. island where the capital of oman was located for a while
9. Country often regarded for having no coastline, but is has around 22km of coastline
10. Where the Netherlands borders France
11. French city founded by the Greeks
12. Place in the middle east where agriculture was first developed
13. Point furthest from the core
16. Romanian people living in northern Greece
20. Island nation that was forced into being independent
22. Dutch trading post in Japan
24. Holiest city in Christianity and Judeaism
25. Most hated Dutch city
28. Turkish city with the same name as a superhero
32. Name for the Island in Lake Como that was temporarily sovereign Belgian territory
33. Old Aztec name for Mexico City
36. Long, mountainous country
38. Island first inhabited by the Dutch, named after a Duth royal
40. Czech city with a well-known astronomical clock
41. Capital of Limburg (NL)
42. Country where Freddie Mercury was born
43. Most hated Dutch province
44. Part of the Nile flowing from lake Victoria
48. Country where the gooning cave is located
49. Biggest mistake when it comes to countries
50. Place where the Bob Semple tank was made
52. capital of Gotland
57. Self-proclaimed country of origin for many Americans
60. Unclaimed Antarctic territory
61. Soviet sattelite state existing from 1921 to 1941
62. Place the union between the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden and Denmark was named after
64. one of the few intercontinental cities
66. Region divided between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany
68. Old name for Bratislava
69. Name for the USA before 1776
70. script used by the minoan civilization
71. Former Bohemian territory, then German, now Polish
72. Name of the strait connecting the Black sea to the sea of Azov
75. Capital of the kingdom of Swabia
77. Capital of Wallonia
78. Island of origin for the austronesian people
80. Long, mountainous country
84. Strait between Argentina and Antarctica
86. Capital of Francia
88. City where Christopher Columbus is from
90. French city famous for mustard
92. Youngest country as per 2011
94. Point farthest away from any land
95. Native name for Easter Island
96. Native New Zealanders
97. Polish town where they speak Wymysorisch, a Central German dialect closely related to Silesian
99. Capital city of Madagascar
102. Former Portugese colony in India
105. Slavic language spoken in the Carpathian mountains
106. Federation of six or seven culturally similar countries
108. Oldest existing republic in the world
110. Native name for Puerto Rico
111. Soviet name for St. Petersburg
112. Caribbean Archipelago
114. Language spoken in the south of France, closely related to Catalan
116. Former colonizers of Tobago
117. City with the oldest university still in operation since 1088
119. Largest part of the Czech Republic
120. Dutch city well known for Cheese
121. Peninsula hanging off of China

Across

2. river

Down

1. River

Across

1. isudv

Down

Across

4. Large marsupial
5. Likes to chase mice

Down

1. Has a trunk
2. Flying mammal
3. Man's best friend

Across

2. A high point in a city on which impressive structures, especially religious buildings, were built is called a ______.
5. Hearth An area where agriculture and urbanization were not independently innovated, and where the adaptations of the practice or trait further diffused.
7. Urbanism Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
8. Model Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford’s model of the South American city, that shows a blend of traditional elements of South American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene, is called the _____.
10. This is where financial institutions in the business of lending money identified what they considered to be risky neighborhoods in cities, often predominantly black neighborhoods, and refuse to offer loans to anyone purchasing a house in the neighborhood encircled by red lines on their maps.
12. He Wei Valleys This is the fourth urban hearth located in present-day China dating back to 1500 BCE.
14. This is the sixth urban hearth dating back to 900 BCE.
15. River Valley This is the third urban hearth where agriculture probably diffused from the Fertile Crescent dating back to 2200 BCE.
17. Zonation The division of the city into certain regions for certain purposes is called _____.
19. Zone Model Ernest Burgess’s model, that divides the city into five concentric zones (four concentric zones surrounding a CBD), defined by their function, is called the _____.
20. An absolute location of a city, often chosen for its advantages in trade or defense, or as a center for religious practice is called a _____.
24. In the context of the city, this entails transforming the central business district into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike.
29. The homes intended for suburban demolition are called _____.
31. Economy This is the economy that is not taxed and is not counted toward a country’s gross national income.
32. Sprawl This is unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
33. An agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics is called a ______.
34. Realtors would solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family had moved in, which lead to whites moving to the outlying suburbs from the city, in a practice called _____.
36. Urban Revolution The innovation of the city that occurred independently in six hearths is called the _______.
37. An area with a relatively uniform land use such as an industrial zone or residential zone is called a ______.
38. An outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area that is often adjacent to the central city is called a _____.
39. Belt Phenomenon The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest is referred to as the _____.
40. Model T.G. McGee’s model that shows similar land-use patterns exhibited in medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.
42. This is an open, public space that became the focus of commercial activity where Greeks debated, lectured, judged each other, planned military campaigns, and socialized.
43. New mansions that are supersize and have a similar look are called _____.
46. of Consumption Areas that encourage the consumptions of their products (goods and services) that are driven by the global media industry are called _____.
47. Cities ______ function at the global scale, beyond the reach of the state borders, functioning as the service centers of the world economy.

Down

1. Sector The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords are called the _____.
3. City This is a country’s leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling.
4. The conditions that make change possible derive from dwelling together in a particular home place or space, and is known as _____.
6. Class Also known as the urban elite, this consists of a group of decision makers and organizers who control resources, and often the lives, of others.
8. The rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods is called _____.
9. The focal point of Roman life that combines the Greek acropolis and agora is called the ______.
11. Business District A concentration of business and commerce in the city’s downtown is called _____.
13. River Valley This is the second hearth of urbanization that is distinguished by the use of irrigation in order to urbanize dating back to 3200 BCE.
16. This is the process by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized, as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces.
18. The role of a city in the larger, surrounding context is known as ______.
21. Area An adjacent region to a city within which its influence is dominant is called a _____.
22. This was the first hearth of agriculture dating back to 3500 BCE. This is an urban hearth that is also known as the region of great cities or Fertile Crescent located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
23. Primate cities in developing countries are called _____ when the city has a large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in-migration, and a strained, inadequate infrastructure.
25. This is the fifth urban hearth with cities centered around religion dating back to 1100 BCE.
26. City This is the urban area that is not suburban.
27. Surplus An additional amount of food available due to advancements in technology and an increase in labor is called _____.
28. Laws The laws in which cities define areas of the city and designate the kinds of development allowed in each zone are called ______.
30. Rule This rule states that in a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
35. Unplanned developments of crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboard that develop around cities are called _____.
41. Cities These suburban downtowns that serve their new local economies are often located near key freeway intersections and are developed mainly around big regional shopping centers and restaurants, entertainment facilities, and even sports stadiums.
44. Stratification The presence of a social hierarchy is referred to as ______.
45. Communities Fenced-in neighborhoods with controlled access gates for people and automobiles are called _____.

Across

1. Ciencia que estudia las civilizaciones antiguas a través de los monumentos, las obras de arte, los utensilios
3. Lo que sacó Tom Sawyer de una caja cuando estaba aburrido en la iglesia
7. Célula que no posee núcleo y cuyo ADN se encuentra disperso en el citoplasma
9. Ocurre cuando un cuerpo absorbe calor, aumenta su temperatura y se expande
18. Figura plana cuya área se halla con la siguiente fórmula A =bxh/ 2
19. Cuerpo de un avión
21. Capa de la Tierra donde es posible la vida. Está formada por todos los ecosistemas de nuestro planeta
22. Lugar en el que se originó la escritura
25. Compromiso de ayuda mutua entre pobladores de un ayllu
27. En el juego del ajedrez, movimiento defensivo en que el rey y la torre del mismo bando cambian simultáneamente su posición
28. combinación de movimientos de taekwondo donde se utilizan ataques y defensas en un orden específico
29. Estilo más reciente de Kung Fu que se enfoca en la exhibición y la acrobacia
30. Parte de la lavadora donde se introduce la ropa
33. Expresar una apreciación personal sobre algo o alguien
35. Línea que une dos caras en un cuerpo geométrico
36. aeronave que se sostiene y avanza porque bate sus alas con movimientos parecidos a los de las aves
38. Glándula que produce la insulina
40. Primera cámara. Era una caja de madera con un lente que contenía una placa de cobre recubierta de plata
42. Mayor productor de café en el mundo
43. Etapa conformada por la Edad de Piedra y la Edad de los Metales
46. Poder del estado que se encarga de crear las leyes
50. Información gráfica sobre un tema en concreto. Generalmente, incluye textos breves que complementan la información
54. Se le atribuye la creación de la natación como deporte: John…
55. Forma de transmisión del calor en la que no hay contacto entre los cuerpos y que depende de ondas electromagnéticas
57. Glándula anexa del sistema digestivo que produce bilis para la digestión
59. Hijo de Dédalo
61. Su nombre significa “Las cuatro regiones juntas”
62. A force that pulls you to the center of the Earth
63. It happens when two things rub together
67. Una de las maniobras de bodyboard más difíciles y riesgosas
69. Miembro más joven de la tripulación de Ulises
71. Zapateo básico de la marinera
72. Antónimo de urbano
73. Lugar donde se originó el flamenco
74. Apellido de los hermanos creadores de la banda AC/DC
78. Física y química polaca, pionera en el campo de la radioactividad, que descubrió el radio y el polonio: Marie…
79. Apellido del antagonista de Paco Yunque
81. Hermanos creadores de la primera película de la historia del cine
85. Tipo de videoclip que busca tratar un tema específico con música e imágenes y que resalta por su belleza.
87. Uno de los gatos de Borja
88. Permite precisar el significado de los símbolos utilizados en un mapa
89. Calle donde se ubicó la primera sede del club Alianza Lima
90. Torneo de tenis oficial más antiguo del mundo
91. Eliminación de las heces o materia no absorbida en la digestión
92. Nombre del caballo de Don Quijote de la Mancha
94. Museo donde se encuentra La Mona Lisa
95. “Un canto de amistad, de buena ______”
97. The past tense of buy
98. Árbol que Atenea le regaló a la ciudad de Atenas
99. Uno de los métodos de separación de mezclas
100. Apellido de Mary, el personaje principal de El jardín secreto

Down

2. Famosa pintura rupestre de España
4. Elemento químico cuyo símbolo es C
5. Apellido del escritor de Las brujas y Matilda
6. Maestro del cajón peruano: Francisco…
8. Número que tiene más de dos divisores
10. Antónimo de reverso
11. Fue secuestrada por Hades y llevada al inframundo
12. Tipo de embarcación relacionada al descubrimiento de América
13. Nombre de una de las mejores playas peruanas para surfear
14. Uno de los antecesores del piano
15. Amigo de Robinson Crusoe
16. Estado de equilibrio interno de los seres vivos
17. Rama de las matemáticas que te permite recopilar, organizar y analizar datos
20. Plataforma, posiblemente ceremonial, que se encuentra en Choquequirao y en otros lugares habitados por los incas
23. Escribió “El origen de las especies”
24. Soporte de escritura similar al papel, de origen egipcio
26. Nombre con el que se designa al jefe de comida japonesa en los restaurantes
31. Cuerpo geométrico que tiene doce caras iguales en forma de pentágono
32. Famoso pintor ecuatoriano
34. Resultado de la sustracción
37. Inventor del piano: Bartolomeo…
39. Propiedad de los cuerpos que indica su nivel térmico
41. Paper disappears in the environment after some time because it is…
44. Proceso en el cual un imperio logra apropiarse del territorio y su población e impone sus creencias
45. Héroe griego que mató a la quimera
47. An auxiliary verb used to form negatives and interrogatives
48. Nombre de la tía de Tom Sawyer
49. Material de laboratorio hecho de vidrio
51. Apellido del otro Paco, en Paco Yunque
52. Hermanas de las gorgonas. Eran tres y compartían un solo ojo y un solo diente
53. País donde se creó el Lego
56. Hijos de españoles nacidos en América
58. Sinónimo de hambriento
60. Nombre de Van Gogh
64. Rey de Tesalia, casado con Pirra
65. Piedra de color verde esmeralda que adorna la copa del mundial de fútbol
66. Loza fina que fue inventada en China entre los siglos VII y VIII
68. Época en la que se inventó la viola
70. Material del que están hechos los wetsuits
75. Paso de sustancias de una zona de mayor concentración a otra de menor concentración
76. País donde se encuentra la sede de la FIFA.
77. Gas de la atmósfera que nos protege de la radiación ultravioleta
80. Nombre que se le da a la pelota de bádminton
82. Creación poética que consta de catorce versos divididos en cuatro estrofas
83. Conjunto de partes mecánicas del auto que se encargan de transmitir la potencia generada por el motor hasta las ruedas
84. Modalidad de combate deportivo del karate
86. Montaña más alta de la superficie de la Tierra
93. “Falcones reyes batallan en lejanías de oro____”
96. Tipo de energía que aprovecha el calor interno de la Tierra, y que se manifiesta a través de aguas termales o géiseres

Across

1. Ang nanay ni Romulus at Remonus.
4. Kapatagan sa tuktok ng isang bundok.
7. Malaking lugar sa isang kalawakan ng tubig.
10. Isang uri ng anyong lupa na naglalabas ng magma at lava.
12. Isang material sa paggawa ng mga gusali.
14. Ang pag-aaral sa mga diyos.
15. Ang heneral na kaibigan ni Alexander D. Great.
16. Ang bansang matatagpuan sa Hilagang-Silangang dulo ng dagat Mediterano.
18. Ang capital ng Greece.
21. Ito ay kilala sa mga sinaunang taga-Ehipto bilang Waset.
23. Ang Romanong diyos ng digmaan.
24. Kung saan naglaban ang mga Griyego at Persyano.
25. Warship vessel that was reverse engineered by the Romans
29. Ang tawag sa naatasang bumuo ng kodigo ng mga batas para mabasa ng mga tao sa Athens.
31. Isang mahabang ilog sa hilagang Italya na may sukat na 29km.
35. Isang mababang lugar sa pagitan ng nga burol.
37. Ang modernong yugto ng mga sinaunang tao.
41. Uri ng tao na higit na mas malakas kaysa sa modernong tao.
42. Tinataya na ito ang pinakamahabang ilog sa daigdig.
43. Ang pinaka-unang kabihasnan ng Mesopotanya.
45. Ang pangalawang pinakamalaking bansa sa mundo.
51. Ang pinakaunang imperyo sa mesopotanya.
52. Ito ay isang teorya na kung saan ay ang solar system ay nagmula sa Isang malaki, mainit, at umiikot na nebula.
53. Ang ika-lima at huling Emperador Romano ng dinastiyang Hulio-Claudian.
54. Isang malaking disyerto na matatagpuan sa China.
56. Ang tawag sa mga nakatira sa Achea.
60. Goddess of agriculture and fertility in Greece
61. Bansa na kilala sa tawag na “Land of Plenty”.
62. Teorya ng mga Anti Evolutionists
65. Libigan ng mga Pharaoh
66. Goddess of wisdom in Greece
68. Bansang nagmula ang mga popular na mga dinastiya.
69. Tawag sa mga maharlika sa Roma
70. Isang Griyegong pilosopo at estudyante ni Socrates.
73. Diyos ng paglikha sa Hindu.
76. Ang kapital ng bansang Italya.
77. Isang kasangkapan na ginamit nuon ng mga hittites upang matalo angmga kalaban nila.
80. Isang lahi ng tao kung saan ay matangos ang ilong at sila’y galling sa mga mediterranean countries.
83. Ang pangalawang pinaka mapulong bansa sa daigdig.
85. Isang agham panlipunan na nag-aaral at sumusuri sa mga yaman at kalakal.
87. Ang pangalawa sa pinakamalaking kontinente sa daigdig.
89. Sentrong pamahalaan ni Minos
91. Ang kapatid ni Remus na tagapagtatag sa Roma.
92. Mga manlalakbay at barbarong mananakop ng mga bansa sa Europa
93. Korea Ay diktador na bansa sa Asya.
94. Isang mayamang uri ng tao o pamilya.
96. Salitang Griego na nangangahulugang "Wisdom"
98. Isang uri ng alipin na napipilitang magbigay ng tiyak na bahagi ng ani, sapat upang mapakain ang mga tao.
99. Ang tawag sa kapanganakan ng isang paraon na namuno sa ika-apat na dinastiya ng Ehipto noong lumang kaharian.
100. Ang kapatid ni Romulus na tagapagtatag ng Roma.

Down

2. Saang bansa matatagpuan ang Red sea.
3. Isang pilosopiyang Tsino na pinagtatalunan kung totoo siya sa kasaysayan.
5. Ito ay tawag sa mga lalaking spartano.
6. Ang aklat ng mga kristiyano.
8. Isang popular na griyegong manunula at rapsodista na naglikha ng Illiad at Odyssey.
9. Ito ay pangalan ng isang pook na pang-arkeolohiya na nasa Hisarlik na nasa loob ng Anatolia.
11. Ay isang bansa sa Timog-Silangan ng Timog-Amerika.
13. Isang pinuno at manunulat ng mga Romano na nakakita ng kasaganaan at luho ng pamumuhay sa Carthege.
17. Isang hari ng Israel at ayon sa Koran, isang poeta, anak ni David at kilala bilang Sulayman o Sulaiman.
18. Rule of the rich and noble families
19. Isang makitid na piraso ng lupa na nagkokonekta sa dalawang mas.
20. Ang kalinangan sa pagitan ng paleolitiko at neolitiko.
22. Ang mambabatas na nagtagal ng pag-aalipin sa Greece.
23. Isang intisik na pilosopo na itinuturing bilang isa sa pinaka bantog na kumpusyano.
26. The greek word for "city"
27. Ang tagapangasiwa ng mga Hinduismo.
28. Isang hari ng lungsod estado ng Sparta sa sinaunang Gresya.
30. Ang pang-apat na persyanong hari ng imperyong Achaemenid.
32. Uri ng tao na nagmula sa Afrika na may pagkaitim na kulay.
33. Isang posisyon sa pisikal na espasyo na sumasakop sa ibabaw ng daigdig.
34. Ang pagpapalit ng pisikal na itsura ng isang material mula gas patungong tubig o likido.
36. Ang bumigkas ng “vedi, vedi, veci”
38. The principal of all gods in Mesopotamia
39. Nangangahulugang “dumating ako”.
40. Ang pinakamalaking kontinente sa buong daigdig/mundo.
44. Ito ay ang pinaka-mahalagang sa sinaunang italya noong bago dumating ang sinauang Romano.
46. Pinag-iikutan ng ating mundo kung kaya’t tayo ay nakakaranas ng araw at gabi.
47. Matatagpuan sa pagitan ng Europa, Asya at Aprika.
48. Isang mahaba, patag at malawak na anyong lupa.
49. Ang pinakamalamig na lugar sa daigdig.
50. Ang pag-aaral ng mga “fossil”
52. Isang lungsod sa Assyrian sa hilagang Mesopotanya.
55. Namumuno para protektahan ang mga mahihirap
57. Ang bansa na nais magsimula ng WW2.
58. Isang sunod-sunod na digmaang military na may kaugnayan sa relihiyon
59. Ang tawag sa pag-aaral sa isip ng tao.
63. Isang salitang Prances na nangangahulugang muling pagsilang
64. Ang ikalawang Emperadorng Roma mula sa pagkamatay ni augustus.
67. Labi ng uri ng tao na nakuha sa kuwebang Tabon.
71. Isang bahagi ng daigdig na pinagbuklod ng magakakatulad na katangiang pisikal at kultura.
72. Ang tinatawag na lupain ng mga sibilisadong hari sa Mesopotanya.
74. Ang tawag kay Augustus ng sya ay nagging isa sa mga hari ng 2nd Triumuirate.
75. Ang ama ng kasaysayan
78. Isang republika sa Hilagang-Silangang Aprika at maliit na bahagi ng Timog kanlurang Asya.
79. Ito ay isang malaking likas na daanang tubig.
81. Ito ay isang pangunahing mesopotamyang silangang semitiko na ay isang kaharian at imperyo ng sinaunang malapit na silangan.
82. Ang kinikilalalang maalamat na hari ng islang Crete.
84. Ang tangway na nagmula sa Timog Europa patungong Dagat Meditterean.
86. Ang pinakamalaki at pinakamatao sa mga islang Griyego.
88. Isang lungsod sa Laconia sa Peloponnese sa Greece.
90. Ang bansang nasa pangalawang pinaka puno ng populasyon sa buong mundo.
92. Isang mahalagang diyos ng Hindu at isang aspekto ng Trimurti.
95. Isang anyong tubig na daungan ng mga barko.
97. Ang matalik na kaibigan ni Julius na gustong ipapatay siya
99. Bahagi ng east Africa kung saan nakatira ang mga taga Lower Paleolitik na tao.

Across

2. Melting powdered glass onto the metal
4. Purplish color that appears on a copper alloy such as sterling, signifying that cupric oxide has formed within the metal
7. Alloy of copper, zinc and nickel contains no silver although it is sometimes called German silver
10. Metal produced by combining two or more metals at the molecular level in their molten state
11. The result of the metal grain structure becoming more compact, therefore less malleable
12. A macabre form of religious jewelry that juxtaposed images of skeletons with youthful figures
13. A term used to measure precious stones
15. Soldering one piece of metal onto the surface of another
18. Culture that believes that gold holds the power of the sun
21. Shape or form showing no movement or action
23. Egyptian hieroglyphic sign for life
24. The point at which a chain or cord connects with a pendant
25. Time period known for mass produced, machine-like jewelry design
28. A piece of jewelry which is constructed out of a variety of base materials and covered with a thin layer of karat gold
29. Dipping a piece of heated metal into a container of water to cool it
34. A direct pouring of molten metal into a mold
35. Cylindrical form around which wire is wrapped or thin sheet metal is hammered
37. A piece of wax that holds a model in its correct position while making the mold
40. That which is beautiful and visually pleasing
43. The mechanized process to finish pieces of jewelry where polishing materials rotate in a tub for a period of time
44. Stiff bracelet you slip on the wrist through the opening that is not a complete circle
46. Unit used to measure gold
50. Type of balance where both sides of a design appear to be identical
51. Hardwood attached to your work surface to help support your metal as you pierce your design
54. Area that surrounds, and sometimes passes through a work of art called
56. A two-stage joining technique in which solder is flowed onto one piece, cooled, and then later attached with heat to a second piece
58. Having or representing animal forms
60. Compound used to neutralize pickle
62. The method of attaching two flat pieces of metal together by piercing them with a small length of wire, the ends of which are then flared to hold the layers together
63. The most malleable of all metals and is used throughout practically every culture
64. The file cuts on the _______ stroke
68. Water and acid dip used to clean scale, oxides, and flux from a workpiece after soldering or annealing
69. Sensuous lines that depict plant, insect and human forms
70. Skill in producing expertly finished products
71. Historical period where utilizing human hair was popular
72. A crown or headband worn to symbolize or indicate royalty or honor
73. A technique of working metal from the front using a tool with a rounded end so that the pattern is indented onto the surface
74. When placing your saw blade in the frame, the teeth should face out and ____
75. The earliest metal adornment come from this area
76. Tool that artists use to hold their preliminary ideas, drawings, and notes

Down

1. The most commonly used of the precious metals in jewelry making
3. A metal band or collar which holds a cabochon in place
5. As the gauge number increases, the metal gets __________
6. The construction of a piece of jewelry by sawing, forming, and soldering together sheet and/or wire metal
8. Tool that will form metal and neither mark nor stretch it
9. Versatile tool with a motor, electronic foot control, shaft, and handpiece that can be used to drill, grind, sand, carve, and buff
13. The metal that is most commonly used to create other alloyed metals
14. A ring that bears a family crest or other insignia that is used to stamp into melted wax to leave an impression
16. The final finishing stage in which a high luster is imparted to metal using rotating wheels or brushes
17. Culture is known for their abundant use of natural stones, such as turquoise, with silver being merely a vehicle to hold these stones
19. Line, rolled, and scored are types of _____ Forming
20. A convex-cut, unfaceted gem with a flat back
22. An elongated oval in which names of kings and queens appear in Egyptian hieroglyphics
26. The ancient culture has the MOST jewelry work that has survived to the present day
27. The term for a commercial or handmade fittings or fastener
30. Organic mold used by goldsmiths for centuries and provides a rich texture
31. Alloy of copper and zinc
32. Shapes or forms derived from living things
33. Used to contain and control a smaller benchtop fire
36. What kind of tongs should you use in the pickle to prevent contamination?
38. Mechanical, man-made shapes such as squares and circles
39. The things that are represented in a work of art such as people, buildings, and trees
41. The most common tool used to anneal metal for jewelry making
42. Tool that has a domed head with one flat circular end and will stretch, shape, and mark metal
45. Liquid or paste used to cover metals during heating to form a protective coat against oxygen
47. A cutting substance used with a polishing or rubbing action to produce a variety of surface qualities
48. A slender thread of ductile metal
49. Metal’s ability to be formed, hammered, pressed, or shaped without breaking
52. Technique that involves the use of acid (or electrolyte solution and current) and a resist
53. White metal that is easily used in casting due to its low melting point
55. Art that is an expression in pure design form and shows no representation of natural or human-made objects
57. The process of joining metal components by heating and flowing an alloy with a lower melting temperature into the seam
59. Heating metal to make it more malleable
61. A thin, broad piece of metal
65. Earliest form of the kilt pin and today’s safety pin
66. Round or oval piece of metal cut off of a coil or formed around a spindle, used to join other jewelry components
67. Tiny pieces of solder

Across

4. Urban Revolution The innovation of the city that occurred independently in six hearths is called the _______.
5. Class Also known as the urban elite, this consists of a group of decision makers and organizers who control resources, and often the lives, of others.
7. New mansions that are supersize and have a similar look are called _____.
10. A high point in a city on which impressive structures, especially religious buildings, were built is called a ______.
13. Communities Fenced-in neighborhoods with controlled access gates for people and automobiles are called _____.
14. An area with a relatively uniform land use such as an industrial zone or residential zone is called a ______.
17. Economy This is the economy that is not taxed and is not counted toward a country’s gross national income.
19. Village People were involved in agriculture, and lived at near-subsistence levels, producing just enough to get by in this pre-urban area
20. The role of a city in the larger, surrounding context is known as ______.
21. Cities These suburban downtowns that serve their new local economies are often located near key freeway intersections and are developed mainly around big regional shopping centers and restaurants, entertainment facilities, and even sports stadiums.
23. Zonation The division of the city into certain regions for certain purposes is called _____.
25. Stratification The presence of a social hierarchy is referred to as ______.
27. Unplanned developments of crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboard that develop around cities are called _____.
29. In the context of the city, this entails transforming the central business district into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike.
31. The rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods is called _____.
32. The homes intended for suburban demolition are called _____.
35. City This is the urban area that is not suburban.
37. This was the first hearth of agriculture dating back to 3500 BCE. This is an urban hearth that is also known as the region of great cities or Fertile Crescent located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
39. City This is a country’s leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling.
40. An absolute location of a city, often chosen for its advantages in trade or defense, or as a center for religious practice is called a _____.
41. Rule This rule states that in a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
44. The focal point of Roman life that combines the Greek acropolis and agora is called the ______.
47. This is where financial institutions in the business of lending money identified what they considered to be risky neighborhoods in cities, often predominantly black neighborhoods, and refuse to offer loans to anyone purchasing a house in the neighborhood encircled by red lines on their maps.
48. This is the sixth urban hearth dating back to 900 BCE.

Down

1. Area An adjacent region to a city within which its influence is dominant is called a _____.
2. Sprawl This is unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
3. This is the fifth urban hearth with cities centered around religion dating back to 1100 BCE.
6. Sector The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords are called the _____.
8. Primate cities in developing countries are called _____ when the city has a large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in-migration, and a strained, inadequate infrastructure.
9. This is the process by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized, as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces.
11. Belt Phenomenon The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest is referred to as the _____.
12. Surplus An additional amount of food available due to advancements in technology and an increase in labor is called _____.
15. He Wei Valleys This is the fourth urban hearth located in present-day China dating back to 1500 BCE.
16. Cities ______ function at the global scale, beyond the reach of the state borders, functioning as the service centers of the world economy.
18. of Consumption Areas that encourage the consumptions of their products (goods and services) that are driven by the global media industry are called _____.
22. Zone Model Ernest Burgess’s model, that divides the city into five concentric zones (four concentric zones surrounding a CBD), defined by their function, is called the _____.
24. An agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics is called a ______.
26. Realtors would solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family had moved in, which lead to whites moving to the outlying suburbs from the city, in a practice called _____.
28. Hearth An area where agriculture and urbanization were not independently innovated, and where the adaptations of the practice or trait further diffused.
30. Urbanism Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
31. Model Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford’s model of the South American city, that shows a blend of traditional elements of South American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene, is called the _____.
33. The conditions that make change possible derive from dwelling together in a particular home place or space, and is known as _____.
34. Model T.G. McGee’s model that shows similar land-use patterns exhibited in medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.
36. River Valley This is the second hearth of urbanization that is distinguished by the use of irrigation in order to urbanize dating back to 3200 BCE.
38. This is an open, public space that became the focus of commercial activity where Greeks debated, lectured, judged each other, planned military campaigns, and socialized.
42. An outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area that is often adjacent to the central city is called a _____.
43. Laws The laws in which cities define areas of the city and designate the kinds of development allowed in each zone are called ______.
45. This is the built up space of the central city and suburbs.
46. River Valley This is the third urban hearth where agriculture probably diffused from the Fertile Crescent dating back to 2200 BCE.

Across

2. Harun al-Rashid sent an Indian _____________ named Abul-Abbas ("father of intelligence" in Arabic) as a gift to Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire, in 802 / while Charlemagne was on campaign in Denmark, it most likely died from pneumonia after crossing the Rhine
4. (384-322 BCE) widely considered the "First Teacher" in the Islamic tradition / his purely rational understanding of the world influenced Ibn Rushd (1126-1198), an Andalusian polymath whose ideas profoundly influenced the development of scholasticism - the effort of medieval European philosophers to harmonize Christianity with this Greek philosopher's work / Muslim scholars used his ideas as a foundation for their own philosophical inquiries across various fields
6. Islamic banks established multiple branches that honored letters of credit known as _____________ - the root of the modern word check - drawn on the parent bank / merchants could draw letters of credits in one city and cash them in another
7. (750-1258 CE) third caliphate founded by a dynasty descended from the Prophet's uncle, Abbas, from whom it takes its name / overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE in a revolution that united diverse groups, including Persians and Shia, under the banner of restoring rule to the Prophet's family / presided over the Islamic Golden Age from the 8th century to the 13th century
9. a record of the sayings or deeds of the Prophet and his companions
11. the _____________ Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes on the Eurasian Steppe under the leadership of Temujin, aka Ghengis Khan, in 1206 / Hulegu, Ghengis Khan's grandson, sacked Baghdad and extinguished the Abbasid dynasty in 1258
12. dominant ethnic group during the Umayyad Caliphate that held privileged positions in government and military / the exclusion of Muslims from other ethnic groups, particularly Persians, contributed to the Abbasid Revolution, as the movement promised a more inclusive government
14. a collection of Middle Eastern folktales that include "Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp" and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves"
18. a special head tax levied on those who did not convert to Islam
19. this ancient Persian (Iranian) religion influenced the hadith and many beliefs and practices in Islam
21. (1058-1111) the most important of the early Sufi theologians / argued that human reason was too frail to understand the nature of Allah and hence could not explain the mysteries of the world / preached that only through devotion and guidance from the Quran could human beings begin to appreciate the uniqueness and power of Allah / held that philosophy and human reasoning were vain pursuits
22. the Arabs took this region from the Byzantine Empire during the invasion of 634-636 CE / the main power base of the Umayyads / Damascus is the capital of modern _____________
23. a profession held in high esteem by the Prophet since he himself was one
25. _____________ numerals were later called "Arabic" numerals by Europeans / enabled Muslim scholars to develop an impressive tradition of advanced mathematics and greatly aided in scientific discovery / Indian knowledge absorbed into Islamic scholarship
26. Baghdad is the capital of modern _____________, a country you should associate with ancient Mesopotamia - the "land btw. rivers' - and the "Cradle of Civilization"
30. (766-809 CE) fifth Abbasid caliph whose reign is regarded to be the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age / established the House of Wisdom - an intellectual center and one of the world's largest public libraries - in Baghdad / a central character in One Thousand and One Nights, where he is portrayed as a just and learned ruler

Down

1. historical region conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate between 632 and 654 CE when it defeated the Sasanian Empire, an Iranian empire that had ruled for just over four centuries after the Parthians / significantly influenced administrative practices of the Abbasid bureaucracy / where the Abbasid Revolution originated due to widespread discontent with Umayyad rule
3. "community of the faithful"
5. (632-661 CE) consisted of the first four successive caliphs / led the Muslim community from the death of the Prophet in 632 CE to the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 CE / characterized by rapid military expansion / unlike later caliphs, they were chosen by consensus among the Prophet's closest companions / 3/4 assassinated
6. the final prophet through whom Allah would reveal his message to mankind - Muhammad accepted the authority of the earlier Jewish and Christian prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
8. ethnic group indigenous to the Maghreb region of North Africa / they made up the majority of the Muslim army that conquered the Iberian Peninsula by the 720s
10. traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century / began during the reign of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom, which saw scholars from all over the Muslim world flock to Baghdad to translate the world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian
13. (661-750 CE) second caliphate and also the first great Muslim dynasty / ruled over a vast multiethnic and multicultural population, though Christians still constituted a majority / constructed grand mosques and palaces from established Byzantine and Sasanian architectural traditions / continued the Muslim conquests before being toppled by the Abbasids in 750
15. developed by the 9th-century Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (often referred to as the "father of _____________"), while he was working at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
16. the most effective Islamic missionaries and practitioners of mystical Islam / most led pious and aesthetic lives / some devoted themselves to helping the poor / became increasingly popular after the ninth century because of their piety, devotion, and eagerness to minister
17. institutions of higher education that had become established in the major cities of the Islamic world by the twelfth century / Arabic word for "schools"
20. Islamic holy law that emerged centuries after Muhammad / offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life
24. dominant religion in regions like Egypt, Syria, and parts of North Africa before the Muslim conquests
27. capital of the Umayyad Caliphate and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world
28. Abbasid capital built from scratch in 762 CE along the Tigris / city evolved into a cultural and intellectual center of the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age / built around two large semicircles and known as the 'Round City', it was the largest city in the world during the 9th and 10th centuries / largely destroyed by the Mongols in 1258
29. Islamic Spain / its governors were Umayyads who refused to recognize the Abbasid dynasty - they ruled independent kingdoms called taifas / actively participated in the commercial life of the larger Islamic world / resisted European forces for centuries before the Reconquista, when Christian kingdoms gradually reclaimed territory on the Iberian Peninsula

Across

2. A dried herb with a woody stem and tiny leaves from an aromatic perennial evergreen, indigenous to the Mediterranean. May have first been cultivated in the Levant. Ancient Egyptians used it in embalming. Ancient Greeks used it in baths and as incense, believing it brought courage. Spread through Europe by the Romans who used it to purify their rooms and "give an aromatic flavor to cheese and liqueurs". In the European Middle Ages, the herb was placed beneath pillows to aid sleep and ward off nightmares. A common component of bouquet garni and herbes de Provence.
3. A bright green flowering plant native to the central and eastern Mediterranean. Believed to have originally been grown in Sardinia and cultivated around the 3rd century BCE. First cultivated in Britain in 1548, though literary evidence suggests it was used in England in the Middle Ages, as early as the Anglo-Saxon period. The name comes from a merger of Old English "petersilie" and Old French "peresil", via Latin, via a Greek word meaning "rock celery".
6. Made from the reddish covering or aril of the nutmeg seed. Similar to nutmeg in flavor but less sweet and more delicate. Dried pieces are flat, smooth, horn-like, and brittle, about 1-1/2" long.
9. Derived from the flower of a crocus, the stigma is dried as threads. Imparts a rich golden hue to dishes. Origin is unknown, though modern-day Iran, Greece, and Mesopotamia have all been suggested, as early as the Bronze Age. Detailed in a 7th century BCE Assyrian botanical list. The Romans carried this spice to Gaul and the spice returned to France in the 8th century CE with the Moors and again with the Avignon papacy in the 14th century CE.
10. Made from grinding a seed of a dark-leaved evergreen tree that produces a warm, slightly sweet taste.. First found in eastern Indonesia, the spice came to India in the 6th century CE, then further west to Constantinople. By the 13th century, Arab traders had pinpointed the origin of nutmeg to the Indonesian islands, but kept this location a secret from European traders.
12. Another perennial herb, the French variety is one of the four "fines herbs" used in cooking. Has a flavor and odor profile reminiscent of anise. The French variety is sterile and can't be grown from seeds. It is grown by root division.
13. Greenish-grey leaves of a perennial evergreen shrub and a member of the mint family with a savory slightly peppery flavor. Native to the Mediterranean, the Romans referred to it as the "holy herb" and employed it in religious rituals. Charlemagne recommended the plant for cultivation in the early Middle Ages. Has long had a reputation for healing properties. "Le Menagier de Paris" (1393), in addition to recommending it in a cold soup and a sauce for poultry, recommends infusion of the leaves for washing hands at table.

Down

1. The fruit of a perennial woody flowering vine originally native to South or Southeast Asia. Known in Indian cooking since at least 2000 BCE. So valuable that it was used as collateral or currency in postclassical Europe. Alaric, king of the Visigoths, included 3,000 pounds of pepper as part of the ransom he demanded from Rome when he besieged the city in the fifth century. Its exorbitant price during the Middle Ages – and the monopoly on the trade held by Italy – was one of the inducements that led the Portuguese to seek a sea route to India.
4. Needles from an aromatic shrub native to the Mediterranean. First mentioned in a cuneiform stone tablet circa 5000 BCE. Its first appearance in England is unknown, though probably brought with the Romans when they invaded in the 1st century. The first recorded instance is credited to Charlemagne in the 8th century CE when he ordered it grown in monastic gardens and farms. Found in most herbal texts by the 14th century and widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes.
5. Aromatic flower buds of a tree. The word in this form first found in English in the 15th century CE from the Latin "clavus" meaning nail. Originally only found on the "Spice Islands" in eastern Indonesia, they have been found in a burned house in Syria dated to 1720 BCE and reached Rome in the 1st century CE.
7. A perennial herb with sweet pine and citrus flavors. Indigenous to the Mediterranean, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Levant. Known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as a symbol of happiness. The Greeks believed it was created by Aphrodite and the Romans believed increased lifespan. Used by Hippocrates as an antiseptic.
8. Inner bark from several tree species with a strong, spicy flavor. The word has been in English since the 15th century. Early Modern English used the word "canel", derived from the Latin for "tube". Imported to Egypt as early as 2000 BCE. The first Greek reference is in a poem by Sappho in the 7th century BCE. According to Pliny the Elder, a Roman pound's worth (11.5 oz) cost up to 1,500 denarii, the wage of fifty months' labour
11. The rootstalk of a flowering plant. First found in English in the mid-14th century and in Old English before that. Originally from Maritime Southeast Asia. A cultigen, meaning it has been deliberately bred and did not exist in a wild state. After making its way to India, it was written about in China as early as 475 BCE. it was carried by traders into the Middle East and Mediterranean by the 1st century CE. In 14th century England, a pound of this root cost as much as a sheep.

Across

1. fango fertile che rimaneva sul suolo terminata la stagione delle piogge e fertilizzava il terremo

Down

Across

2. - a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
4. - the branch of government that interprets the laws and administers justice.
5. - the later part of the Stone Age when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.
7. - the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.
9. - an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
11. - an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs.
12. - the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
14. - a group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.
16. - a monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular faces meeting at a point.
18. - a map that shows the physical features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.
20. - a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze.
22. - a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
23. - a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.
26. - the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
28. - a ruler in ancient Egypt.
35. - the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarding collectively.
38. - a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.
39. - the four main points on a compass: north, south, east, and west.
40. - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.
41. - the ratio of the distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
42. - a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
46. - the state of being in short supply.
51. - a gum, spice, or other substance that is burned for the sweet smell it produces.
54. - an expert in or student of astronomy.
55. - the amount of a commodity, product, or service available.
56. - the branch of science concerned with the fossilized remains of animals and plants.
58. - a glacial episode during a past geological period.
61. - inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
63. - a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
64. - a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
68. - an economic system based on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs.
69. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for government entities in the United States.
70. - enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing.
71. - the address of a web page on the internet.
72. powers - an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
74. - the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price.
76. - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
79. - the organized growing of food on a regular schedule.
81. - the branch of government that enforces the laws.
83. - the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
84. - a map that shows governmental boundaries of countries, states, and other administrative areas.
85. - a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.
86. - tame (an animal) and keep it as a pet or on a farm.
87. - the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
88. - a map designed to convey specific information about a particular topic.

Down

1. - a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing.
3. - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
6. - a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
8. - an original source that provides direct evidence on a subject.
10. - a system where people elect individuals to represent them in the decision-making process.
13. - the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
15. - relating to or characteristic of a scholar; learned, academic, or theoretical.
16. - to take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as one's own.
17. - a member of a people having no permanent abode and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.
19. - half of a sphere, especially the earth.
21. - the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
24. - a form of government with a monarch at the head.
25. - an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.
27. - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures.
29. - an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined by a government.
30. - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit.
31. - a large waterfall.
32. - a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
33. - exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money.
34. - the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
36. - a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
37. - a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.
43. - the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form.
44. - the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
45. - a source that interprets or analyzes an event, time period, or phenomenon.
47. - relating to the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.
48. - the movement of people or animals from one place to another.
49. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for educational institutions.
50. - a means of representing or delineating something.
52. - a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
53. - the branch of government that makes the laws.
55. - a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity or a sacred person or relic.
57. - send goods or services to another country for sale.
59. - counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated.
60. - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and physical remains.
62. - fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
65. - the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
66. - a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.
67. - bring goods or services into a country from abroad for sale.
69. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is commonly used by non-profit organizations.
73. - the belief in or worship of more than one god.
75. - preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices and now with chemicals.
77. - a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something.
78. - an amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
80. - a type of cloth or woven fabric.
82. - a city that is the seat of government; an amount of money or assets used to start or develop a business.

Across

1. - a map that shows the physical features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.
6. - enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing.
7. - half of a sphere, especially the earth.
11. - a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze.
13. - the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
14. - an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
15. - the later part of the Stone Age when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.
16. - to take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as one's own.
18. - the movement of people or animals from one place to another.
20. - fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
22. - an economic system based on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs.
23. - a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.
25. - an original source that provides direct evidence on a subject.
26. - a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.
27. - relating to the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.
30. - a gum, spice, or other substance that is burned for the sweet smell it produces.
31. - a ruler in ancient Egypt.
35. - inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
39. - a system where people elect individuals to represent them in the decision-making process.
41. - the address of a web page on the internet.
42. - a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity or a sacred person or relic.
43. - a map that shows governmental boundaries of countries, states, and other administrative areas.
47. - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures.
50. - an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs.
51. - a city that is the seat of government; an amount of money or assets used to start or develop a business.
52. - the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
54. - the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
55. - the branch of government that makes the laws.
57. - an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.
63. - a source that interprets or analyzes an event, time period, or phenomenon.
67. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for government entities in the United States.
69. - a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
70. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is commonly used by non-profit organizations.
72. - the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarding collectively.
75. - a glacial episode during a past geological period.
76. - the organized growing of food on a regular schedule.
83. - the branch of government that interprets the laws and administers justice.
84. - a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
85. - a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
86. - counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated.
87. - the ratio of the distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground.

Down

2. - the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.
3. - a monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular faces meeting at a point.
4. - the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
5. - a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
8. - a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
9. - a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.
10. - the belief in or worship of more than one god.
12. - a form of government with a monarch at the head.
17. - the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
19. - the branch of science concerned with the fossilized remains of animals and plants.
20. - an amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
21. - the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
24. - the branch of government that enforces the laws.
26. - the four main points on a compass: north, south, east, and west.
28. - send goods or services to another country for sale.
29. - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit.
32. - preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices and now with chemicals.
33. - the amount of a commodity, product, or service available.
34. - a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something.
36. - the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form.
37. - a means of representing or delineating something.
38. - a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
40. - a member of a people having no permanent abode and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.
43. - a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing.
44. - bring goods or services into a country from abroad for sale.
45. - relating to or characteristic of a scholar; learned, academic, or theoretical.
46. - an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined by a government.
48. - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
49. - the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
53. - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and physical remains.
56. - a type of cloth or woven fabric.
57. - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
58. - the state of being in short supply.
59. - the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
60. - a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.
61. - a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
62. - a map designed to convey specific information about a particular topic.
64. - exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money.
65. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for educational institutions.
66. - the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
68. - tame (an animal) and keep it as a pet or on a farm.
71. - an expert in or student of astronomy.
73. - a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
74. - a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
77. - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.
78. - an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
79. - a group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.
80. - the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price.
81. - a large waterfall.
82. - a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.

Across

1. ciudad donde se hicieron los primeros trabajos de ingenieria
3. espacio que protege al acero dentro del concreto
7. edificios de gran altura
13. sistema construcción en el que el diseño del proyecto y la ejecución se realizan de manera casi paralela
15. carrera que elabora diferentes tipos de estructuras
17. propiedad tecnológica de un material que se puede deformar plásticamente sin romperse
20. estimación de cuánto costará realizar un proyecto de construcción
21. construyeron la ciudad de tenochtitlán
22. material que reduce la tubería de entrada, a una tubería con menor medida en su salida
25. estructura que sirve para desviar el agua hacia los canales
26. tipo de concreto que se prepara en planta o en camiones mezcladores, para después ser transportado a la obra
27. superestructura que se apoya sobre la sub-base de una carretera
28. herramienta que complementa el trabajo de la estación total
34. estructura que protege el talud del rio cuando el caudal aumenta
35. propiedad que hace posible que el concreto soporte la carga que va a ir encima de él
36. certificado que se les da a edificios sostenibles
38. Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales
42. es el representante técnico del Contratista en la obra y es el encargado de la planificación, ejecución de la obra y de las actividades de control
43. instrumento que proporciona la ubicación global para iniciar un levantamiento topografico
45. rama de la geologia que se usa en la ingenieria civil
46. son subestructuras profundas
48. proceso de cuantificación o cálculo por partidas de la cantidad a ejecutar
50. material que esta dentro del concreto armado
51. vaciado de concreto pobre que protege a las zapatas
54. propiedad física que mide el peso por unidad de volumen de un material.
58. normas en las que se basaron para la clasificación del cemento
60. Certificado de Inexistencia de Restos Arqueológicos
61. norma que clasifica a los hospitales
63. proceso que se caracteriza por la pérdida de las propiedades del acero
64. tipo de concreto que tiene armadura de refuerzo para obtener mayor resistencia en las edificaciones
67. estructura provisional para realizar trabajos en altura
72. propiedad mecánica que hace que los materiales sufran deformaciones reversibles por la acción de las fuerzas exteriores que actúan sobre ellos
74. es el cambio significativo de un parametro ambiental en un periodo especifico y en un area definida como resultado de una actividad particular
77. material que se usa para el curado del concreto
80. cuidad que descubrió el cemento
81. tipo de carga que considera el peso de los objetos movibles y personas
85. instituto regional de oftalmología
87. Determina la granulometría del suelo
88. camión utilizado para transportar concreto premezclado desde la planta hasta el sitio del proyecto
90. material permite que el cemento desarrolle su capacidad ligante
92. ciencia geográfica que estudia el agua, su ocurrencia, distribución, circulación, y propiedades físicas, químicas y mecánicas en los océanos, atmósfera y superficie terrestre
93. estructura que permite evacuar en forma organizada los excesos de agua durante crecientes, evitando una excesiva elevación del nivel máximo del agua en el embalse
94. famoso ingeniero florentino
95. energía que aprovecha el movimiento del agua para generar energía
96. sirve para la estabilización de taludes
97. Guía de los fundamentos para la dirección de proyectos
98. estructura que tiene la función de conducir el agua desde la captación hasta el campo

Down

2. ciudadela peruana considerada como una de las 7 maravillas del mundo
4. tipo de instalación que usa tuberías para la conducir el cableado eléctrico
5. herramienta para ubicar el norte
6. mezcla homogénea de cemento, agua, arena y grava y en algunos casos de aditivos
8. ciencia fundad por Karl von Terzaghi
9. equipo usado en la topografía para hacer levantamientos y replanteo
10. etapa del ciclo geologico que forma relieves
11. tipo de concreto que no tiene armadura de refuerzo
12. rama de la geología que me da la capacidad portante del suelo
14. Las fuerzas externas actúan tratando de "estirar" el cuerpo, intentando producir un alargamiento del mismo
16. característica del concreto con la que puede ser mezclado, manejado, transportado, colocado, compactado y terminado sin que pierda su homogeneidad
18. Las fuerzas externas tratan de "comprimir" el cuerpo, actuando hacia el interior del mismo en la misma dirección y sentidos contrarios.
19. aglutinante que se mescla con agregados finos, gruesos, gravilla, etc
23. tipo de ensayo que no altera las propiedades de un material
24. herramienta para trasladar materiales en una obra pequeña
29. tipo de carga que se refiere al peso de los elementos estructurales
30. Mezcladora de concreto diseñada para obras de construcción pequeñas
31. tipo de esfuerzo que presenta un elemento estructural alargado en una dirección perpendicular a su eje longitudinal
32. técnica para moldear el concreto por medio de madera
33. diseño la piramide escalonada de Saqqara
37. elementos de protección personal
39. tipo de concreto que se puede colar y consolidar por su propio peso, desplazándose en el interior de todo el encofrado
40. Camino para el tránsito de vehículos motorizados de por lo menos dos ejes
41. ciencia que estudia la estructura de la Tierra y las rocas
43. rama de la geología que estudia las propiedades físicas de la Tierra
44. software que representa superficies, traza alineamientos, saca perfiles y secciones
47. software comercial que se basa en el Método de los Elementos Finitos
49. proceso para crear una representación tridimensional de un proyecto de construcción propuesto
52. sistema de construcción que reduce esfuerzos, tiempo y materiales innecesarios
53. Es la representación matemática de la estructura de costos de un presupuesto y está constituida por la sumatoria de monomios
55. programa para costos y presupuestos desarrollado por peruanos
56. la torre de pisa esta
57. es una metodología de trabajo colaborativa para la creación y gestión de un proyecto de construcción.
59. esfuerzo circular que se da en un elemento, cuando se aplica sobre este un momento torsor alrededor del eje
62. gestión de riesgos en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional
65. capacidad del concreto para resistir acciones físicas, químicas, biológicas y climáticas
66. herramienta que complementa el trabajo de un nivel de ingeniero
68. propiedad física que determina la capacidad de un material para acumular calor
69. tipo de instalación que usa tuberías con respecto a agua fría, caliente, desagües, etc
70. rama de la ingeniería civil que se ocupa de la proyección y ejecución de obras relacionadas con el agua
71. superficie inclinada en terreno o elementos de concreto
72. ingeniería que se encarga del cálculo y diseño de un proyecto
73. elemento vertical que es una superestructura
75. construida por por Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
76. presa ubicada sobre el rio de parana
78. Propiedad tecnológica de un material de unirse a través de un proceso de soldadura sin presentar daños.
79. tipo de ensayo que altera las propiedades de un material
82. determina las posiciones de puntos, calcula superficies, volúmenes y la representación de medidas tomadas en el campo
83. Sitio de donde se sacan rocas industriales, ornamentales o áridos
84. material de plastico resistente que sirve para el cambio de direccion con un angulo de 90°
86. estructura hidráulica de contención que permite conseguir niveles de inundación previstos, el embalsamiento de las aguas y la estabilización de cauces
89. material que sirve para la construcción de muros
91. tipo de concreto simple pero compuesto por grandes piedras o bloques y no contiene armadura

Across

3. - the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
7. - a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.
8. - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures.
11. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for educational institutions.
13. - a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze.
14. - a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
15. - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit.
18. - a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
21. - an original source that provides direct evidence on a subject.
25. - the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
26. - a large waterfall.
27. - the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
28. - a source that interprets or analyzes an event, time period, or phenomenon.
30. - a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
32. - a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.
33. - exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money.
34. - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
35. - the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form.
36. - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and physical remains.
38. - a map that shows the physical features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.
40. - the amount of a commodity, product, or service available.
41. - to take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as one's own.
46. - an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs.
47. - a glacial episode during a past geological period.
48. - the branch of government that interprets the laws and administers justice.
51. - the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
55. - a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
56. - a means of representing or delineating something.
58. - the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarding collectively.
59. - a system where people elect individuals to represent them in the decision-making process.
61. - a form of government with a monarch at the head.
63. - an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
64. - a type of cloth or woven fabric.
66. - a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
67. - a ruler in ancient Egypt.
69. - a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.
70. - an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined by a government.
72. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is commonly used by non-profit organizations.
73. - the belief in or worship of more than one god.
74. - the address of a web page on the internet.
75. - an economic system based on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs.
78. - a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
79. - a group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.
81. - a map that shows governmental boundaries of countries, states, and other administrative areas.
83. - relating to or characteristic of a scholar; learned, academic, or theoretical.
84. - an amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
85. - the organized growing of food on a regular schedule.
86. - the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.
87. - relating to the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.
88. - the later part of the Stone Age when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Down

1. - the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price.
2. - counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated.
4. - the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
5. - enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing.
6. - preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices and now with chemicals.
9. - a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
10. - a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something.
12. - bring goods or services into a country from abroad for sale.
16. - an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
17. - the movement of people or animals from one place to another.
19. - the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
20. - an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.
22. - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.
23. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for government entities in the United States.
24. - inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
29. - a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.
31. - the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
34. - the ratio of the distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
37. - send goods or services to another country for sale.
39. - half of a sphere, especially the earth.
42. - the branch of government that enforces the laws.
43. - the state of being in short supply.
44. - a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
45. - a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity or a sacred person or relic.
49. - tame (an animal) and keep it as a pet or on a farm.
50. - the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
52. - a monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular faces meeting at a point.
53. - the branch of government that makes the laws.
54. - a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
55. - the four main points on a compass: north, south, east, and west.
57. - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
60. - the branch of science concerned with the fossilized remains of animals and plants.
62. - a map designed to convey specific information about a particular topic.
65. - a gum, spice, or other substance that is burned for the sweet smell it produces.
67. - a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing.
68. - a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.
71. - fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
76. - an expert in or student of astronomy.
77. - a member of a people having no permanent abode and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.
80. - a city that is the seat of government; an amount of money or assets used to start or develop a business.
82. - the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.

Across

3. The possibility of change that results from people living together in cities.
7. The urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs.
11. The internal physical attributes of a place, including its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting.
12. The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low‐income inner‐city residents.
14. A relatively small, egalitarian village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture. Starting over 10,000 years ago, people began to cluster in agricultural villages as they stayed in one place to tend their crops.
16. One of two components, together with social stratification, that enable the formation of cities; agricultural production in excess of that which the producer needs for his or her own sustenance and that of his or her family and which is then sold for consumption by others.
18. The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.
19. The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.
20. Unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
22. Areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services; driven primarily by the global media industry.
23. The innovation of the city, which occurred independently in five separate hearths.
25. The entire built‐up, nonrural area and its population, including the most recently constructed suburban appendages. Provides a better picture of the dimensions and population of such an area than the delimited municipality (central city) that forms its heart.
28. Area of a city with a relatively uniform land use (e.g. an industrial zone, or a residential zone).
29. One of two components, together with agricultural surplus, which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige.
35. The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions (Sunbelt) of the United States.
39. In ancient Greece, public spaces where citizens debated, lectured, judged each other, planned military campaigns, socialized, and traded.
40. The downtown heart of a central city, marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.
41. In the context of local cultures or customs, the accuracy with which a single stereotypical or typecast image or experience conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture or its customs.
42. Chronologically, the third urban hearth, dating to 2200 BCE.
43. an early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuses.

Down

1. Region of great cities (e.g. Ur and Babylon) located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; chronologically the first urban hearth, dating to 3500 BCE, and which was founded in the Fertile Crescent.
2. Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting outmigration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties.
4. Chronologically the fifth urban hearth, dating to 200 BCE.
5. holds that in a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
6. Homes referred to as such because of their “super size” and similarity in appearance to other such homes; homes often built in place of tear‐downs in American suburbs.
8. cities with 10 million or more residents.
9. Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.
10. Group of decision‐makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others.
13. Chronologically, the fourth urban hearth
15. Homes bought in many American suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes often referred to as McMansions.
17. The study of the physical form and structure of urban places.
21. Literally “high point of the city.” The upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city, usually devoted to religious purposes.
23. The focal point of ancient Roman life combining the functions of the ancient Greek acropolis and agora.
24. Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
26. The division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing).
27. Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high‐income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle‐class phenomenon.
28. Legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the United States, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail, or industrial use.
30. Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.
31. The external locational attributes of a place; its relative location or regional position with reference to other nonlocal places.
32. A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, redlining is officially illegal.
33. Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product (GNP); as opposed to a formal economy.
34. Chronologically the second urban hearth, dating to 3200 BCE.
35. Movement of upper‐ and middle‐class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.
36. A term introduced by American journalist Joel Garreau in order to describe the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States away from the Central Business District (CBD) toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe. These cities are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas, and modern buildings (less than 30 years old).
37. A country's largest city—ranking atop the urban hierarchy—most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well.
38. Developed by geographer T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land‐use patterns among the medium‐sized cities of Southeast Asia.

Across

2. purpose map - a map designed to convey specific information about a particular topic.
5. - the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
7. - the amount of a commodity, product, or service available.
10. and balances - counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated.
13. - the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
14. - a qualification, achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something.
16. - a gum, spice, or other substance that is burned for the sweet smell it produces.
17. - exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money.
22. - the address of a web page on the internet.
23. branch - the branch of government that enforces the laws.
25. - a group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.
27. - a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.
31. - send goods or services to another country for sale.
33. - the ratio of the distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
36. - the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.
38. directions - the four main points on a compass: north, south, east, and west.
39. - a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
40. - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
42. - a member of a people having no permanent abode and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.
43. agriculture - the organized growing of food on a regular schedule.
45. - a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity or a sacred person or relic.
50. - half of a sphere, especially the earth.
52. - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit.
53. - an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
54. - a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
55. - bring goods or services into a country from abroad for sale.
57. age - a glacial episode during a past geological period.
58. - the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
59. - the movement of people or animals from one place to another.
60. - a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
61. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is commonly used by non-profit organizations.
62. - a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
65. cost - the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
66. - a form of government with a monarch at the head.
67. - relating to or characteristic of a scholar; learned, academic, or theoretical.
69. - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.
70. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for government entities in the United States.
73. - a ruler in ancient Egypt.
74. - preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices and now with chemicals.
75. - a type of cloth or woven fabric.
77. Age - a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze.
79. - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures.
80. - a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing.
82. - relating to the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.
84. - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and physical remains.
85. - a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
86. of view - a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.
87. - the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarding collectively.
88. - the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
89. - a top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the internet that is reserved for educational institutions.

Down

1. - the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
3. - a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.
4. - enigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing.
6. map - a map that shows governmental boundaries of countries, states, and other administrative areas.
8. map - a map that shows the physical features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.
9. - an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs.
11. - fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
12. - a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
15. - a large waterfall.
18. - the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
19. - a monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular faces meeting at a point.
20. - a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.
21. - the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price.
24. - the state of being in short supply.
26. government - a system where people elect individuals to represent them in the decision-making process.
28. - a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
29. system - a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
30. source - an original source that provides direct evidence on a subject.
32. branch - the branch of government that makes the laws.
34. - an expert in or student of astronomy.
35. - the belief in or worship of more than one god.
37. - the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
41. - a means of representing or delineating something.
44. - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
46. - the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
47. branch - the branch of government that interprets the laws and administers justice.
48. economy - an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined by a government.
49. Age - the later part of the Stone Age when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.
51. - the branch of science concerned with the fossilized remains of animals and plants.
56. - inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
63. economy - an economic system based on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs.
64. - a city that is the seat of government; an amount of money or assets used to start or develop a business.
68. - tame (an animal) and keep it as a pet or on a farm.
69. - a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
71. - a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.
72. of powers - an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
73. - to take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as one's own.
76. source - a source that interprets or analyzes an event, time period, or phenomenon.
78. - an amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
81. - the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form.
83. - an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.

Across

2. these are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
6. Many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor legislation, and traffic accidents which are mostly attributed to human errors.
7. Early man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens. More so today, manpower is important in transportation in many parts of the world.
12. characterized by the gradual increasing of traffic users in a given portion of the highway or traffic way.
14. It was formerly used in war and still employed to some extent for ceremonial processions and big game hunting. In Burma and Thailand, these huge animals are widely used in the lumber industry.
19. events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
20. The domestication of animals greatly increased the potential power available for transportation.
21. These were first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of Christian era. In the Altai Mountains, they were ridden in saddles. Elsewhere, they draw sledges somewhat like the dog sledges of the Far North.
23. The moving of heavy burdens was place them on sledge which rested on a series of rollers.
24. high capacity urban roads that direct traffic from collector roads to free ways
26. First domesticated in Middle East. The donkey is still the chief beast of burden among farmers of the Near East, Mediterranean Area and Mexico, where it was introduced from Spain.
28. Oftentimes motor vehicles are stalled in traffic ways because of unrepaired diggings, cracks on road pavement or unfinished road pavement concreting.
31. the first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads. In the Far North, the dogs team drawing sledges are the chief means of transportation; and in the parts of Europe, the dogs are used to draw small carts.
34. a cart with two wheels and boarded sides, it was drawn by oxen or bullocks and was mainly used by the Roman armies for the transportation of their baggage and supplies.
35. these are road /streets interconnecting provinces and/or cities.
36. Man first used the power of his own feet in travelling while a load is either carried or dragged. Coincidentally, the English word “pedestrian” was coined from the Latin word “pedester” which means to travel by foot.
38. was used by ancient Roman farmers as a traveling vehicle for themselves and their families.
39. commonly used by women when travelling and was borne by two mules, one before and one behind each hitched to a separate pair of shafts.
42. Around 2000 B.C. horse drawn chariots appeared in southwest Asia and 1000 years later, the Persian arrived with cavalry Genghis Khan. In Europe, horses were used to draw wheeled vehicles and for riding for sometimes until introduction of mechanized vehicles.
43. vehicles could not use the narrows paths and trails used by animals so early roads were built to accommodate the larger transportation vehicles
44. In China and other parts of the Far East, the carrying pole, balanced on one shoulder is a popular carrying device. On islands of the Pacific, the ends of the pole are supported by two men, with goods suspended from the pole in between.
45. had two wheels and room for two persons. It also has a box or case beneath the seat, where small baggage can be carried in. Two or three horses or mules were used to draw this and because of the lightness of this carriage this is especially suitable for rapid travels.
47. This vehicle had four wheels, with the front ones smaller than the two behind. This had a cover and was drawn by two to four horses or mules.
49. This is characterized by ineffective mechanical control devices, inefficient traffic officers, and poor implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
50. a state or condition of severe road congestion arising when continuous queues of vehicle block an entire network of intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to complete standstill.
51. a covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.

Down

1. used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides
3. it refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
4. these are road/ streets interconnecting municipalities and/or cities within a province
5. these are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
8. these are condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and characterized by lower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing.
9. In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
10. A simple sledge, probably man drawn, was in use at the end of the Old Stone Age in northern Europe, as evidenced by fragments of wooden runners which survived.
11. commodious vehicle of Gallic origin and had four wheels, this was used by a man when he traveled with his family because this has sufficient room for several persons together with their luggage.
13. This is characterized by lack of roads, narrow bridges, railroad crossings, lack of traffic facilities...etc
15. This travois, as a pole arrangement called, serves as a platform on which burdens are placed. The platform or crossed-beam poles are then dragged by humans or animals.
16. usually employed for heavy burdens but were also used for travelling.
17. There are two kinds of camel, the two-humped Bactrian camel of Central Asia and the one-humped dromedary of Arabia have long been used for transport. It is also used to draw carts. The dromedary which has less endurance but it, fleeter and special fast-paced riding camel, is bred by the Arab nomads.
18. was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
22. also known as collector road or distributor road which connects low to moderate highways or roads to arterial highways such as those entering to residential properties.
25. these are road /streets interconnecting barangays within a municipality
27. This four wheeled conveyance is made of wicker work and was of Gallic origin. A benna can accommodate several persons when travelling.
29. Which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used as draft animals to draw war chariots. Oxen are still used as draft animals in many regions of the world. In some parts of Africa, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
30. these are road /streets located within a barangay which connect sitios or places within a barangay.
32. In many parts of the world, goods are carried on the back. In Subtemala, pots are carried on a wooden framework supported by a tumpline across the forehead. In the Andes, the load is held on the back by strap passing over the chest.
33. it means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic
37. was a small conveyance that is large enough for only one person.
40. a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
41. It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses
45. these are road/streets interconnecting barangays with a municipality
46. it refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.
48. these are situations in highways in which the movement of traffic users (motor vehicles or pedestrians) is very slow or stationary.

Across

1. commonly used by women when travelling and was borne by two mules, one before and one behind each hitched to a separate pair of shafts.
4. This is characterized by lack of roads, narrow bridges, railroad crossings, lack of traffic facilities...etc
6. a covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.
11. had two wheels and room for two persons. It also has a box or case beneath the seat, where small baggage can be carried in. Two or three horses or mules were used to draw this and because of the lightness of this carriage this is especially suitable for rapid travels.
12. Many traffic congestions are caused by slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officer’s error, poor planning, poor legislation, and traffic accidents which are mostly attributed to human errors.
16. A simple sledge, probably man drawn, was in use at the end of the Old Stone Age in northern Europe, as evidenced by fragments of wooden runners which survived.
18. was used by ancient Roman farmers as a traveling vehicle for themselves and their families.
19. high capacity urban roads that direct traffic from collector roads to free ways
20. also known as collector road or distributor road which connects low to moderate highways or roads to arterial highways such as those entering to residential properties.
21. these are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
22. The domestication of animals greatly increased the potential power available for transportation.
24. a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
26. The moving of heavy burdens was place them on sledge which rested on a series of rollers.
27. This vehicle had four wheels, with the front ones smaller than the two behind. This had a cover and was drawn by two to four horses or mules.
30. Man first used the power of his own feet in travelling while a load is either carried or dragged. Coincidentally, the English word “pedestrian” was coined from the Latin word “pedester” which means to travel by foot.
32. In China and other parts of the Far East, the carrying pole, balanced on one shoulder is a popular carrying device. On islands of the Pacific, the ends of the pole are supported by two men, with goods suspended from the pole in between.
33. Oftentimes motor vehicles are stalled in traffic ways because of unrepaired diggings, cracks on road pavement or unfinished road pavement concreting.
36. This travois, as a pole arrangement called, serves as a platform on which burdens are placed. The platform or crossed-beam poles are then dragged by humans or animals.
39. These were first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of Christian era. In the Altai Mountains, they were ridden in saddles. Elsewhere, they draw sledges somewhat like the dog sledges of the Far North.
41. these are road/ streets interconnecting municipalities and/or cities within a province
42. was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
44. This four wheeled conveyance is made of wicker work and was of Gallic origin. A benna can accommodate several persons when travelling.
45. It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses
48. these are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
49. it means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic
50. In many parts of the world, goods are carried on the back. In Subtemala, pots are carried on a wooden framework supported by a tumpline across the forehead. In the Andes, the load is held on the back by strap passing over the chest.
51. First domesticated in Middle East. The donkey is still the chief beast of burden among farmers of the Near East, Mediterranean Area and Mexico, where it was introduced from Spain.
52. it refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.

Down

2. was a small conveyance that is large enough for only one person.
3. these are road /streets interconnecting provinces and/or cities.
5. usually employed for heavy burdens but were also used for travelling.
7. used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides
8. these are road/streets interconnecting barangays with a municipality
9. There are two kinds of camel, the two-humped Bactrian camel of Central Asia and the one-humped dromedary of Arabia have long been used for transport. It is also used to draw carts. The dromedary which has less endurance but it, fleeter and special fast-paced riding camel, is bred by the Arab nomads.
10. these are condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and characterized by lower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing.
13. This is characterized by ineffective mechanical control devices, inefficient traffic officers, and poor implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
14. In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
15. a state or condition of severe road congestion arising when continuous queues of vehicle block an entire network of intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to complete standstill.
17. it refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
23. commodious vehicle of Gallic origin and had four wheels, this was used by a man when he traveled with his family because this has sufficient room for several persons together with their luggage.
25. these are road /streets interconnecting barangays within a municipality
28. Which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used as draft animals to draw war chariots. Oxen are still used as draft animals in many regions of the world. In some parts of Africa, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
29. a cart with two wheels and boarded sides, it was drawn by oxen or bullocks and was mainly used by the Roman armies for the transportation of their baggage and supplies.
31. the first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads. In the Far North, the dogs team drawing sledges are the chief means of transportation; and in the parts of Europe, the dogs are used to draw small carts.
34. these are situations in highways in which the movement of traffic users (motor vehicles or pedestrians) is very slow or stationary.
35. vehicles could not use the narrows paths and trails used by animals so early roads were built to accommodate the larger transportation vehicles
37. Around 2000 B.C. horse drawn chariots appeared in southwest Asia and 1000 years later, the Persian arrived with cavalry Genghis Khan. In Europe, horses were used to draw wheeled vehicles and for riding for sometimes until introduction of mechanized vehicles.
38. characterized by the gradual increasing of traffic users in a given portion of the highway or traffic way.
40. these are road /streets located within a barangay which connect sitios or places within a barangay.
43. It was formerly used in war and still employed to some extent for ceremonial processions and big game hunting. In Burma and Thailand, these huge animals are widely used in the lumber industry.
46. events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
47. Early man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens. More so today, manpower is important in transportation in many parts of the world.

Across

2. -It was commonly used by women when travelling and was borne by two mules, one before and one behind each hitched to a separate pair of shafts.
4. -Any building in which two or more vehicles, either with or without drivers, are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall not include street stands, public service stations, or other public places designated by proper authority as parking spaces for motor vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
5. -It had two wheels and room for two persons. It also has a box or case beneath the seat, where small baggage can be carried in. Two or three horses or mules were used to draw this and because of the lightness of this carriage this is especially suitable for rapid travels.
8. -A foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure or culture.
10. -The actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, in whose name such vehicle is duly registered with the LTO.
12. -These are incidents or instances of one moving traffic unit or person striking violently against another.
14. -It was a sacred vehicle elaborately ornamented with ivory and silver. This had either two or four wheels and was drawn by four horses or as in this illustration by elephants.
15. -Shall mean that a motor vehicle is parked or parking if it has been brought to stop on the shoulder or proper edges of highway, and remain inactive in that place or closed there for an appreciable period of time.
16. -This was first domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used as draft animals to draw war chariots and are still used as draft animals in many regions of the world. In some parts of Africa, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
20. -In pre-Columbian America, it was the only new world animal other than the dog capable of domestication for use in transport.
23. -This vehicle had four wheels, with the front ones smaller than the two behind. This had a cover and was drawn by two to four horses or mules.
25. -Around 2000 B.C. it drawn chariots appeared in southwest Asia and 1000 years later, the Persian arrived with cavalry Genghis Khan. In Europe, they were used to draw wheeled vehicles and for riding for sometimes until introduction of mechanized vehicles.
27. -First domesticated in Middle East. It is still the chief beast of burden among farmers of the Near East, Mediterranean Area and Mexico, where it was introduced from Spain.
29. -It is a highway that has limited entrances.
30. -These are issued to foreign diplomats and consuls assigned in the Philippines.
32. -This four wheeled conveyance is made of wicker work and was of Gallic origin. A benna can accommodate several persons when travelling.
34. -These were first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of Christian era. In the Altai Mountains, they were ridden in saddles. Elsewhere, they draw sledges somewhat like the dog sledges of the Far North.
35. -It was used by ancient Roman farmers as a traveling vehicle for themselves and their families.
36. -It is a state or condition of severe road congestion arising when continuous queues of vehicle block an entire network of intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to complete standstill.
38. -It means an entire width between the boundary lines of every way dedicated to a public authority when any part of the way is open to the use of the public for purpose of vehicular traffic.
39. -It had four wheels, a cover and was generally drawn by two or more horses.
41. -It is an area of a roadway created when two or more roadways join together at any angle.
44. -They are responsible primarily for the direct enforcement of traffic laws, rules and regulations. They also perform other functions such as conducting of information dissemination campaign, submitting traffic scheme proposals, and other functions as need arises.
45. -A covered carriage with two wheels, had seats for two or three and was usually drawn by two mules, horses or even oxen.
48. -This method places the student into real life of driving situations from the beginnning.

Down

1. -These are narrow points or areas in highways where traffic congestions or traffic jams usually occur or traffic may be held up.
3. -It refers to the movement of persons, goods, or vehicles, either powered by combustion system or animal drawn, from one place to another for purpose of travel. TRAFFIC
4. -These are motor vehicles owned by government offices and are used for official purposes only.
6. -It refers to the paved walkway along the side of the street.
7. -This serves as a platform on which burdens are placed. The platform or crossed-beam poles are then dragged by humans or animals.
9. -The first animal domesticated, is to slight to carry heavy loads. In the Far North, these team drawing sledges are the chief means of transportation; and in the parts of Europe, these are used to draw small carts.
11. -It refers to reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads, achieved through multidisciplinary approaches involving road engineering and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle design.
13. -It refers to the side of the roadway, especially along highways.
17. -This is a mass publicity aimed to make road users behave more safely. These basically focus on public information attitudes, and particular or specific behaviors by need to be persuaded into adopting it. Known as road propaganda which may be intended simply to inform.
18. -These are events or incidents which may cause unintentional damage to property, loss of limbs and/or death.
19. -This commodious vehicle of Gallic origin and had four wheels, this was used by a man when he traveled with his family because this has sufficient room for several persons together with their luggage
21. -It is a part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
22. -Every person, association, partnership, or corporation making, manufacturing, constructing assembling, remodeling, or setting up motor vehicles; and every such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more makes, styles or kinds of motor vehicle, dealing in motor vehicles, keeping the same stock, or selling the same or handling with the view to trading same.
24. -This is the main executive department which is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of traffic facilities particularly those categorized as national highways and other major road arteries.
26. -They are the MAJOR road builders and they built 50, 000 miles or 80,000 kms. Roads with feeder roads.
27. -Shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle.
28. -A cart with two wheels and boarded sides, it was drawn by oxen or bullocks and was mainly used by the Roman armies for the transportation of their baggage and supplies.
31. -These are motor vehicles used for personal use of their owners.
33. -It was formerly used in war and still employed to some extent for ceremonial processions and big game hunting. In Burma and Thailand, these huge animals are widely used in the lumber industry. ELEPHANT
37. -There are two kinds of it, the two-humped Bactrian of Central Asia and the one-humped dromedary of Arabia have long been used for transport. It is also used to draw carts. The dromedary which has less endurance but it, fleeter and special fast-paced riding , is bred by the Arab nomads.
40. -He introduced the first fast mail coach in March 1785 and by 1800, the English Coach system was in full swing.
42. -It was used chiefly by women of the upper classes. It was furnished with cushions, had a covered top, but open sides.
43. -It is the theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of life energy and mood states.
46. -One of the GREATEST INVENTION of man- it carry burdens and loads beyond the capacity of man and animals.
47. -It was a small conveyance that is large enough for only one person.

Across

3. middle eastern nation in conflict with israel
4. the spiritual universe as the abode of God and of the totality of the divine powers and emanations
6. pyramidal stepped temple tower built in ancient mesopotamia
10. artificial grass commonly used for athletic fields
14. the essence or substance (ousia) of the Christian God
16. in navajo culture, a type of harmful witch who has the ability to turn into, possess, or disguise themselves as an animal
17. person which is unskilled with both hands
18. the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications
19. a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer
21. 17th century expression meaning "gods hooks"
23. being or object which is created through spiritual or mental powers.
24. geographical peninsula comprising the Scandinavian and Kola Peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia
25. the protagonist of the game Donkey Kong 3
27. a technology standard for the consistent representation of text
28. alignment between 3 celestial bodies
30. the search for and study of animals whose existence or survival is disputed or unsubstantiated
33. the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse
35. name for the God of the Israelites
40. geometric figure with nine points
42. a person living in solitude as a religious discipline
44. last name of the last president from the founding fathers of the united states
45. an alternative spelling for "fish"
47. an urban legend concerning a fictitious 1981 arcade game
48. a free and open-source software for enabling anonymous communication
49. a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true
51. the most used word in the english language
55. a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject
60. gospel and hip-hop album by rapper kanye west
61. japanese word for non-asian foreigners in japan
63. gnostic creator of the material world
64. junction of two rivers
67. a person or thing that is doomed or cannot be saved
68. snake or dragon eating its own tail
70. a group of computers or other devices interconnected within a single, limited area
72. acid rain and air pollution arising from steam explosions and large plume clouds
73. supposed name of a reptilian female who conducted experiments on humans
75. standard keyboard layout for latin script
76. bible book written by one of the 12 minor prophets, who lived in the Assyrian Period
77. a system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure
78. a female domestic servant
79. roman military unity formed by around 80 legionaries
80. a large gray rain cloud
82. the designation given to people who have won a grammy, tony, emmy and an oscar award
83. a typical example or pattern of something, a model.
84. a destructive fungal disease of apple and other trees that results in damage to the bark
89. book of magic spells and invocations
90. term used to describe a process of existence and growth that does not come from a single central point of origin
92. Latin term referring to the evocation of demons or evil spirits
94. a cosmic entity resembling an octopus, created by H. P. Lovecraft
95. a warning cry given before throwing dirty water from a window.
97. practice, as distinguished from theory
100. desert commonly known as the driest place in the world
101. regarded as the southernmost peoples in the world
103. software or hardware that has been advertised but is not yet available to buy
104. country with the most welsh speakers
106. Low-budget, poor-quality games, commonly associated with the nintendo wii
108. an idealized place of great or idyllic magnificence and beauty
110. race of cat-like bipedal aliens said to inhabit the lyra constellation
111. a large metal pot with a lid and handle
112. the result of collision between two landmasses
114. still photograph in which a minor and repeated movement occurs
115. branch of theology concerned with the end times
117. chicken breed known for its completely dark coloration
118. complete or partial loss of the sense of smell
121. also known as water bears or moss piglets
122. simultaneous occurrence of events which appear significantly
123. a humorous genre of poetry popularized by Edward Lear.
125. four-dimensional polytope
126. nintendo switch exploit
127. a term used in spiritualism to denote a substance or spiritual energy "exteriorized" by physical mediums
128. the study and nomenclature of large numbers
129. a branch of metaphysics concerned with the study of mind and intellect
130. the fat of sea mammals, especially whales and seals

Down

1. central religious text of Islam
2. a racetrack that is greater than two miles
3. branch of philosophy that deals with an imaginary realm additional to metaphysics.
5. an infinite skew polyhedron consisting of nonplanar faces or nonplanar vertex figures
7. recurring enemy in the mario franchise
8. considered japans greatest blacksmith
9. a hypertext document on the World Wide Web
11. to crouch, bend
12. 20th letter in the greek alphabet
13. a compact instrument used to observe and calculate the position of celestial bodies
15. a guiding or warning light or fire on a high place
20. the covering of a plane using one or more geometric shapes
22. sailing or power vessel commonly used by wealthy individuals
23. a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve around a line
26. island country mostly known for its top level domain, "tv"
29. the founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii
31. to move or proceed in a brisk, easy, or playful manner
32. same as danger or risk
34. the inability to voluntarily create a mental picture in your head
36. beer or other alcoholic drink brewed at home
37. the capital of yugoslavia
38. severe flooding
39. feathered-Serpent deity of ancient Mesoamerican culture
41. irish mythological creature
43. a Japanese horror manga series written and illustrated by Junji Ito
46. term used to describe the way in which ideas grow like trees, which can be traced back to an initial point of origin
50. syrup obtained from raw sugar
52. the mental process by which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he or she already possesses.
53. also known as craniofacial duplication
54. "merry christmas" in hawaiian
56. an ancient manuscript text in book form
57. one of the world's oldest continuously practiced religions
58. a sentence, often a news headline, that is subject to incorrect interpretation due to syntactic and/or lexical ambiguity
59. flat models that can be flexed or folded in certain ways to reveal new faces
62. king of the united kingdom of israel. also refered to as jedidiah
65. gadolinium gallium garnet quantum electronic processing
66. an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature and musical composition within the United States
69. ultraconservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan
71. form of government in which the state apparatus is controlled by a dominant ethnic group
74. deepest lake in the world
81. personifications of dreams in greek mythology
85. a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems
86. continent proposed in 1864 said to have sunk beneath the Indian Ocean
87. a type of writing system whose basic characters denote consonants followed by a particular vowel
88. a note or passage played by plucking strings
91. uppermost region of the earths atmosphere
93. a failed Android-based microconsole
94. pupal casing made by caterpillars
95. an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area
96. the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named
98. a sauropod-like entity that supposedly lives in the Congo River Basin
99. hill in england whose name means "hill hill hill"
102. inuit language spoken in the central and eastern Canadian arctic
105. south american animals resembling pigs with trunks
107. an occult concept representing a distinct non-physical entity that arises from a collective group of people
109. the highest rated fighting of all time, on metacritic
113. largest landlocked nation
116. the study of geometric properties and spatial relations unaffected by the continuous change of shape or size of figures
119. declared its independence in 2008, but is not formerly recognized by all UN countries
120. oldest language which is still widely spoken
124. one followed by a hundred zeros

Across

2. BEING IN A STATE OF LOUD AND INAPPROPRIATE LAUGHTER
5. BALLET JUMPS IN WHICH THE LEGS OPEN AND CLOSE WHILE "BEATING" THE FEET TOGETHER
8. IF YOU ARE CHICANO, YOU MAY GREET SOMEONE WITH THIS RHYMING EXPRESSION
10. IF LISTENING TO A CB RADIO, THIS MEANS A POLICE CAR WITH LIGHTS/SIRENS ON IS APPROACHING
11. IN HERALDRY, THIS IS A SMALL ELLIPTICAL SHAPE USED BY WOMEN TO DISPLAY THEIR COAT-OF-ARMS IN PLACE OF AN ESCUTCHEON
13. IN WEIMAR IN 1617, THIS GROUP FORMED IN ORDER TO REGULATE THE GERMAN VERNACULAR LANGUAGE AND PROMOTE IT AS A LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE AND ACADEMIA
15. A SCOTTISH CONFECTION CONSISTING OF A BISCUIT BASE AND LAYERS OF CARAMEL AND CHOCOLATE
17. THE SCIENCE OF DEFINING TECHNICAL TERMS
18. IN WINE, THIS ADJECTIVE MEANS THE TANNINS ARE PRESENT BUT NOT IN AN UNPLEASANT WAY
23. THIS WORD MEANS "I HAVE HEARD YOU AND AM ABOUT TO FOLLOW YOUR DIRECTIONS" WHEN COMMUNICATING OVER RADIO
24. A RECURSIVE ACRONYM THAT DESCRIBES ONE OF THE MAIN ANTAGONISTS IN TWIN PEAKS
25. THE FIRST JAPANESE RESTAURANT TO OFFER A BUFFET-STYLE MENU AND WHICH WAS NAMED AFTER A 1958 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ADVENTURE FILM
26. TWO MURALS BY DONALD MARTINY WHICH WERE PAINTED IN AND HANG IN THE LOBBY OF THE NEW WORLD TRADE CENTER BUILDING ONE
30. THE PARODIC FEMALE ALTER-EGO OF NOTED DADAIST MARCEL DUCHAMP, WHOSE NAME IS A GAG
31. ONE OF SEVERAL TERMS USED TO REFER TO A DEEP-DRILLED, ROUNDED OR CYLINDRICAL HOLE IN THE BEDROCK OF A WATERCOURSE, USUALLY FORMED BY SHIFTING GRAVEL OR RUNNING WATER
34. THIS WOMAN WAS VENERATED AS THE PATRON OF PALERMO AFTER HER BONES WERE CARRIED AROUND THE CITY AND MIRACULOUSLY DROVE AWAY THE PLAGUE; SOME HAVE INVOKED HER AS PROTECTION FROM THE COVID PANDEMIC
37. THE BELL WHICH SENDS ALL WHO HEAR IT, INCLUDING ITS WIELDER, DEEP INTO DEATH IN THE OLD KINGDOM BOOKS
42. A LONG BONE LOCATED BETWEEN THE SHOULDER AND STERNUM ON A HUMAN
43. A FRENCH COMPETITION TO CREATE AND RECITE TRADITIONAL TROUBADOUR POEM FORMS, AND BY DOING SO WIN GOLD-AND-GEM VERSIONS OF VARIOUS NATIVE FLOWERS
45. A WICCAN RITUAL MEETING HELD ON NON-SABBAT DAYS, USUALLY TO CELEBRATE DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE LUNAR CYCLE
46. A PERIOD OF TIME EQUAL TO ONE MILLIONTH OF TWO WEEKS, OR EXACTLY 1.2096 SECONDS
48. A MEDICINAL CANDY MEANT TO SLOWLY DISSOLVE IN THE MOUTH, SUCH AS WINE GUMS OR JUJUBES
49. "MERRY CHRISTMAS" IN OSLO
50. A POCKET OF LIQUID SEAWATER SURROUNDED BY FROZEN OCEAN ICE
51. IN NAUTICAL TERMS, THIS REFERS TO THE OPEN OCEAN, THOUGH SOME GEOGRAPHERS USE IT TO REFER TO THE AMERICAN COASTLINE FROM THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA TO THE MOUTH OF THE ORINOCO
54. A SLANG DIALECT BORN FROM A MIXTURE OF SWAHILI AND ENGLISH IN NAIROBI, KENYA, AND PRIMARILY SPOKEN AMONG YOUTH GROUPS AND MATATU DRIVERS
57. A MUSICIAN WHO FUSES TRADITIONAL HAWAIIAN MUSIC WITH CONTEMPORARY ARRANGEMENTS, HE IS KNOWN FOR HIS HALAU HULA AND HIS WORK ON DISNEY'S "LILO AND STITCH"
60. IN CHINESE, THIS WORD, MEANING "RIVER CRAB," IS A HOMOPHONE WITH THE WORD FOR "HARMONY," AND IS USED BY SAVVY INTERNET DENIZENS TO REFER TO THE GOVERNMENT'S CENSORSHIP OF CERTAIN TOPICS
62. KNOWN AS THE "BAADSHAH OF BOLLYWOOD," THIS INDIAN ACTOR HAS APPEARED IN OVER 100 FILMS
65. A SUNDAE INVOLVING RED-AND-WHITE OR PINK-AND-WHITE LAYERS OF ICE CREAM, CREAM, FRUIT, MERINGUE, AND TOPPED WITH WHIPPED CREAM, NUTS, AND A CHERRY, SERVED IN A TALL GLASS AND LONG SPOON, AND NAMED FOR AN ICONIC HOTEL IN NEW YORK, THE CITY IN WHICH IT WAS CREATED IN THE 1920S
66. THE DREGS OF A MANUFACTURING PROCESS, OR OTHER MATERIAL DEEMED AS WORTHLESS
70. A STEW FROM THE FRENCH GUIANA REGION WHICH SYMBOLIZES THE AREA'S RICH AND DIVERSE CULTURAL IDENTITY, MADE BY SLOW-SIMMERING MANY INGREDIENTS INCLUDING VARIOUS MEATS, FISH, AND VEGETABLES, COMBINED WITH PULP OF FRUIT FROM A SPECIFIC SPINY PALM TREE
71. IN HOCKEY LINGO, THIS REFERS TO THE HAIR THAT EXTRUDES OUT THE BACK OF A PLAYER'S HELMET
75. SPELLS TO INVOKE THE DEAD FROM THEIR GRAVES IN ROMAN TIMES WERE ASCRIBED THIS ADJECTIVE
76. A FAMOUSLY WELL-PRESERVED NEO-SUMERIAN STRUCTURE WHICH SERVED AS BOTH ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX AND SHRINE TO MOON GOD NANNA IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA, WHAT IS NOW IRAQ
77. A CHINESE RELIGIOUS CONCEPT OF THE SACRED, WHICH PRIMARILY DEALS WITH LIMINALITY, AND THIS WORD PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE MEDIUM OF BIVALENCY WHICH MEDIATES THE FORCES OF YIN AND YANG IN THE UNIVERSE
78. A KAIJU HYBRIDIZED WITH HUMAN AND ROSE DNA AND IS HALF-SISTER TO GODZILLA, WHOM SHE FIGHTS
79. A STRANGE UNSOLVED CASE FROM GERMANY INVOLVES THESE SIX LETTERS WRITTEN DOWN BY THE VICTIM ONLY HOURS BEFORE HIS MYSTERIOUS DEATH
80. FOUL-SMELLING, ESPECIALLY IN REFERENCE TO A NOXIOUS VAPOR
81. AN AMERICAN POET OF THE 20TH CENTURY WHO WAS KNOWN FOR HIS EXPLORATIONS OF HOMOPHOBIA AND CELEBRATIONS OF GAY LOVE, AND WHO DIED OF AIDS COMPLICATIONS IN 1994
82. AN EPIC POEM BY LONGFELLOW PUBLISHED IN 1855 ABOUT A DOOMED ROMANCE BETWEEN A MYTHIC OJIBWE FIGURE AND A DAKOTA WOMAN NAMED MINNEHAHA
83. A WAY OF EXPRESSING POSITIVE FEELINGS IF YOU ARE A RASTAFARIAN
84. EASTERN SLAVIC HARLEQUINS IN THE 11TH THROUGH 17TH CENTURIES WHO COULD ALSO SING, DANCE, PLAY VARIED INSTRUMENTS, AND COMPOSE, AND WHICH WERE OFTEN DERIDED BY THE CLERGY OF THE TIME AS "DEVIL'S SERVANTS"
85. IN MEDIEVAL TIMES, THIS CONTRACTION WAS A SPECIAL OATH RESERVED FOR THE KING

Down

1. HACKING TELEPHONE LINES INSTEAD OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IS COLLOQUIALLY CALLED THIS
3. A LEGAL TERM FOR FORGERY
4. A FENCER'S GLOVE MADE OF HEAVY BROCADE AND WIRED FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION
6. KNOWN AS THE HALLOWEEN BEETLE, THIS LATIN NAME REFERS TO A LARGE, BRIGHT COLORED BUG INDIGENOUS TO ASIA BUT INTRODUCED TO NORTH AMERICA AND NOW VERY COMMON
7. A HORSE TYPE OF MIDDLE WEIGHT WHICH IS BRED FROM ONE NORTHERN EUROPEAN LINE AND ONE ARABIAN OR SIMILARLY SOUTHERN LINE, KNOWN CONTEMPORARILY AS A BREED SKILLED IN SHOW JUMPING AND DRESSAGE
9. AN IMPORTANT PEACE BROKERING THAT ENDED THE WAR OF 1812 BETWEEN THE US AND UK, NAMED FOR THE CITY IN WHAT IS NOW BELGIUM WHERE IT TOOK PLACE
12. THIS GIRL'S NAME REFERS TO THROWING UP IN THE GAYLE ARGOT
14. IN POLISH PRISON LINGO, THIS REFERS TO A VILLAGE THIEF
16. A SPECULATIVE FICTION NOVEL PUBLISHED IN 1915 BY GUSTAV MEYRINK, CONCERNING A SURREAL VERSION OF TRADITIONAL JEWISH FOLKLORE
19. A RADIOHEAD ALBUM AND AN OLD NAME FOR DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
20. 1973 SCI-FI MOVIE TITLED AFTER ITS FOOD RATIONS (MADE OF PEOPLE)
21. KNOWN AS THE "SUICIDE FOREST," THIS JAPANESE LOCATION IS SUPPOSEDLY A HOTSPOT FOR SUPERNATURAL OCCURENCES
22. THE LOAD-BEARING, WEDGE-SHAPED PIECE OF AN ARCH WHICH IS PLACED LAST DURING BUILDING
27. THESE TWO ANIMALS REFER TO A TELEPHONE AND A ROAD IN COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG
28. A HEAVILY COMMERCIAL STRIP JUST BEFORE THE ENTRANCE TO DENALI PARK, HATED BY LOCALS AND ONCE CALLED "ALASKA'S UGLIEST STRETCH OF ROAD" BY A JOURNALIST
29. IN POKER, THIS IS WHEN A PLAYER MATCHES A BET OR RAISE EVEN IF THEY HAVE A WEAK HAND, IF THEY SUSPECT THEIR OPPONENT IS BLUFFING
32. A SMALL, MEDICINAL TABLET OFTEN SUCKED IN ORDER TO SOOTHE THROAT AILMENTS AND WHICH IS TRADITIONALLY A RHOMBOID OR ELLIPTICAL SHAPE
33. AN ARCHITECT WHO WAS NOT REGISTERED BUT BUILT 31 HOMES FROM LOCAL ROCK IN CHARLEVOIX, MI KNOWN AS "GNOME HOMES," "MUSHROOM HOUSES," OR "HOBBIT HOMES"
35. IN GERMAN MUSIC NOTATION, THIS MEANS TO PLAY ANXIOUSLY
36. IN MILITARY CIRCLES, THIS TITLE MEANS YOU THREW UP IN YOUR NEIGHBOR'S LAP
38. A BLUE PROTEIN FOUND IN THE FOAM NESTS OF MALAYSIAN TREE FROGS
39. AN AUSTRIAN CHEF WHO HAS WON BOTH A JAMES BEARD AWARD AND MICHELIN STARS, AND WHOSE SPECIALTIES INCLUDE A HOUSE-SMOKED SALMON PIZZA
40. AN IDEOPHONE IN JAPANESE THAT RESEMBLES THE BEATING OF THE HEART
41. AUSTRALIAN ACTIVIST AND ATHLETE KNOWN FOR HIS CLAIMING OF ENGLAND ON BEHALF OF THE ABORIGINALS
42. A GROUP OF TREES PERIODICALLY CUT BACK IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE GROWTH
44. THE ONLY DOGSLED DRIVER TO BE INDUCTED INTO CANADA'S SPORTS HALL OF FAME AND WHO LOVED HIS LEAD DOG, TOBY, SO MUCH HE RETIRED WHEN THE DOG DID
47. WINDCHIMES IN ROMAN TIMES WHICH WERE BELIEVED TO DRIVE AWAY EVIL
52. A BIRD KNOWN FOR ITS SHRIEKING CALL AND ITS EPITHET OF "BUTCHERBIRD," DUE TO THE HABIT OF IMPALING ITS PREY (PRIMARILY INSECTS) ON THORNS FOR LATER USE
53. A BRONZE SCULPTURE BY FINNISH ARTIST SANNA KOIVISTO, WHICH WAS HER FIRST TO BE SOLD AT AUCTION IN 2022
55. ORDERING THIS IN A CLASSIC SODA FOUNTAIN MEANS YOU'LL RECEIVE A BOWL OF STRAWBERRY ICE CREAM
56. THE STRONG-TASTING ANTAGONIST OF CANDY LAND
58. A SPOKEN WORD POET AND DUB ARTIST OF JAMAICAN ORIGIN, HE IS THE ONLY BLACK POET TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE PENGUIN MODERN CLASSIC SERIES
59. IN ELIZABETHAN SLANG, THIS REFERS TO A CONMAN'S GRIFTING ACTIVITIES
61. ONE OF THE OLDEST SLAVIC GODDESSES IN MYTH, HER NAME TRANSLATES TO "MOIST EARTH MOTHER," AND HER WORSHIPPERS WOULD MAKE OATHS BY TOUCHING THE GROUND, SYMBOLIZING HER OMNIPRESENCE
63. THE CONDITION OF SOMETHING
64. A STATE OF UTTER CHAOS AND CONFUSION, FROM HEBREW BUT USED PRIMARILY IN NORTH AMERICA
67. THIS HISTORICAL AMERICAN WAS REFERENCED IN A WHIG PARTY CAMPAIGN SONG (AND TYLER TOO) DURING THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1840
68. AMERICAN ABSTRACT ARTIST KNOWN FOR HIS CALLIGRAPHIC AND GRAFFITI-LIKE PAINTINGS, IN ADDITION TO SCULPTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHY
69. A DESCENDANT OF THE MUTINEERS OF THE HMS BOUNTY, SHE WROTE A BOOK OF POETRY IN THE PITCAIRN DIALECT, AND ALSO SERVED AS THE PITCAIRN'S ONLY FEMALE POLICE CHIEF AND THEIR OFFICIAL HAM RADIO OPERATOR FOR A TIME, AMONG OTHER ROLES
72. A GLEAM OF SUNLIGHT DURING OTHERWISE FOUL WEATHER
73. THE FRUIT COURSE IN A TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MEAL, REPLACING THE WESTERN DESSERT COURSE
74. AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE CHINESE NAME FOR THE MILKY WAY GALAXY
75. PHILOSOPHY INVOLVING GREATNESS BEYOND MEASURE OR CALCULATION, USED IN AESTHETICS AND ART HISTORY, LITERARY THEORY, AND ASCRIBED IN ORIGIN TO LONGINUS IN REGARDS TO RHETORIC

Across

5. a slave gladiator who led 70 other slaves from a school for gladiators in a desperate bid for freedom, he fueled a major slave uprising against the Roman republic, creating a perpetual fear in the minds of slave owners
10. founder of the Qin dynasty, he launched a successful 10-year military campaign to reunify China and became the first emperor of a unified China, ruling from 221-210 BCE
11. a major process of settlement and societal organization that occurred from around 860-1130 CE among the peoples of a canyon in modern-day northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads
13. a Greek philosopher who lived from 384-322 BCE, he was the teacher of Alexander the Great, and, famous for his reflections on ethics, was perhaps the most complete expression of the Greek way of knowing as wrote or commented on practically everything
17. a Macedonian king who united the Greek empire and whose conquests from 333-323 BCE greatly expanded the Greek empire
20. a social institution that involved subjugating people by way of ownership by a master, the possibility of being sold, working without pay, and the status of an "outsider" at the bottom of the social hierarchy; such people did every single job in society except military service, and lacked normal rights as well as independent personal identity
21. a southern city that became the center of Nubian civilization as Egypt fell under foreign control, it's time as a kingdom lasted from 300 BCE to 100 CE; it was governed by an all-powerful, sacred (sometimes female) monarch and known for its prominent iron industry, it's wide variety of economic specialties, rainfall-based agriculture, its reputation for great riches, and its extensive trade network
22. a people as well as a culture and religious movement that was focused on a specific village in Peru and swept through highland and coastal Peru, becoming a model for culture across Peru and beyond as civilizations imitated their art and religious practices; it was also a widespread religious cult that traveled on the back of a trading network
23. a philosophical way of thinking that emerged in the 5th-4th centuries BCE based on the ideas of philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle which emphasized a style of persistent questioning and the secular explanation of nature and human life
25. a series of inscriptions which provide a record of the activities and thinking of a famous Indian emperor, carved on pillars as well as boulders and cave walls throughout the Indian kingdom
27. a notion in Indian social practice that was applied to caste groups; high-caste people who came into contact with lower-caste people were in danger of being "polluted"
28. a civilization located on a fertile floodplain in West Africa that lasted from roughly 300 BCE to 900 CE, it was known for its decentralized political system, iron smithing industry, specialization/occupational castes, and its agriculture and commerce
29. the movement of peoples speaking dialects of a specific African language family into the African subcontinent that generated some 400 distinct but closely related languages as part of a larger language family, it was a slow movement of peoples, perhaps a few extended families at a time
31. the Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin, lasting from 206 BCE to 220 CE which retained the centralized features established previously but moderated the harshness of policies, replacing Legalism with moralistic Confucianism
32. a prince from a small north Indian state and the eventual founder of Buddhism, he lived from 566-486 BCE, and set out on a 6-year spiritual quest to achieve enlightenment
33. a Chinese humanistic philosophy based on the moral example of superiors as the key to restored social harmony which emphasized the cultivation of ren (human-heartedness, benevolence, goodness, nobility of heart) as an essential ingredient of a tranquil society
34. a Mesoamerican civilization located in the Yucatán Peninsula which was known for its mathematical system, astronomy, calendars, art, writing system, architecture, engineering, mythology, and decentralized political system
39. a religion that emerged in the 9th-6th centuries BCE in the eastern Mediterranean/Palestine/Israel; key beliefs are in a transcendent high god, in a covenant with the chosen people, and in social justice
40. an Athenian woman whose foreign birth gave her somewhat more freedom than most women in Athens, and her unofficial husband, who was Athens's leading political figure who took an interest in her and treated her as an equal partner despite Athens offering women little opportunity or achievement at that time
42. a Greek philosopher and founder of the Academy in Athens, he was famous for his design for a good society, which would be ruled by a class of highly educated "guardians" led by a "philosopher-king" who were the only ones fit to rule
44. the dependent class of Sparta who had been conquered and reduced to a status of permanent servitude, whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society
46. the first and largest of India's short experiments with a large-scale political system, this Indian kingdom lasted from 326-184 BCE, and encompassed all but the southern tip of the continent, with a population of 50 million, a large military force, a civilian bureaucracy, and a variety of industries
47. an Indian emperor who reigned from 268-232 BCE whose conversion to Buddhism and moralistic approach created the legacy of an enlightened ruler who sought to govern in accord with the religious values and moral teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism
48. the most important and largest city of pre-Aztec central Mexico, it was located to the north in the Valley of Mexico; it was the largest urban complex in the Americas at the time, and was physically impressive, with complex urban planning
49. a philosophy in China that urged withdrawal into the world of nature and encouraged spontaneous, individualistic, natural behavior; this philosophy was applied to people's personal lives and shaped the culture of ordinary people as it entered popular religion

Down

1. a hardheaded, practical philosophy whose thinkers believed the solution to China's problems lay in rules or laws, clearly spelled out and strictly enforced through a system of rewards and punishments
2. a period in Greek history which lasted from 323-30 BCE and involved the widespread dissemination of Greek culture as it penetrated Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India
3. a later female Chinese writer (45-116 CE) who penned a famous work called "Lessons for Women" and who helped in defining the lives of women, called for greater attention to education for girls, and spelled out the implication of Confucian thinking for women
4. a high court official of the Han dynasty, he usurped the emperor's throne and launched a series of startling reforms, including nationalized private estates, government loans to peasants, limited amounts of land families could have, and an end to private slavery
6. a system of government that was party of the "Greek experiment" in one of the Greek city-states and was distinctly limited in that it excluded women, slaves, and foreigners from politics
7. a young Jewish peasant/carpenter in the remote province of Judaea in the Roman Empire, he began a brief 3-year career of teaching and miracle-working before he got in trouble with the local authorities and was executed; the teachings of this man became the basis for the religion of Christianity
8. a social class in China that was made up of wealthy, landowning families who occupied large estates and whose children became state officials; benefited from two sources of privilege - wealth generated by estates, and the power and prestige that accompanied their education/membership in the official elite
9. a massive peasant uprising that occurred in 184 CE during the Han dynasty, as the culmination of a movement which had swelled to about 360,000 armed followers by that time, in which peasants joined together as regional floods and resulting epidemics compounded the misery of landlessness and poverty to look forward to the "Great Peace"
12. a religion that emerged in the 7th century BCE in Persia (present-day Iran); key beliefs are in a single high god and in the cosmic conflict between good and evil
14. a civilization which lasted from around 100 to 800 BCE, it was one of a number of regional civilizations that replaced a pan-Andean religious cult from Peru; it was known for its irrigation system, human sacrifice, the immense wealth of its warrior-priest elite, exquisite artistry, and architecture
15. an early convert to Christianity who lived from 10-65 CE, his missionary journeys in the eastern Roman Empire led to the founding of small Christian communities that included non-Jews; he argued that the Christian message was for everyone and non-Jews did not need to follow Jewish laws and rituals
16. the era of Rome's greatest extent and authority, during which the empire in disguise provided security, grandeur, and relative prosperity for the Mediterranean world
18. a series of conflicts between two Eurasian empires that lasted from 490-479 BCE, one of which was small and divided and the other of which was the world's largest empire at the time
19. two different versions of Buddhism; the early version portrayed the Buddha as a wise teacher and model but not as divine and was a set of practices without much influence from the gods; the later, modified version proclaimed that help was available for the strenuous voyage to enlightenment
21. peoples of the Mississippi River Valley in North America who created societies distinguished by arrays of large earthen mounds; the dominant center flourished in the eastern woodlands from around 900 to 1250 CE and was a stratified society with cLear elite and rulers able to mobilize the labor required to build such enormous structures
24. an idea in China that emphasized a woman's subordination first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son; it summarized the ideal position of women in the eyes of elite male writers
26. two systems of hierarchy in India that blended to create its unique caste-based society; one was a system of four ranked classes that "forever" divided society based on hereditary traits and actions, while the other was a system of ranking people based on specialized occupation
30. considered the first Roman emperor, he reigned from 27 BCE to 14 CE, and during his rule tried to maintain the forms of the republic despite assuming the role of emperor
35. collections of Indian poems, hymns, prayers and rituals compiled by priests (Brahmins), they spoke of classical Indian civilization in its formative centuries, and were transmitted orally for centuries but were eventually reduced to writing in Sanskrit
36. an Athenian philosopher who lived from 469-399 BCE and taught through a constant questioning of the assumptions and logic of his students' thinking, and whose behavior in public bright him into conflict with city authorities, who sentenced him to death for corrupting the youth of Athens
37. a much-beloved Hindu scripture written in Sanskrit that tells the story of the troubled warrior-hero Arjuna who is in anguish over the necessity of killing his kinsmen as a decisive battle approaches, and is assured by Lord Krishna that it is an act of devotion that would release him from the rebirth cycle
38. the largest and most impressive of the world's empires in 500 BCE, ruled by an Indo-European people whose homeland lay on the Iranian plateau; under monarchs Cyrus and Darius, conquests created an incredibly diverse state which encompassed many different peoples
41. a state which took over a neighboring kingdom in 340s CE, it was located in the Horn of Africa (present-day Eritrea and Ethiopia) and was known for its plow-based farming system, participation in Red Sea and Indian Ocean commerce, stone obelisks, Christianity, and its imperial expansion campaign
43. a former high-ranking concubine in the imperial court who came to power amid much palace intrigue, she was the only woman ever to rule China as emperor, reigning from 690-705 CE
45. a body of sacred Indian texts developed due to dissatisfaction with the actions of the Brahmins, they were composed by anonymous thinkers and were mystical and highly philosophical works that sought to probe the inner meaning of the sacrifices prescribed in other Indian texts

Across

4. Large marsupial
5. Likes to chase mice

Down

1. Has a trunk
2. Flying mammal
3. Man's best friend