singers Crossword Puzzles

Across

4. Rayford Logan coined the "low period" following Reconstruction to WWII for Black people
6. area of Tulsa Oklahoma that was vibrant African American community with businesses that was destroyed in 1921
8. first black college in the U.S. opened by white benefactors in 1837 in Pennsylvania
10. amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude unless as punishment for crime
12. 1919 but actually between 1917-1921 when racial tensions led to violence throughout the U.S. (You all mapped this)
14. book written by Alain Locke
16. separation of races by legal mandate (black train car and white train car)
18. renaissance educator, writer, and lawyer, and diplomat who wrote "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
20. author of New Negro advocating for the Harlem Renaissance and the artistry of Black people to define themselves
22. 1920-1930 that era where black Americans converged open a neighborhood to celebrate their arts
23. a major aim of freed person was family _________.
25. created in Mississippi and my home state (SC) to restrict and in some cases give black people access to things. EX) no loitering or no intermarriage but allowed for land ownership
28. the first black colleges were opened in this region
29. HBCU in Nashville that had a group of singers that popularized spirituals in the mainstream
30. first black college opened in the South in 1865
32. # of Special Field Order that was going to redistribute 400,000 acres of land to newly freed blacks it was revoked and the origin of (40 acres of and a mule)
33. freed blacks were arrested for minimal crimes like hanging out and not work and they were than hired out to build U.S. infrastructure like bridges, railroads, tunnels, and roads
36. era of 1865-1877 when freed blacks had the ability to vote and empower themselves while also adjusting to freedom that was not solidified
37. main black sororities and fraternities that were started at Howard, Indiana University, Butler, Morgan, and Cornell
38. this created land grant colleges for black people when the the state colleges would not allow blacks
40. also written about by WEB DuBois which suggest that an internal conflict happens within Black people to exist in a world where they are oppressed. The essence Dunbar's poem "We Wear the Mask"
41. first black college opened by black people in Ohio
43. father of "Black History Month" and author of Mis-Education of the Negro
44. racial discrimination and legal segregation following Emancipation that WEB DuBois writes
45. well known poet of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote "I Too Sing America"
47. his collection create a research library of Black culture in Harlem, NYC
48. court cases that established the precedent of separate but equal as law of land
49. movement of Black people from South to North and West between 1910-1970s (art of Jacob Lawrence)

Down

1. opened a school in Greensboro NC for black students called Palmer Institute
2. anti-lynching journalists who wrote about Southern lynching and forced to move to Chicago where she opened a newspaper
3. gave speech "How the Sisters Are Hindered from Helping" and the National Baptist Convention in Virginia
5. photographer of the Harlem Renaissance whose career spanned many generations
7. era following Reconstruction where blacks and whites were segregated in public arenas and voting restrictions like poll taxes and literacy tests were mandated
9. created by the U.S. Congress to provide resources like food, shelter, medical services for newly freed Black people, has a repository of resources
11. citizenship amendment following the Civil War that promises due process and equal protection under the law
13. black men officially given the right to vote with this amendment
15. author of "The Souls of Black Folks" and first black person to earn PhD to get degree from Harvard
17. name of the Booker T Washington to a conservative audience advocating for industrial education
19. system of agriculture that developed post civil war where former slaves worked land for housing and food to end in an economic cycle of poverty and always owing the land owner
21. first millionaire woman in the U.S. who made her wealth selling hair care supplies for black women
24. intellectual, author, writer who wrote about intersectionality before it was coined. She wrote “I speak for the colored women of the South, because it is there that the millions of Blacks in this country have watered the soil with blood and tears, and it is there that the colored woman of America has made her characteristic history and there her destiny is evolving.”
26. was a school for children of slaves and free people of color in New York City. Founded by members of the New York Manumission Society in 1787
27. place where W.E.B. Du Bois exhibited black photos and graphics to expose the world to the life of African Americans
31. author and sociologists who authored "Their Eyes Were Watching God"
34. former Confederates who terrorized Black people
35. president who revoked Special Field Order 15 and essentially the era of Reconstruction
39. poet of vernacular poetry and the poem "We Wear the Masks"
42. common form of terror faced by African Americans (Equal Justice Initiative) recognizes many people who experienced this demise
46. black church denomination founded by Richard Allen and this denomination opened Wilberforce, Livingstone, and Clinton Colleges

Across

3. pasta made in long, slender, solid strings.
7. a collection of people, countries, or groups that combine for a particular purpose, typically mutual protection or cooperation.
10. a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.
13. a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
15. produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product).
16. happen; take place.
20. take part in a fight, either as sport or in earnest, that involves grappling with one's opponent and trying to throw or force them to the ground.
21. the number below the line in a common fraction; a divisor.
22. a pause or break.
24. a person who practices or studies law; an attorney or a counselor.
29. a device by which a flow of liquid or gas from a pipe or container can be controlled; a tap.
34. (of a bird) make a loud, harsh noise.
37. a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate.
39. the third season of the year, when crops and fruits are gathered and leaves fall, in the northern hemisphere from September to November and in the southern hemisphere from March to May.
40. causing great damage.
43. bringing or worthy of honor.
44. feel or show deep sorrow or regret for (someone or their death), typically by following conventions such as the wearing of black clothes.
46. the fact or state of being independent.
47. an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.
49. convert (waste) into reusable material.
50. belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence.
51. practice (a play, piece of music, or other work) for later public performance.
53. feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and advantages.
54. the line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.
55. of, for, or denoting young or younger people.
57. say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something.
58. a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches, typical of churches and other large, formal buildings.
59. buy or obtain (an asset or object) for oneself
60. make (something, especially the skin) thoroughly clean.

Down

1. the legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship (historically and in some jurisdictions specifically a union between a man and a woman).
2. belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only.
4. the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
5. a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
6. the maximum amount that something can contain.
8. the action of leaving, especially to start a journey.
9. the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
11. easily seen or noticed; clear or apparent.
12. a person who installs and repairs the pipes and fittings of water supply, sanitation, or heating systems.
14. the faculty or state of being able to see.
17. a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.
18. a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.
19. goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.
23. the receiving or conferring of an academic degree or diploma.
25. the branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and manipulation of numbers.
26. a main branch of a tree.
27. the faculty or action of forming new ideas, or images or concepts of external objects not present to the senses.
28. a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.
30. a sound or series of sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the listener.
31. not able to be believed; unlikely to be true.
32. existing only in part; incomplete.
33. based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.
35. a slight line or fold in something, especially fabric or the skin of the face.
36. an organized group of singers, typically one that takes part in church services or performs regularly in public.
38. the number above the line in a common fraction showing how many of the parts indicated by the denominator are taken, for example, 2 in 2/3.
41. make great efforts to achieve or obtain something.
42. a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
45. a large flightless seabird of the southern hemisphere, with black upper parts and white underparts and wings developed into flippers for swimming under water.
48. present or existing from the beginning; first or earliest.
52. repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker.
56. only just; almost not.

Across

3. Dark, dramatic grandeur often associated with Bach’s organ music
5. Recurring musical themes associated with specific characters
7. Beethoven labeled his 14th sonata "quasi una _____"
8. Romantic composer known for "Ride of the Valkyries"
9. Legendary artist M.S. _____ performed "Kapi Vihari"
11. Baroque master of the "Toccata and Fugue in D minor"
15. Sitarist Ravi _____ brought Indian classical music to the world
16. The use of jarring sounds used by Modernists to break rules
18. Commercial context term for highly developed non-Western systems
22. Composer of the famous Symphony No. 5 in C minor
24. The famous middle section of a Pomp and Circumstance march
25. Monophonic music of the Middle Ages
26. Award won by "Moon River" for Best Original Song
31. Gradual increase in loudness featured throughout Bolero
33. Melodic modes in Indian classical music
34. Composer of "The Phantom of the Opera"
38. Norse warrior maidens depicted in Wagner’s famous ride
40. Chapel where the Miserere was exclusively performed
43. Music that follows a specific narrative or pictorial idea
44. Italian word meaning "to touch"; often paired with a fugue
45. Composer of "The Nutcracker Suite"
47. Style of music intended to be pleasing and accessible
49. Type of ritual depicted in "The Rite of Spring"
53. Sub-genre involving the abandonment of traditional keys
57. "Don't Cry for Me _____" is a famous Tim Rice/Webber song
59. Devotional Sufi tradition focused on mystical poetry
61. Modernist who challenged the definition of melody
62. Composer John _____ known for the Schindler’s List theme
63. Soprano Sarah _____ famous for a high E6 note
64. Popular nickname for Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 14
65. 21-string instrument used by West African Griots
67. Dramatic musical form born during the Baroque era
68. Northern branch of Indian classical art music
72. Mozart’s "Eine kleine _____" translates to A Little Night Music
73. King who allegedly started the tradition of standing for Handel
74. Civil disturbance caused by the 1913 premiere of Stravinsky’s ballet
75. Era prioritizing emotional expression and large-scale orchestration
76. Actress Audrey _____ for whom "Moon River" was written
77. Tradition using panpipes tied to South American geography
78. Instruments central to Andean and Incan traditions
79. Composer of the once-secret "Miserere mei, Deus"
81. Southern branch of Indian classical art music
82. Ornate period from 1600 to 1750; home to Bach and Vivaldi
84. 80s rock-inspired instrument used in the Phantom title track
85. John _____ is a famous composer of Aleatory music
86. Musical technique used by Vivaldi to represent barking dogs
87. Set of six concertos Bach sent to a German Margrave
89. Pioneer of the 12-tone row in Expressionism
90. The tradition of music defined by a standardized system of written notation
91. Japanese Imperial Court music; oldest continuously performed
93. Music based on the mathematical properties of sound spectra
94. Music incorporating randomness or "chance"
95. Lyrical mood of the song "Moon River"

Down

1. Era from 1400 to 1600 known for choral mastery
2. Pedal used by Debussy to create a sense of weightlessness
4. Chorus during which audiences traditionally stand
6. Master composer of the South Indian Carnatic tradition
9. The definitive written blueprint for a musical performance
10. The four-note opening of Beethoven’s 5th is a famous _____
12. Violinist Itzhak _____ who performed the Schindler’s List theme
13. Period from 1945 to present characterized by pluralism
14. System of music that saw its birth during the Common Practice period
17. Religious entity that once forbade copying the Miserere
19. The formal Western tradition of precise notation
20. Historical tragedy depicted in the film Schindler’s List
21. Literary form Vivaldi used to describe scenes in his concertos
23. Beethoven’s 9th serves as the official _____ of the European Union
27. Musical form featuring a soloist accompanied by an orchestra
28. Impressionist composer of "Clair de Lune"
29. Type of chant associated with the Medieval era
30. Arabic system of melodic organization based on quarter-tones
32. American ceremony synonymous with Elgar's March No. 1
35. Sub-genre associated with Stravinsky’s "The Rite of Spring"
36. Return to 18th-century forms with modern harmonies
37. Henry _____ wrote the sophisticated "Moon River"
39. Instrument used for the shimmering sound of the Sugar Plum Fairy
40. Iconic large-scale orchestral form perfected between 1600 and 1910
41. Musical texture where multiple melodies happen simultaneously
42. Composer of the somber "Adagio for Strings"
46. Stately, noble musical form used by Elgar
48. Rhythmic cycles in Indian classical music
50. The improvisational introduction to a Raga
51. Famous "morning raga" in Hindustani music
52. Baroque composer of "The Four Seasons"
54. Classical period composer known for structural clarity and balance
55. Composer known as the "Father of the Symphony"
56. Famous 1741 English-language oratorio by Handel
58. Emotional quality celebrated in the Schindler’s List score
60. City where Beethoven’s 5th Symphony premiered in 1808
66. Period from 1900 to 1945 focused on breaking traditions
69. The tone of "The Phantom of the Opera" duet
70. Poet who wrote "Ode to Joy"
71. Nickname for Haydn's Symphony No. 94
80. Indonesian percussive ensemble using gongs and metallophones
82. Ravel’s 15-minute experiment in orchestral growth
83. Secular vocal music form that rose during the Renaissance
86. 20th-century style based on repetitive patterns (e.g., Philip Glass)
88. British composer of the "Pomp and Circumstance" marches
89. Beethoven’s 9th introduced these singers into the symphony
92. Poet whose work inspired the title of "Clair de Lune"

Across

5. French Reformation leader who believed music should only be used to pray, and that even then it should be monophonic vocal music only
8. Learning ______: a component of learning theory that encompasses the ways in which students demonstrate whether learning has occurred
11. ______: learning that occurs outside an institutionalized setting, such as through occasional sessions with an expert musician
13. Greek mathematician who taught that mathematical relationships were the foundation of the study of music, and understanding them would help understand the harmony of the universe
15. Roman bishop whose Confessions examine the power and danger of music; he believed that while sacred music might distract from the message of the text, its beauty could move people closer to God
16. Second stage in Piaget’s model of cognitive development, from ages 2 to 7, in which children are able to transform stimuli to symbols, learn from events and note consequences
17. A key component of the Dalcroze method, kinesthetic reactions to music so that a student can respond through movement to internalize musical concepts
19. Educational __________: a set of voluntary guidelines that detail what students should know at each grade level in a particular subject
22. Greek philosopher who included music in the four branches of education, agreeing that music helped to develop the moral character of children, and thought music should also be used “for intellectual enjoyment in leisure”
23. The last step in Gagné’s theory of learning, it concerns the application of student learning to new tasks
26. First stage in Piaget’s model of cognitive development, from birth to age 2, in which learning happens through motor activity and direct sensory experience
28. An approach to music education that integrates performance, theory, history, and composition in every class or activity
29. Student-focused learning model in which the teacher facilitates an experience and students reconstruct principles by themselves
31. A component of learning theory that encompasses the events provided by a teacher
32. Emperor who required all clerics to learn the Roman chant, and choirboys to be taught Psalms, chant and notation as well as math and grammar
33. German Reformation leader who loved music and believed it was a “delightful, noble gift of God”, therefore it should be taught to children
36. A system that uses syllables as a mnemonic devices for indicating melodic intervals
37. Medieval theorist who developed systems to teach chant to the choirboys of the Schola Cantorum, such as notation through lines and spaces, solmization, and the Guidonian hand
38. Student learning ______: a component of learning theory that encompasses student attention, perception, memory, rehearsal, recognition, and recall
40. ______ hand: a visual aid to help with solmization and learning music
41. ________ operations: Fourth stage in Piaget’s model of cognitive development, from ages 11 to adult, in which children are capable of abstractions, logic and deductive reasoning
42. ______ music: a feature of West African cultures in which music is used to regulate and accompany repetitive and/or boring activities such as hammering, tilling, etc.

Down

1. American philosopher and education reformer who argued that arts should be a component of education for all
2. Greek philosopher who believed education was a key to creating better citizens and that music would discipline children’s minds and souls, while gymnastics would train the body
3. Russian social psychologist whose theory of socialization posits the adult (or an expert) as the primary influence on a student, whose verbal comments and facial expressions reinforce appropriate behaviors
4. British philosopher who thought music was too complicated and not useful, and that learning it was a waste of time for most people
6. A form of transmission in which music is passed down from person to person, without being written down
7. Roman theorist who thought that music could affect one’s character and mood, therefore music could either “ennoble” or “debase; he included music as one of the seven liberal arts
9. A type of performance in which the music is created as it is being performed; it’s a feature of many African and African American musics
10. French philosopher and music teacher who believed in the moral goodness of nature and thought that the purpose of education was to cultivate children’s natural sense of beauty; he advocated student-centered, active learning
12. __________ operations: Third stage in Piaget’s model of cognitive development, from ages 7 to 11, in which children are capable of classifying objects and discovering relationships between them
14. Skinner’s theory of ___________ posits that behaviors that are reinforced (such as with rewards) are likely to recur
18. Roman institution in which the choral singers initially learned chant through oral transmission, but in which other music teaching methods were developed, such as notation and solmization
20. Also known as the Hungarian method, a music learning system based on singing, hand signals for solfege, and mnemonics for rhythms
21. Named after the German composer who first developed it, a method of music education that uses singing and instruments like xylophones and metallophones to lead students to improvise and compose
24. Music ______: how music is perceived and processed by the brain
25. Swiss educational reformer who believed music was “one of the most effective aids of moral education”
27. ______: learning that happens naturally and without direct instruction, through the daily activities of a particular culture
30. Swiss biologist whose influential theory of cognitive development has 4 stages, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations
34. Movement-based pedagogy created by a Swiss professor, based on eurhythmics, solfege and improvisation to raise the student’s musicality
35. Harvard psychologist whose theory of multiple intelligences posits that there are multiple pathways for a learner’s processing of the world: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalist, existential/spiritual
39. Japanese court music and dance, which was taught and performed through a system of guilds in which strict imitation of the teacher was expected

Across

2. Argentinian dance and song genre and national symbol
3. Colombian singer-songwriter who is perhaps one of the most important Latin music artists of the early 21st c.
4. Genre that emerged in Argentina in the late 1970s as political resistance, influential as a precursor of rock en español
6. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
8. percussionist and bandleader who popularized Latin dance genres and became a symbol of Puerto Rican identity
11. Any process (economic, political, cultural) that extends beyond the boundaries of nation-states
13. Colombian pop singer who established her popularity throughout Latin America with her 1996 album Pies descalzos and broke into the U.S. market with the bilingual album Laundry Service in 2001
14. Música _______ Brazilian rural music featuring two singers in parallel thirds
16. Cuban American pop singer who began her career as the lead vocalist for Miami Sound Machine, pioneering the Latin pop explosion
17. Colombian bandleader who led one of the most innovative and successful orchestras of música tropical in the 1940s
18. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
20. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
21. Chilean singer-songwriter who was tortured and killed after the coup that deposed Salvador Allende; extremely influential writer of nueva canción
25. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
27. One of the most pressing issues of the U.S.-Mexico relationship, it can be said to have transformed the demographics of the border region as well as the U.S. at large over the past 70 years
31. Música _______ Term that describes the various Afro-Caribbean styles, from Colombia as well as foreign origin, played by Colombian big bands in the 1930s and 40s
32. Adaptation of rock to a Latin American context, featuring Spanish-language lyrics, Latin American themes, rhythms and instruments, and the use of local folk and popular genres
34. Argentinian pianist, singer and bandleader who as a leader of Serú Girán, defined rock nacional
35. Panamanian singer and composer; one of the most prominent salsa artists
36. A term that describes a new era of human communication and interconnection across cultural, national, and geographic boundaries; its processes are separate from specific national boundaries, whereas transnational processes are still anchored in one or more nation states
37. Most popular Colombian musical genre
38. Brazilian popular music, influenced by jazz, that developed in the 1960s as a new way of performing samba-canção, popular among the white, urban middle and upper classes
42. Newyorican trombonist and bandleader whose powerful arrangements perfectly complemented Blades’s lyrics
43. Dance genre developed by Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants in New York in the 1960s, featuring elements from Cuban son and jazz; it mediates conflicts between tradition and modernity
44. A corrido relating to the drug traffic; while controversial and often banned, they are extremely popular on both sides of the border

Down

1. Pan-Latin urban genre that originated in Puerto Rico and NYC in the early 1990s, mixing hip hop, reggae and Latin American musics with Spanish-language lyrics
5. Argentinian composer who integrated Argentine popular music with classical forms, becoming a leader of the Nuevo Tango
7. Colombian singer and actor whose fusion of vallenato with rock, pop legitimized vallenato among middle-class Colombian audiences and popularized it internationally
9. Conjunto de ________ Ensemble of traditional cumbia, including gaita hembra, gaita macho, maracas, tambor llamador, tambor alegre, and tambora
10. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
12. Colombian working-class genre featuring button accordion, caja and guacharaca
15. _________ canción: Influential folk and folk-inspired Latin American song genre, featuring poetic lyrics often focused on social justice issues; emerged first in Chile, where it was closely associated with the administration of President Allende
19. Puerto Rican rapper whose smash hit “Gasolina” popularized reggaeton worldwide in 2004
22. Mexican composer who helped disseminate bolero throughout Latin America
23. Argentinian singer and actor who became the leading singer of La Guardia Nueva and popularized the tango canción all over the world
24. Mexican rock rap band that reached fame in the late 1990s
26. Genre of Cuban origin featuring close vocal harmonies accompanied with guitars; it became an urban cosmopolitan genre after its arrival in Mexico City in the 1930s
28. Argentinian rock nacional band whose mixture of pop, reggae and new wave (such as seen in their album Signos) made them one of the top Spanish-language bands of the 1980s
29. Brazilian singer and guitarist who was one of the most influential bossa nova figures for songs such as “Desafinado”
30. Brazilian singer and composer who contributed to the establishment of the urban samba, composing such classics as “Aquarela do Brasil”
33. The process whereby a minority group, such as immigrants, gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture. Historically, Latin American (particularly, Mexican) immigrants have shown a tendency to resist it
39. Song and dance, associated particularly with carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro; considered Brazil’s national dance
40. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
41. Mexican rock en español band whose distinctive sound included post-punk, Mexican folk and Afro-Caribbean musics, as seen in their 1990 album El Diablito

Across

1. -In music, a bar is a subsection of time that’s defined by a time signature. For example, a 4/4 time signature assigns four quarter notes to each bar.
4. -A sharp musical note is a semitone higher in intonation than the same natural note.
5. -music originating in New Orleans around the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently developing through various increasingly complex styles, generally marked by intricate, propulsive rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, improvisatory, virtuosic solos, melodic freedom, and a harmonic idiom ranging from simple diatonicism through chromaticism to atonality.
6. -A coda is a symbol used in sheet music to denote where the final passage of a piece begins. A piece will include a “da coda” instruction to tell the orchestra when to proceed to the beginning of the final passage.
8. -A time of music
9. -1811–96, French composer
12. -1732–1809, Austrian composer.
13. -A crescendo is a gradual increase in dynamic volume during a section of music.
15. -Vivace means lively or vivacious in Italian. Typically this instruction suggests a fast tempo, louder dynamic, and bright playing.
19. -1860–1911, Austrian composer and conductor, born in Bohemia.
20. - People can sing it
21. -1803–69, French composer.
22. -a public musical performance in which a number of singers or instrumentalists, or both, participate
26. -Tempo is the pace or speed at which a piece of music is played. Usually, the tempo will define the length and duration of a quarter note.
28. -Andante is used to describe a moderately slow tempo. It’s Italian meaning “to-go about” suggests a walking pace to be used in a piece of music.
31. -any hollow tree or similar object or device used in this way.
33. -A cadenza is a moment in a musical piece where an instrumentalist or singer is given the opportunity to play a solo freely and with artistic license to go outside of a rigid tempo or rhythm.
34. -a song, originating with African Americans, that is marked by the frequent occurrence of blue notes, and that takes the basic form, customarily improvised upon in performance, of a 12-bar chorus consisting of a 3-line stanza with the second line repeating the first.
35. -In music legato means to connect each note smoothly without much articulation between notes.
37. -1797–1848, Italian operatic composer.
38. -a stringed musical instrument with a long, fretted neck, a flat, somewhat violinlike body
40. -Scherzo refers to a short orchestral piece of music.
41. -canons in music are when a melody is played by one instrument or group of instruments, and then repeated a certain number of bars later by another instrument to overlap the initial melody.
42. -the treble instrument of the family of modern bowed instruments
43. -1810–49, Polish composer and pianist, in France after 1831.
44. -An arpeggio is when a chord of notes is broken and played in sequence. For example, a C major arpeggio would be played C-E-G-C.
46. -an American singer
47. tone -A quarter tone is a musical interval that is half the value of a semitone and a quarter of the value of a whole tone.
49. -the person who tells how to do
51. -1685–1759, German composer in England after 1712.
53. -a note is upon another note
55. -1797–1828, Austrian composer.
57. -Allegro means cheerful in Italian. In music, it means the music should be played at an upbeat and bright tempo.
58. -conforming to ancient Greek and Roman models in literature or art, or to later systems modeled upon them.

Down

2. -Adagio means slowly in Italian. In music, it signifies that a piece should be played a slower tempo or speed.
3. -A cadence is a sequence of chords used to signify the end of a phrase.
4. -1882–1971, U.S. composer, born in Russia.
7. -The opposite of a crescendo, a diminuendo is a decrease in dynamic volume during a section of music.
10. -1813–83, German composer.
11. -explosive sound
14. - 1770–1827, German composer
16. -The line on the bottom
17. -In music, flat refers to the relative tonal quality of a note. A flat note is one half-step below the same natural note in pitch.
18. -Forte is a term used to describe a louder dynamic. Forte should be louder than mezzo-forte but quieter than fortissimo.
23. -1756–91, Austrian composer
24. -1678–1741, Italian violinist and composer
25. -Vibrato is an effect where the pitch of a note is subtly moved up and down to create a vibrating effect.
27. -1862–1918, French composer.
29. -a brief record of something written down to assist the memory or for future reference.
30. -Leggero means light in Italian. In sheet music leggero means to play lightly, usually at a quicker pace and in a light-hearted manner.
32. -A rondo is a type of orchestral form or song structure. It usually consists of multiple repeating sections.
36. -play it in 30 second
39. -the forms and treatments in art used during this period.
45. -an instrument with key
48. - Father of Music
50. -Trill is an instruction to sustain rapid alternation between two different pitches.
52. -An accent is when a specific note or phrase is emphasized with an increase in intensity above other non-accented notes.
54. -an instrument with string
56. -1833–97, German composer.
57. -Alto is a range of pitches normally assigned to a singer in a choir. The alto range of pitches is below Soprano but higher than the Tenor range.

Across

2. is an ongoing asymmetric low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military began to intervene in 2006, the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence
4. served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017
5. The U.S.-UK invasion of Afghanistan on October 7, 2001, toppled the brutal Taliban regime. It stands out as the most conventional action in a war that has rewritten the rules on conflict
8. is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia, a position he has filled since 2012, and previously from 2000 until 2008
9. topped the box office in 2000 with the release of Cast Away. The star earned an Oscar nomination for his role as the marooned Chuck in the Robert Zemeckis drama and made $429.6 million in worldwide ticket sale
13. started Google while students at Stanford. They first incorporated in 1998, and went public in 2004. Google is responsible for the way we use the internet; its goal has been to organize knowledge and make it widely available. It has become the accepted word for searching for information on the internet. It also is highly rated as an employer, with policies that encourage creativity
15. at age 50 on June 25, 2009, led to tributes all over the world. The sudden death of the pop star
18. But in 2001, as the music industry struggled to control its revenue streams in the era of file sharing and piracy, Apple developed the iPod, the most profitable mp3 player of its era, along with iTunes, an online marketplace that hastened the obsolescence of physical media (well, CDs, anyway). But the release of the iPhone in 2007 truly broadened consumers’ technological landscapes—not just by putting the computing and communication power of a personal computer in the palm of their hands, but by paving the way for a constant level of connectivity and interactivity that has changed the way we experience the world.
21. The people of the Gulf Coast braced themselves as the sixth strongest hurricane in Atlantic history hurtled their way
23. became Ethan Hunt for a second time in 2000, hitting the big screen in Mission: Impossible II
24. went to battle in 2000, appearing as Maximus Decimus Meridius in Gladiator

Down

1. set in motion the main events of the decade. He set two wars in motion, created an environment in this country that allowed the government to undo decades of civil liberties progress in the name of safety.
3. in this decade perhaps most significant is his use of talking points in delivering the news, especially on the Fox News Network. Fox leads other cable news channels. Fox watchers still believe that Saddam Hussein was responsible for the attacks of 9/11.
6. during his tenure as head of the Federal Reserve probably had more to do with the policies that set this in motion than anyone else. He has admitted that he believed in market forces that would self-regulate, and that he was wrong.
7. People all over the United States remember where they were when news broke that a plane had flown into the World Trade Center in New York City. The morning of September 11, 2001, would end with two hijacked airliners flown into each of the WTC towers, another plane flown into the Pentagon, and a fourth plane crashing into the ground in Pennsylvania after passengers stormed the cockpit. Nearly 3,000 people died in the country's worst terrorist attack, which made al-Qaida and Osama bin Laden household names
10. became an Oscar winner on March 26, 2000, taking home the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Lisa Rowe in Girl, Interrupted. She returned to theaters just months later in Gone in 60 Seconds, making $237.2 million worldwide
11. In December 2007, the U.S. experienced its worst economic downturn since the Great Depression
12. his is the name that history will put on the policies that followed 9/11
14. an economist whose research dealt specifically with the economic fallout from financial crises, luckily happened to be the Fed chair at the time. His unprecedented program of emergency loans and quantitative easing (including bailing out Europe) helped prevent the crisis from reaching Depression levels, and arguably made the global recovery more rapid
16. were in their pop heyday in 2000. The pop singers performed at the 2000 Grammys where they were nominated for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "I Want It That Way" and Album of the Year for Millennium. Months after the Grammys, BSB went multiplatinum with the November 2000 debut of Black & Blue
17. The actor had a diverse schedule, lending his voice to the animated Chicken Run, starring as Benjamin Martin in the Roland Emmerich drama The Patriot, appearing alongside Milla Jovovich and Jeremy Davies in The Million Dollar Hotel, and trying out romantic comedies with the blockbuster What Women Want.
19. When the menace known as the Joker wreaks havoc and chaos on the people of Gotham, Batman must accept one of the greatest psychological and physical tests of his ability to fight injustice(came out in 2008)
20. The intelligence that led to the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 remains a controversy, but the invasion changed the decade in a way that its predecessor, the Gulf War, didn't
22. A listless and alienated teenager decides to help his new friend win the class presidency in their small western high school, while he must deal with his bizarre family life back home.
25. Iraq's brutal dictator since 1979

Across

3. Ecosystem characterized by grasslands with scattered trees
4. Disney concept for a utopian experimental city turned theme park
7. Sensory organs found on the heads of insects
10. Double-reed woodwind instrument with a bright, penetrating tone
11. Dumbledore’s sister, whose tragic past influenced his views on power (Harry Potter)
12. Pear-shaped fruit containing monounsaturated fats and often classified as a berry
13. Crime-solving mouse and detective in a 1986 Disney animated film
19. City in Mali historically known for its ancient learning and remoteness
24. Early encampment area key to Aldershot’s military garrison development
25. Nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus splits into smaller parts, releasing energy
28. Dutch F1 driver and world champion for Red Bull Racing
31. Measured by checking the rhythmic expansion of arteries
34. Tight bend in a racing circuit designed to slow cars down
37. Main circuit board that connects and allows communication between all computer components
40. Chemical element with the symbol W and extremely high melting point (Chemistry)
41. Abbreviation for the ocean current that Marlin and Dory ride in *Finding Nemo*
42. Paris museum housing the Mona Lisa
45. Fabled sunken city described by Plato and tied to divine punishment
46. Rotational force, often measured in Newton-metres
47. Athletic competition combining ten track and field events
48. Icy moon of Jupiter believed to have a subsurface ocean
52. Particle representing a quantum of light
53. Hampshire site of a flying boat base and a Henry VIII-era artillery fort
54. Small, high-speed memory storing frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval
55. Savory tart with egg-based custard filling
58. Meringue-based dessert named after a Russian ballerina, popular in Australasia
62. Character in *Macbeth* whose descendants are prophesied to be kings
64. Magic used to protect one’s thoughts from external intrusion (Harry Potter)
67. Founder of Time Lord society and key figure in *Doctor Who* mythology
68. Character in *Hamlet* who drowns in a river
69. Middle Eastern dip made from chickpeas and tahini
71. 14-line poem with specific rhyme and meter rules
73. WWII cipher machine used by Germany, famously cracked by Allied codebreakers
74. Large-caliber guns used in warfare to launch munitions over long distances
75. Greek sun god who drove a golden chariot across the sky
77. Mind-reading magical ability used by skilled wizards (Harry Potter)
78. Shape-shifting alien race that appears in *Doctor Who*
79. Creative engineer behind Disney’s storytelling innovations
80. Bowling technique in cricket that turns the ball from off to leg side for a right-handed batter
81. Kingdom of Men in *The Lord of the Rings*, home to Minas Tirith

Down

1. Boat-driving turtle who sings sea shanties while ferrying players (Animal Crossing)
2. Fictional millionaire known for lavish parties in a classic American novel
5. Starfish in *Finding Nemo* who clings to the tank wall and listens to the filter
6. Popular garden plant with aromatic leaves and colorful flowers
8. Amphibian often confused with frogs, typically has dry, warty skin
9. 1415 battle where English longbowmen defeated a larger French force during the Hundred Years’ War
14. Type of bread made from a fermented starter
15. Variant of a chemical element differing in neutron number but not proton number
16. Sims world with a military base and mind-altering spores
17. Character ordered to kill Snow White but spares her life
18. Capital city of The Gambia, located at the mouth of the Gambia River
20. Missing character in The Sims tied to alien abduction conspiracies
21. The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
22. Skeletal winged creatures only visible to those who’ve witnessed death (Harry Potter)
23. In football, a rule violation involving player position ahead of the ball
26. Historic Hampshire city, former capital of England and home to a medieval cathedral
27. Jackal-headed deity associated with mummification and guiding souls to the afterlife
29. Basin for examining and storing memories (Harry Potter)
30. Technique or phrase used to aid memory retention through pattern or association
32. Massive cloud of gas and dust where stars are born
33. Influential artist known for his alter ego Ziggy Stardust
35. Bound collection of geographic or celestial maps
36. Composer of nine symphonies, continued to write while deaf
38. Mountain range stretching along the western coast of South America
39. Rift in time and space on *Doctor Who* said to drive Time Lords mad or inspire greatness
40. Describes the large plates whose movements shape Earth's surface
43. Mathematical operation that multiplies a number by all positive integers below it
44. Large volcanic crater formed by a collapse after eruption
49. Fictional Middle Eastern city in *Aladdin*
50. Floating icon above a Sim, indicating emotional and physical state
51. Comet that appears approximately every 76 years
56. Repetitive low-pitched pattern forming the rhythmic foundation in music
57. Organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell (Biology)
59. Mathematician and codebreaker who helped crack the Enigma cipher in WWII
60. Name of Cruella de Vil’s ancestral estate in *101 Dalmatians*
61. Vocal technique allowing singers to hit high notes beyond normal range
63. Ancient stone that enabled scholars to decode Egyptian hieroglyphs using Greek
65. Physical force associated with attraction and repulsion of charged particles
66. Organic material used to enrich garden soil
70. British reality competition where amateur contestants face technical and showstopper challenges in the kitchen
72. Secret organization linked to alien activity in the *Doctor Who* universe
76. Dark creatures made from reanimated corpses (Harry Potter)

Across

4. the Greek word meaning "excessive pride" that is commonly used as the protagonist's tragic flaw in a Greek tragedy
7. Greek philosopher who studied under Sophocles and who taught Aristotle
8. In the early stages of Greek theater, it was Sophocles who introduced a ___ player to the stage
9. delivered in response to a strophe; while performing this, the chorus twists/dances from left to right
11. songs used to divide scenes in a Greek play
13. Greek plays are ___ ___ in which the dialog takes the form of poetry
15. the Greek word for actor which means "someone acting a part"
16. a Greek art form rooted in religious ritual
21. this two-word term is used to describe the main character in a tragedy who experiences a reversal of fortune
23. god of wine, often depicted wearing a beard and a grapevine crown
24. performers wore these so the same actor could perform different roles in a play
26. one of the three grand masters of Greek tragedy; playwright who wrote Oedipus, the King; most famous for his character development and insight into human nature
29. this element of a Greek tragedy comes at the end and is performed by the chorus in gratitude to Dionysus
30. an outdoor performance area in the shape of a semi-circle that was built on a slope with seating that rose
32. a serious play recounting related events in the life of a person of high rank or importance who is brought low and often meets his/her doom.
33. this Greek city-state was the world's first democracy; became a great intellectual center, attracting artists, poets, scientists, and philosophers
36. "marketplace" where the earliest dramas were likely performed in Athens
38. another word for exposition--the part of a Greek play that presents the background of the conflict
39. this opening song follows the prologue and is performed by the chorus in a Greek play
41. a cleansing or release of the emotions of pity or fear that occurs at the end of a Greek tragedy
43. Between the three of them, the grand masters of Greek tragedy won first prize at the annual drama competitions in Athens this many times
45. "the events comes as no ___ to most audience members" of a Greek tragedy because they "knew the myths upon which the plays were based"
47. a word that has come to mean a disastrous outcome
49. an English word for an actor which derives from the name of the first actor
50. rival character whose opposition contributes to the main character's downfall in a Greek tragedy
52. the upper point of the city (Athens) where the theater of Dionysus was built
54. a concluding stanza of an ode during which the chorus may stand still
55. the Greeks adapted this writing system to form the first true alphabet

Down

1. the name of annual Greek festivals where theater in ancient Greece originated
2. another play by Sophocles that tells the story of Oedipus' daughter
3. a set of stories the Greeks told to explain the world around them
5. the Athenian victory over the Persians marks the beginning of Athen's ___ ___; this era ended when Athens surrendered to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War
6. a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena; one of the most important surviving structures from Greece's Golden Age
10. Sophocles won first prize at the annual Dionysia in Athens this many times
12. one of the three grand masters of Greek tragedy; is noted for his efforts to address social concerns and humanitarian themes in his plays
14. this two-word term is used to describe the period of time in ancient Greek society when the art of writing was lost and many kingdoms broke down into small tribal units
17. the name of the first actor
18. this type of play is described as a "bawdy drama" was often included as one of the four plays performed during a three-day festival
19. each ___ in Greek religion was associated with one or more aspects of nature or human behavior
20. a group of singers who were central to the production of a Greek play; used to provide key information and commentary on the action
22. the Greek word for a profound error in judgement
25. the number of Sophocles' plays which survive
26. this Greek city-state was ruled by a monarchy
27. the term used to describe the hymns chanted by the chorus to honor Dionysus
28. Greek word meaning "twist"; while performing this, the chorus twists/dances from right to left
30. one of the three grand masters of Greek tragedy; a Greek playwright who further developed Greek theater by adding a second actor; the pioneer of tragedy; praised for his poetic language
31. a group of four plays
34. (king) a term used to describe the person at the top of the social pyramid in ancient Greek society
35. the term used to describe the chorus leader; this person often exchanges thoughts with the rest of the chorus as well as with the actors
37. the name of the performing area in an amphitheater
40. plays a decisive role in ensuring the protagonist's downfall in a Greek tragedy
42. the English word derived from the Greek word for actor
44. a Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; examined the mechanisms that made tragedy so compelling for audiences
46. Sophocles is credited with the practice of using ___ scenery
48. the final scene in a Greek tragedy
51. after the Battle of ___, an Athenian soldier races 26 miles back to Athens to share the news of the victory. He then collapsed and died.
53. title of a famous examination of tragedy; remains the most influential discussion of drama the world has ever seen

Across

4. -Alto is a range of pitches normally assigned to a singer in a choir. The alto range of pitches is below Soprano but higher than the Tenor range.
5. -1678–1741, Italian violinist and composer
7. -The line on the bottom
9. -Vivace means lively or vivacious in Italian. Typically this instruction suggests a fast tempo, louder dynamic, and bright playing.
13. -a public musical performance in which a number of singers or instrumentalists, or both, participate
16. -Leggero means light in Italian. In sheet music leggero means to play lightly, usually at a quicker pace and in a light-hearted manner.
18. -a brief record of something written down to assist the memory or for future reference.
19. -Andante is used to describe a moderately slow tempo. It’s Italian meaning “to-go about” suggests a walking pace to be used in a piece of music.
20. -A crescendo is a gradual increase in dynamic volume during a section of music.
23. -Forte is a term used to describe a louder dynamic. Forte should be louder than mezzo-forte but quieter than fortissimo.
25. -In music, flat refers to the relative tonal quality of a note. A flat note is one half-step below the same natural note in pitch.
28. -conforming to ancient Greek and Roman models in literature or art, or to later systems modeled upon them.
30. -1685–1759, German composer in England after 1712.
32. -1862–1918, French composer.
33. -1797–1848, Italian operatic composer.
35. -A time of music
36. -A cadenza is a moment in a musical piece where an instrumentalist or singer is given the opportunity to play a solo freely and with artistic license to go outside of a rigid tempo or rhythm.
38. -1797–1828, Austrian composer.
39. -A coda is a symbol used in sheet music to denote where the final passage of a piece begins. A piece will include a “da coda” instruction to tell the orchestra when to proceed to the beginning of the final passage.
40. -explosive sound
43. - Father of Music
44. -play it in 30 second
46. -1756–91, Austrian composer
48. -1810–49, Polish composer and pianist, in France after 1831.
49. -an American singer
51. -a note is upon another note
53. -An accent is when a specific note or phrase is emphasized with an increase in intensity above other non-accented notes.
55. -Allegro means cheerful in Italian. In music, it means the music should be played at an upbeat and bright tempo.
56. -a stringed musical instrument with a long, fretted neck, a flat, somewhat violinlike body
57. -any hollow tree or similar object or device used in this way.
58. -the treble instrument of the family of modern bowed instruments

Down

1. -1882–1971, U.S. composer, born in Russia.
2. - 1770–1827, German composer
3. -1833–97, German composer.
6. -The opposite of a crescendo, a diminuendo is a decrease in dynamic volume during a section of music.
8. -music originating in New Orleans around the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently developing through various increasingly complex styles, generally marked by intricate, propulsive rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, improvisatory, virtuosic solos, melodic freedom, and a harmonic idiom ranging from simple diatonicism through chromaticism to atonality.
10. -1860–1911, Austrian composer and conductor, born in Bohemia.
11. tone -A quarter tone is a musical interval that is half the value of a semitone and a quarter of the value of a whole tone.
12. -Scherzo refers to a short orchestral piece of music.
14. -A rondo is a type of orchestral form or song structure. It usually consists of multiple repeating sections.
15. -A cadence is a sequence of chords used to signify the end of a phrase.
17. -In music, a bar is a subsection of time that’s defined by a time signature. For example, a 4/4 time signature assigns four quarter notes to each bar.
20. -an instrument with string
21. - People can sing it
22. -A sharp musical note is a semitone higher in intonation than the same natural note.
24. -the forms and treatments in art used during this period.
26. -Adagio means slowly in Italian. In music, it signifies that a piece should be played a slower tempo or speed.
27. -the person who tells how to do
29. -canons in music are when a melody is played by one instrument or group of instruments, and then repeated a certain number of bars later by another instrument to overlap the initial melody.
31. -In music legato means to connect each note smoothly without much articulation between notes.
34. -Tempo is the pace or speed at which a piece of music is played. Usually, the tempo will define the length and duration of a quarter note.
35. -a song, originating with African Americans, that is marked by the frequent occurrence of blue notes, and that takes the basic form, customarily improvised upon in performance, of a 12-bar chorus consisting of a 3-line stanza with the second line repeating the first.
37. -An arpeggio is when a chord of notes is broken and played in sequence. For example, a C major arpeggio would be played C-E-G-C.
41. -1803–69, French composer.
42. -1811–96, French composer
45. -Trill is an instruction to sustain rapid alternation between two different pitches.
47. -1732–1809, Austrian composer.
50. -1813–83, German composer.
52. -Vibrato is an effect where the pitch of a note is subtly moved up and down to create a vibrating effect.
54. -an instrument with key

Across

2. is an ongoing asymmetric low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military began to intervene in 2006, the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence
4. served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017
5. The U.S.-UK invasion of Afghanistan on October 7, 2001, toppled the brutal Taliban regime. It stands out as the most conventional action in a war that has rewritten the rules on conflict
8. is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia, a position he has filled since 2012, and previously from 2000 until 2008
9. topped the box office in 2000 with the release of Cast Away. The star earned an Oscar nomination for his role as the marooned Chuck in the Robert Zemeckis drama and made $429.6 million in worldwide ticket sale
13. started Google while students at Stanford. They first incorporated in 1998, and went public in 2004. Google is responsible for the way we use the internet; its goal has been to organize knowledge and make it widely available. It has become the accepted word for searching for information on the internet. It also is highly rated as an employer, with policies that encourage creativity
15. at age 50 on June 25, 2009, led to tributes all over the world. The sudden death of the pop star
18. But in 2001, as the music industry struggled to control its revenue streams in the era of file sharing and piracy, Apple developed the iPod, the most profitable mp3 player of its era, along with iTunes, an online marketplace that hastened the obsolescence of physical media (well, CDs, anyway). But the release of the iPhone in 2007 truly broadened consumers’ technological landscapes—not just by putting the computing and communication power of a personal computer in the palm of their hands, but by paving the way for a constant level of connectivity and interactivity that has changed the way we experience the world.
21. The people of the Gulf Coast braced themselves as the sixth strongest hurricane in Atlantic history hurtled their way
23. became Ethan Hunt for a second time in 2000, hitting the big screen in Mission: Impossible II
24. went to battle in 2000, appearing as Maximus Decimus Meridius in Gladiator

Down

1. set in motion the main events of the decade. He set two wars in motion, created an environment in this country that allowed the government to undo decades of civil liberties progress in the name of safety.
3. in this decade perhaps most significant is his use of talking points in delivering the news, especially on the Fox News Network. Fox leads other cable news channels. Fox watchers still believe that Saddam Hussein was responsible for the attacks of 9/11.
6. during his tenure as head of the Federal Reserve probably had more to do with the policies that set this in motion than anyone else. He has admitted that he believed in market forces that would self-regulate, and that he was wrong.
7. People all over the United States remember where they were when news broke that a plane had flown into the World Trade Center in New York City. The morning of September 11, 2001, would end with two hijacked airliners flown into each of the WTC towers, another plane flown into the Pentagon, and a fourth plane crashing into the ground in Pennsylvania after passengers stormed the cockpit. Nearly 3,000 people died in the country's worst terrorist attack, which made al-Qaida and Osama bin Laden household names
10. became an Oscar winner on March 26, 2000, taking home the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Lisa Rowe in Girl, Interrupted. She returned to theaters just months later in Gone in 60 Seconds, making $237.2 million worldwide
11. In December 2007, the U.S. experienced its worst economic downturn since the Great Depression
12. his is the name that history will put on the policies that followed 9/11
14. an economist whose research dealt specifically with the economic fallout from financial crises, luckily happened to be the Fed chair at the time. His unprecedented program of emergency loans and quantitative easing (including bailing out Europe) helped prevent the crisis from reaching Depression levels, and arguably made the global recovery more rapid
16. were in their pop heyday in 2000. The pop singers performed at the 2000 Grammys where they were nominated for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "I Want It That Way" and Album of the Year for Millennium. Months after the Grammys, BSB went multiplatinum with the November 2000 debut of Black & Blue
17. The actor had a diverse schedule, lending his voice to the animated Chicken Run, starring as Benjamin Martin in the Roland Emmerich drama The Patriot, appearing alongside Milla Jovovich and Jeremy Davies in The Million Dollar Hotel, and trying out romantic comedies with the blockbuster What Women Want.
19. When the menace known as the Joker wreaks havoc and chaos on the people of Gotham, Batman must accept one of the greatest psychological and physical tests of his ability to fight injustice(came out in 2008)
20. The intelligence that led to the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 remains a controversy, but the invasion changed the decade in a way that its predecessor, the Gulf War, didn't
22. A listless and alienated teenager decides to help his new friend win the class presidency in their small western high school, while he must deal with his bizarre family life back home.
25. Iraq's brutal dictator since 1979

Across

3. Ecosystem characterized by grasslands with scattered trees
4. Disney concept for a utopian experimental city turned theme park
7. Sensory organs found on the heads of insects
10. Double-reed woodwind instrument with a bright, penetrating tone
11. Dumbledore’s sister, whose tragic past influenced his views on power (Harry Potter)
12. Pear-shaped fruit containing monounsaturated fats and often classified as a berry
13. Crime-solving mouse and detective in a 1986 Disney animated film
19. City in Mali historically known for its ancient learning and remoteness
24. Early encampment area key to Aldershot’s military garrison development
25. Nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus splits into smaller parts, releasing energy
28. Dutch F1 driver and world champion for Red Bull Racing
31. Measured by checking the rhythmic expansion of arteries
34. Tight bend in a racing circuit designed to slow cars down
37. Main circuit board that connects and allows communication between all computer components
40. Chemical element with the symbol W and extremely high melting point (Chemistry)
41. Abbreviation for the ocean current that Marlin and Dory ride in *Finding Nemo*
42. Paris museum housing the Mona Lisa
45. Fabled sunken city described by Plato and tied to divine punishment
46. Rotational force, often measured in Newton-metres
47. Athletic competition combining ten track and field events
48. Icy moon of Jupiter believed to have a subsurface ocean
52. Particle representing a quantum of light
53. Hampshire site of a flying boat base and a Henry VIII-era artillery fort
54. Small, high-speed memory storing frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval
55. Savory tart with egg-based custard filling
58. Meringue-based dessert named after a Russian ballerina, popular in Australasia
62. Character in *Macbeth* whose descendants are prophesied to be kings
64. Magic used to protect one’s thoughts from external intrusion (Harry Potter)
67. Founder of Time Lord society and key figure in *Doctor Who* mythology
68. Character in *Hamlet* who drowns in a river
69. Middle Eastern dip made from chickpeas and tahini
71. 14-line poem with specific rhyme and meter rules
73. WWII cipher machine used by Germany, famously cracked by Allied codebreakers
74. Large-caliber guns used in warfare to launch munitions over long distances
75. Greek sun god who drove a golden chariot across the sky
77. Mind-reading magical ability used by skilled wizards (Harry Potter)
78. Shape-shifting alien race that appears in *Doctor Who*
79. Creative engineer behind Disney’s storytelling innovations
80. Bowling technique in cricket that turns the ball from off to leg side for a right-handed batter
81. Kingdom of Men in *The Lord of the Rings*, home to Minas Tirith

Down

1. Boat-driving turtle who sings sea shanties while ferrying players (Animal Crossing)
2. Fictional millionaire known for lavish parties in a classic American novel
5. Starfish in *Finding Nemo* who clings to the tank wall and listens to the filter
6. Popular garden plant with aromatic leaves and colorful flowers
8. Amphibian often confused with frogs, typically has dry, warty skin
9. 1415 battle where English longbowmen defeated a larger French force during the Hundred Years’ War
14. Type of bread made from a fermented starter
15. Variant of a chemical element differing in neutron number but not proton number
16. Sims world with a military base and mind-altering spores
17. Character ordered to kill Snow White but spares her life
18. Capital city of The Gambia, located at the mouth of the Gambia River
20. Missing character in The Sims tied to alien abduction conspiracies
21. The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
22. Skeletal winged creatures only visible to those who’ve witnessed death (Harry Potter)
23. In football, a rule violation involving player position ahead of the ball
26. Historic Hampshire city, former capital of England and home to a medieval cathedral
27. Jackal-headed deity associated with mummification and guiding souls to the afterlife
29. Basin for examining and storing memories (Harry Potter)
30. Technique or phrase used to aid memory retention through pattern or association
32. Massive cloud of gas and dust where stars are born
33. Influential artist known for his alter ego Ziggy Stardust
35. Bound collection of geographic or celestial maps
36. Composer of nine symphonies, continued to write while deaf
38. Mountain range stretching along the western coast of South America
39. Rift in time and space on *Doctor Who* said to drive Time Lords mad or inspire greatness
40. Describes the large plates whose movements shape Earth's surface
43. Mathematical operation that multiplies a number by all positive integers below it
44. Large volcanic crater formed by a collapse after eruption
49. Fictional Middle Eastern city in *Aladdin*
50. Floating icon above a Sim, indicating emotional and physical state
51. Comet that appears approximately every 76 years
56. Repetitive low-pitched pattern forming the rhythmic foundation in music
57. Organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell (Biology)
59. Mathematician and codebreaker who helped crack the Enigma cipher in WWII
60. Name of Cruella de Vil’s ancestral estate in *101 Dalmatians*
61. Vocal technique allowing singers to hit high notes beyond normal range
63. Ancient stone that enabled scholars to decode Egyptian hieroglyphs using Greek
65. Physical force associated with attraction and repulsion of charged particles
66. Organic material used to enrich garden soil
70. British reality competition where amateur contestants face technical and showstopper challenges in the kitchen
72. Secret organization linked to alien activity in the *Doctor Who* universe
76. Dark creatures made from reanimated corpses (Harry Potter)

Across

2. A small five-stringed guitar, which is an essential component of trios huastecos and jarocho ensembles
6. Tall, membranophone drum, with a membrane typically made of jaguar skin; the Mexicas and Mayas considered it to be sacred and is still in use in many religious ceremonies, like the concheros dance
8. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
9. _________ murals: fresco paintings found inside a temple in his Mayan city, depicting a ceremony including musicians and musical instruments which provide information about music in the Mayan world
11. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
17. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
20. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
24. Danza del __________: Oldest and most distinctive ritual dance of the Yaquis, depicting the hunt of a deer. The dancer carries aiyam and wears tenábaris on his legs and rihhutiam around his waist; he is accompanied by hirukiam and ba kubahe as well as singing
26. Capital of the Mexica empire, founded in Central Mexico in 1325; after Cortés conquered it in 1521, the Spanish founded Mexico City on its ruins
27. Word describing a type of son typical of the Huasteca region, and a type of son accompaniment pattern executed rasgueado on instruments of the guitar family; Also known as son huasteco, it features sesquialtera rhythms, falsetto singing, and two singers who alternate coplas with a violinist who improvises fast phrases between sets of coplas
28. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
30. Language spoken by the ancient Mexicas, as well as by many modern indigenous groups of central and southern Mexico
31. Spanish folk dance in triple meter, accompanied by guitar, introduced in Spain in the 17th century, danced by couples who perform footwork while playing castanets. The dance was often described as “provocative”
32. Small four-string guitar, used in son jarocho ensembles
35. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African diaspora musics
36. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
38. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
39. Mexican intellectual who coined the term “raza cósmica” to describe what he saw as the superiority of the mixed-race peoples of Latin America
42. ______ or teneboim: idiophone leg rattles, made from cocoons of the giant silk moth that are dried, filled with seeds, and strung together. Originally used by the Yaquis in their deer dances and pascolas, now used also during Concheros dances in other parts of Mexico
43. President of Mexico who in the 1930s institutionalized the Mexican Revolutionary reforms, including the nationalization of the oil and mining industries
45. a term describing the ethnic and cultural mixing that occurred in Spanish America during colonial times
47. The process during which an individual or group adapts or borrows traits from another culture; it acknowledges negotiation and the merging of cultures, in contrast with the now outdated concept of assimilation which assumed the original culture was lost
48. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
49. _______ or Yoeme people, indigenous group of Northwestern Mexico and Arizona; their ritual dances include the Danza del Venado, the Pascola, and the Matachines
51. Guitarra ___________, also known as quinta: a deep-bodied guitar with eight strings, which is an essential component of trios huastecos
52. Penitential dance depicting indigenous converts on a religious pilgrimage, still performed by many indigenous and Mestizos throughout Mexico, typically for saint days and especially for the Virgin of Guadalupe; the dancers carry ayacachtlis and wear tenábaris and are accompanied by huéhuetl
54. Missionary who evangelized the region of Northern New Spain known as the Pimería (now Sonora and Southern Arizona)
57. Son ________: song and dance from the region south of the port of Veracruz, featuring some Afro-Caribbean elements like interlocking polyrhythms played by jarana, requinto and harp
62. Refrain or chorus; the part of a text, set to music, which repeats both text and music. Usually alternates with coplas
63. Mexican artist whose murals exemplify the tenets of Revolutionary Nationalism
65. Traditional ritual dance of Northern Mexico, in which the Pahko (Old Man of the Fiesta) acts as host, dancing with rihhutiam and koyolim around his waist, tenebaris on his legs and carries senasom. He is accompanied by violin, harp, flute and drum. The dance originated with the Yaqui but is also performed by other indigenous groups of what was Northern New Spain
68. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
69. A villancico depicting the music, song and dance of black people
70. Verse or stanza; the part of a text, set to music, which changes text over repeated music.
71. Petition ceremonial dance of the Tarahumaras, in which a dancer holds a gourd rattle
74. High-pitched range produced by most adult male singers through an artificial technique whereby the vocal chords vibrate only in part; it is a characteristic element of huapango singing
75. Lamellophone of Afro-Caribbean origin, used in son jarocho

Down

1. Spanish folk dance in triple meter, accompanied by guitar and castanets. In southern Mexico, in the Huasteca and Jarocho regions, the same word is used to describe a communal celebration during which sones are danced on a tarima
3. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
4. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
5. A Mexican mestizo son that appeared in Mexico around the mid-18th century, denounced by the Inquisition as “indecent, lewd, disgraceful, and provocative.” In spite of the ban, it became associated with the Independence fight, and later became Mexico’s national dance
7. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
10. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
12. Mexican dancer and choreographer who founded the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico
13. Grupo _________: Jarocho ensemble founded in 1977 by Gilberto Gutierrez Silva, credited with revitalizing the son jarocho and fandango tradition
14. Los __________: Trío huasteco founded in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, in 1974, considered one of the signature representatives of son huasteco
15. A characteristic rhythmic feature of both Spanish and Mexican mestizo music, which consists of the rapid alternation between triple and duple units, creating uneven accents
16. Person in charge of the musical activities of a cathedral, including the hiring and training of musicians and choir boys, and the composition of works for liturgical performance
18. Fray Bernardino de _______: Spanish missionary who, in the years immediately after the Conquest of Tenochtitlán, collected the history and customs of the Mexicas into a bilingual Spanish-Náhuatl book now known as the Florentine Codex
19. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
21. Name that the Aztecs took after settling in Tenochtitlán; from this name the modern name of Mexico is derived
22. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
23. A Catholic hymn of praise, introduced in the 18th century by Franciscan missionaries, especially in the missions of Northern Nueva España; they are still in use in many rural churches in Mexico and the SW U.S.
25. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
29. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
33. Spanish missionary who founded the first school of music in Nueva España in 1523, to use music as part of the conversion of the indigenous peoples of Mexico
34. Spanish vernacular musical and poetic form consisting of several coplas framed by a refrain. They typically had sacred themes and were sung in feast days, and are still sung today throughout the Spanish-speaking world, primarily during Christmas
37. Spanish explorer who discovered and then conquered the Aztec city of Tenochtitlán (Mexico City)
40. Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican Independence struggle, famous for issuing the “Grito” that sparked the initial revolt
41. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
44. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
45. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
46. _______ or Rarámuri people, indigenous group of central and Southern Chihuahua, who until the 20th century underwent very little acculturation; their ritual dances include the yúmari, pascola and matachines
50. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
53. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
55. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
56. La ________: Region of east-central Mexico along the Gulf Coast, incl. Southern Tamaulipas, Northern Veracruz, and parts of Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí and Querétaro; a distinctive musical culture emerged there focusing on the huapango
58. ________ de Papantla: Ritual petition dance from the Totonacas of the Huasteca region, in which a dancer plays flute and drum on top of a tall pillar while four dancers tied to the pillar with ropes “fly” downwards towards the ground
59. Juan Gutierrez de Composer who was maestro de capilla in the Puebla cathedral in the 17th century, known primarily for his sacred polychoral works and his villancicos
60. Ideophone drum made by carving a log, with an H-shaped cutout in the top which produces two different pitches when struck with a stick; the Mexicas and Mayas considered it to be sacred and is still in use in many religious ceremonies
61. Indigenous devotional dance of Northern Mexico, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The dancers, aligned in three rows, perform a dance resembling a contradance to the accompaniment of violin and guitar. Each dancer holds aiyam painted red, which is shaken at specific points in the dance, and they wear headdresses with streamers and mirrors. Although it originated among the Yaquis, it is performed by other indigenous groups of what was Northern New Spain
64. The arrangement of time durations in music
66. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
67. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
72. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
73. Indigenous people of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras; they had one of the greatest civilizations of the pre-Columbian era. They built several large cities such as Copán, Tikal, Uxmal and Bonampak, used a glyphic writing system and had achievements in astronomy and mathematics

Across

3. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
4. Guitarra ___________, also known as quinta: a deep-bodied guitar with eight strings, which is an essential component of trios huastecos
6. Spanish missionary who founded the first school of music in Nueva España in 1523, to use music as part of the conversion of the indigenous peoples of Mexico
7. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
9. Penitential dance depicting indigenous converts on a religious pilgrimage, still performed by many indigenous and Mestizos throughout Mexico, typically for saint days and especially for the Virgin of Guadalupe; the dancers carry ayacachtlis and wear tenábaris and are accompanied by huéhuetl
13. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
14. Small four-string guitar, used in son jarocho ensembles
15. A villancico depicting the music, song and dance of black people
16. Ideophone drum made by carving a log, with an H-shaped cutout in the top which produces two different pitches when struck with a stick; the Mexicas and Mayas considered it to be sacred and is still in use in many religious ceremonies
18. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
22. Refrain or chorus; the part of a text, set to music, which repeats both text and music. Usually alternates with coplas
23. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
25. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
26. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
27. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
29. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
33. _______ or Yoeme people, indigenous group of Northwestern Mexico and Arizona; their ritual dances include the Danza del Venado, the Pascola, and the Matachines
34. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African diaspora musics
38. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
42. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
43. President of Mexico who in the 1930s institutionalized the Mexican Revolutionary reforms, including the nationalization of the oil and mining industries
48. Spanish vernacular musical and poetic form consisting of several coplas framed by a refrain. They typically had sacred themes and were sung in feast days, and are still sung today throughout the Spanish-speaking world, primarily during Christmas
50. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
51. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
52. Indigenous people of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras; they had one of the greatest civilizations of the pre-Columbian era. They built several large cities such as Copán, Tikal, Uxmal and Bonampak, used a glyphic writing system and had achievements in astronomy and mathematics
53. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
54. Name that the Aztecs took after settling in Tenochtitlán; from this name the modern name of Mexico is derived
56. _________ murals: fresco paintings found inside a temple in his Mayan city, depicting a ceremony including musicians and musical instruments which provide information about music in the Mayan world
57. Capital of the Mexica empire, founded in Central Mexico in 1325; after Cortés conquered it in 1521, the Spanish founded Mexico City on its ruins
61. A Catholic hymn of praise, introduced in the 18th century by Franciscan missionaries, especially in the missions of Northern Nueva España; they are still in use in many rural churches in Mexico and the SW U.S.
62. The arrangement of time durations in music
63. La ________: Region of east-central Mexico along the Gulf Coast, incl. Southern Tamaulipas, Northern Veracruz, and parts of Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí and Querétaro; a distinctive musical culture emerged there focusing on the huapango
64. a term describing the ethnic and cultural mixing that occurred in Spanish America during colonial times
66. Fray Bernardino de _______: Spanish missionary who, in the years immediately after the Conquest of Tenochtitlán, collected the history and customs of the Mexicas into a bilingual Spanish-Náhuatl book now known as the Florentine Codex
67. Mexican intellectual who coined the term “raza cósmica” to describe what he saw as the superiority of the mixed-race peoples of Latin America
70. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
71. Spanish folk dance in triple meter, accompanied by guitar and castanets. In southern Mexico, in the Huasteca and Jarocho regions, the same word is used to describe a communal celebration during which sones are danced on a tarima
72. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
73. Petition ceremonial dance of the Tarahumaras, in which a dancer holds a gourd rattle
74. Lamellophone of Afro-Caribbean origin, used in son jarocho

Down

1. Mexican artist whose murals exemplify the tenets of Revolutionary Nationalism
2. Traditional ritual dance of Northern Mexico, in which the Pahko (Old Man of the Fiesta) acts as host, dancing with rihhutiam and koyolim around his waist, tenebaris on his legs and carries senasom. He is accompanied by violin, harp, flute and drum. The dance originated with the Yaqui but is also performed by other indigenous groups of what was Northern New Spain
5. A characteristic rhythmic feature of both Spanish and Mexican mestizo music, which consists of the rapid alternation between triple and duple units, creating uneven accents
8. The process during which an individual or group adapts or borrows traits from another culture; it acknowledges negotiation and the merging of cultures, in contrast with the now outdated concept of assimilation which assumed the original culture was lost
10. Missionary who evangelized the region of Northern New Spain known as the Pimería (now Sonora and Southern Arizona)
11. Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican Independence struggle, famous for issuing the “Grito” that sparked the initial revolt
12. Verse or stanza; the part of a text, set to music, which changes text over repeated music.
17. High-pitched range produced by most adult male singers through an artificial technique whereby the vocal chords vibrate only in part; it is a characteristic element of huapango singing
19. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
20. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
21. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
24. Son ________: song and dance from the region south of the port of Veracruz, featuring some Afro-Caribbean elements like interlocking polyrhythms played by jarana, requinto and harp
28. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
29. _______ or Rarámuri people, indigenous group of central and Southern Chihuahua, who until the 20th century underwent very little acculturation; their ritual dances include the yúmari, pascola and matachines
30. Mexican dancer and choreographer who founded the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico
31. Tall, membranophone drum, with a membrane typically made of jaguar skin; the Mexicas and Mayas considered it to be sacred and is still in use in many religious ceremonies, like the concheros dance
32. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
35. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
36. Language spoken by the ancient Mexicas, as well as by many modern indigenous groups of central and southern Mexico
37. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
39. Word describing a type of son typical of the Huasteca region, and a type of son accompaniment pattern executed rasgueado on instruments of the guitar family; Also known as son huasteco, it features sesquialtera rhythms, falsetto singing, and two singers who alternate coplas with a violinist who improvises fast phrases between sets of coplas
40. Spanish folk dance in triple meter, accompanied by guitar, introduced in Spain in the 17th century, danced by couples who perform footwork while playing castanets. The dance was often described as “provocative”
41. ________ de Papantla: Ritual petition dance from the Totonacas of the Huasteca region, in which a dancer plays flute and drum on top of a tall pillar while four dancers tied to the pillar with ropes “fly” downwards towards the ground
44. Grupo _________: Jarocho ensemble founded in 1977 by Gilberto Gutierrez Silva, credited with revitalizing the son jarocho and fandango tradition
45. A Mexican mestizo son that appeared in Mexico around the mid-18th century, denounced by the Inquisition as “indecent, lewd, disgraceful, and provocative.” In spite of the ban, it became associated with the Independence fight, and later became Mexico’s national dance
46. Spanish explorer who discovered and then conquered the Aztec city of Tenochtitlán (Mexico City)
47. Indigenous devotional dance of Northern Mexico, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The dancers, aligned in three rows, perform a dance resembling a contradance to the accompaniment of violin and guitar. Each dancer holds aiyam painted red, which is shaken at specific points in the dance, and they wear headdresses with streamers and mirrors. Although it originated among the Yaquis, it is performed by other indigenous groups of what was Northern New Spain
49. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
54. de capilla Person in charge of the musical activities of a cathedral, including the hiring and training of musicians and choir boys, and the composition of works for liturgical performance
55. Juan Gutierrez de Composer who was maestro de capilla in the Puebla cathedral in the 17th century, known primarily for his sacred polychoral works and his villancicos
58. Los __________: Trío huasteco founded in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, in 1974, considered one of the signature representatives of son huasteco
59. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
60. ______ or teneboim: idiophone leg rattles, made from cocoons of the giant silk moth that are dried, filled with seeds, and strung together. Originally used by the Yaquis in their deer dances and pascolas, now used also during Concheros dances in other parts of Mexico
65. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
68. Danza del __________: Oldest and most distinctive ritual dance of the Yaquis, depicting the hunt of a deer. The dancer carries aiyam and wears tenábaris on his legs and rihhutiam around his waist; he is accompanied by hirukiam and ba kubahe as well as singing
69. A small five-stringed guitar, which is an essential component of trios huastecos and jarocho ensembles

Across

4. Male singer who was castrated before his voice changed, often featured in Italian opera of the Baroque.
6. Polyphonic setting of a secular poem, common in Renaissance music.
8. Elaborate piece for voice and orchestra in an opera, cantata, or oratorio.
11. Form: ABA
17. Musical embellishment, often improvised by performers
18. Preexisting chant or other melody presented in one voice of a polyphonic work, often in slow time values, while other voices weave melodies around it.
23. Aria with an ABA; form, prevalent in the Baroque period.
24. High male voice
28. Medieval French musicians who played and sang secular music
29. Close of a musical phrase or statement.
30. In a fugue, a musical line that is presented every time the fugue subject appears.
33. Italian “Beautiful Song.” Italian style of singing, associated with early nineteenth-century opera, characterized by a lyrical and highly ornamented style.
36. In first-movement sonata forms, the main middle section, in which melodies and motives from the first section are fragmented, recombined, and used in combination with modulation/key changes
39. Monophonic religious melody sung in Latin, without instrumental accompaniment; its rhythm is not notated
41. Plucked string instrument popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods and often used to accompany song
42. Continuous bass line and chords, used in the Baroque period to accompany one or more melodic lines, and most often played by a bass melody instrument and a keyboard instrument, for example cello and harpsichord.
46. Ending section of a first-movement sonata or other movement.
47. Use of music to imitate images and sounds described in the text
49. Type of Italian opera of the eighteenth century with a serious (often historical or mythological) subject matter, generally in three acts.
50. Text setting with many notes per syllable
52. The art of creating simultaneous independent melodies.
55. Lower range for female or child's voice.
56. Text of an opera.
57. Piece for orchestra, usually in four movements, especially important in the Classic period
58. Sung portions of the Mass text that do not vary according to the church calendar: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei.

Down

1. Lowest range for male voice
2. Form: AABB where the A comes back at the end of the B
3. Instrumental showpiece, most often for keyboard instrument, often improvisatory in sound, and common in the Baroque period.
4. Music performed by a small number of people; originally intended for a small audience.
5. Popular Baroque dance in compound meter.
7. Recitative in which the orchestra provides an accompaniment, and generally reserved for moments of high intensity or importance.
9. Rhythm of chord changes; the speed at which the harmony changes in a piece of music.
10. Another word for Gregorian chant
12. Piece for one or more virtuoso solo instruments with orchestra, usually in three movements.
13. Common chamber music ensemble, usually consisting of two violins, viola, and cello.
14. Characteristic musical phrase or fragment that is used as a building block of a musical composition.
15. Drama for the stage in which all characters sing their parts.
16. Text setting in which each syllable has one note
19. Polyphonic composition based on a single theme or subject, which is introduced in imitation in all voices at the beginning of the piece and recurs thereafter in various voices. In the exposition, each voice enters in turn with a statement of the subject; between later entries of the subject, there may be episodes in which the subject is absent or is given only in fragmented form.
20. Third main section of first-movement sonata form, paralleling the exposition, but ending in the home key.
21. Texts for certain chants of the Mass which vary from day to day, according to the church calendar: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Offertory, Communion.
22. Form: ABACABA or another one where the A returns between other ideas
24. Musical form in which a melody, harmonic structure, or other musical thematic material is presented, followed by a series of variants. AA’A”A’’’ etc.
25. Highest voice part
26. Gathering of artists and intellectuals in a private home, for the sharing of art and ideas.
27. Recitative in the most usual sense, in which words are sung in a spoken rhythm, with simple chordal accompaniment played by keyboard instrument, sometimes with cello.
30. High male voice in the soprano/alto range, usually using falsetto.
31. Type of Italian opera of the eighteenth century with a comic plot, generally in two acts.
32. Passage of music that recurs within a movement. In a Baroque concerto, movements typically begin and end with the ritornello, which also recurs, in various keys, between solo passages.
34. German “Song”: Short musical composition, generally for solo voice and piano, often based on a poem.
35. Passage in opera and oratorio in which solo singers deliver text at a speed and in a rhythm that is intended to follow normal speech, accompanied by chords, most often short punctuating chords played by harpsichord or organ
37. Comic song in opera and musical theater characterized by rapid delivery of tongue-twisting text.
38. Renaissance instrumental ensemble, sometimes made up of many of the same instrument
40. Short passage of music that is repeated several times, at progressively higher or lower pitches
43. Form most often used in first movements of symphonies, sonatas, and other instrumental works of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, consisting primarily of exposition, development, recapitulation, and coda.
44. Style of chant or other vocal setting having two or three notes per syllable.
45. Self-contained section of a larger musical work, generally characterized by its own tempo
48. Central service of Catholic worship, commemorating the Last Supper and the death and resurrection of Jesus.
51. In a fugue, the opening section, in which each voice states the subject; in first-movement sonata form, the opening section, in which the main themes are presented, starting in the home key but then establishing the dominant or another new key area.
53. Large-scale musical setting of a religious drama, generally in operatic style but unstaged.
54. Catholic practicing in secret during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I

Across

1. an accented non-chord tone occurring on downbeats
5. founder of Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre
8. a set of instrumental pieces, each in the character of a dance
9. a melodic phrase that has a clear beginning, middle, and end
12. very long rest, with 4 counts
15. a perforated cylinder that contains 11,520 holes into which a musician plugs pins to create melodies
17. this instrument uses a constant stream of water to make notes
19. 5th degree of a tonic
20. 4th degree of a tonic
21. an old French dance perform rather slow and stately in triple meter
22. repeating from the beginning
25. performs music from Jalisco
28. created sheets of sound with his alto sax and played multiple at once manipulating traditional harmonic progressions.
32. period when Bach was from(1600-1750)
34. tone approached by step and left by a leap in the opposite direction
36. a piano player whose style consisted of energetic percussive attacks on the keys juxtaposed with periods of drawn-out silence.
37. period when Mozart was from(1730-1820)
43. an ornamental note of long or short duration that temporarily displaces, and subsequently resolves into, a main note, usually by step-wise motion
44. short note, with 1 count
45. 1st degree of a tonic
46. segments of time from a given number of beats
48. a dance in triple meter, made famous in Vienna in the late 1800s
50. on the piano, the dynamic is performed as soft
51. known for his signature raspy voice and helped to give Scat a wider audience with his recordings
56. a virtuoso saxophonist whose use of classical Latin and blue styles helped develop Biba.
57. Jamaican dance music, mixing African and Caribbean rhythms
58. very long note, with 4 counts
59. a miniature analog stylus-operated keyboard
60. a sitar falls into what category of instrumental timbres
61. tone approached by step and then continues by step in the same direction
63. 7th degree of a tonic
66. C hand position where 1st thumb, 2nd index, 3rd middle, 4th ring, 5th pinky
68. 2nd degree of a tonic
69. instrument does not play higher than Middle C
73. music that has numbers at the beginning
74. opened one of the first jazz schools in Canada, and his hymn to freedom was a major anthem of the Civil Rights Movement.
77. the first phrase in a musical period, which sets up a musical idea
78. piano is from this family of instruments
79. tone where you step up or down from a note and then move back to the original note
80. a Latin American dance perform at a moderately slow, walk-like tempo
81. long note, with 2 counts
82. when the bass staff and treble staff join together with a brace
83. intervals in which the notes are played separately to make a melody

Down

2. the gradual shifting of a repeated musical pattern out of alignment with itself over time
3. trombone is from this family of instruments
4. a musical form consisting of two distinct sections, labeled as A and B
6. famous traditional Mexican song
7. the instrument has the highest pitch
10. the second phrase in a musical period, which provides resolution to the antecedent phrase
11. a musical structure consisting of two phrases
13. a musical form consisting of three distinct sections, labeled as A, B, and A
14. wrote music for Star Wars, Jaws, Jurassic Park, Home Alone
16. an accented non-chord tone, meaning it occurs on a downbeat
18. slightly larger than a violin, this instrument has a lower and deeper sound
23. traditional Mexican songs
24. at the helm of almost every major jazz innovation in the late 20th century, creating cool jazz.
26. dance created by Texan Americans
27. famous pianist and composer who borrowed African-American folk and Creole for his compositions
29. intervals in which the notes are played together to make a harmony
30. on the piano, the dynamic is performed moderately loud
31. a string technique involving detached notes played with a bouncing bow(when playing violin)
32. made hits such as “Embraceable You” and “I’ll Be Seeing You”, and used her raspy, somewhat fragile voice to showcase a depth of emotion in her music.
33. a strenuous style of classical dance created in France in the 16th century
35. a pianist, bandleader, and composer penned many famous standards like “Cottontail”, and elevated jazz to a bonafide art form.
38. a short musical fragment that forms the basis of a melody or larger musical work
39. a groundbreaking bebop performer and master improviser as well as a pioneer of Afro-Cuban and Latin music
40. lines that divide the music into those measures
41. two beaters are used to strike the strings and create notes for this instrument
42. a piston-valve brass instrument with a bore that is mostly conical
44. short rest, with 1 count
47. instruments that produce sound by a vibrating column of air
48. oboe is from this family of instruments
49. a musical form consisting of the first two A sections typically featuring the same melody and lyrics, B section introduces a contrasting melody and lyrics, and final A section restates the melody and lyrics from the first two A sections
52. a musical form consisting of repeated verses, with the same music accompanying each verse
53. a form of vocal improvisation that became a characteristic that many jazz singers adopted
54. C hand position where 5th pinky, 4th ring, 3rd middle, 2nd index, 1st thumb
55. 3rd degree of a tonic
59. 6th degree of a tonic
62. 8th degree of a tonic
64. infused popular American music with jazz sensibilities, making hits such as “Straighten Up and Fly Right”
65. instruction for musicians playing stringed instruments(when playing violin)
67. an instrument with a double-reed mouthpiece, a slender tubular body, and holes stopped by keys
70. this instrument is generally played by extending and shortening the slide
71. viola is from this family of instruments
72. period when the voice was instrumental(11-14th century)
75. the combining of notes into patterns
76. an Afro-Brazilian dance that is quite fast and jazzy

Across

1. - a set of instrumental pieces, each in the character of a dance
8. - a musical structure consisting of two distinct sections, usually labeled as A and B
9. - a virtuoso saxophonist whose use of classical Latin and blue styles helped lead to the development of Biba.
13. - period where Bach was from
17. - created sheets of sound with his alto sax and played multiple at once manipulating traditional harmonic progressions.
19. - a keyboard instrument that produces sound when pressed on the keys
20. - a short musical fragment that forms the basis of a melody or larger musical work
22. - very long rest, with 4 counts
25. - known for his signature raspy voice and helped to give Scat a wider audience with his recordings
26. - viola is from what family of instruments
27. - a groundbreaking bebop performer and master improviser as well as a pioneer of Afro-Cuban and Latin music
30. - approached by step and then continues by step in the same direction
32. Lines - lines that divide the music into those measures
33. - a melodic phrase that has a clear beginning, middle, and end
34. - performs music from Jalisco
35. - a dance in triple meter, made famous in Vienna in the late 1800s
37. - repeating from the beginning
38. - 2nd degree of a tonic
41. - the combining of notes into patterns
44. - 3rd degree of a tonic
45. - first two A sections typically feature the same melody and lyrics, B section introduces a contrasting melody and lyrics, and final A section restates the melody and lyrics from the first two A sections
46. - an atypical acoustic instrument where sound is generated by restricting or releasing the flow of water through multiple sound holes
49. - a form of vocal improvisation that became a characteristic that many jazz singers adopted
50. - founder of Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre
52. - the instrument has the highest pitch
53. - music that has numbers at the beginning
54. tone - 7th degree of a tonic
56. - infused popular American music with jazz sensibilities, making hits such as “Straighten Up and Fly Right”
57. - very long note, with 4 counts
61. - keyboard-operated string instrument with 61 actual strings
62. - period where Mozart was from
64. - instrument does not play higher than Middle C
66. - famous pianist and composer who borrowed African-American folk and Creole for his compositions
68. Staff - when the bass staff and treble staff join together with a brace
69. - a musical structure consisting of two phrases
71. - an ornamental note of long or short duration that temporarily displaces, and subsequently resolves into, a main note, usually by step-wise motion
72. - traditional Mexican songs
74. - 8th degree of a tonic
76. - period where the voice was instrumental
78. - the first phrase in a musical period, which sets up a musical idea
79. - dance created by Texan Americans
82. - instruments that produce sound by a vibrating column of air
83. - the second phrase in a musical period, which provides resolution to the antecedent phrase
84. - an Afro-Brazilian dance that is quite fast and jazzy
85. - a sitar falls into what category of instrumental timbres
86. - 6th degree of a tonic

Down

2. tone - approached by step and left by a leap in the opposite direction
3. - opened one of the first jazz schools in Canada, and his hymn to freedom was a major anthem of the Civil Rights Movement.
4. - a stringed instrument that generates sound by metal hammers plucking the strings
5. - 5th degree of a tonic
6. - an accented non-chord tone, meaning it occurs on a downbeat
7. - instruction for musicians playing stringed instruments(when playing violin)
10. - 4th degree of a tonic
11. - wrote music for Star Wars, Jaws, Jurassic Park, Home Alone
12. - 1st thumb, 2nd index, 3rd middle, 4th ring, 5th pinky
14. - most crucial instrument in choir, pop, rock, R&B, country and many forms of jazz
15. - oboe is from what family of instruments
16. - an old French dance perform rather slow and stately in triple meter
18. - notes played together to make a harmony
21. - a musical structure consisting of repeated verses, with the same music accompanying each verse
23. - a musical structure consisting of three distinct sections, usually labeled as A, B, and A
24. - trombone is from what family of instruments
28. - piano is from what family of instruments
29. - 1st degree of a tonic
31. - short note, with 1 count
34. - notes played separately to make a melody
36. - soft
39. - consists of 42 strings in four different sections, all arranged in a recognizable, oversized acoustic guitar body
40. - short rest, with 1 count
42. - moderately loud
43. - long note, with 2 counts
47. - the gradual shifting of a repeated musical pattern out of alignment with itself over time
48. - made hits such as “Embraceable You” and “I’ll Be Seeing You”, and used her raspy, somewhat fragile voice to showcase a depth of emotion in her music.
51. - a Latin American dance perform at a moderately slow, walk-like tempo
55. - featured in popular genres and has been heard in music by King Crimson, Peter Gabriel, Steven Wilson, and others
58. - creates sound via eight tuned vibrating tongues of steel that, when struck, produce a pleasant sound
59. - a strenuous style of classical dance created in France in the 16th century
60. - Jamaican dance music, mixing African and Caribbean rhythms
63. Position - 5th pinky, 4th ring, 3rd middle, 2nd index, 1st thumb
65. - a string technique involving detached notes played with a bouncing bow(when playing violin)
67. - an accented non-chord tone occurring on downbeats
70. - a pianist, bandleader, and composer penned many famous standards like “Cottontail”, and elevated jazz to a bonafide art form.
73. - where you step up or down from a note and then move back to the original note
75. - famous traditional Mexican song
77. was a piano player whose style consisted of energetic percussive attacks on the keys juxtaposed with periods of drawn-out silence.
80. - at the helm of almost every major jazz innovation in the late 20th century, creating cool jazz.
81. - segments of time from a given number of beats

Across

4. Extended composition for instrumental soloist and orchestra, usually in three movements: (1) fast, (2) slow, (3) fast.
6. Used to describe a large composition for orchestra, usually in three or four movements, that uses sonata cycle structure.
7. Inclusion of folk songs, dances, legends and other national material.
8. Number of layers of sound that are heard at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other.
11. Music intended to be performed before and during a play.
15. Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
17. Music that has no “program” or underlying “story” needed to understand it. The focus is on purely on the relationships between, and the development of musical ideas. This type of music was particularly popular during the Classical Era.
20. Vocal form in which there is new music for each stanza of a poem.
28. Use of melodies, rhythms or instruments that suggest foreign lands; common in Romantic music.
29. Scale made up of 6 different tones, each a whole step away from the next.
32. ABA Form.
33. The whole orchestra.
35. approach to pitch organization using two keys at one time, found in 20th century music.
39. In the exposition of the sonata form, a section which leads from the first to the second theme.
40. Method of composition in which all the pitches of a composition are derived from a special ordering of the 12 chromatic tones.
43. Polyphonic Composition based on one main theme or subject, common in Baroque era.
44. Series of chords.
45. AB Form .
47. Speechlike melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied by the orchestra.
48. Male singers castrated before puberty to maintain a high pitch range.
49. Composition for several instrumental soloists and small orchestra; common in late Baroque.
54. Melodic idea that accompanies a main theme.
56. (1) Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. (2) Progression giving a sense of conclusion from dominant to tonic chord.
57. Highest tone or emotional focal point in a melody or composition.
58. Compositional form that combines rondo with sonata (duh).
59. Melody that serves as the starting point for an extended piece of music.
61. Scale including all 12 tones of the octave.
64. Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
66. Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, expressing emotion.
67. Smallest interval traditionally used in western music.

Down

1. Absence of key.
2. Groups of art songs unified by a story line.
3. Style of composed piano music involving right-hand syncopation and a left hand “oom-pah”.
5. Music style stressing intense, subjective emotion and harsh dissonance.
9. Central key to a piece of music.
10. Musical ornament consistent of the rapid alternation of two tones whole or half step apart.
12. Degrees of loudness or softness in music.
13. Vocal solo more lyrical than a recitative and less elaborate than an aria.
14. Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
16. Third section of a sonata-form movement, in which the previous themes are presented in the tonic key.
18. Baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually played by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument.
19. Independent composition for orchestra in one movement, in sonata form, typical of Romantic period. Example: Overture 1812 by Tchaikovsky .
20. A musical form that first presents a basic theme and then develops and alters that theme in a series of variations. Each variation presents the theme in a new way.
21. Musical texture in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.
22. Vocal form in which the same music is repeated for each stanza of the poem.
23. Second section of a sonata-form movement, in which themes are developed.
24. Performing artist of extraordinary technical mastery.
25. Compositional form used in Baroque concerto grosso, in which the tutti alternates with one or more soloists playing new material.
26. a form that begins with an Exposition that presents two contrasting themes in different keys. These themes are then varied and extended in the Development section. The Recapitulation then restates both themes in the tonic key.
27. Rapid Slide up or down a scale.
28. A piece designed to help a performed master specific technical difficulties.
30. Tone combination that is stable and restful
31. In Baroque music, a set of dance-inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter and character.
34. Accenting of a note at an unexpected time.
36. Single melody used in several movements of a long work to represent a recurring idea.
37. Tone combination that is unstable and tense.
38. Musical style which stresses tone color, atmosphere and fluidity.
41. Abrupt alternation between loud and soft dynamic levels.
42. Approach to pitch organization using two or more keys at one time, found in 20th century music.
46. Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer or higher in pitch than the notes near it.
50. In a sonata-form movement, a concluding section following the recapitulation and rounding off the movement by repeating or developing themes.
51. Compositional form featuring a main theme A that returns several times, such as A B A C A or A B A C A B A
52. A group of four string players (two violin players, a viola player, and a cellist) who perform together as a chamber ensemble.
53. Unaccompanied section of virtuoso display for the soloist in a concerto.
54. Music using a small group of musician, with one player to a part.
55. a rapid, upward arpeggio over a large range, combined with a crescendo. Typical of the classical era
60. Interval twice as large as the half-step.
62. Compositional form in ternary form, used in the third movement, and is in triple meter.
63. Setting of a poem for solo voice and piano, common in Romantic period.
65. Slightly curved stick used to play string instruments.

Across

1. Young and Beautiful

Down

Across

3. the mainstream actor who casted with him most number of films in multi-starrers (6,6)
6. a big blockbuster that put silver screens on fire in 1975 (6)
7. armymen cameo role in this blockbuster (4,5,3,6)
8. this Dilip Kumar starrer was for amitabh what Deewar is for some of us (5,5)
10. His father's original poetry was used in his film by Hrishida (5)
12. red crowned king failed to attract its people (3,7)
13. This appearance reinvented the actor who was in some kind of exile for a few years (4,6,9)
16. the modern day pandav archer failed miserably in kalyug(3,2,5)
17. daughter-in-law and former miss world (9,3)
21. in the name of Ganges, maybe the first time as a dacoit (5,2,8)
25. black stone literally(4,7)
27. SD Burman composed the music for this musical film, some say loosely inspired by the life of Pandit Ravi Shankar (8)
31. one of her popular o-star is tied around wrist on a pios brother-sister festival (6)
32. a handsome and more muscular co-star in many big hits had left in pursuit of spiritual life with Osho (5,6)
33. rajnikanth and Govinda were his brothers (3)
37. This versatile actor from south acted with him besides another south star in a 1985 film (5,6)
41. an old Raj Kapoor starrer with same name was released in 1958 (9)
42. one of the flops with a superstar in the opposite role tied party symbol (6,5)
44. the dwelling unit in Delhi (6)
47. he did Paa, Bunty Aur Babli and Sarkar with him and shares his surname (8)
48. she acted in Nishabd, was also in news SSR (4,4)
49. feminine white in sanskrit daughter (6)
58. one of the top actors with whom he could not get a chance to act opposite or with, she died a year before his rise as an actor in 1973 (5,6)
60. south director of high repute casted him opposite Tabu and Zohra Sehgal precisely sugar less (6,3)
62. he promoted this particular vaccination for children (5,5)
63. one of the early films which was acclaimed critically, featured a successful actress of yesteryears (8)
66. How many films did he do with RK Rajesh Khanna mind you not RK the showman.. (3)
68. his first own residence was in waiting, a poem of his father (10)
69. often played the role of his mother in Deewar for example (6,3)
71. the name of his jodidaar in a top film of 1975 (4)
72. the name of the DU college where he did his graduation in science (6,3)
73. luk chhip luk chhip jaao na (2,7)
74. he played his secretary in musical blockbustre of 1973 with wife jaya (6)
75. the weapon of lord Shiva with Yash (7)
76. the present residence also named after her father's poetic work (5)
79. Do Lafzon ki hai yeh kahani was picturised on her with him in a boat(6,4)
80. he did not approve at first of the fact that her daughter ties a knot with a less successful co-actor (5,7)

Down

1. his first appearance on silver screen as narrator in this film (6,5)
2. birthplace of our hero (9)
4. the spirit of friendship literally (7)
5. the first name of the brother of gazal singer pankaj udhas, who also sang among many a Singers for Amitabh in the 1973 musical film (6)
6. Khwaja Ahmed Abbas directed him with six others (4,10)
7. line, literally, for a successful co-star (5)
9. success with chain in 1973 owed to a qawwali kind of song sequence pictured on him
11. Gardener, literally a successful film with Hema malini in second innings of his career (7)
14. an early film where Aparna Sen also acted(5,6)
15. some like rekha some like hema our hero liked her most (7,6)
18. opposite of white among colors (5)
19. undoubtedly victory for his most ofteb used screen name (5)
20. the playback singer he recently remarked to be no less than a star maker (6,5)
22. an idol for our idol acted in Power (5,5)
23. the south mumbai hospital where he struggled for life after accident on the sets of coolie (6,5)
24. his son acted as his father (3)
26. this top sixties actor played the role of his IAS wife coincidentally (4,5)
28. she acted with him in Great Gambler and a musical film (5,5)
29. a hugely successful co-star, who died mysteriously (7,4)
30. this versatile and acclaimed actor was seen only in two films with him (5,5)
34. -halaal or -haraam with a pinch of it added upfront (5)
35. first film with kareena kapoor (3)
36. A film with Jeetendra (5,5)
38. found in Hindi in the feminine sense(4)
39. first encounter with the director Hrishikesh Mukherjee and a superstar (5)
40. He was the father of his love interest in the 1977 Manmohan Desai film(6)
43. title of a poetry by his father.. won him first national best actor award (9)
44. some say the romantic Kabhi kabhie was loosely based on the life of its lyricist (5,9)
45. malayalam playback singer sang his father's poetry for him in a film (6)
46. an early film with future wife (4,3,5)
50. she has acted in most films with her as leading lady (4,6)
51. he played the 77 year old son of Amitabh in a recent film (5,6)
52. this playback singer was hugely responsible for the success of his 1976 Yash chopra film (6)
53. his name was used in a song in this highly successful Hrishikesh Mukherjee film (3,4)
54. how was his mother known before marrying his father (4,4)
55. office in Mumbai suburb (5)
56. a multi-angular romantic plot directed by Yash Chopra featured wife Jaya and popular co-star Rekha (7)
57. people often refer to him with love and respect (3,1)
59. the first film that set up the angry young man image, incidentallly many leading actors had discarded the film (7)
61. surname of his character in AAA (9)
64. nameless (6)
65. farhan akhtar made a film with same name with SRK (3)
67. he got the first opportunity to sing his own song in this film(2,9)
70. a color for a film and often associated with breast cancer awareness (4)
72. blood and sweat literally (5,6)
77. the 3-man team of parvarish was earlier also seen in this soul searching film (6)
78. triple role (6)

Across

1. A customary way of operation or behavior (noun)
3. Associated with academia or an academy (adjective)
4. A way of regarding situations or topics etc. (noun)
7. Law enacted by a legislative body (noun)
10. A licensed medical practitioner (noun)
12. Participate in games or sport (verb)
13. A facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth (noun)
14. Be asleep (verb)
17. The extent downward or backward or inward (noun)
18. Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality (adjective)
21. Make reference to (verb)
22. Of or relating to or supporting catholicism (adjective)
25. To go or travel towards (verb)
28. Put into a certain place or abstract location (verb)
29. Cause to go somewhere (verb)
30. An unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance (noun)
32. Be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. (verb)
33. Make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc (verb)
36. The feeling aroused by something strange and surprising (noun)
38. Definitely or positively (`sure' is sometimes used informally for `surely') (adverb)
41. Weight to be borne or conveyed (noun)
43. A muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south asian civilization in the indus river valley (noun)
44. A game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes (noun)
45. A person's partner in marriage (noun)
47. Writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) (noun)
49. An indefinite quantity of something having a specified value (noun)
54. Search the internet (for information) using the google search engine (verb)
55. A drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving (noun)
56. The person who holds the position of head of the government in the united kingdom (noun)
58. An implement used in the practice of a vocation (noun)
59. A computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the tcp/ip network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange (noun)
60. Pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives (verb)
63. The state or fact of existing (noun)
64. A flow of electricity through a conductor (noun)
67. The framework for a pair of eyeglasses (noun)
70. A wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention (noun)
72. An abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond (noun)
75. Coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitude (adjective)
76. Recognize as being (verb)
77. Sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component of something (noun)
78. Carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life (adjective)
79. An active and efficient cause (noun)
81. (christian theology) a state of sanctification by god (noun)
85. The feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced (noun)
90. State emphatically and authoritatively (verb)
91. Activity involved in maintaining something in good working order (noun)
94. Carry out or perform an action (verb)
95. A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important and relevant to a user's search (noun)
96. Express a supposition (verb)
97. The complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual (noun)
98. An unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance (noun)

Down

2. A large strong and aggressive woman (noun)
5. Determine the number or amount of (verb)
6. Stay the same (verb)
8. The emotion of great happiness (noun)
9. With hope (adverb)
11. The feelings expressed on a person's face (noun)
12. Group of people willing to obey orders (noun)
15. Green color or pigment (noun)
16. Modernize or bring up to date (verb)
19. To a small degree or extent (adverb)
20. Pass time in a specific way (verb)
23. A plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing (noun)
24. A person of german nationality (noun)
26. How something is done or how it happens (noun)
27. The feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state (noun)
31. Of surpassing excellence (adjective)
34. (baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands (noun)
35. A performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging (noun)
37. Deliver (a speech, oration, or idea) (verb)
39. Referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several) (adjective)
40. The property of having little or no contrast (noun)
42. Substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected) (verb)
45. Contribute to the progress or growth of (verb)
46. Control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit (noun)
48. Having strength or power greater than average or expected (adjective)
50. A protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building (noun)
51. A partly sheltered anchorage (noun)
52. Large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail (noun)
53. The quality of being important and worthy of note (noun)
57. Earn on some commercial or business transaction (verb)
61. Soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime (adjective)
62. Separate with or as if with an instrument (verb)
65. Apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel) (noun)
66. An organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare (noun)
68. Bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure (adjective)
69. A sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner (noun)
71. A vessel that carries passengers or freight (noun)
73. A charge of ammunition for a single shot (noun)
74. Cause to die (verb)
80. Not divided or shared with others (adjective)
82. Grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished (noun)
83. A perceptual structure (noun)
84. A division of some larger or more complex organization (noun)
86. Of or relating to electronics (adjective)
87. Emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design (noun)
88. Fraudulent (adjective)
89. Sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound) (noun)
92. The place where something begins, where it springs into being (noun)
93. Any activity that is performed alone without assistance (noun)

Across

2. Loud.
3. little (for example, poco a poco crescendo, "getting louder little by little").
4. also called the "G" clef.
8. It is an instrument of indefinite pitch made from a steel bar bent into the shape of a triangle.
9. It is rested on the floor while played.
10. accomplished 3 great operas Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute, and TheMarriage of Figaro.
11. a small rectangular wind instrument with a row of metal reeds along its length.
12. the words of song.
14. The first note of a key (I)
17. Hold; pause.
18. Very soft.
21. a part of a song which is repeated after each verse.
25. The directing of a group of musicians.
26. Circular brass plates that come in various sizes and can be held in hands and struck together.
27. adjust instrument to the correct pitch.
28. singing without instrumental accompaniment.
30. A brass instrument which produces sound by pressing valves.
34. A large orchestra.
36. The study of how music is put together.
37. a group of singers.
39. a hollow container filled with beans or similar objects, shaken as a percussion instrument.
40. a band that marches (as in a parade) and plays music at the same time.
41. accent on an unexpected beat.
43. Synonymous with meter signature.
44. a system of indicating by numbers which finger should play which note on keyboard, wind, or stringed instruments.
46. The sharps or flats placed at the beginning of the staff to denote the scale upon which the music is based.
51. A musical symbol which cancels a previous sharp or flat.
53. Very, very soft; the softest common dynamic marking.
55. Any device that produces a musical sound.
60. A term used to describe notes of the same pitch which have different names.
61. a symbol at the beginning of a line of music that denotes the pitch of a particular note.
62. a curve over notes to indicate that a phrase is to be played legate.
63. Half, Medium.
64. Instruments made out of metal with either a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece.
66. a curved line indicating that two separate notes should be played as a single note moving part of a trombone.
67. a group of musicians playing brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments, typically while marching.
69. the interval between two notes six whole tones.
72. Played under the chin and is bowed or plucked to make a sound.
73. the moving part of a trombone.
75. a musical percussion instrument having a set of tuned metal pieces mounted in a frame and struck with small hammers.
78. a note or notes that precede the first full bar.
79. Instruments with strings that produce sound when plucked, bowed, or struck.
81. 2 beats.
82. Published his first musical composition at 11.
83. Used to describe the pitches of a chord played one after the other, rather than simultaneously.
87. Most commonly played in jazz music.
89. On wind instruments, articulation with the tongue.
90. The most frequently used staff has five horizontal lines, with four spaces.
91. aka kettledrums, unlike most other drums, has a definite pitch.
92. looks like a top hat.
93. To perform alone.

Down

1. a series or other collection of ingredients or actions.
2. A symbol which lowers the pitch of a note one half step.
3. Very fast.
5. Gradually slower.
6. the vertical line which separates one measure from the next.
7. to the end.
12. Smooth, connected.
13. the frequency of a note; how high or deep it sounds.
14. A brass instrument that produces sounds by a U shaped slide.
15. a period of silence within a piece of music.
16. The fifth degree of the major or minor scale.(V)
17. valved brass musical instrument like a cornet.
18. Instruments produce sounds of definite or indefinite pitch when shaken or struck.
19. Six strings and many frets to produce sound.
20. held for half of a beat
22. Has a double-reeded woodwind instrument with a cone shaped bore.
23. A string instrument with 46 strings and a series of foot pedals.
24. In Britain, it is called a crotchet.
25. time a time equivalent to 4/4.
29. Very slow.
30. The largest brass instrument that produces a deep sound, controlled by pressing valves.
31. Consists of 88 keys on which sound is produced by hammers striking strings when the keys are pressed.
32. Instruments, made of wood, in which sound is produced by the vibration of air.
33. intervals involving only notes proper to the prevailing key without chromatic alteration.
35. First chair violinist in an orchestra.
38. Medium loud.
40. the British term for a half note.
42. Medium soft.
44. Woodwind instrument made of wood or metal that is closed at one end. It produces medium to high pitched sounds.
45. in wind instruments, the piece of cane that the player causes to vibrate by blowing through it, in order to produce sound.
47. Varying degrees of loud and soft.
48. on brass instruments, the pistons that alter the pitch by changing the length of the tube through which air passes.
49. the degree to which notes are separated or connected.
50. a large clarinet whose range is an octave below the B-flat clarinet.
52. Gradually louder.
54. Detached sounds, indicated by a dot over or under a note.
56. A half step. The smallest interval on the keyboard.
57. an additional performance or achievement
58. a church song.
59. a steady background ‘pulse’ in music.
65. the full copy of all notes to be played in a musical work.
67. used to amplify voices.
68. Fast.
70. Moderate tempo.
71. a percussion instrument with sets of horizontally arranged wooden bars to be struck by wooden sticks.
74. also called the "F" clef.
76. the position of the lips in wind instrument playing, by which the player controls the sound.
77. a pair of concave shells joined on one edge by a string.
79. A symbol which raises the pitch of a note one-half step.
80. 4 beats
84. a concert by a soloist, with or without accompaniment.
85. reed pipes that are sounded by the pressure of wind emitted from a bag squeezed by the player's arm.
86. Moderate(ly).
88. a round open-backed sound box of parchment stretched over a metal hoop.
89. The rate of speed in a musical work.

Across

2. In the Middle Ages, the theological and philosophical school of thought that attempted to reconcile faith and reason.
6. (1042 - 1099 A.D.) Roman Catholic pope from 1088 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade.
10. Traveling singers who entertained people during the Middle Ages.
12. Associations of people who worked at the same craft or trade during the Middle Ages.
14. An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors.
18. A grant of land from a lord to a vassal.
19. of the Roses (1455 – 1485) Civil war for the English crown between the York (white rose) and Lancaster (red rose) families.
20. A political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services.
24. A person who learns a skill under a master of the trade.
25. The written record of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085 - 1086.
30. (1157 – 1199) King of England from 1189 to 1199; he fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the Third Crusade. He eventually ceased fighting and returned to England.
31. (1225 - 1274) Italian philosopher and theologian; he argued that rational thought could be used to support Roman Catholic belief.
34. Territories in central Italy controlled by the pope from 756–1870.
35. The effort of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, occurring between the 1100's and 1492.
36. In medieval Europe, nobles who were members of a lord's heavily armored cavalry.
37. (Died 1020 A.D.) Norwegian explorer; he led a group of Vikings to North America and settled on the eastern shore of modern-day Canada.
38. (1050 – 1106) King of Germany from 1056 to 1106 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1056 to 1106; he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII over bishop appointments; he acknowledged the pope’s authority and was readmitted to the church.
40. The process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs.
41. The governing body of England.
43. The loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord.
44. Region that included Jerusalem and the are around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
45. Institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy by seeking out and punishing heretics; especially active in Spain in the later 1400's and 1500's.
47. Title of nobility; in Charlemagne's empire, chosen officials who ruled parts of the empire in his name.
48. (1457 – 1509) King of England; he was the first king from the house of Tudor; his defeat of Richard III and his assumption of the throne marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and the beginning of a new era in England’s history.
50. The guidance of ships from place to place.
51. Devotion to one's religion.
52. Members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent in the Europe of the late Middle Ages; unlike monks, friars preached in towns.

Down

1. An arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls.
3. (1096 – 1204) A series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from their Muslim rulers.
4. Long stories, written in the early 1200's, about great Icelandic heroes and events.
5. A style of church architecture developed during the 1100's characterized by tall spires and flying buttresses.
7. Peasants who were legally bound to their lord's land.
8. (1027 A.D. – 1087 A.D.) King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England.
9. (1122– 1204 A.D.) Queen of France and England; she was one of the most powerful women in Europe during the Middle Ages.
11. (1098–1179) Medieval nun and author; she wrote dozens of poems and music to accompany them.
12. (1340 – 1400 A.D.) English poet; he wrote The Canterbury Tales, 23 stories of pilgrims assembled at the Tabard Inn in Southwark.
13. An arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time.
15. (849 – 899) King of Wessex from 871 to 899; he defeated Danish invaders and united Anglo - Saxon England under his control. He compiled a code of laws and promoted learning.
16. (1337 - 1453) War fought between France and England for control of the French throne.
17. An organization of north-German cities and towns that organized and controlled trade throughout northern Europe from the 1200's through the 1400's.
21. (1020 – 1085 A.D.) Roman Catholic pope; his assertion of church power to appoint bishops led him into conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who claimed the powers for himself. Gregory excommunicated Henry, who relented.
22. (1138 - 1193) Muslim sultan and hero; he campaigned to drive the Christians from the Holy Land. He stopped an army of crusaders under Richard the Lion-Hearted of England.
23. Papal term in office.
26. (1215) a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king's powers.
27. An opinion that goes against the teachings of a church.
28. King of the Franks from 768 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned Emperor of the Roman people in 800.
29. (1264–1321) Italian poet and humanist; he was the author of The Divine Comedy, one of the greatest literary classics.
32. (912 – 973) King of Germany (936 – 973) and Holy Roman Emperor (962–973); he defeated the Magyar army, which ended the Magyar raids in the mid-900's.
33. A terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347.
39. A skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of a guild.
42. In medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services.
46. (938 – 996 A.D.) King of France from 987 to 996; elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France for 300 years.
49. (1412 – 1431 A.D.) French soldier and national heroine; she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years’ War and was burned at the stake for heresy.

Across

2. -vt. to join together two or more things; to be joined together
5. -a. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful
6. -a.  tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting
10. -v. to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with someone, in order to reach an agreement
12. -a. happy and satisfied with what you have
14. -n. a result of something that has happened
15. -n. something that connects two facts, ideas, etc.
17. -n. the act of thinking carefully about something
18. -n.  the things that are contained in something
20. -vt. to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a decision
22. -n. a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people
23. -vi.  to be very similar to or the same as something else
25. -vt. to tell someone that you are pleased about their success or achievements
26. -a. that must be done because of a law or a rule
27. -n. the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an organization is governed by
29. Nine☆
30. -n. the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for someone
33. -n. one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa
34. -v. a.accurate or true, without any mistakes SYN right  to make something right or accurate, for example by changing it or removing mistakes
35. -n.  building material that is made by mixing together cement , sand, small stones and water
37. -vt. to organize and or do a particular activity
39. -n. different from something; against something
41. -v. to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence
42. -a. fairly cold; not hot or warm
43. -v. to need to pay the amount in order to buy, make or do it
45. -v.  to decide or believe something as a result of what you have heard or seen
48. -n. the state that something is in
49. -n. a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views
50. -v. to have something as the main or only part or feature
51. -n.  the amount of money that you need in order to buy, make or do something
53. -n. a small flat sweet cake for one person, usually baked until crisp
54. -n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
55. -n. an opinion that all members of a group agree with
57. makes all things easy
59. -n. a message congratulating someone (= saying that you are happy about their good luck or success)
60. -n. a part of something where two or more sides, lines or edges join
61. -n. a thing that is made to be the same as something else, especially a document or a work of art
62. -n. a public performance of music
64. -n. something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation
65. -a. causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement

Down

1. -v. to give something, especially money or goods, to help someone or something
3. -n. a person who lives or lived at the same time as someone else, especially someone who is about the same age
4. -v. to use something, especially fuel, energy or time
5. -a. warm, comfortable and safe, especially because of being small or confined
7. -v. to give all your attention to something and not think about anything else
8. -a. always thinking of other people's wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others SYN thoughtful
9. -n. an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do calculations and control other machines
11. -n.  the process or method of building or making something, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.
12. -a. useful, easy or quick to do; not causing problems
13. -v. to make someone or yourself believe that something is true
16. -n.  a change made in something in order to make it right or better
18. -a. opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values
19. -n. a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something
20. -n. an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
21. -v.  to have the thing inside it or as part of it
22. -n. the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong
24. -n. ( NAmE range ) ( NAmE BrE stove ) a large piece of equipment for cooking food, containing an oven and gas or electric rings on top
27. -a. meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people
28. -n.  an informal talk involving a small group of people or only two; the activity of talking in this way
30. -v. to say that something that someone else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true
31. -v. to build or make something such as a road, building or machine
32. -vt.&n. to have power over a person, company, country, etc. so that you are able to decide what they must do or how it is run
36. -v. to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to someone SYN communicate
37. -v. to make someone unable to think clearly or understand something
38. -v. to express very strong disapproval of someone or something, usually for moral reasons
39. -a.  willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage
40. n. -v. a person who cooks food or whose job is cooking ,to prepare food by heating it, for example by boiling, baking or frying it
43. -n. a person who is a member of the same communist or socialist political party as the person speaking
44. -n.the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests etc, to prevent them from being spoiled or destroyed SYN preservation, → conserve
45. -n. a box, bottle, etc. in which something can be stored or transported
46. -a. happening all the time or repeatedly
47. -n. (abbr. Corp.) a large business company
48. -vi. to keep existing or happening without stopping
52. -a. containing or showing a contradiction
56. -v. to go to someone for information or advice
57. -v. to affect someone; to involve someone
58. -n. a person who stands in front of an orchestra , a group of singers etc., and directs their performance, especially someone who does this as a profession
63. -n. a hard substance that is red, pink or white in colour, and that forms on the bottom of the sea from the bones of very small creatures.

Across

1. A term that describes a new era of human communication and interconnection across cultural, national, and geographic boundaries; its processes are separate from specific national boundaries, whereas transnational processes are still anchored in one or more nation states
3. Adaptation of rock to a Latin American context, featuring Spanish-language lyrics, Latin American themes, rhythms and instruments, and the use of local folk and popular genres
5. Genre that emerged in Argentina in the late 1970s as political resistance, influential as a precursor of rock en español
9. Panamanian singer and composer; one of the most prominent salsa artists
12. Música _______ Term that describes the various Afro-Caribbean styles, from Colombia as well as foreign origin, played by Colombian big bands in the 1930s and 40s; now describes all genres of Afro-Caribbean origin
13. Argentinian composer who integrated Argentine popular music with classical forms and jazz, becoming a leader of the Nuevo Tango
16. Brazilian popular music, influenced by jazz, that developed in the 1960s as a new way of performing samba-canção, popular among the white, urban middle and upper classes
17. Argentinian pianist, singer and bandleader who as a leader of Serú Girán, defined rock nacional
19. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement; several corridos were written in his honor
21. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
22. Chilean singer-songwriter who was tortured and killed after the coup that deposed Salvador Allende; extremely influential writer of nueva canción
23. Song and dance, associated particularly with carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro; considered Brazil’s national dance
26. Conjunto de ________ Ensemble of traditional cumbia, including including gaita hembra, gaita macho, maracas, tambor llamador, tambor alegre, and tambora
28. Colombian bandleader who led one of the most innovative and successful orchestras of música tropical in the 1940s
31. Also known as canción colombiana, this Mestizo genre is considered the national dance of Colombia
32. Hip hop en español duo consisting of two Puerto Rican step-brothers: rapper Residente and producer Visitante. Their eclectic style mixes reggaeton and hip hop with musics from all over the world with political and social commentary, for example in “La Perla”
34. The process whereby a minority group, such as immigrants, gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture. Historically, Latinx (particularly, Mexican) immigrants have historically resisted it
37. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
40. Argentinian singer and actor who became the leading singer of La Guardia Nueva and popularized the tango canción all over the world
41. Colombian singer and actor whose fusion of vallenato with rock, pop legitimized vallenato among middle-class Colombian audiences and popularized it internationally
42. Colombian working-class genre featuring button accordion, caja and guacharaca
43. Colombian singer-songwriter who is perhaps one of the most important Latin music artists of the early 21st c.
44. Mexican rock rap band that reached fame in the late 1990s

Down

2. Any process (economic, political, cultural) that extends beyond the boundaries of nation-states
4. Puerto Rican rapper whose smash hit “Gasolina” popularized reggaeton worldwide in 2004
6. Argentinian dance and song genre and national symbol
7. Percussionist and bandleader who popularized Latin dance genres and became a symbol of Puerto Rican identity
8. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
10. Dance genre developed by Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans in New York in the 1960s and 1970s, featuring elements from Cuban son and jazz; it mediates conflicts between tradition and modernity
11. Cuban American pop singer who began her career as the lead vocalist for Miami Sound Machine, pioneering the Latin pop explosion
14. Mexican composer who helped disseminate bolero throughout Latin America
15. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
18. Colombian pop singer who established her popularity throughout Latin America with her 1996 album Pies descalzos and broke into the U.S. market with the bilingual album Laundry Service in 2001
19. Most popular Colombian musical genre, featuring African-based rhythms
20. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
21. One of the most pressing issues of U.S. relations with Latin America, it can be said to have transformed the demographics of the border region as well as the U.S. at large over the past 70+ years
22. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
24. Genre of Cuban origin featuring romantic lyrics and close vocal harmonies accompanied with guitars; it became an urban cosmopolitan genre after its arrival in Mexico City in the 1930s
25. Newyorican trombonist and bandleader whose powerful arrangements perfectly complemented Blades’s lyrics
27. Argentinian rock nacional band whose mixture of pop, reggae and new wave (such as seen in their album Signos) made them one of the top Spanish-language bands of the 1980s
29. Música _______ Brazilian rural music featuring guitars, accordion, and two singers in parallel thirds
30. Mexican rock en español band whose distinctive sound included post-punk, Mexican folk and Afro-Caribbean musics, as seen in their 1990 album El Diablito
33. Brazilian singer and composer who contributed to the establishment of the urban samba, composing such classics as “Aquarela do Brasil”
35. _________ canción: Influential folk and folk-inspired Latin American song genre, featuring poetic lyrics often focused on social justice issues; emerged first in Chile, where it was closely associated with the administration of President Allende
36. Brazilian singer and guitarist who was one of the most influential bossa nova figures for songs such as “Desafinado”
38. Pan-Latin urban genre that originated in Puerto Rico and NYC in the early 1990s, mixing hip hop, reggae and Latin American musics with Spanish-language lyrics
39. A corrido relating to the drug traffic; while controversial and often banned, they are extremely popular on both sides of the border

Across

3. (n.) a particular attitude towards something, or a way of thinking about something
6. (adj.) (of furniture and buildings) old and in poor condition
8. (n.) a cloth bag which is filled with soft material and is used especially on chairs or sofas for sitting or leaning on
9. series (n.) a set of television programmes that have the same characters or deal with the same subject
10. (n.) a play or film about death or suffering with a sad ending
13. film (n.) a film that has a lot of exciting action and adventure
15. (n.) a person who tells a story, especially in a play or film
17. (adj.) a confined space is so small that you cannot move around in it freely
18. (adj.) (especially of a room or building) having a lot of space
21. (n.) a series of short parts from a film, shown in advance to advertise it
26. (adj.) (of a house or room) containing furniture
29. (adj.) using new styles that are different from the styles of the past
30. (adj.) perfectly clean and tidy without any dirt
32. (n.) a story, film or play about a murder or a crime, in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
35. (adj.) lacking the necessary tools or equipment to do something
37. rack (n.) a bar or frame for hanging towels
40. (n.) a time when all the people in a play, concert, etc. practise in order to prepare for a performance
42. (n.) the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to a play, concert, someone speaking, etc., or the people who watch, read or listen to the same thing
43. (n.) all the music, speech and sounds that are recorded for a film
46. (n.) a building or an outdoor area with a stage where plays and similar types of entertainment are performed
47. (n.) spoons, forks and knives which are used for eating food
48. insight (n.) the ability that a scriptwriter possesses to notice and understand what people or situations are really like
49. (n.) words shown at the bottom of a film to translate or explain what is being said by the actors
50. guidance (n.) a classification of film which states that the film is not suitable for children to watch without an adult because of slightly sexual or violent scenes
51. (n.) a large piece of cloth with buildings, countryside, etc. painted on it that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery
53. fiction (n.) a type of film that is based on imagined future, and often deals with space travel and life on other planets
54. (n.) a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window
56. (adj.) interesting and attractive because of its old-fashioned quality
59. (n.) a play or film in which part or all of the story is told by songs and often dancing
60. (n.) a story about a love affair
61. (n.) a story, film, etc. that is based on imagination but not facts
62. setting (n.) the general environment of the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform
63. comedy (n.) a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations
64. (n.) a comfortable piece of furniture for two or more people to sit on
65. (n.) a story or film with an exciting plot, especially one about crime or spying

Down

1. (n.) a person who is in charge of a show/play/film and tells the actors how to play their parts
2. (n.) a light with a single, very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person
4. show (n.) an informal television programme in which famous people are asked questions about themselves and their work
5. (n.) a door, gate, etc. by which you can enter a building
7. (n.) a piece of furniture with shelves for keeping books on
8. (n.) a piece of furniture with doors and shelves that is used for storing things or displaying attractive items
11. (n.) a film or a television programme which gives facts and detailed information about a particular subject
12. (adj. / adv.) behind the stage in a theatre where the actors and artists get ready and wait to perform or where equipment is kept
14. film (n.) a type of film that is designed to frighten people
16. (n.) a long narrow passage in a building
19. monitor (n.) a part of a computer with a screen, on which you can see pictures or information
20. orchestra (n.) a large group of people who play classical music with various musical instruments together, led by a conductor
22. (adj.) small and crowded
23. show (n.) a television programme about ordinary people who are filmed in real situations, rather than actors
24. (n.) the main subject of something such as a talk, piece of writing or work of art
25. film (n.) a main film with a story, rather than a documentary
27. (n.) a play, film or television programme which is intended to be funny and make people laugh
28. conditioner (n.) a machine that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier
31. (n.) the art or process of making films/movies
33. (n.) a set of stairs inside or outside a building
34. (n.) a machine that carries people or goods from one floor of a building to another
36. opera (n.) a story about the daily lives, relationships and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television
38. (adj.) making you feel more calm and relaxed
39. extinguisher (n.) a metal container filled with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires
41. (n.) the words that are written for a film, including instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed
44. (n.) a book, film, play, etc. that continues the story of an earlier one
45. television (n.) a security system of televising by cable to designated viewing sets that is used in many buildings to protect them from crime
46. costume (n. phr.) the clothes worn by actors in a play or film, which are exaggerated in order to attract attention or create a special effect
52. (n.) the upper interior surface of a room
55. (n.) a film or a television programme in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
57. (adj.) calm and quiet; free from disturbance
58. computer (n.) a computer with a keyboard, screen and main processing unit which is small enough to fit on top of a desk

Across

2. (2Ch 6-7) # of days Solomon held a feast after offering sacrifices
6. (1Sm 27-28) Samuel’s burial place
7. (Jos 21-22) “...and the Lord gave them __ on every side…”
10. (Jg 1-2) means ‘utter destruction’
13. (Ne 5-7) prophetess who wanted to make Nehemiah afraid along w/ other prophets
15. (2Ki 5-6) the Lord struck the Syrians w/ ___
17. (1Ki 20-22) “I will go out & be a lying __ in the mouth of his prophets”
20. (2Ch 27-29) was not buried into the tombs of the kings of Israel
21. (2Sm 13-15) his cut-off hair weighs 200 shekels
23. (2Ki 9-10) Tishbite prophet
24. (Ne 1-4) gate repaired by Joiada
26. (1Sm 4-5) it fell facedown before the ark
28. (2Ch 1-5) Solomon built the temple of this mt.
30. (1Sm 23-24) Saul took 3000 to seek David infront of __’ Rocks
33. (1Sm 13-14) Saul’s 2nd daughter
37. (Jg 6-8) ‘The Lord is __’; an altar name
39. (1Sm21-22) Abiathar’s grandfather
40. (2Ki 17-18) bronze serpent Moses made
43. (2Sm 19-20) he was an 80yr old man
46. (Jg 17-18) “Everyone did what was right in his own __”
50. (Es 3-4) one of the king’s eunuchs appointed to Esther
51. (Es 1-2) Esther
55. (Ez 3-4) he ordered the rebuilding of the temple to be ceased
56. (2Ch 8-9) 3rd annual feast; ‘feast of __’
58. (2Sm 9-10) David’s secretary
59. (2Sm 16-18) his counsel to Absalom was not followed
60. (Ne 10-11) the valley of craftsmen
61. (Jos 11-12) Og is a remnant of the ___
64. (Ru 3-4) The kin marries the widow to __ the name of the dead
66. (Ez 5-6) Beyond the River governor
67. (Jg 3-5) killed 600 Philistines w/ an oxgoad
70. (2Ki 3-4) was poured into a pot of harmful stew
72. (Jos 13-14) Israelite tribe w/o inheritance
74. (1Sm 11-12) Their __ became great in asking for a king
76. (Jos 5-6) it’s to be removed on Holy ground
77. (2Sm 7-8) King of Hamath
79. (1Sm 17-18)“Jonathan’s soul was __ to David’s soul”
80. (2Ch 33-34) captured w/ hooks, bound w/ chains of bronze & brought to Babylon
82. (1Ch13-15) Levite leader of the music of the singers
84. (1Ch 1-9) “Oh that you would bless me & enlarge my borders”- prayed by __
85. (2Ch 14-16) there was none of it in the 35 years of Asa’s reign
86. (2Ch 30-32) he gave for offerings 1000 bulls & 7000 sheep
87. (1Sm 19-20) David escaped through this
89. (1Sm 29-31) Saul & his sons were buried under this tree
92. (Jos 15-16) Caleb’s son-in-law
95. (2Ch 24-26) “a __ on Lebanon sent to a cedar on Lebanon”
96. (2Ki 15-16) Pekah conspired against him
98. (Ez 7-8) Ezra gathered the group to stay at the river __ to fast and pray
99. (Es 9-10) Chronicles of the kings of Media and __
100. (Es 7-8) the king held it out to Esther after she pleaded to avert Haman’s evil plan
102. (1Ki 13-14) introduced twice as a mother
103. (1Ch 18-19) King who shaved & cut the garments of David’s servants
104. (1Ki 9-10) Israel will become a __ & byword among all of they turn fr. God

Down

1. (1Ch 10-12) Chief of 30 who the Spirit ‘clothed’
2. (1Ch 20-21) he incited David to number Israel
3. (Jg 11-12) “I have opened my mouth to the Lord & cannot take back my __”
4. (1Ch 16-17) prophet who spoke to David about his covenant with the Lord
5. (2Sm 5-6) wood used to build David’s house
8. (1Ki 7-8) “golden table for the Bread of the __”
9. (2Ki 7-8) Husband of Ahab’s daughter
11. (Ne 12-13) Levites were not given their __ so they put down their duties and went to their fields
12. (1Ki 5-6) the inner sanctuary door is made of this wood
14. (Es 5-6) “thus shall be done to the man whom the king delights to __”
16. (Jos 9-10) Book of ___; referenced book
18. (Jos 17-20) his tribe’s inheritance include Zer City
19. (2Ki 23-25) City the Lord chose yet will cast off
22. (Jos 3-4) “a stone is placed upon his ___”
25. (Ez 9-10) he addressed Ezra to make a covenant w/ God to put away all foreign wives
27. (2Ch10-11) Rehoboam’s chief prince
29. (1Ki 15-16) became king in Israel on King Asa’s 31st yr in Judah
31. (2Sm 3-4) worn during mourning/great distress
32. (Jg 13-16) it was found inside the lion’s carcass
34. (2Sm 11-12) name means ‘beloved of the Lord’
35. (Jg 19-21) “Cursed be he who gives a __ to Benjamin”
36. (2Sm 21-22) place of the dead
38. (Ez 1-2) Cyrus’ treasurer
39. (2Sam1-2)he was as swift of foot as a wild gazelle
41. (1Sm 8-10) musical instrument
42. (1Ch 24-25) he prophesied w/ lyres, harps, & cymbals
44. (2Ch 21-23) ruled after her son died
45. (Jos 23-24) Israel is not supposed to associate w/ other nations through __(pl)
47. (2Ki 19-20) used as a sign for Hezekiah
48. (2Ki 1-2) god of Ekron
49. (1Sm 15-16) Agag, king of the __
52. (1Ch 22-23) “a man of rest”
53. (Jos 7-8) Achan ___ against the Lord
54. (1Ki 1-2) replaced Abiathar as priest
57. (2Ch 35-36) reigned for 3 months and 10 days in Jerusalem
62. (Ru 1-2) name means ‘bitter’
63. (1Ch 28-29) ‘golden __ of the cherubim’
65. (2Ki 13-14) replaced the king who reigned for 6mos
68. (1Sm 6-7) ‘__ mice’
69. (2Sm 23-24) David’s choice of judgment
71. (1Ki 17-19) he hid 100 prophets in a cave
73. (1Ki 3-4) husband of Solomon’s daughter Basemath
75. (Jos 1-2) River in the east
78. (2Ch12-13) “You __ me… so I have __ you to the hand of Shishak”
81. (Ne 8-9) “...& they turned a __ shoulder & stiffened their neck & would not obey.”
83. (Jg 9-10) a goddess
88. (1ki 11-12) was torn into 12pcs
90. (1Sm 25-26) David’s 3rd wife mentioned
91. (2Ki 11-12) became king at 7 y/o
93. (2Ki 21-22) he found the Book of the Law
94. (1Ch 26-27) leader over herds that pastured in the valley
97. (1Sm 1-3) it’s burned in an altar
101. (2Ch 17-20) king who disguised yet accidentally killed

Across

3. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
4. A technique of jazz singing in which singers use nonsense syllables to improvise melodies, imitating instrumental solos
8. Harlem pianist, composer, and band leader, author of such jazz standards as "Ain't Misbehaving"
13. Best known American bandleader, most famous for commissioning and performing symphonic jazz standards like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
14. A large jazz ensemble, typically consisting of 12-18 members who perform from written arrangements but may also be given the opportunity to do short improvised solos
15. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
16. Regarded as the quintessential female jazz singer, she began her career with Chick Webb's Orchestra and was famous for her improvised scat solos
18. Pianist and composer who perfect stride and composed, among other pieces, "The Charleston"
19. Pianist, songwriter and composer who successfully combined jazz into his popular and classical works, such as Rhapsody in Blue
22. Pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader, who was long regarded as the only significant female jazz musician
25. A type of performance in which the music is created as it is being performed
27. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
31. First integrated and most prominent all-female band
33. Virtuoso jazz pianist who revolutionized jazz piano in spite of having severely impaired vision
36. New Orleans clarinetist, who was the first virtuoso of the soprano sax
37. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
40. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
41. A highly influential blues singer, known as the link between the early Mississippi blues and the modern Chicago blues; legend has it he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar skills
43. Drummer and bandleader who led the house band at the Savoy Ballroom in New York
45. The _____ Ballroom: Integrated Harlem nightclub that was a famous venue for battles of bands and the Center of African American entertainment in New York
47. Popular music publishing business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it had many connections to Broadway and Hollywood and was influenced by jazz
48. A 19th-century African-American folk song with Biblical references, expressing sorrow and hope and combining African and European musical elements
49. An early 20th-century, composed piano music featuring consistent syncopation of the melody against a steady duple meter
50. A highly influential blues singer who came to prominence partly as a result of recordings made by ethnographers John and Alan Lomax
51. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands

Down

1. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
2. Female singer, successful with both popular and jazz repertoire; she treated her voice as a jazz instrument
5. A style of jazz piano featuring a quick tempo and improvised melodies over a rhythmic left-hand ostinato; it influenced swing and rock & roll
6. Pianist, bandleader and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big-band music
7. The way in which music is passed down from person to person
9. A style of jazz that developed in Chicago in the 1920s, primarily by white musicians, featuring a greater emphasis on solo improvisations
10. Pianist, composer and band leader, known as the first modern jazz pianist
11. Female blues and jazz singer who emulated jazz instrumental soloists and performed with the greatest jazz musicians of the day; one of her most famous songs is the controversial "Strange Fruit"
12. New Orleans composer and pianist, most famous for providing an oral history of jazz that was archived at the Library of Congress
17. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African American musics
20. Pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader who was the most prominent woman in early jazz
21. Arranger and bandleader, whose band at the Roseland Ballroom was the most important of the early big bands; his arrangements were made famous by Whiteman and Goodman's bands, among others
23. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
24. Female blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time but alcoholism and the depression damaged her career; her duet with Louis Armstrong in "St. Louis Blues" is one of her most famous performances
26. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
28. Pianist and composer whose works, such as "Maple Leaf Rag," defined ragtime
29. Highly influential alto saxophonist, known for his light and airy sound, most famous for his work in Count Basie's band and his recordings with Billie Holiday
30. A solo, virtuoso style of jazz piano also known as the "Harlem School", featuring a ragtime left-hand pattern
32. Trumpet player and singer who was a star soloist with the International Sweethearts of Rhythm
34. A three note chord built of two thirds, one on top of the other
35. Clarinetist and bandleader who brought swing to national attention and was the first jazz musician to succeed with the classical repertory
38. Composer and arranger who set the standard for jazz, dance band and radio orchestra arranging, most famous for orchestrating Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
39. The _____ Club: Whites-only Harlem nightclub that was one of the most extravagant and well-known entertainment venues in the world during the 1920s and 1930s
42. Pianist, bandleader and arranger, who developed the ideal jazz accompaniment centered around the rhythm section
44. The arrangement of time durations in music
45. Also known as "sweet jazz," a style of jazz combining the rhythmic elements of jazz with the instrumentation and forms of classical music; it reached a wide audience and was a precursor of Third Stream
46. Singer and bandleader who was known as one of the most popular and colorful bandleaders of the swing era; "Minnie the Moocher" was his signature song

Across

3. (adj.) (especially of a room or building) having a lot of space
6. (n.) a comfortable piece of furniture for two or more people to sit on
8. (n.) a set of television programmes that have the same characters or deal with the same subject
12. (n.) a machine that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier
15. (n.) a building or an outdoor area with a stage where plays and similar types of entertainment are performed
17. (n.) a story about a love affair
18. (adj. / adv.) behind the stage in a theatre where the actors and artists get ready and wait to perform or where equipment is kept
25. (n.) a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window
29. (n.) a set of stairs inside or outside a building
31. (n.) spoons, forks and knives which are used for eating food
32. (adj.) (of furniture and buildings) old and in poor condition
33. (adj.) interesting and attractive because of its old-fashioned quality
34. (n.) a piece of furniture with doors and shelves that is used for storing things or displaying attractive items
35. (adj.) small and crowded
37. (n.) a light with a single, very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person
38. (n.) a main film with a story, rather than a documentary
44. (n.) a machine that carries people or goods from one floor of a building to another
45. (n.) a classification of film which states that the film is not suitable for children to watch without an adult because of slightly sexual or violent scenes
47. (n.) the main subject of something such as a talk, piece of writing or work of art
49. (adj.) (of a house or room) containing furniture
50. (n.) a play, film or television programme which is intended to be funny and make people laugh
51. (n.) the upper interior surface of a room
52. film (n.) a film that has a lot of exciting action and adventure
53. (adj.) making you feel more calm and relaxed
55. (n.) a large piece of cloth with buildings, countryside, etc. painted on it that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery
56. (n.) a metal container filled with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires
58. (n.) a film or a television programme which gives facts and detailed information about a particular subject
60. (n.) the general environment of the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform
61. (n.) a piece of furniture with shelves for keeping books on
62. (n. phr.) the clothes worn by actors in a play or film, which are exaggerated in order to attract attention or create a special effect
63. (n.) a story, film, etc. that is based on imagination but not facts
64. (n.) a large group of people who play classical music with various musical instruments together, led by a conductor
65. (n.) a time when all the people in a play, concert, etc. practise in order to prepare for a performance
66. (n.) a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations

Down

1. (n.) a long narrow passage in a building
2. (adj.) a confined space is so small that you cannot move around in it freely
4. (n.) a particular attitude towards something, or a way of thinking about something
5. (adj.) using new styles that are different from the styles of the past
7. (n.) a play or film in which part or all of the story is told by songs and often dancing
9. (n.) the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to a play, concert, someone speaking, etc., or the people who watch, read or listen to the same thing
10. (n.) a type of film that is designed to frighten people
11. (n.) a story, film or play about a murder or a crime, in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
13. (n.) a play or film about death or suffering with a sad ending
14. (n.) a television programme about ordinary people who are filmed in real situations, rather than actors
15. (adj.) calm and quiet; free from disturbance
16. (n.) a door, gate, etc. by which you can enter a building
19. (n.) a security system of televising by cable to designated viewing sets that is used in many buildings to protect them from crime
20. (n.) all the music, speech and sounds that are recorded for a film
21. (n.) a person who is in charge of a show/play/film and tells the actors how to play their parts
22. (adj.) perfectly clean and tidy without any dirt
23. (n.) a person who tells a story, especially in a play or film
24. (n.) a story or film with an exciting plot, especially one about crime or spying
26. (n.) a series of short parts from a film, shown in advance to advertise it
27. (n.) the ability that a scriptwriter possesses to notice and understand what people or situations are really like
28. (n.) a type of film that is based on imagined future, and often deals with space travel and life on other planets
30. (n.) a film or a television programme in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
36. (adj.) lacking the necessary tools or equipment to do something
39. (n.) the art or process of making films/movies
40. (n.) a part of a computer with a screen, on which you can see pictures or information
41. (n.) the words that are written for a film, including instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed
42. (n.) an informal television programme in which famous people are asked questions about themselves and their work
43. (n.) a book, film, play, etc. that continues the story of an earlier one
46. (n.) a computer with a keyboard, screen and main processing unit which is small enough to fit on top of a desk
48. (n.) a story about the daily lives, relationships and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television
54. (n.) words shown at the bottom of a film to translate or explain what is being said by the actors
57. (n.) a cloth bag which is filled with soft material and is used especially on chairs or sofas for sitting or leaning on
59. (n.) a bar or frame for hanging towels

Across

4. A short poem or set of words set to music or meant to be sung.（一首简短的诗或一组配上音乐或打算演唱的词。）
6. A set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country, period, or play.（具有特定国家、时期或戏剧风格的一套服装。）
9. The sound produced by the vocal cords, used for speaking, singing, etc.（由声带产生的声音，用于说话、唱歌等。）
10. A bowed stringed instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths, held against the chin and played with a bow.（一种有四根弦的弓弦乐器，按纯五度调音，靠在下巴上用琴弓演奏。）
13. A film or television or radio program that provides a factual report on a particular subject.（关于特定主题的事实报道的电影、电视或广播节目。）
14. A person who takes photographs, especially as a job.（拍摄照片的人，尤指以此为职业的人。）
17. The words of a song.（歌曲的歌词。）
18. A person who plays a musical instrument, especially as a profession.（演奏乐器的人，尤指以此为职业的人。）
20. Liked or admired by many people.（为很多人喜欢或赞赏的。）
21. A classical dance form demanding grace and precision and employing formalized steps and gestures.（一种古典舞蹈形式，要求优雅和精准，采用形式化的舞步和手势。）
22. A public display of works of art or items of interest.（艺术作品或有趣物品的公开展览。）
23. A style of popular music originating in the US in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies.（一种 20 世纪 50 年代起源于美国的流行音乐风格，以强烈的节奏和简单的旋律为特点。）
25. A large musical instrument with a keyboard, in which felt - covered hammers strike the strings when the keys are depressed.（一种大型键盘乐器，按下琴键时，包有毛毡的琴锤敲击琴弦发声。）
26. Relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.（与遥远的过去相对，与现在或近期有关的。）
27. Short for alternative, often referring to a style of music that is different from mainstream.（“alternative” 的缩写，常指与主流不同的音乐风格。）
30. A sudden, brief burst of light.（突然、短暂的闪光。）
31. Produce musical sounds with the voice, especially words with a tune.（用声音发出音乐声，尤指带有曲调的歌词。）
32. A play, film, or broadcast program intended to make an audience laugh.（旨在让观众发笑的戏剧、电影或广播节目。）

Down

1. An order, especially one given by a person in authority.（命令，尤指由权威人士发出的命令。）
2. Based on or in accordance with tradition.（基于或符合传统的。）
3. A television comedy series featuring the same characters in a succession of humorous situations.（一种电视喜剧系列，在一系列幽默情境中出现相同角色。）
5. A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.（用于展示或销售艺术作品的房间或建筑物。）
6. A performance of music by one or more musicians or singers.（一位或多位音乐家或歌手的音乐表演。）
7. A part of a play, film, or book in which the action moves from one place or time to another.（戏剧、电影或书中，动作从一个地方或时间转移到另一个地方或时间的部分。）
8. A stringed musical instrument with a long neck and a flat - backed soundbox, played with the fingers or a plectrum.（一种弦乐器，有长琴颈和平背音箱，用手指或拨片弹奏。）
11. A thing that is or may be chosen.（可选择的事物。）
12. The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.（习俗或信仰代代相传，或指以这种方式传承的事实。）
13. A percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end, played by striking with the hands or sticks.（一种打击乐器，由一个两端蒙有薄膜的空心圆柱体组成，用手或鼓槌敲击演奏。）
15. A style of popular music, typically short and simple, with a strong beat.（一种流行音乐风格，通常简短简单，节奏强烈。）
16. A device made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a musical instrument.（为特定目的制造或改装的设备，尤指乐器。）
19. Relating to the traditional beliefs, customs, and way of life of a community or nation.（与一个社区或国家的传统信仰、习俗和生活方式有关的。）
24. A small group of musicians who play popular music together.（一起演奏流行音乐的一小群音乐家。）
28. Pay attention in order to hear something.（集中注意力以便听到某事。）
29. Judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.（经过一段时间评判，被认为质量最高且在同类中杰出的。）

Across

1. -n. a roll of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke, like a cigarette but bigger and without paper around it
6. -n. a separate section of a book, usually with a number or title
8. -n. the scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions
9. -n.  a pair of small sticks of wood or ivory, held together in one hand and used in some Asian countries as utensils, as to lift food to the mouth
11. -n.  either side of the face below the eyes
12. -a.likely to change; often changing
13. -n.  a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams, lists of figures, etc.
14. -n. a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant, hotel, etc.
15. -n. a building where Christians go to worship
17. -n. a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, a seat and four legs
18. -n. a piece of music, usually part of a larger work, that is written for a choir (= a group of singers)
19. -n. a young human who is not yet an adult
20. -n. a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for sth instead of using money
21. -n. 25 December, the day when Christians celebrate the birth of Christ
23. -a. that you can rely on to happen or to be true
24. -a. connected with chemistry
25. -n. an underground room often used for storing things
26. -n.  a special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth
27. -n.  the period of sb's life when they are a child
28. -v. to show that a day or an event is important by doing sth special on it
29. -n. a line, route, or journey around a place
31. -n. an act of choosing between two or more possibilities; something that you can choose
33. -n. a person whose job is to prepare and sell medicines, and who works in a shop
34. -n. a possibility of sth happening, especially sth that you want
35. -n. a completely round flat shape
37. -n. a coin and unit of money worth 1% of the main unit of money in many countries, for example of the US dollar or of the euro
38. -a. = Celsius a temperature of 40 degrees centigrade
40. -n. to examine sth to see if it is correct, safe or acceptable
41. -n. a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco , for smoking
42. -ad. without doubt SYN definitely
43. -n. a period of 100 years
46. -a. very typical of sth or of sb's character
48. - vt. to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available
51. -a. in the centre of an area or object
52. -n. the middle point or part of sth
55. -n. a television station
56. -n.a new or difficult task that tests sb's ability and skill

Down

1. -n.  the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action
2. -n. a structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away from a fire, etc. and through the roof of a building; the part of this that is above the roof
3. -n.&v. to trick sb or make them believe sth which is not true
4. -n. a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans , used in cooking to add flavour to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweet/candy
5. -a. [ only before noun]most important
6. -n.an official document that may be used to prove that the facts it states are true
7. -int. a word that people say to each other as they lift up their glasses to drink
8. -n. a building in which films/movies are shown
10. -n.&vi.to talk in a friendly informal way to sb
11. -n. a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport
13. -v.  to move continuously around a place or system
14. -n. the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak, etc.
16. -n. a large bird that is often kept for its eggs or meat
18. -a.difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability
19. -n. a substance similar to chalk made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing
20. -n.&vi. a shout of joy, support or praise
21. -n. all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others
22. -n. a woman in charge of a meeting, a committee or an organization
25. -n. a state of complete confusion and lack of order
27. -n. a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in colour; a particular type of this food
29. -n.a room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station
30. -n. = mobile phone
32. -n. a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things;
33. -n.  to become different
35. -vt. to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow
36. -n. a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions
37. -a. from or connected with China
38. -a. costing little money or less money than you expected
39. -n.  words or phrases that a group of people shout or sing again and again
41. -n. ( abbr. cm) a unit for measuring length. There are 100 centimetres in a metre.
43. -n. a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances
44. -v. to ask an amount of money for goods or a service
45. -a.happy, and showing it by the way that you behave
47. -n. the top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach
49. -n. the largest country in eastern Asia. Population: 1,349,585,838 (2014). Capital: Beijing. China's population is the largest of any country in the world. It also has one of the oldest civilizations in the world.
50. -n. based on or believing the teachings of Jesus Christ
51. -n. white clay which is baked and used for making delicate cups, plates, etc
52. -n.  a game for two people played on a board marked with black and white squares on which each playing piece (representing a king, queen, castle, etc.) is moved according to special rules. The aim is to put the other player's king in a position from which it cannot escape (= to checkmate it).
53. -n.&v. to be unable to breathe because the passage to your lungs is blocked or you cannot get enough air; to make sb unable to breathe
54. -n. a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals, who perform skilful or amusing acts in a show that travels around to different places

Across

2. -n. a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant, hotel, etc.
3. -n. a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals, who perform skilful or amusing acts in a show that travels around to different places
6. -n. a person whose job is to prepare and sell medicines, and who works in a shop
7. -n. a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances
8. -n.  a special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth
9. -n.  a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams, lists of figures, etc.
11. -v. to ask an amount of money for goods or a service
12. -n. a structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away from a fire, etc. and through the roof of a building; the part of this that is above the roof
14. -n. the largest country in eastern Asia. Population: 1,349,585,838 (2014). Capital: Beijing. China's population is the largest of any country in the world. It also has one of the oldest civilizations in the world.
15. -n. a piece of music, usually part of a larger work, that is written for a choir (= a group of singers)
16. -n. a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, a seat and four legs
18. -n. a possibility of sth happening, especially sth that you want
20. -n.  either side of the face below the eyes
21. -n.&v. to be unable to breathe because the passage to your lungs is blocked or you cannot get enough air; to make sb unable to breathe
23. -n.  words or phrases that a group of people shout or sing again and again
25. -n. all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others
26. -int. a word that people say to each other as they lift up their glasses to drink
27. -n.an official document that may be used to prove that the facts it states are true
28. -a. very typical of sth or of sb's character
30. -n. a line, route, or journey around a place
32. -a.likely to change; often changing
35. -n.  the period of sb's life when they are a child
36. -n.a room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station
37. -n. an underground room often used for storing things
39. -a. in the centre of an area or object
40. -n. a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport
43. -n. the top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach
45. -n. a roll of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke, like a cigarette but bigger and without paper around it
47. -a. from or connected with China
49. -a. [ only before noun]most important
50. -n. based on or believing the teachings of Jesus Christ
51. -n.  the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action
54. -a. costing little money or less money than you expected
55. -n. a separate section of a book, usually with a number or title
56. -n.  a game for two people played on a board marked with black and white squares on which each playing piece (representing a king, queen, castle, etc.) is moved according to special rules. The aim is to put the other player's king in a position from which it cannot escape (= to checkmate it).
57. -n. = mobile phone
58. -n. a building in which films/movies are shown

Down

1. -n. a period of 100 years
3. -n. to examine sth to see if it is correct, safe or acceptable
4. -n. a woman in charge of a meeting, a committee or an organization
5. -n. a building where Christians go to worship
6. - vt. to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available
10. -n. a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans , used in cooking to add flavour to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweet/candy
11. -n. a state of complete confusion and lack of order
13. -a.happy, and showing it by the way that you behave
14. -n. the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak, etc.
15. -n. a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco , for smoking
16. -n.  a pair of small sticks of wood or ivory, held together in one hand and used in some Asian countries as utensils, as to lift food to the mouth
17. -n. the middle point or part of sth
19. -v.  to move continuously around a place or system
20. -ad. without doubt SYN definitely
22. -n.  to become different
23. -n. 25 December, the day when Christians celebrate the birth of Christ
24. -a. = Celsius a temperature of 40 degrees centigrade
25. -n. a coin and unit of money worth 1% of the main unit of money in many countries, for example of the US dollar or of the euro
26. -n. white clay which is baked and used for making delicate cups, plates, etc
27. -n. an act of choosing between two or more possibilities; something that you can choose
28. -a. connected with chemistry
29. -v. to show that a day or an event is important by doing sth special on it
31. -a. that you can rely on to happen or to be true
32. -vt. to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow
33. -n. a substance similar to chalk made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing
34. -n. a large bird that is often kept for its eggs or meat
37. -n. a television station
38. -n. ( abbr. cm) a unit for measuring length. There are 100 centimetres in a metre.
41. -n.&vi. a shout of joy, support or praise
42. -n. a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions
43. -n. a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things;
44. -n.&vi.to talk in a friendly informal way to sb
45. -n.&v. to trick sb or make them believe sth which is not true
46. -n. a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in colour; a particular type of this food
48. -n. a completely round flat shape
50. -n.a new or difficult task that tests sb's ability and skill
51. -n. the scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions
52. -n. a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for sth instead of using money
53. -a.difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability
56. -n. a young human who is not yet an adult

Across

2. a modern idea that drama is a plurimedial form of art
3. a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period
6. story or event recorded by a camera as a set of moving images and shown in a theater or on television; a motion picture
9. a style of physical comedy used in movies, tv shows, cartoons, and plays. Involves chases, silly and exaggerated movements
11. place that is believed to be the origin of Western theater
12. comparatively simple narrative
15. the first performance or exhibition
18. designated space for the performance of productions
19. conversation between 2 or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie
24. a category of artistic composition as in music, or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or, subject matter
26. when people tend to express their emotions in an exaggerated, demanding, reactive, and toxic way
27. type of drama that takes on features of satire as it fixes on professions of virtue and the practices contradict them
28. a place that is often called the cradle of Western Civilization
31. a genre of drama that portrays the suffering or terrible events that happen to a main character
33. relating to acting, actors or the theater
35. a film or play that runs between 80-180 minutes long, follows a traditional 3-act structure with many characters and a large budget
37. a major form of classical Japanese dance-drama that has been performed since the 14th century
38. a culture that had a way of investigating the world they lived in and what it meant to be human
41. a building or outdoor area in which plays and other dramatic performances are given
44. a work of drama, usually consisting mostly of dialogue between characters and intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading
45. relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture
46. form of ancient Greek drama that combines elements of tragedy and comedy
49. a play or movie in which singing and dancing are an essential part
51. type of drama where a play is not intended to be performed on stage, but read by a solitary reader out oud in a large group
52. genre of fiction that involves characters falling in love or having a romantic relationship
53. relating to melodrama
55. causing or involving great suffering, fear or unhappiness; extremely bad or serious
56. performed without utterance; unspoken
58. the script of a movie, including acting instructions and stage directions
61. a person whose professions is acting on stage, in movies, or on television
62. literature in the form of prose that describes imaginary events and people
65. large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus central event were theatrical performances of tragedies and comedies
69. a comedic dramatic work using buffoonery and horse play and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situation
70. literature that is written in verse and emphasizes the rhythmic use of words to create imagery
71. a play for theater, radio, or television
72. central idea, message, or lesson that is explored through a work
73. Russian author and playwright
75. a classic tragedian of ancient Athens
76. a time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger
77. movie or image made using animation techniques
78. Russian dramatist and author
79. causing indignation or disgust; offensive

Down

1. relating to drama or the performance or study of drama
4. a type of poem or song that expresses personal emotions or thoughts
5. consisting of official pieces of written, printed, and other matter
7. use of humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices
8. someone who was the principle performer
10. a state or feeling of excited or anxious, uncertainty about what may happen
13. a form of humor that imitates and exaggerates someone or something for comedic effect or ridicule
14. of or relating to comedy; comical sense
15. a theater
16. a modern episodic drama that seeks to provoke objective understanding of a social problem through a series of loosely connected scenes that avoid illusion and often interrupted the action to address the audience
17. Roman dramatist born in 195BC, Carthage, N. Africa
18. a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier work
20. activity or skill of marking coherent words on paper and composing text
21. modern heroic narrative resembling the Icelandic heroic stories
22. mental sharpness and inventiveness; keen intelligence
23. a type of drama that is a liturgical drama or religious theatrical performance, in the Roman Catholic tradition largely limited to the Middle Ages
25. someone who is the principle performer
29. genre of literature, film, and television that is meant to scare, startle, shock, and even repulse audiences
30. written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit
32. large, organized group of singers especially one that performs together with an orchestra or opera company
34. the rhythmical pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in verse
36. ancient Greek poet, was first actor in Greek drama and inventor of tradegy
39. drama comprising of several genres, serious and humorous, and extends chronologically from the beginnings of literature in the 3rd century BCE down into the imperial period
40. a situational comedy
41. a play containing elements of both comedy and tragedy
42. an approach to acting that aims for a unified effect achieved by all members of a cast working together on behalf of the play, rather than individual performances
43. move rhythmically to music, typically following a series of steps
44. an instance of an actor playing a part in a movie or play; a performance
47. an episode that is turbulent or highly emotional
48. an invented prose narrative that is usually long and complex and deals especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of events
50. a box; a small separating seating area in the auditorium or audience for a limited number of people for private viewing of a performance or event
54. a small character part in a play or movie, played by a distinguished actor or celebrity
57. a genre of drama that appeals to the emotions of the audience with exaggerated plots and characters
59. a short play or dramatic piece
60. having existed many years ago
61. dramatic conflict between the chief characters
63. the direction or production of movies for the theater or television
64. a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral
66. the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves
67. of the highest quality or standing
68. a system used to broadcast programs for entertainment
70. the act of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment
74. drama that did not take off until after the 19th century due to strict government censorship

Across

2. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
4. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
6. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
7. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
8. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
9. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
12. A portable free-reed instrument with buttons or keys on either side of a bellows; it is one of the two main instruments in conjunto music
13. Mexican singer and actress, known in the 1940s as the mother of ranchera
17. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
21. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
23. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
24. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
26. the idea, most often applied to the experiences of migrants, that such experience transcends the nation-state
27. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
28. Los_____, Conjunto norteño known in the 1960s for their rich two-part vocal harmonies
32. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
33. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
35. Los _____, Conjunto norteño who helped define modern norteño instrumental style and used corrido form to deal with social issues
38. Singer, guitarist and songwriter who in the 1930s was known as the “Queen of Tejano Music”
42. Mexican singer and actor whose films popularized ranchera music and who became an icon of the urban working class
45. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
46. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
48. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement
49. One of the first female singers to front a conjunto tejano, known as “La Reina de la Onda Chicana” in the 1970s and 80s
51. Mexican singer whose dark voice and dramatic, expressive style made her the most influential female singer of ranchera
53. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
54. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
55. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
56. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
57. A lyrical epic and narrative song form, stemming from the literary tradition of the Spanish romance, that rose to popularity with the Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events

Down

1. The last stanza of a corrido or other folk song, in which the singer says farewell to its audience and closes the narration
3. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
5. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
7. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
8. _____ nationalism, the idea that a group of people identify with and have an allegiance to the territorial nation and the state that governs it
10. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
11. Bajo sexto player; as accompanist to Narciso Martínez, defined conjunto tejano style
14. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
15. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
16. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
18. A dance in duple meter of central European origin; one of the primary genres played by conjuntos
19. Mexican American singer, songwriter and bandleader who composed several standards of the ranchera repertoire and contributed corridos to the Chicano Movement, earning him the title of “Father of Chicano Music”
20. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
22. The arrangement of time durations in music
25. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
29. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
30. Led by brothers Paulino and Eloy, one of the most influential groups in conjunto tejano, known for their rich three-part vocal harmonies
31. Treaty of _____, it ended the U.S.-Mexican War, forcing Mexico to cede one third of its territory
34. Known as “El Charro Cantor,” Mexican opera singer who defined ranchera singing style
35. Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez and guitarist Freddy Fender, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B and country
36. _____nationalism, a nationalism based on nature and landscape; U.S. nationalism is an example
37. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
39. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
40. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
41. Most popular and influential banda group, founded in 1937 by Cruz Lizarraga but still active today
43. Term usually referring specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions and tambora, influential in música norteña
44. _____ nationalism, the continual process of constructing a national identity
47. Guitar-like instrument with twelve strings, that provides accompaniment to the accordion in conjunto music
48. An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion and bajo sexto
50. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
52. Percussion instrument consisting of a double-headed bass drum with cymbals; a vital component of banda music

Across

2. Genre of Cuban origin featuring romantic lyrics and close vocal harmonies accompanied with guitars; it became an urban cosmopolitan genre after its arrival in Mexico City in the 1930s
5. Puerto Rican rapper whose smash hit “Gasolina” popularized reggaeton worldwide in 2004
7. A corrido relating to the drug traffic; while controversial and often banned, they are extremely popular on both sides of the border
8. Brazilian singer and composer who contributed to the establishment of the urban samba, composing such classics as “Aquarela do Brasil”
10. Mexican singer and songwriter who wrote many narcocorridos on commission, cultivated a bandit persona and reached fame after being assassinated while on tour in his home state of Sinaloa in 1992; he sparked a revival in the corrido genre
17. Argentinian composer who integrated Argentine popular music with classical forms and jazz, becoming a leader of the Nuevo Tango
20. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
24. _____ Records: one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
26. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
28. Colombian pop singer who established her popularity throughout Latin America with her 1996 album Pies descalzos and broke into the U.S. market with the bilingual album Laundry Service in 2001
29. Mexican rock en español band whose distinctive sound included post-punk, Mexican folk and Afro-Caribbean musics, as seen in their 1990 album El Diablito
34. Mexican singer who pioneered the corrido tumbado style with his band los Plebes del Rancho, which included guitar, requinto and tuba
35. Conjunto norteño known for their romantic music, dance music as well as narcocorridos; their lyrics often use code words to refer to drug lore, such as in “Mis tres animales”
36. Conjunto de ________ Ensemble of traditional cumbia, including including gaita hembra, gaita macho, maracas, tambor llamador, tambor alegre, and tambora
37. Corrido ________: genre that emerged in the 2010s that fuses traditional elements of Mexican folk musics with elements of trap, hip hop, and reggaeton and violent, gritty lyrics often referencing drug trafficking
39. Colombian singer and actor whose fusion of vallenato with rock, pop legitimized vallenato among middle-class Colombian audiences and popularized it internationally
43. Genre that emerged in Argentina in the late 1970s as political resistance, influential as a precursor of rock en español
44. Song and dance, associated particularly with carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro; considered Brazil’s national dance
46. Dance genre developed by Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans in New York in the 1960s and 1970s, featuring elements from Cuban son and jazz; it mediates conflicts between tradition and modernity
47. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
49. Música _______ Term that describes the various Afro-Caribbean styles, from Colombia as well as foreign origin, played by Colombian big bands in the 1930s and 40s; now describes all genres of Afro-Caribbean origin
51. Newyorican trombonist and bandleader whose powerful arrangements perfectly complemented Blades’s lyrics

Down

1. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement; several corridos were written in his honor
3. Hip hop en español duo consisting of two Puerto Rican step-brothers: rapper Residente and producer Visitante. Their eclectic style mixes reggaeton and hip hop with musics from all over the world with political and social commentary, for example in “La Perla”
4. Brazilian singer and guitarist who was one of the most influential bossa nova figures for songs such as “Desafinado”
6. Argentinian rock nacional band whose mixture of pop, reggae and new wave (such as seen in their album Signos) made them one of the top Spanish-language bands of the 1980s
9. Mexican composer who helped disseminate bolero throughout Latin America
11. Música _______ Brazilian rural music featuring guitars, accordion, and two singers in parallel thirds
12. Colombian singer-songwriter who is perhaps one of the most important Latin music artists of the early 21st c.
13. Adaptation of rock to a Latin American context, featuring Spanish-language lyrics, Latin American themes, rhythms and instruments, and the use of local folk and popular genres
14. Argentinian singer and actor who became the leading singer of La Guardia Nueva and popularized the tango canción all over the world
15. Mexican-American singer, known as “La Diva de la Banda”, who became successful in the male-dominated banda and narcocorrido scene until her death in a plane crash in 2012
16. Percussionist and bandleader who popularized Latin dance genres and became a symbol of Puerto Rican identity
18. Colombian bandleader who led one of the most innovative and successful orchestras of música tropical in the 1940s
19. Any process (economic, political, cultural) that extends beyond the boundaries of nation-states
21. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
22. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
23. Cuban American pop singer who began her career as the lead vocalist for Miami Sound Machine, pioneering the Latin pop explosion
25. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
27. Panamanian singer and composer; one of the most prominent salsa artists
29. Argentinian pianist, singer and bandleader who as a leader of Serú Girán, defined rock nacional
30. Chilean singer-songwriter who was tortured and killed after the coup that deposed Salvador Allende; extremely influential writer of nueva canción
31. Mexican rock rap band that reached fame in the late 1990s
32. Pan-Latin urban genre that originated in Puerto Rico and NYC in the early 1990s, mixing hip hop, reggae and Latin American musics with Spanish-language lyrics
33. Most popular Colombian musical genre, featuring African-based rhythms
38. A term that describes a new era of human communication and interconnection across cultural, national, and geographic boundaries; its processes are separate from specific national boundaries, whereas transnational processes are still anchored in one or more nation states
40. One of the most pressing issues of U.S. relations with Latin America, it can be said to have transformed the demographics of the border region as well as the U.S. at large over the past 70+ years
41. Brazilian popular music, influenced by jazz, that developed in the 1960s as a new way of performing samba-canção, popular among the white, urban middle and upper classes
42. Colombian working-class genre featuring button accordion, caja and guacharaca
45. Argentinian dance and song genre and national symbol
48. _________ canción: Influential folk and folk-inspired Latin American song genre, featuring poetic lyrics often focused on social justice issues; emerged first in Chile, where it was closely associated with the administration of President Allende
50. The use and knowledge of both English and Spanish; it is an increasing feature of the biculturalism of the border region and beyond

Across

1. Ballet _____, term since the 1950s for dance groups that merge theatrical elements of classical ballet with Mexican folk dances
3. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
5. Mexican singer and actor whose films popularized ranchera music and who became an icon of the urban working class
7. The last stanza of a corrido or other folk song, in which the singer says farewell to its audience and closes the narration
8. An acculturated popular music of the Tohono O'odham and Akimel O'odham of Southern Arizona, featuring elements of conjunto, American music and native musics
12. A generic term for Mexican folk music, typically danced, with regional variations
15. The period (1876-1911) during which Mexico was ruled by Porfirio Díaz
19. the glorification of indigenous traditions and heritage; it constitutes a primary element of Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism
20. Los_____, Conjunto norteño known in the 1960s for their rich two-part vocal harmonies
21. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
24. Grammy-award winning pop and country singer whose 1987 album Canciones de mi padre was influential in spurring interest in mariachi music and highlighted mariachi as a symbol of Mexican American identity
28. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
29. A Mexican cowboy, particularly from Western Mexico; their typical suit is worn by mariachi ensembles
32. Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who became an icon for the Chicano Movement
37. Guitar-like instrument with twelve strings, that provides accompaniment to the accordion in conjunto music
38. Bajo sexto player; as accompanist to Narciso Martínez, defined conjunto tejano style
39. A rapid movement of the dancer’s feet against a raised wooden platform, producing a percussive accompaniment to the music; an important feature of Mexican folk dance
42. Accordionist and composer, considered the father of Texas Mexican music, also known as “El huracán del valle”
43. Mexican-born vihuelist and mariachi director who was a leading promoter of mariachi music in the United States; his Mariachi Los Camperos earned widespread recognition
46. A dance in duple meter of central European origin; one of the primary genres played by conjuntos
47. (1910-1926) The period during which Porfirio Díaz was overthrown and multiple leaders, many of them from the Northern states, vied for power in Mexico
48. _____ Records, one of the first Mexican American-owned record labels, influential in recording, disseminating, and popularizing conjunto tejano
49. Canción _____, term referring to Mexican folk and folk-derived songs with simple chordal accompaniment and an operatic vocal style; it is a main element of both mariachi and conjunto repertoire
52. A person of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage; by the early twentieth century they constituted the majority of the Mexican population
55. Percussion instrument consisting of a double-headed bass drum with cymbals; a vital component of banda music
56. A portable free-reed instrument with buttons or keys on either side of a bellows; it is one of the two main instruments in conjunto music
57. Term usually referring specifically to a Sinaloa ensemble consisting of brass, woodwinds, percussions and tambora, influential in música norteña
58. The arrangement of time durations in music
59. A small five-string instrument with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi ensembles
60. A lyrical epic and narrative song form, stemming from the literary tradition of the Spanish romance, that rose to popularity with the Revolution of 1910 as a means for sharing current events

Down

2. Mexican singer whose dark voice and dramatic, expressive style made her the most influential female singer of ranchera
4. Seven-time president of Mexico who pursued the modernization of Mexico through foreign investment
6. Most popular and influential banda group, founded in 1937 by Cruz Lizarraga but still active today
9. Known as “El Charro Cantor,” Mexican opera singer who defined ranchera singing style
10. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
11. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
13. Extremely influential accordionist who added vocals to the traditional conjunto tejano, retuned the accordion, and represents the transition to a modern conjunto style
14. Los _____, Conjunto norteño who helped define modern norteño instrumental style and used corrido form to deal with social issues
16. _____ nationalism, the continual process of constructing a national identity
17. _____ nationalism, the idea that a group of people identify with and have an allegiance to the territorial nation and the state that governs it
18. _____ de Tecalitlán, Most iconic mariachi ensemble, founded in 1898 by Gaspar Vargas and still active today
22. Supergroup including accordionist Flaco Jimenez and guitarist Freddy Fender, and singer Doug Sahm, which mixed conjunto tejano with R&B and country
23. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
25. One of the first female singers to front a conjunto tejano, known as “La Reina de la Onda Chicana” in the 1970s and 80s
26. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
27. Mexican singer and actress, known in the 1940s as the mother of ranchera
30. A large six-string bass guitar with a curved arched back; a main instrument of mariachi and other Mexican folk musics
31. Mexican singer who became the most prolific and influential composer of canción ranchera
32. Led by brothers Paulino and Eloy, one of the most influential groups in conjunto tejano, known for their rich three-part vocal harmonies
33. An ensemble common on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, centered around the accordion and bajo sexto
34. Treaty of _____, it ended the U.S.-Mexican War, forcing Mexico to cede one third of its territory
35. A term referring to Mexican Americans; although it previously had negative connotations, it was reclaimed during the 1960s civil rights movement as a symbol of pride in Mexican American heritage
36. Singer, guitarist and songwriter who in the 1930s was known as the “Queen of Tejano Music”
38. Antonio López de _____, general and President of Mexico who lost or sold over half of Mexico’s territory between 1836 and 1853
40. Mexican American singer, songwriter and bandleader who composed several standards of the ranchera repertoire and contributed corridos to the Chicano Movement, earning him the title of “Father of Chicano Music”
41. the idea, most often applied to the experiences of migrants, that such experience transcends the nation-state
44. _____nationalism, a nationalism based on nature and landscape; U.S. nationalism is an example
45. _____Nationalism, an ideology applied to much Mexican art after the Revolution, including the tenets that art should have a social function, and the glorification of indigenous heritage
50. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
51. Enormously popular Mexican American singer whose crossover appeal brought attention to tejano music, even before her tragic death in 1995 at the age of 23.
53. Musical tradition originating in Western Mexico, especially the state of Jalisco, with an ensemble typically consisting of trumpet, violin, vihuela, guitar, guitarrón and sometimes harp
54. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group

Across

2. William ____________: Leading English composer in the late 16th and early 17th c., who served under and was protected by Queen Elizabeth I
4. ____________ mass: A polyphonic mass cycle in which each movement’s tenor is based on the same melody, usually a chant or a secular song of the day, such as Du Fay’s Missa Se la face ay pale, based on his own ballade
8. System of notation and performance practice, used in the Baroque period, in which and instrumental bass line is written out and one or more players fill in the chords
10. In the early 17th c., a genre of secular, vocal chamber music consisting of solo voice plus basso continuo, intended for private performance in an aristocratic home
11. Renaissance double-reed wind instrument with a curved lower end
12. A slow, stately, duple meter dance; a favorite during the 16th c.
14. A male singer who was castrated before puberty to preserve his high vocal range, prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in opera
16. 16th-century congregational hymn; Luther wrote or adapted hundreds of these
18. Jacopo ________: Italian composer, singer, and instrumentalist, associated with the Florentine Camerata, who developed the dramatic recitative style for use in opera
21. Term for the period during the late 14th to the late 16th centuries, featuring a revival of classical learning, increased interest in nature, and a more individualistic view of humanity
22. Luca ____________: Italian composer who was one of the most prolific madrigalists of the late 16th c., notable for his madrigalisms and advanced harmonic expressiveness
23. In the early 1570s, a group that met at Count Bardi’s palace in Florence, whose interest in reviving Greek tragedy led to the creation of opera
25. Heinrich ______________: Composer known primarily for his sacred works, who synthesized German and Italian styles and is considered the greatest German composer of the 17th c.
26. 16th c. reform movement that resulted in the fracturing of Western Christianity, deeply impacting music
27. A vernacular song for unaccompanied voices, with emphasis on heightening the meaning of the text, which was the most important secular genre of the 16th c.
29. Tomás Luis de ____________: Spanish singer, organist and composer who wrote only sacred music and is the most famous Spanish composer of the 16th c.
30. Also known as ground bass, a repeated bass pattern on which an entire composition is based, common primarily in Spain, Spanish America, and Italy; examples include the “lament” (a descending tetrachord) and the chaconne
32. A bass viol is also known as ______________, because it was played by setting it on the floor between the player’s legs
34. Singer, composer, and teacher who as a member of the concerto delle donne was the highest paid musician on the Medici payroll, and the most prolific female composer of her time
37. Term originally meaning a misshapen pearl and used in a derogatory way in the 18th century to describe the heavily ornamented art of the previous generation, now used to describe the style of European music between 1600-1750
38. French singer and composer, active in French, Burgundian and Italian courts, especially the court of the Duke of Ferrara, considered the greatest composer of his time and one of the greatest of the Renaissance
42. Claudio ______________: Italian composer who represents the transition from the late Renaissance to the Baroque and was the most important and innovative composer of late 16th and early 17th c. Italy
44. A lyrical piece for solo voice, either independent or forming part of an opera, oratorio, cantata or other large work.
48. A term developed in the early 17th c. to refer to the style of Renaissance polyphony, especially Palestrina’s style, as opposed to the modern monodic, concertato style
49. A lively, fast triple meter dance; usually paired with a pavane
50. A 17th c. style in which vocal works were accompanied with instruments and basso continuo
51. Renaissance brass instrument, a precursor of the trombone

Down

1. The musician in charge of a chapel, whether at an aristocratic court or in a church; the position involved being responsible for all musical activities, including composing new music, performing, training and managing musicians. In a court, he would often be responsible for secular as well as sacred music
3. From Italian retorno (“return”), a section of music that repeats or recurs throughout a piece; used particularly in early opera arias and in instrumental music
5. Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation, with reforms emerging from the Council of Trent that had profound impact on sacred music
6. Giovanni ____________: Italian composer and organist, who with Willaert and his uncle was the leading representative of 16th and early 17th c. Venetian music
7. Guillaume ____________: French composer and theorist whose music represents the international style of the mid-15th c, when he was the leading composer
9. Jean de ____________: Influential French singer, composer, and teacher, famous particularly for his masses, who represents the transition between older counterpoint and late 15th-c. styles
13. Term coined by the Monteverdi brothers, in response to Artusi’s criticisms of Cruda Amarilli, to describe a freer use of dissonance in the service of the text
15. Orlande de ____________: Franco-Flemish singer and composer who was the best-known and most admired composer of his time; his works include French, Italian, and German music
17. Girolamo _____________: Organist and composer, primarily known for his keyboard works, who was one of the greatest composers of keyboard music
19. Term for a dramatic musical interlude performed between the acts of a play; it is the most immediate predecessor of opera
20. A group of three female singers at the Medici court in Florence, famous for their vocal virtuosity
24. Singer and composer whose eight published collections of vocal music place her as one of the most prolific composers of vocal chamber music in the 17th c., and one of the few female composers who were able to publish
28. A work that explores the idiomatic possibilities of a solo instrument; this genre emerged in the early 17th c.
31. Singer, voice teacher, and composer whose 1602 collection Le nuove musiche exemplifies the Florentine Camerata’s experiments in monody and explains early Baroque ornamentation practice
33. A staged drama featuring continuous or nearly continuous music, which became the leading genre of the 17th and 18th c.
35. A group of instrumental dances
36. John ____________: he composed in all polyphonic genres of his time and was the most highly regarded English composer of the 15th c.
39. Giovanni Perluigi da ____________: Italian singer and composer who was able to balance polyphony with text declamation; his music became a model of 16th c. counterpoint
40. A type of vocal writing for solo voice that imitates dramatic speech; it was developed by Jacopo Peri
41. A dance of Latin American origin, usually featuring a ground bass
43. A dramatic work on a religious subject, similar in style to opera but not staged, developed in Rome in the early 17th c.
45. Adriaan ____________: Flemish composer who contributed significantly to the development of the Italian madrigal, and established Venice as one of the most influential musical centers of the 16th c.
46. In the early 17th c., a term used to describe a solo melodic line plus basso continuo, developed as a way to better deliver a dramatic or expressive text
47. Cipriano de ____________: Leading madrigalist of the mid-16th century, with innovations in harmony and texture that created a dramatic style, intensely expressive of the text

Across

2. Female blues and jazz singer who emulated jazz instrumental soloists and performed with the greatest jazz musicians of the day; one of her most famous songs is the controversial "Strange Fruit"
5. Also known as country rock, mixture of blues and hillbilly that was developed in the mid-1950s by white, southern stars like Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, and Johnny Cash
6. Pianist, singer and composer whose work on Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hollywood made him the most productive and successful Tin Pan Alley composer
7. Arranger and bandleader, whose band at the Roseland Ballroom was the most important of the early big bands; his arrangements were made famous by Whiteman and Goodman's bands, among others
9. Guitarist, singer and songwriter who absorbed the country blues and transformed it into the electric Chicago blues; he was one of the most influential guitar players of all time
10. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
14. 1940s style of country named after the noisy Texas dance halls in which it developed, featuring frank, realistic lyrics on harsh subjects
16. Folklorists who recorded blues and folk musicians in the field for the Library of Congress archives, helping them achieve wide exposure
17. Most common form of Tin Pan Alley songs, with an introductory verse and a refrain in AABA form
18. Mexican American guitarist, singer, songwriter, who is considered a pioneer of Latin rock due to his hit “La Bamba”
19. A highly influential blues singer who came to prominence partly as a result of recordings made by ethnographers John and Alan Lomax
21. Country singer and songwriter whose popularity began as a result of the 1927 Bristol Sessions; his “Blue Yodels” show the strong influence of the blues on his music
24. 1920s style of country, primarily based on folk ballads and fiddle tunes from the British Isles
26. Category used in the early 20th century by the recording industry for its blues, jazz and gospel records; it was replaced in 1949 by Rhythm and Blues.
27. Profoundly influential rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter who wrote many hit songs that became rock and roll standards, like “Maybellene”
30. Guitarist, singer, and songwriter, known as the “Queen of Rockabilly”, who was one of the earlier female rock ’n’ roll artists
31. Jazz pianist who switched to pop singer, putting out dozens of crossover hits; he was the most successful black recording artist of the postwar era
33. A term that emerged in 1949 to refer to all Black popular music, but specifically refers to a danceable style of the 1940s and 50s pioneered by artists like Louis Jordan; it influenced many styles such as rock ’n’ roll, soul, gospel, and jazz.
34. rhythmic pattern of Cuban origin featuring a series of eighth notes arranged in irregular groups of 2 and 3; a fundamental element of Afro-Cuban and many Latin musics
36. _________ Broadcaster, later renamed the Telecaster: Released in 1948, this was the first commercially mass-produced, solid-body electric guitar
39. Singer who was the first female superstar of country music, with songs that gave a female perspective on honky tonk themes
40. Influential popular music style that emerged in the mid-1950s as a combination of rhythm and blues, country, gospel, boogie-woogie, and swing, popular among both white and black audiences
42. Spanish bandleader, violinist and arranger who with his Waldorf Astoria Orchestra was the most famous name in Latin music during the 1930s and 1940s
43. Pianist, bandleader and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big-band music
44. Rhythm and blues singer, songwriter and pianist, famous for his extroverted, energetic performances; he wrote many hit songs, including “Long Tall Sally”
46. Cuban pianist and bandleader who, as the leader of the Havana Casino Orchestra, launched the Latin dance craze in the United States with his 1930 hit “El manicero” (‘The Peanut Vendor’)
50. Saxophonist, singer, and bandleader who with his Tympany Five pioneered rhythm and blues, producing over 50 crossover hits
52. An intimate, gentles style of singing facilitated by the introduction of the electric microphone and modern recording techniques
53. Damaso _________: Cuban pianist, bandleader and arranger who toured the Americas in the 1940s, popularizing the mambo

Down

1. Pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
3. Singer and actor, influenced by both jazz and Italian opera, who represents the transition between big band swing and later pop trends
4. Singer, guitarist, and bandleader whose band The Comets combined western swing with rhythm and blues; their “Rock Around the Clock” from 1955 was the first international rock & roll hit
8. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
11. Pianist, bandleader and arranger, who developed the ideal jazz accompaniment centered around the rhythm section
12. Blues singer and guitarist who made some highly influential recordings in the 1930s; legend has it he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar skills
13. Female blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time before alcoholism and the Depression damaged her career; her duet with Louis Armstrong in "St. Louis Blues" is one of her most famous performances
15. Nickname for Cuban bandleader, singer, and maraca player Frank Grillo, who led the first U.S. band to use full Afro-Cuban percussion
19. Songwriting and producer team who were two of the most important songwriters of the early days of rock & roll, producing many hits for Elvis and others
20. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
22. A technique of jazz singing in which singers use nonsense syllables to improvise melodies, imitating instrumental solos
23. ________ swing: a style of country that developed in Texas in the 1930s, which mixed traditional fiddle tunes and Mexican and Hawaiian influences with big band swing
25. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
28. Clarinetist and bandleader who brought swing to national attention; his Quartet was the first well-known integrated band to perform live
29. Folk-derived popular music that developed in the Southeast U.S., influenced by Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional ballads, gospel, cowboy songs, and the blues, with lyrics that traditionally celebrate rural, working-class culture
32. Profoundly influential singer, guitarist and actor whose uninhibited, sexually charged performances helped to popularize rock & roll among national and international audiences
35. Rhythm and blues singer, known as “Miss Rhythm”, who was the most popular black female vocalist of the early 1950s
36. Rhythm and blues singer, pianist, and songwriter, who was the second biggest-selling artist of the 1950s, with hits such as “Blueberry Hill”
37. Singer, guitarist, songwriter who combined traditional rural country, blues, gospel, honky-tonk with heartfelt, relatable lyrics
38. Rhythm and blues singer, drummer, and harmonica player who scored a national hit with “Hound Dog” in 1953
41. The ______ Family: Influential country music artists, originally including A.P., his wife Sara and her sister Maybelle, whose repertory of traditional songs, ballads and hymns became country standards
45. 1940s style of country that showcases virtuosic banjo and fiddle players
47. Best known American bandleader, most famous for commissioning and performing symphonic jazz standards like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
48. 1940s Latin dance genre, derived from the Cuban son and danzón with the influence of swing; Pérez Prado popularized it throughout the Americas
49. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
51. Musical tradition that developed in the early 20th century, primarily in New Orleans, by African Americans, based on the blues and centered around the ideas of improvisation, syncopation, and swing

Across

2. (n.) a set of television programme that have the same characters or deal with the some subject
4. (n. phr) the clothes worn by actors in a play or film, which are exaggerated in order to attract attention or create special effect
5. (n.) a particular attitude towards something, or a way of thinking about something
7. (n.) the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to a play, concert, someone speaking, etc., or the people who watch, read or listen to the same thing
8. (n.)a container that you put waste in
10. (n.) a film or a television programme in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
13. (n.) the ability that a scriptwriter possesses to notice and understand what people or situations are really like
15. (n.)a cloth bag which is filled with soft material and is used especially on chairs or sofas for sitting or leaning on
16. (n.) the art or process of making films/movies
17. (n.) a classification of film which states that the film is not suitable for children to watch without an adult because of slightly sexual or violent scenes
18. (n.) a story, film, etc. that is based on imagination but not facts
21. (n.)a piece of furniture with shelved for keeping books on
22. (n.) the words that are written for a film, including instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed
26. (adj.) (of a furniture and buildings) old and in poor condition
28. (n.) a series of short parts from a film, shown in advance to advertise it
29. (n.)a door, gate etc. by which you can enter building
32. (n.)the outside part of the roof of a building
34. (adj.) (especially of a room or building) having a lot of space
35. (n.) a person who is in charge of a show /play/film and tells the actors how to play their parts
36. (n.) a small object used by actors during the performance of a play or in a film
39. (n.) the general environment of the raised area in a threatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform
42. (n.) the main subject of something such as a talk, piece of writing or work of art
44. (n.)a machine that carries people or goods from one floor of a building to another
48. (adj.) a confined space is so small that you cannot move around in it freely
49. (n.) a story of film with an exciting plot, especially one about crime or spying
51. (n.) a book, film, play, etc. that continues the story of an earlier one
53. (n.) a type of film that is designed to frighten people
54. (n.) a play or film in which part or all of the story is told by songs and often dancing
56. (n.)a computer with keyboard, screen and main processing unit which is small enough to fix on top of a desk
59. (n.)a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window
62. (n.)a security system of televising by cable to designated viewing sets that is used in many buildings to protect them from crime
64. (adj.) an airy room has plenty of fresh air
70. (n.) a television programme about ordinary people who are filmed in real situations, rather than actors
71. (adj.) a comfortable room or building is pleasant to spend time in
73. (n.)a part of a computer with s screen, on which you can see pictures or information
74. (n.) a play or film about death or suffering with a sad ending
75. (n.)spoons, forks and knives which are used for eating food
76. (n.) a machine that makes the air in a room or building cooler or drier

Down

1. (n.) a very successful film
3. (n.) a light with a single, very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person
6. (adj.) calm and quiet; free from disturbance
9. (n.) the act of performing music and singing in public area so that people passing by will give money
10. (n.) a film that has a lot of exciting action and adventure
11. (adj.) lacking the necessary tools or equipment to do something quaint (adj.) interesting and attractive because of its old-fashioned quality cramped (adj.) small and crowded
12. (n.) words shown at the bottom of a film to translate or explain what is being said by the actors
14. (n.) a television programme that shows sporting events, usually with commentator describing the event while it is happening
19. (n.) a type of film that is based on imaged future, and often deals with space travel and life on other planets
20. (n.)a bar or frame for hanging towels
23. (n.) a time when all the people in a play, concert, etc. practice in order or prepare for a performance
24. (n.)a piece of furniture with doors and shelves that is used for storing things or displaying attractive items
25. (adj.) a badly-ventilated room has an unpleasant smell because of the lock of fresh air
27. (adj./adv) behind the stage in a theatre where the actors and artists get ready and wait to perform or where equipment is kept
30. (n.) a large piece of cloth with buildings, countryside etc. painted on it that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery
31. (n.) a person who performs in a play or film
33. (n.) a system for reproducing sound using several speakers placed around the person listening to produce a more realistic sound
37. (n.)a comfortable piece of furniture for two or more people to sit on
38. (n.) a building or an outdoor area with a stage where plays and similar types of entertainment are performed
40. (n.) a television programme in which people play games or answer question to win prizes
41. (n.) a main film with a story, rather than a documentary
43. (adj.) using new styles that are different from the styles of the past
45. (n.)a set of stairs inside or outside a building
46. (n.)the upper interior surface of room
47. (n.) a story, film or play about a murder or a crime, in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
50. (n.) a person who performs in a play or film
52. (n.) a film or a television programme which gives facts and detailed information about a particular subject
55. (n.) all the music, speech and sounds that are recorded for a film
57. (n.) an unusual piece of action, an image, a sound or on entertainment on stage, created by using particular equipment
58. (n.) a large group of people who play classical music with various musical instruments together, led by a conductor
60. (n.) a play, film or television which is intended to be funny and make people laugh
61. (n.)a metal container filled with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires
63. (n.) a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations
65. (n.) an informal television programme in which famous people are asked to questions about themselves and their work
66. (adj.) perfectly clean and tidy without any dirt
67. (n.) a person who tells a story, especially in a play or film
68. (n.)a long narrow passage in a building
69. (n.) a story about the daily lives, relationship and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television
72. (adj.) making you feel more calm and relaxed

Across

1. (n.) the outside part of the roof of a building
4. (n.) a person who performs in a play or film
5. (adj.) (of a house or room) containing furniture
9. (adj.) a confined space is so small that you cannot move around in it freely
10. (n.) a television programme in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes
12. (n.) a set of television programmes that have the same characters or deal with the same subject
14. (adj.) (especially of a room or building) having a lot of space
16. (n.) the main subject of something such as a talk, piece of writing or work of art
17. (n.)a system for reproducing sound using several speakers placed around the person listening to produce a more realistic sound
20. (adj.) lacking the necessary tools or equipment to do something
21. (n.) a story about the daily lives, relationships and a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television
23. (n.) the upper interior surface of a room
24. (adj.) a badly-ventilated room has an unpleasant smell because of the lack of fresh air
25. (n.)a very successful film
29. (n.)a book, film, play, etc. that continues the story of an earlier one
33. (n.) spoons, forks and knives which are used for eating food
35. (adj.) perfectly clean and tidy without any dirt
39. (n.) a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations
41. (n.) a building or an outdoor area with a stage where plays and similar types of entertainment are performed
43. (n.) a piece of furniture with shelves for keeping books on
44. (n.) a series of short parts from a film, shown in advance to advertise it
46. (n.) a machine that carries people or goods from one floor of a building to another
47. (n.) a story, film, etc. that is based on imagination but not facts
50. (n.) a machine that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier
51. (n.) a film that has a lot of exciting action and adventure
52. (adj.) interesting and attractive because of its old-fashioned quality
55. (n.)the act of performing music and singing in a public area so that people passing by will give money
56. (n.)a story or film with an exciting plot, especially one about crime or spying
57. (n.) a play, film or television programme which is intended to be funny and make people laugh
58. (n.) a story about a love a�air
61. (n.)a play or film about death or su�ering with a sad ending
63. (n.) the words that are written for a film, including instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed
64. (n.) a set of stairs inside or outside a building
65. (n.) a time when all the people in a play, concert, etc. practise in order to prepare for a performance
67. (n.) a film or a television programme in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
70. (n.) the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to a play, concert, someone speaking, etc., or the people who watch, read or listen to the same thing
71. (n.) a metal container filled with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires
74. (n.) a television programme that shows sporting events,usually with a commentator describing the event while it is happening
76. (adj.) a comfortable room or building is pleasant to spend time in
77. (n.) a bar or frame for hanging towels

Down

2. (n.)a classification of film which states that the film is not suitable for children to watch without an adult because of slightly sexual or violent scenes
3. (n.) a person who performs in a play or film
6. (n.)a large group of people who play classical music with various musical instruments together , led by a conductor
7. (n.) a person who is in charge of a show/play/film and tells the actors how to play their parts
8. (n.) a computer with a keyboard, screen and main processing unit which is small enough to fit on top of a desk
9. (n.) a comfortable piece of furniture for two or more people to sit on
11. (n.) a person who tells a story, especially in a play or film
13. (n.) a container that you put waste in
15. (adj.) small and crowded
18. (n.) a play or film in which part or all of the story is told by songs and often dancing
19. (n.) a piece of furniture with doors and shelves that is used for storing things or displaying attractive items
22. (adj.) calm and quiet; free from disturbance
26. (n.) an unusual piece of action, an image, a sound or an entertainment on stage, created by using particular equipment
27. (adj.) (of furniture and buildings) old and in poor condition
28. (n.) a security system of televising by cable to designated viewing sets that is used in many buildings to protect them from crime
30. (n.) a part of a computer with a screen, on which you can see pictures or information
31. (n.) a main film with a story, rather than a
32. (n.) a cloth bag which is filled with soft material and is used especially on chairs or sofas for sitting or leaning on
33. (n.) the art or process of making films/movies
34. (n.) a type of film that is based on imagined future, and often deals with space travel and life on other planets
36. (adj.) making you feel more calm and relaxed
37. (n.) a type of film that is designed to frighten people
38. (n.) the ability that a scriptwriter possesses to notice and understand what people or situations are really like
40. (n.) a large piece of cloth with buildings, countryside, etc. painted on it that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery
42. (n.) a door , gate, etc. by which you can enter a building
45. (adj. / adv .) behind the stage in a theatre where the actors and artists get ready and wait to perform or where equipment is kept
48. (n.) all the music, speech and sounds that are recorded for a film
49. (adj.) using new styles that are di�erent from the styles of the past
53. (n. phr .) the clothes worn by actors in a play or film, which are exaggerated in order to attract attention or create a special e�ffect
54. (n.) a film or a television programme which gives facts and detailed information about a particular subject
59. (n.) a long narrow passage in a building
60. (n.) a television programme about ordinary people who are filmed in real situations, rather than actors
61. (n.) an informal television programme in which famous people are asked questions about themselves and their work
62. (n.) a light with a single, very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person stage setting (n.) the general environment of the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform
66. (n.) words shown at the bottom of a film to translate or explain what is being said by the actors
68. (n.) a particular attitude towards something, or a way of thinking about something
69. (n.) a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window
72. (n.) a story, film or play about a murder or a crime, in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
73. (adj.) an airy room has plenty of fresh air
75. (n.) a small object used by actors during the performance of a play or in a film

Across

2. Zouk is fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from the Creole slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the Carribean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980’s. It has a pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drum and its hi-hat, rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesizers.
3. - a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the AfroCaribbean styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso.
5. horn - one type of horn made from the horn of the kudu antelope.
6. - found throughout the continent may be made of wood or other materials. Short pieces of horn serve as whistles, often with a short tube inserted into the mouthpiece. Clay can be molded into whistles of many shapes and forms and then baked. Pottery whistles are sometimes shaped in the form of a head, similar to the Aztec whistles of Central America and Mexico.
9. drum - a hollow percussion instrument. Although known as a drum, it is not a true drum but is an idiophone.
10. - a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping the notches on a piece of wood (sometimes elaborately carved) with a stick, creating a series of rattling effects.
11. - made of seashells, tin, basketry, animal hoofs, horn, wood, metal bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise shells. These rattling vessels may range from single to several objects that are either joined or suspended in such a way as they hit each other.
13. Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
14. a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso” music.
17. bow - the ancestor of all string instruments. It is the oldest and one of the most widely-used string instruments of Africa.
18. Kon - These are slit gongs used to communicate between villages. They were carved out of wood to resemble ancestors and had a “slit opening” at the bottom.
19. percussion - Africans frequently use their bodies as musical instruments. Aside from their voices, where many of them are superb singers, the body also serves as a drum as people clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chests, or shuffle their feet.
21. consist of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row or in a bundle held together by wax or cord, and generally closed at the bottom. They are blown across the top, each providing a different note.
24. (Akpala) Apala- a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle(sekere), thumb piano(agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.
25. The thumb piano or finger xylophone is of African origin and is used throughout the continent.
30. - a type of gourd and shell megaphonefrom West Africa, consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd.
31. - made of wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks, and gourds with skins from snakes, zebras, leopards, crocodiles and animal hide as ornaments to the instrument.
34. a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
35. music that was a popular music genre of the 1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in the United States. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. Other characteristics include “call and response” between the soloist and the chorus, and an especially tense and powerful vocal sound.
36. - a West African xylophone. It is a pitched percussion instrument with bars made from logs or bamboo.
38. and response- a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first.
39. - found almost everywhere in Africa, are commonly made from elephant tusks and animal horns. With their varied attractive shapes, these instruments are end-blown or side-blown and range in size from the small signal whistle of the southern cattle herders to the large ivory horns of the tribal chiefs of the interior. One trumpet variety, the wooden trumpet, may be simple or artistically carved, sometimes resembling a crocodile’s head
40. a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.

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1. pipes - There are single-reed pipes made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stems, where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near one end. It is the vibration of this reed that causes the air within the hollow instrument to vibrate, thus creating the sound.
2. - an African fiddle played with a bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with the fingers. It has one or two strings, made of steel or bicycle brake wire. It is from Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known by the namestzetze and dzendze, izeze and endingidi; and on Madagascar is called lokanga (or lokango) voatavo.
4. originating from the Arabic states, is shaped like the modern guitar and played in similar fashion. It has a resonating body, a neck, and one or more strings which stretch across the length of its body and neck.
5. Kwassa- a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms move following the hips.
7. normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro spiritual, a song form by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its white communities.
8. first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu groups were called “nacoes” (nations) who paraded with a drumming ensemble numbering up to 100, accompanied by a singer, chorus, and a coterie of dancers.
12. a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African Jazz. Possessing a keyboard style combining American jazz, ragtime and blues with African roots, it is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance floor.
15. - a stringed instrument with varying sizes and shapes whose strings are stretched along its body. Among the types of African zither are the raft or Inanga zither from Burundi, the tubular or Valiha zither from Malagasy, and the harp or Mvet zither from Cameroon.
16. - Africa's most sophisticated harp, while also having features similar to a lute. Its body is made from a gourd or calabash. A support for the bridge is set across the opening and covered with a skin that is held in place with studs. The leather rings around the neck are used to tighten the 21 strings that give the instrument a range of over three octaves. Thekora is held upright and played with the fingers.
20. - widely used throughout Africa and either vertical or side-blown. They are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end and blown like a bottle.
22. Afrobeat- a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music
23. basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It is a lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar, making the Samba feel like a timed dance. There is a set of dances—rather than a single dance—that define the Samba dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no one dance can be claimed with certainty as the “original” Samba style.
26. - a single bell or multiple bells that had its origins in traditional Yoruba music and also in the samba baterias (percussion) ensembles. The agogo may be called “the oldest samba instrument based on West African Yoruba single or double bells.” It has the highest pitch of any of the bateria instruments.
27. - The West Africandjembe (pronounced zhem-bay) is one of the best-known African drums is. It is shaped like a large goblet and played with bare hands. The body is carved from a hollowed trunk and is covered in goat skin.
28. a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums. It refers to a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento and calypso music, as well as American jazz, and rhythm and blues. The most recognizable musical elements of reggae are its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords.
29. a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments in Juju are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).
32. drum - used to send messages to announce births, deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war. Sometimes it may also contain gossip or jokes. It is believed that the drums can carry direct messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one.
33. a large wooden drum that is rope-tuned, complemented by the tarol which is a shallow snare drum and the caixa-de-guerra which is a war-like snare.
36. a musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in AfricanAmerican communities. These communities are located in the so-called “Deep South” of the United States. The slaves and their descendants used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
37. Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European music styles with particular usage of the natural harmonic series.

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3. Also known as country rock, mixture of blues and hillbilly that was developed in the mid-1950s by white, southern stars like Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, and Johnny Cash
5. An early 20th-century, composed piano music featuring consistent syncopation of the melody against a steady duple meter
10. Jazz pianist who switched to pop singer, putting out dozens of crossover hits; he was the most successful black recording artist of the postwar era
12. A “catchy” or otherwise memorable musical phrase or pattern
14. Saxophonist, singer, and bandleader who with his Tympany Five pioneered rhythm and blues, producing over 50 crossover hits
16. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
17. Blues singer who made some highly influential recordings in the 1930s; legend has it he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar skills
18. _______ song: 19th-century sentimental popular song, meant for middle-class consumers; Stephen Foster’s “Beautiful Dreamer” is an example.
19. A term that emerged in 1949 to refer to all black popular music, but specifically refers to a danceable style of the 1940s and 50s pioneered by artists like Louis Jordan; it influenced many styles such as rock n roll, soul, gospel, and jazz.
23. 19th-century composer of popular songs who sought to raise the status of minstrel songs; he was the first American composer to live solely from his compositions.
25. Rhythm and blues singer, drummer, and harmonica player who scored a national hit with “Hound Dog” in 1953
27. Rhythm and blues singer, songwriter and pianist, famous for his extroverted, energetic performances; he wrote many hit songs, including “Long Tall Sally”
28. Musical tradition that developed in the early 20th century, primarily in New Orleans, by African Americans, based on the blues and centered around the ideas of improvisation, syncopation, and swing
29. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
33. Country singer and songwriter whose popularity began as a result of the 1927 Bristol Sessions; his “Blue Yodels” show the strong influence of the blues on his music
35. Influential popular music style that emerged in the mid-1950s as a combination of rhythm and blues, country, gospel, boogie-woogie, and swing, popular among both white and black audiences
36. _____ music, a term describing musics that are disseminated through media such as radio, records, TV, film or electronic files, subject to an aesthetic of innovation and mass appeal, and associated with the urban middle and lower classes
39. 1940s style of country named after the noisy Texas dance halls in which it developed, featuring frank, realistic lyrics on harsh subjects
40. Vocal African American folk music that can be said to be the foundation of much of American popular music
41. Spanish bandleader, violinist and arranger who with his Waldorf Astoria Orchestra was the most famous name in Latin music during the 1930s and 1940s
44. Female blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time before alcoholism and the Depression damaged her career; her duet with Louis Armstrong in "St. Louis Blues" is one of her most famous performances
45. Rhythm and blues singer, pianist, and songwriter, who was the second biggest-selling artist of the 1950s, with hits such as “Blueberry Hill”
46. Female blues and jazz singer who emulated jazz instrumental soloists and performed with the greatest jazz musicians of the day; one of her most famous songs is the controversial "Strange Fruit"
49. Damaso _________: Cuban pianist, bandleader and arranger who toured the Americas in the 1940s, popularizing the mambo
52. Narrative, strophic folk song usually sung by a solo voice with or without accompaniment, dealing with dramatic or tragic events
53. Category used in the early 20th century by the recording industry for its blues, jazz and gospel records; it was replaced in 1949 by Rhythm and Blues.
55. Profoundly influential rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter who wrote many hit songs that became rock and roll standards, like “Maybellene”
59. Arranger and bandleader, whose band at the Roseland Ballroom was the most important of the early big bands; his arrangements were made famous by Whiteman and Goodman's bands, among others
60. _________ Broadcaster, later renamed the Telecaster: Released in 1948, this was the first commercially mass-produced, solid-body electric guitar
61. The way that music is disseminated from person to person
62. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
66. ______ show: 19th-century variety show featuring white (and later, black) performers in blackface makeup; in spite of their overt racism, these shows can be said to be the first nationwide popular culture phenomenon and provided professional opportunities for African American performers
67. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
69. Singer who was the first female superstar of country music, with songs that gave a female perspective on honky tonk themes
70. A type of performance in which the music is created as it is being performed
71. An intimate, gentles style of singing facilitated by the introduction of the electric microphone and modern recording techniques
73. Mexican American guitarist, singer, songwriter, who is considered a pioneer of Latin rock due to his hit “La Bamba”
74. 1920s style of country, primarily based on folk ballads and fiddle tunes from the British Isles

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1. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African American musics
2. Best known American bandleader, most famous for commissioning and performing symphonic jazz standards like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
4. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
6. Term describing the popular music publishing industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with publishing houses centered on 28th Street in New York City; it focused on producing hits for an urban market
7. _____ music, a term describing musics that are traditional, primarily disseminated through oral transmission, and usually associated with a specific rural setting or ethnic group
8. Pianist, singer and composer whose work on Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and Hollywood made him the most productive and successful Tin Pan Alley composer
9. Pianist and composer whose works, such as "Maple Leaf Rag," defined ragtime
11. Folk-derived popular music that developed in the Southeast U.S., influenced by Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional ballads, gospel, cowboy songs, and the blues, with lyrics that traditionally celebrate rural, working-class culture
13. Pianist, bandleader and arranger, who developed the ideal jazz accompaniment centered around the rhythm section
15. Folklorists who recorded blues and folk musicians in the field for the Library of Congress archives, helping them achieve wide exposure
20. Pianist, songwriter, composer and conductor who successfully combined blues and jazz into his popular and classical works
21. A social construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared cultural heritage, ancestry, language, history, and or culture; it has largely replaced the now outdated concept of race
22. A simple, repeating melodic idea or pattern designed to generate rhythmic momentum, typically played by the horns or the piano in a jazz ensemble, or by an electric guitar in a rock n roll contex
24. A highly influential blues singer who came to prominence partly as a result of recordings made by ethnographers John and Alan Lomax
26. Songwriting and producer team who were two of the most important songwriters of the early days of rock & roll, producing many hits for Elvis and others
30. rhythmic pattern of Cuban origin featuring a series of eighth notes arranged in irregular groups of 2 and 3; a fundamental element of Afro-Cuban musics
31. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
32. 1940s style of country that showcases virtuosic banjo and fiddle players
34. Cuban pianist and bandleader who, as the leader of the Havana Casino Orchestra, launched the Latin dance craze in the United States with his 1930 hit “El manicero” (‘The Peanut Vendor’)
37. Guitarist, singer and songwriter who absorbed the rural blues and transformed it into the electric Chicago blues; he was one of the most influential guitar players of all time
38. Rhythm and blues singer, known as “Miss Rhythm”, who was the most popular black female vocalist of the early 1950s
42. Guitarist, singer, and songwriter, known as the “Queen of Rockabilly”, who was one of the earlier female rock ’n’ roll artists
43. Singer, guitarist, and bandleader whose band The Comets combined western swing with rhythm and blues; their “Rock Around the Clock” from 1955 was the first international rock & roll hit
47. 1940s Latin dance genre, derived from the Cuban son and danzón with the influence of swing; Pérez Prado popularized it throughout the Americas
48. A technique of jazz singing in which singers use nonsense syllables to improvise melodies, imitating instrumental solos
50. Pianist, bandleader and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big-band music
51. The ______ Family: Influential country music artists, originally including A.P., his wife Sara and her sister Maybelle, whose repertory of traditional songs, ballads and hymns became country standards
54. Profoundly influential singer, guitarist and actor whose uninhibited, sexually charged performances helped to popularize rock & roll among national and international audiences
56. Most common form of Tin Pan Alley songs, with an introductory verse and a refrain in AABA form
57. Clarinetist and bandleader who brought swing to national attention; his Quartet was the first well-known integrated band to perform live
58. Singer, guitarist, songwriter who combined traditional rural country, blues, gospel, honky-tonk with heartfelt, relatable lyrics
59. Singer and actor, influenced by both jazz and Italian opera, who represents the transition between big band swing and later pop trends
63. The arrangement of time durations in music
64. Song form in which multiple verses are set to the same music
65. Nickname for Cuban bandleader, singer, and maraca player Frank Grillo, who led the first U.S. band to use full Afro-Cuban percussion
68. ________ swing: a style of country that developed in Texas in the 1930s, which mixed traditional fiddle tunes and Mexican and Hawaiian influences with big band swing
72. A succession of pitches that has an organized and recognizable shape