cells Crossword Puzzles

Crossword Puzzle 2016-02-02

Across

Biologist that concluded cells are in all animals
A organelle that surrounds the nucleolus and protects it
Made of similar that work together to perform a specific activity
Friend of Robert Hooke, designed a microscope to see cells, and observed bacteria and protists in pond water
clips to hold the specimen down
If turned, changes the lens in the Body tube
A turning head that lets the user switch between objective lens
Determines how much light, goes into the object in question
DNA
Normally 3 different lens that all have a different amount of magnification.
A series of lens that allows sight farther than a normal human's capabilities; Inside a black tube
A stain that makes cells appear blue
If turned, changes how high the stage is
Converts energy in food particles into energy the cell can use
The sphere like object in the nucleus that assembles proteins
Magnifies the microscope 10x; Not attached to nosepiece
A easy to obtain stain that makes cells appear orange
Includes bacteria
Keeps the microscope from falling over
A jelly like substance that supports the organelles
Concluded that plants are made of cells

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Includes Chloroplast and cell wall
An organelle that forms a maze in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to the other.
Stores materials in a sac like organelle(s)
Smallest Unit of objects
Object that allows the user to see cells
Does not include a chloroplast
Studied that cells can only come from existing cells
Includes animals;plants;fungi; and protists
One out of millions of them in your body. Smallest structure of life
Helps produce protein for the cell
Surrounds the cell and decides whether something can pass through the cell
The control center of a cell
Occupies a cell
The first known man to see cells in a cork
Body Packages materials and also distributes them
Theory A three part theory that is about cells
Breaks down larger food particles into smaller particles that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Captures energy from sunlight and changes it into an energy cells can use in making food.
Found only in plant cells and few other organisms. Causes the cell to look like a rectangle
Makes cells appear easier; normally makes cells colorful
Black table that the object sits on
Keeps the nose piece from touching the stage
a group of cells

44 Clues: DNA • Occupies a cell • a group of cells • Includes bacteria • Smallest Unit of objects • The control center of a cell • Does not include a chloroplast • clips to hold the specimen down • Includes Chloroplast and cell wall • Helps produce protein for the cell • Black table that the object sits on • A stain that makes cells appear blue • Keeps the microscope from falling over • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2022-09-25

Across

immune response
C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine
Antigen presenting cell: able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Macrophage: large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissue and organs
Ag: a molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies, B cell receptor or peptide presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
End state of disease of HIV infection
Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens
systemic lupus erythematosus
Major histocompatibility complex: involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
Cell mediated immunity: major role of effector T cells
Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen
receptor TCR: the Ag receptor on T cells
Surface immunoglobulin: an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes
cell Natural killer cell: large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell

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Complementary determining regions: regions of antigen binding loops of lg molecules
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokine bind to cell attraction
Intracellular adhesion molecules: critical in binding of lymphocytes
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes: white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
Cell adhesion molecule
Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and protein in humans
Regulatory CD4+ T cells: a T cell subset responsible for suppressing immune responses
Ig: protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Antiboy dependent cellular cytotoxicity; NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells
Lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria
Pathogen associated molecular patterns: repeating molecular patterns on microbes
Autoimmune regulator: transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
Cluster of differentiation: immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+T cells with the effector function of killing virally infected cells
Family names of chemokine, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines

30 Clues: immune response • Cell adhesion molecule • systemic lupus erythematosus • End state of disease of HIV infection • receptor TCR: the Ag receptor on T cells • Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen • Cell mediated immunity: major role of effector T cells • Ig: protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Immune System 2023-03-03

Across

type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.
provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
specific lymphocytes that produce antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response.
mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and is found in the blood and in lymph tissue.
nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals:
protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen
responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies
key player of the adaptive immune response that is responsible for humoral immunity in mammals.
happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals
acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.

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physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection
Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance.
cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease.
act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific disease.
white blood cells that play a central role in the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specificity to foreign antigen
lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells.
type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells.

20 Clues: lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells. • medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals • cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood • protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen • Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance. • ...

inflammation by Messelleka Mohammed Fadi Nadim 2024-05-12

inflammation by Messelleka Mohammed Fadi Nadim crossword puzzle

Across

Diagnostic examination of tissue removed from a living body.
The body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells.
Microorganisms or viruses that can cause disease.
Increase in size or volume due to fluid accumulation in tissues.
A compound released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
Biological response to remove harmful stimuli and start the healing process.
Fluid rich in protein and cellular elements, which oozes out from blood vessels due to inflammation.
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage.
Substance that induces an immune response, particularly the production of antibodies.
A subtype of white blood cell found in the lymphatic system.
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues.
Small proteins released by cells that affect the behavior of other cells.
Bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to cells.
White blood cells that are part of the immune system.
Damage to the body caused by external force, chemical action, or pathogenic organisms.
Death of cells or tissues through disease or injury.

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Reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system.
The dilation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.
Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury.
Groups of cells that perform specific functions within organisms.
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, causing illness.
Liquid component of blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body.
Large white blood cells that ingest and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, and cancer cells.
Poisonous or harmful substances produced by living organisms.
The process of restoration of health from an unbalanced, diseased, or damaged organism.
Proteins generated by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects.
A type of white blood cell that forms an essential part of the immune system's response to infection.
Tubes in the body that carry fluids such as blood or lymph.
Elevated body temperature as a systemic response to infection or inflammation.
The basic structural and functional units of living organisms.

30 Clues: Microorganisms or viruses that can cause disease. • Death of cells or tissues through disease or injury. • White blood cells that are part of the immune system. • Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues. • Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. • Tubes in the body that carry fluids such as blood or lymph. • ...

biology hots team 3 2024-08-29

Across

unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane
abnormal contraction or formation of nodules around the edges of cells after being placed in a hypertonic solution, due to loss of water through osmosis
the process of removing substances from the cell
body processing and modifying proteins
the condition of plant cells that swell due to water entering the cell membrane
which secretes saliva
is a source of energy and helps the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
protecting cells, giving cell shape, and forming cilia, and centrioles are the functions of...
regulate fluid balance in the body
means of cellular respiration and energy production in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Phagocytic cells play an important role in devouring foreign objects that enter the body, so there are many organelles in phagocytic cells, namelyThe organelles that all living things have, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are
eat pathogens that enter the blood
part of a stacked group of thylakoids
monoterpenoid colorless liquid, and a bicyclic ether
one of the types of microbodies or microbodies in plant cellsLeeuwenhoek
organelles that do not exist in plants
Fat compounds produced by various cells in the body

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as a light reaction center
catches food and moves in the desired direction.
fluid-filled cytoplasmic organel
maintain and strengthen the shape of cells as well as the movement of organelles and components contained in cells.
the event of rupture or damage to the integrity of the cell membrane and causing the release of cell organelles
the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution
the process of eating solid objects
produces fluids high in fructose
as a place where cellular respiration takes place
cell movement, especially as part of muscle cell contraction
the first person to see microorganisms
Mitochondria were first observed and isolated from cells in 1850 by
The organelles that all living things have, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are

30 Clues: which secretes saliva • as a light reaction center • fluid-filled cytoplasmic organel • produces fluids high in fructose • regulate fluid balance in the body • eat pathogens that enter the blood • the process of eating solid objects • part of a stacked group of thylakoids • the first person to see microorganisms • organelles that do not exist in plants • ...

Tissues 2021-02-01

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Consists of 3 types of protein fibers in the matrix; collagen, elastin, and reticular. Packing material around organs providing protection and cushion, helps attach skin to lower layers of tissue
Consists of specialized cells called adipocytes appearing to be empty sacs, actually contain vacuole with ability to store large quantities of lipids
Composed of muscle fiber cells meant for contractions
Specialized cells generating/conducting electrical events, receives stimuli, conducts nerve impulses
Column shaped cells. Found in the digestive tract and in female reproductive tract
Platelets fragments from blood cells, dispersed in fluid matrix plasma. Forms blood clots to stop bleeding from blood vessel injury
Study of Tissues
Do not have ducts
Consists of large chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae with elastic fibers and thin collagen fibers dispersed throughout the matrix. Gives tissues ability to stretch and resist tearing
Red blood cells, small cells with a biconcave disc shape due to lack of nucleus dispersed in a fluid matrix called plasma. Carries oxygen, numerous in blood cells
Have ducts
that carry electrical impulses that make up a nerve impulse
Consists of collagen fibers densely packed in matrix, leaving little room for specialized cells
Thin, flat, plate-like cells allowing for easy diffusion of materials
that provide support and protection for the neurons
layer that can change their shape and fluctuate between squamous and cuboidal

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Cube shaped cells, usually with a nucleus that is proportionally larger
Consists of thin strands of bone, arranged in a lattice formation known as trabeculae interspersed throughout the matrix, containing red bone marrow producing blood cells
fibers have a single nucleus found near the center of the fibers and lack striations
Single layer of columnar cells with base of each cell occurring at same level
fibers have single nucleus found near the center of the fibers and striations running perpendicular. Make up heart walls allow heart to pump blood
Form a layer to separate tissues and organs, connect tissues to one another, store minerals, transports, protects
Consists of small chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae and thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed throughout the matrix in rows. Collagen fibers provide cushion between the intervertebral discs and joint capsules
Group together to form organs, specific functions
Consists of circular structures known as osteons. Each osteon consists of osteocytes surrounded by lacunae closely packed in a hardened matrix
Protects underlying structures, acts as barriers, permitting passages of substance, secrete substances
White blood cells, large cells with round shape due to the presence of nucleus dispersed in plasma. Defends body from harmful pathogens, only numerous when body fights infection
Consists of large chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae grouped together, dense glassy matrix, collagen fibers not visible

28 Clues: Have ducts • Study of Tissues • Do not have ducts • Group together to form organs, specific functions • that provide support and protection for the neurons • Composed of muscle fiber cells meant for contractions • that carry electrical impulses that make up a nerve impulse • Thin, flat, plate-like cells allowing for easy diffusion of materials • ...

Immunology 2021-01-22

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/ Are cell surface membrane proteins that can generate an immune response when detected as non-self by the body.
/ What is the term used to describe when the people who have been vaccinated reduce the occurrence of the disease protecting those who have not yet been vaccinated.
/ Is released by cytotoxic T cells which destroys targeted cells by creating lesions like pores in their membranes.
/ A process where a type of white blood cells engulfs and digests a pathogen.
/ The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
/ what is a call referred to when a cell like a macrophage sticks non-self antigens on its surface to activate other immune system cells.
/ Which cells releases cytokines.
/ A type of phagocyte that carries out phagocytosis.
/ Which cells kill cells infected with viruses, cancer cells or abnormal cells.
/ What type of virus is HIV.
/ Which cells secrete antibodies.
/ Which immune response is faster and stronger if the same antigen enters the body.
/ What is the term given to describe when pathogens change their surface antigens and different strains develop.
/ The type of immunity you get from being given antibodies made by a different organism.
/ What is the name given to the types of drugs used to treat HIV.
/ Are made of protein and can bind to complementary antigens.

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/ When antibodies bind to two pathogens and they clump together.
/ When antibodies bind to pathogens or toxins blocking their active sites and preventing them from doing any more harm.
/ Which cells are involved in the secondary immune response.
/ Are micro-organisms that cause disease, bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses.
/ The study of the immune system.
/ A term to describe when a B cell divides by mitosis into cloned plasma cells all producing identical antibodies.
/ The enzyme found in HIV particles responsible for copying RNA into DNA.
/ The type of immunity you get when your immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen.
/ Which type of ELISA test identifies the presence of antibodies.
/ Which immune response is slower whilst antibodies are made and the person will show symptoms.

26 Clues: / What type of virus is HIV. • / The study of the immune system. • / Which cells releases cytokines. • / Which cells secrete antibodies. • / A type of phagocyte that carries out phagocytosis. • / Which cells are involved in the secondary immune response. • / Are made of protein and can bind to complementary antigens. • ...

Cell Cycle Crossword 2021-12-05

Across

Two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent
When a cell is not actively dividing, this is in a non-condensed form
Checks for microtubule attachment to chromosomes at kinetochores at metaphase
Most important checkpoint, checks for cell size, growth, factors, and DNA damage
A drug treatment that uses powerful chemical to kill the fast growing cells in your body
Results in 2 identical diploid daughter cells, Mitosis+Cytokinesis
Involves an internal control system that consists of cyclins and CDK's
Broken down into 5 stages (prophase,prometaphase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase/cytokinesis)
DNA wraps around these proteins giving the chromosome a compact shape
This is formed from DNA and histones combined
Enzymes that are active only when its specific cyclin is presented
Reproductive cells(eggs/sperm), haploid, divides by meiosis
Cell is split into 2 cells by cleavage furrow (animals) and cell plate forms (plants)
The longest portion of the cell cycle(90%), G1+S+G2
chromatin condenses, nuclei disappear, duplicated chromosomes appear as sister chromatids, mitotic spindle begin to form, centrosomes move away from each other
The region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached

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One set of chromosomes
Nuclear envelope fragments, microtubules enter nuclear area and some attach to kinetochores
Proteins that are synthesized and degraded at specific stages of the cell cycle
Hormones released by cells that stimulate cell growth
Cells rely on attachment to other cells or the extracellular matrix to divide
Some cells stay here forever (muscle/nerve cells), some cells can be called back into the cell cycle
Checks for completion of DNA replication and DNA damage
Centrosomes are at opposite poles, chromosomes line up at metaphase plate, microtubules attach to each kinetochore
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of cell( microtubules shortening), cell elongates
Cell surface receptors recognize contact with other cells
Proteins attached to the centromere that link each sister chromatid to the middle spindle
Two daughter nuclei form, nucleoli reappear, chromosomes become less condensed
Normal kidney function is prodominately by post-mitotic quiescent cells in the g0 phase with a low turnover. Similar to other cancers because it has mutations and doesn't follow the checkpoints
Body cells, diploid(2n), divides by mitosis
After DNA replication, chromatin condenses to form this

31 Clues: One set of chromosomes • Body cells, diploid(2n), divides by mitosis • This is formed from DNA and histones combined • Two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent • The longest portion of the cell cycle(90%), G1+S+G2 • Hormones released by cells that stimulate cell growth • Checks for completion of DNA replication and DNA damage • ...

Cleavage & Gastrulation 2024-02-20

Cleavage & Gastrulation crossword puzzle

Across

ball of cells produced by cleavage
acronym for mitosis-promoting-factor, major factor in regulation of early blastomere cell cycles
eggs with only a small area of the egg that is free of yolk (eg: bird and fish eggs)
splitting of a single cellular sheet into two parallel sheets – results in a second new epithelial sheet of cells (eg: mammal hypoblast formation)
__________ cleavage: complete/total cleavage, includes isolecithal and mesolecithal cleavage
larger subunit of mitosis-promoting-factor, regulates the smaller subunit and controls MPF
migration of the embryo’s surface cells to the interior (individual cells are able to move independently from one another)
pole high in yolk concentration
__________ cleavage: when cell divisions only happen in a small disc of cytoplasm free of yolk
acronym for mid-blastula transition, changes include 1) introduction of gap stages G1 and G2 2) cell division synchronicity is lost – cells “go their own way” 3) new mRNAs are transcribed from zygotic genome
inward movement of an expanding outer layer, the cells of this layer spread over the internal surface of the remaining external cells (eg: amphibian mesoderm)
eggs with a yolk in the center (eg: insect eggs)

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eggs with sparse and equally distributed yolk
when epithelial sheets move as a unit (not individually) and enclose the deeper layers of an embryo (multiple mechanisms, including cell division, cells changing shape, or layers of cells radially moving)
pole low in yolk concentration
__________ cleavage: incomplete cleavage, includes telolecithal and centrolecithal cleavage
_________ furrow: the indentation that expands and ultimately splits the cell
process through which the “body plan” of the organism is established from the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm)
amount and distribution determines where cleavage can occur and the relative size of blastomeres
localized infolding of a sheet of cells (epithelium) without cells losing their tight adhesive connections
acronym for cyclin-dependent kinase, smaller subunit of MPF that regulates mitosis through phosphorylation
____________ extension: when lateral cells from all germ layers move towards the midline, leading to convergence of these cells. A way for the embryo to grow and extend along its axis.
_________ cleavage: occurs around the periphery of a cell, divisions only happening in the rim of the cytoplasm

23 Clues: pole low in yolk concentration • pole high in yolk concentration • ball of cells produced by cleavage • eggs with sparse and equally distributed yolk • eggs with a yolk in the center (eg: insect eggs) • _________ furrow: the indentation that expands and ultimately splits the cell • eggs with only a small area of the egg that is free of yolk (eg: bird and fish eggs) • ...

Chapter 5 Crossword Puzzle 2025-01-08

Chapter 5 Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

theory - one of the fundamental models of biology that states that cells are the smallest form of life, come from pre-existing cells, are the basic building block of all life forms, and carry out life processes to maintain homeostatis
- the cellular organelle that directs the protein-building process
- a protective coating found outside the cell walls of many bacteria
- (1) the membrane-bound region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material.(2) the central portion of an atom where protons and neutrons are located
- a cellular organelle that functions in the organization of microtubles
organism - an organism consisting of two or more cells and whose cells may not live independently apart from the organism
- a structure made of two or more tissues that work together to perform a particular function
- describes cells lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- the thick fluid inside cells that contains the organelles. also called the cytosol
pressure - the pressure exerted by water in a full central vacuole upon the cytoplasm and cell membrane of a plant cell; maintains plant rigidity
- a group of cells that are specialized to perform a particular function
organism - an organism consisting of only one cell
system - a group of two or more organs that work together to perform a particular function

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- a spherical structure within a eukaryotic cell's nucleus where ribosomes are manufactured
apparatus - the cellular organelle that processes and packages proteins in preparation for secreting them from a cell
- the genetic material of eukaryotic cells consisting of DNA and associated with proteins
- a cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes
- the non-membrane-bound region in the prokaryotic cells that contains most of the genetic material
- a cellular organelle found in plant cells that contains the pigment chlorophyll and is the site where photosynthesis takes place
- a whip-like cellular organelle similar in structure to a cilium but longer and used primarily for movement in many bacteria
- a non-pigmented cellular organelle found in plant cells whose functions include storing starches, lipids, and proteins
endoplasmic reticulum - the cellular organelle that consists of a network of membranes used to transport substances throughout a cell and is studded with ribosomes
- (1) individual organisms in the same species living closely together (2) a group of cells that live and work together. unlike in a multicellular organism, cells in a colony may break away and survive on their own
vacuole - an organelle in plant cells that holds materials and helps maintain the cell's shape throughout turgor pressure
bilayer - the two layers of phospholipids that make up a cell membrane
- a stack of disk-shaped thylakoids within a chloroplast
wall - a rigid structure made by cells of plants, fungi, and most bacteria to surround the cell membrane
- structures found within the cytoplasm of cells that perform the various functions cells need to stay alive
endoplasmic reticulum - the cellular organelle that consists of a network of membranes used to transport substances throughout a cell and is not studded with ribosomes
- describes cells having a true nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles

30 Clues: organism - an organism consisting of only one cell • - a cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes • - a stack of disk-shaped thylakoids within a chloroplast • - the cellular organelle that directs the protein-building process • - a protective coating found outside the cell walls of many bacteria • ...

anatomy tissue vocab 2025-11-07

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single layer of epithelial cells
connective tissue providing more elasticity than rigidity found in vessels
unstructured material that fills the space between the cells in connective tissue, contain fibers
A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and does not contain any blood or nerves.
Loose connective tissue dominated by adipocytes -which store fat and insulate body
calcified connective tissue
tall thick epithelial cells, absorb nutrients, produce secretions, elliptical nuclei
nerve cell the basic building block of the nervous system
type of cartilage that covers the ends of bones joining ribcage forming nose
cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, good at withstanding pressure such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.
A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended.
red blood cells
bone tissue found in heads of long bones and inner layer of long bones with space for bone marrow.
blood clotting cell fragments
Type of cartilage that has a little bit of flexibility; found on the external ear
thinner fiber proteins found in connective tissue
one layer of epithelial cells with different shapes and sizes

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connective tissue with regularly organized high density collagen bundles in tendons and ligaments
white blood cells
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move
bone tissue that is dense with no visible spaces
composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete hormones and other substances.
connective tissue with irregular fibers arranged erratically, found in places with tension in all directions (skin).
connective tissue with fewer fibers, more cells, more ground substance
cells cube shaped epithelial cells, absorb nutrients, produce secretions,
provide support and structure to the otherwise shapeless ground substance
Voluntary muscle pulls on bones and causes body movements. Striated and multi-nucleated
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body. lacks striation, uninucleate.
layer consisting of several layers of epithelial cells
cells flat epithelial cells, fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes
Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Serves as a protective barrier, secretes substances, and absorbs substances
specialized muscle tissue found only in the heart. involuntary, striated, uninucleate, branched
abundant strong fiber protein found in connective tissue
that senses stimuli and transmits signals.
glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
short fine collagen fibers with extra glycoprotein, form supportive nets in connective tissue
tissue that provides support for your body and connects all its parts
loose connective tissue not composed of collagen & elastin, supports development of and storage of blood cells.
loose connective tissue most common found with epithelial tissue
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

40 Clues: red blood cells • white blood cells • calcified connective tissue • blood clotting cell fragments • single layer of epithelial cells • that senses stimuli and transmits signals. • bone tissue that is dense with no visible spaces • thinner fiber proteins found in connective tissue • layer consisting of several layers of epithelial cells • ...

HEMA311 2025-12-09

Across

– Maturation into specialized form.
– Oval-shaped red blood cell.
– Greenish tumor of myeloid cells.
– Blood in urine.
– Increased platelet count.
– Immature neutrophil.
– Nucleated red cell precursor.
– Directed movement of cells.
– Formation of all blood cells.
– Reduced bone marrow activity.
– Malignancy of plasma cells.
– Dense granules in leukocytes.
– Increased red blood cell mass.
– Later granulocyte precursor.
– Precursor cell before monocyte.
– Immature granulocyte precursor.
– Rapid increase in number of cells.
– Variation in red cell shapes.
– Excess nuclear lobes in neutrophils.
– Cell ingestion of particles.
– Increased eosinophils.
– Increased neutrophils.
– Excess fibrous connective tissue formation.
– Abnormal red blood cell formation.
– Increased granulocytes.
– Fibrous replacement of bone marrow.
– Passage of cells through vessel walls.
– Abnormally large red blood cells.
– Enlarged abnormal red cell precursor.
– Compulsive consumption of ice.
– Protein responsible for storing iron.
– Immature monocyte precursor.
– Elevated lymphocytes.
– Decreased white blood cells.
– Decrease in all blood cell types.
– Malignancy of blood-forming tissues.
(45 words)
– Inherited disorder affecting globin chain production.
– Iron-storage pigment.
– Fragmented red blood cell.
– Uncontrolled cell death.
– Programmed cell death.
– Increased monocytes.
– Enlarged spleen.
– Immature lymphoid precursor.
– Round red blood cell lacking central pallor.
– Iron deposition in tissues.
– Inherited hypolobulated neutrophil.
– Elevated basophils.
– Bluish immature red blood cells.
– Genetic iron overload disorder.

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– Presence of unusually small red blood cells.
– Tissue macrophage.
– Decreased lymphocytes.
– Disorders of hemoglobin structure.
– Abnormal blood cell maturation.
– Red cell with slit-like pallor.
– Red blood cell precursor containing iron granules.
– Burr cell with uniform projections.
– Platelet disorder with giant platelets.
– Production of red blood cells.
– Enzyme in myeloid cells used for staining.
– Target cell with bull’s-eye appearance.
– Malignancy of lymphoid tissue.
– Immature red blood cell.
– Nucleated developing RBC.
– Disorder with giant lysosomal granules.
– Destruction of red blood cells.
– Disorder of heme metabolism.
– Spiculated red blood cell.
– Elevated bilirubin in blood.
– Enlarged liver.
– Yellowing of skin from excess bilirubin.
– Low red blood cell or hemoglobin level.
– Excessive red blood cell production.
– Mature plasma cell.
– Enzyme stain for leukocyte differentiation.
– Abnormal cellular development.
– Craving for non-food items.
– Accumulation of abnormal cells in tissue.
– Decreased neutrophils.
– Pale red blood cells due to decreased hemoglobin.
– Granule-rich early precursor.
– Lipid stain used for myeloid cells.
– Decreased platelet count.
– Teardrop-shaped red blood cell.
– Developing granulocyte precursor.
– Color shift of mast cell granules.
– Iron-containing mature red blood cell.
– Earliest recognizable RBC precursor.
– Variation in red cell sizes.
– Elevated white blood cell count.
– Spoon-shaped fingernails indicating iron deficiency.

93 Clues: (45 words) • – Blood in urine. • – Enlarged liver. • – Enlarged spleen. • – Tissue macrophage. • – Mature plasma cell. • – Elevated basophils. • – Immature neutrophil. • – Increased monocytes. • – Elevated lymphocytes. • – Iron-storage pigment. • – Decreased lymphocytes. • – Increased eosinophils. • – Increased neutrophils. • – Decreased neutrophils. • – Programmed cell death. • ...

Sompayrac Chapter 1 2022-01-19

Across

The process of consuming and digesting cells and invaders
Third line of defense that helps protect vertebrates from almost any invader
Hormone-like messenger that facilitate communication between the cells of the immune system
Type of binding that occurs after a helper T cell binds to a class II MHC molecule displaying a cognate antigen
A sentinel that mostly is in a dormant state that lives in endothelial cells and recruits the rest of the innate immune system upon an infiltration
Protein that is only found in the "hands" region of IgG antibody (two words)
Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words)
The display of these proteins are only intended for the enlightenment of helper T cells; alerts of a problem outside of cells (three words, last one abbreviated)
the process of only replicating B cells when their cognate antigen is found as to not waste space and resources to fight against invaders not currently in the body (two words)
Antibody-like-molecule on the surface of T cells that is made by modular design strategy
Digestive vesicle of cells that contains enzymes that could kill the host cell if released
Destroys virus-infected cells by making contact with the cell and "assisting its suicide" (three words)
Found on most cells surfaces of the body, informs T cells about what is going on inside the cell (three words, last one abbreviated)
The disease that was collected from pus so Edward Jenner could inoculate James Phipps
A protein that "presents" information for T cells to "view" about cells (three words)
The type of cells that line the inside of capillaries
The disease Edward Jenner vaccinated the English from in the 1790s
The agent that causes an antibody to be made
Second line of defense after the first line is breached (three words)

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Directs action through secreting cytokines that have dramatic effects on other immune system cells (three words)
Also known as the secondary lymphoid organ, this organ acts as a station to drop off the cargo that is invaders for B and T cells to attack and get rid of (two words).
Helps keep the immune system from overreacting (three words)
White blood cells that are born in the bone marrow and can mature to become antibody factories
"Test batch" of antibodies (three words)
Protein that is found in both the "hands" and "tail" regions of IgG antibody (two words)
First line of defense against invaders (two words)
Name of structure where an IgG binds to a cell surface (two words)
Stops a virus from entering/reproducing within a cell
The "tail" of an IgG antibody that can bind to receptors on cell surfaces (two words)
Utilizes "one for me, one for you" process while replicating (2 words)
what antibodies do to an invader, "to prepare for eating"
"Leftover" B and T cells from an attack that are more numerous than inexperienced B and T cells and are easier to activate to help defend from following attacks.
Immature macrophage cell that just left the bone marrow and entered the blood
Prototype antibody (two words)
Special proteins that circulate the blood of immunized individuals
The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words)
Vesicle that a bacterium is engulfed in when a macrophage discovers it
The molecule that fits the Fab region of a B cell receptor (two words)
The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules

39 Clues: Prototype antibody (two words) • "Test batch" of antibodies (three words) • The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words) • The agent that causes an antibody to be made • Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words) • First line of defense against invaders (two words) • The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules • ...

Nutrition & Transport in Plants 2024-06-15

Nutrition & Transport in Plants crossword puzzle

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xylems cells are dead at maturity, so no protoplasm and cross-walls to ______ waterflow through lumen
irregularly shaped cells that allow for gaseous exchange in the leaf
the phloem transports _______ from leaves to other parts of the plant
light ____________ point is where rate of respiration = rate of photosynthesis
companion cells contain many ____________ to carry out respiration and release energy for active transport of manufactured food substances from photosynthesis
in the night, K+ ions move out of guard cells via diffusion, so water moves out of guard cells to neighbouring cells via osmosis, causing the guard cells to become _______, closing the stoma
the transport of food in the phloem tissue
the pores in the sieve plates allow for _____________ flow of food substances through the sieve tubes
during the day, guard cells photosynthesise and energy is used to pump K+ ions into guard cells via active transport, so water from neighbouring cells enter via osmosis, causing the guard cells to swell and become ______, opening the stoma
root hair cell has long and narrow protrusion to increase _______ ____ __ ______ _____ for rapid absorption of water and minerals
upper epidermis and lower epidermis are single layers of closely-packed cells that function to protect the leaf from ________ ______
inner walls of xylem are deposited with ______ to strengthen walls and provide support
a phenomenon that occurs due to excessive transpiration, where plant cells become flaccid and leaves fold up to reduce water loss
spongy mesophyll cells are covered in a thin film of ________ to allow carbon dioxide to dissolve in it
the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves through diffusion; a consequence of gaseous exchange in plants for photosynthesis to occur
a transparent layer that coats the upper epidermis of the leaf
root hair cell has many mitochondria to fuel more ______ for active transport of mineral salts into root hair cell
tightly packed, regularly shaped cells that are the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf
bean-shaped cells that surround the stomata to control the opening and closing of the stomata
water enters root hair cells and subsequently the xylem via _______
cuticle is waxy and waterproof to reduce _____ ____ through evaporation from the leaf

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mineral salts enter root hair cells via diffusion or ______ _________
the xylem transports water and _______ _____ from roots to other parts of the plant
spongy mesophyll contains large _____________ ___ ______ to allow for quick diffusion of gases like carbon dioxide into all photosynthetic cells
phloem is made up of sieve tube elements and companion cells, where the sieve tube has porous walls in between each sieve tube element called _____ ______
the process in which green plants trap light energy and converts it into chemical energy for the formation of carbohydrates and its subsequent uses
a factor that directly affects the process; by increasing its amount, it increases the rate of process
at a constant temperature and carbon dioxide concentration, the rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity until it reaches a plateau, where light intensity becomes the limiting factor; this is called the light __________ point
spongy mesophyll contains the ________ ______, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues that are responsible for the transport of substances in the plant
root hair cell ____ ___ contains sugars, amino acids and mineral salts and that its water potential is lower than that of soil solution, to drive water potential gradient for osmosis
palisade mesophyll contains the most number of ____________ among the tissue in the leaf to increase absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis (hint: organelle)
the site of gaseous exchange in plants
the pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy
photosynthesis is a process that is highly dependent on _______, thus rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature

34 Clues: the site of gaseous exchange in plants • the transport of food in the phloem tissue • the pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy • a transparent layer that coats the upper epidermis of the leaf • water enters root hair cells and subsequently the xylem via _______ • irregularly shaped cells that allow for gaseous exchange in the leaf • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab crossword puzzle

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Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

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Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

46 Clues: An immune response • A larger amoeboid cell • Highly reactive proteins • Protein to fight off diseases • Vessels leaving the lymph nodes • The outer layer of lymphoid tissue • A set of primitive cells (2 words) • Common type of antibody (3 letters) • In the tissue of the tongue (2 words) • Where blood enters the spleen (2 words) • Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words) • ...

Cells, Organelles, and Cell Theory 2023-09-29

Cells, Organelles, and Cell Theory crossword puzzle

Across

modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of cell
creates ATP, has its own DNA, site of cellular respiration
contains pores for materials to enter & leave the nucleus
all organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure, all cells come from prexisting cells
an organism with many cells
lacks ribosomes on its surface, makes cell products that are used inside the cell like special lipids called steroids
is the nucleus, makes mRNA
stores water, food, and waste
an organism with only one cell

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contain digestive enzymes
only found in plant cells, uses energy from sunlight to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis, contains its own DNA
an organelle in plant cells that supports and protects the cell
controls the activities in the cell, contains DNA in the form of chromatin
function in moving cells, fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface, shorter and more numerous on cells
has ribosomes on its surface, makes membrane proteins, and helps export these proteins out of the cell
function in moving cells, fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface, longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells
a membrane around the cell that controls what enters and what leaves the cell
an organelle that provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
join amino acids to make proteins, made of special proteins and rRNA
appear during cell division and help pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite sides
an organelle that makes up the cytoplasm, helps the cell maintain shape and helps organelles move around

21 Clues: contain digestive enzymes • is the nucleus, makes mRNA • an organism with many cells • stores water, food, and waste • an organism with only one cell • contains pores for materials to enter & leave the nucleus • creates ATP, has its own DNA, site of cellular respiration • an organelle in plant cells that supports and protects the cell • ...

All About Cells 2023-09-28

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One of several modes of transport that require the cell to expend energy in order to move molecules across the membrane
ER that does not have any ribosomes attached to it
Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Vesicles that contain enzymes to break stuff down,only in animal cells
The study of cells
The sticky layer that holds plant cells together
A storage "sack" in the cytoplasm that holds food or wastes
The theory that cells are the basic units of structure and function for all life
Structure in the nucleus which assembles ribosomes
Microtubules that help pull the DNA apart during cell division
Stores the DNA
The barrier around all cells which protects them from the outside world

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Pinched off part of the cell membrane that stores and transports substances
A type of plastid that performs photosynthesis
Cells that don't have a nucleus nor any membrane-bound organelles
Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in, fills the inside of a cell
Units inside all cells that perform certain functions/tasks
Organelles that make proteins
A complex network of proteins that strengthen the cell and keep it from rupturing
The types of lipid that make up the cell membrane
A series of tubes and membranes that store, modify, and package the products received from the ER
A cell organelle that manufactures the cells' energy molecule, ATP
The molecule that provides energy for the cell
A protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells
ER that has many ribosomes attached to it

25 Clues: Stores the DNA • The study of cells • Organelles that make proteins • ER that has many ribosomes attached to it • A type of plastid that performs photosynthesis • The molecule that provides energy for the cell • The sticky layer that holds plant cells together • The types of lipid that make up the cell membrane • ER that does not have any ribosomes attached to it • ...

Za Crooky Dooky 2023-05-20

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Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
A structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants and some other organisms.
The process by which organisms eliminate waste products from their body.
A small, circular piece of DNA found in some bacteria that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
The cellular structure responsible for synthesizing proteins.
membrane: The thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
The metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert nutrients into energy and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.
The ability of organisms or their cells to move from one place to another.
The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material, or DNA.
The organelles in eukaryotic cells that produce energy in the form of ATP.
The process of obtaining and using nutrients from food to support bodily functions.
Membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells that store water, nutrients, and waste products.
The process by which organisms increase in size and complexity over time.
A type of fungus that is used in baking and brewing, and can ferment sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

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The green pigment in plants and algae that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
The organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis.
The process by which organisms produce offspring to continue their species.
The gel-like substance that fills the interior of cells and contains organelles, proteins, and other molecules.
The ability of organisms or cells to respond to changes in their environment or stimuli.
wall: A rigid outer layer that provides additional support and protection for cells in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.

21 Clues: The organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis. • The cellular structure responsible for synthesizing proteins. • The process by which organisms eliminate waste products from their body. • The process by which organisms increase in size and complexity over time. • The ability of organisms or their cells to move from one place to another. • ...

Za Crooky Dooky 2023-05-20

Across

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
A structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants and some other organisms.
The process by which organisms eliminate waste products from their body.
A small, circular piece of DNA found in some bacteria that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
The cellular structure responsible for synthesizing proteins.
membrane: The thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
The metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert nutrients into energy and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.
The ability of organisms or their cells to move from one place to another.
The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material, or DNA.
The organelles in eukaryotic cells that produce energy in the form of ATP.
The process of obtaining and using nutrients from food to support bodily functions.
Membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells that store water, nutrients, and waste products.
The process by which organisms increase in size and complexity over time.
A type of fungus that is used in baking and brewing, and can ferment sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

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The green pigment in plants and algae that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
The organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis.
The process by which organisms produce offspring to continue their species.
The gel-like substance that fills the interior of cells and contains organelles, proteins, and other molecules.
The ability of organisms or cells to respond to changes in their environment or stimuli.
wall: A rigid outer layer that provides additional support and protection for cells in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.

Za Crooky Dooky 2023-05-20

Across

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
A structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants and some other organisms.
The process by which organisms eliminate waste products from their body.
A small, circular piece of DNA found in some bacteria that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
The cellular structure responsible for synthesizing proteins.
membrane: The thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
The metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to convert nutrients into energy and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.
The ability of organisms or their cells to move from one place to another.
The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material, or DNA.
The organelles in eukaryotic cells that produce energy in the form of ATP.
The process of obtaining and using nutrients from food to support bodily functions.
Membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells that store water, nutrients, and waste products.
The process by which organisms increase in size and complexity over time.
A type of fungus that is used in baking and brewing, and can ferment sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Down

The green pigment in plants and algae that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
The organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis.
The process by which organisms produce offspring to continue their species.
The gel-like substance that fills the interior of cells and contains organelles, proteins, and other molecules.
The ability of organisms or cells to respond to changes in their environment or stimuli.
wall: A rigid outer layer that provides additional support and protection for cells in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.

Cell Cycle Project 2021-12-05

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Proteins attached to centromere to link chromatid to mitotic spindle
Cells are split into 2 cells by cleavage furrow(animals), and cell plate forms (plant)
growing cells
Similar to all cancers because it has DNA mutations- don't follow checkpoints, immortal, and evade apoptosis.
Longest portion of cell cycle- contains G1, S, and G2
Reproductive cells-contain haploid-divide by meiosis
Chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of cell, cell then elongates
One set of chromosomes
Centrosomes at opposite poles, line up at metaphase plate, and microtubules attached to each kinetochore
Checks for cell size, growth factors, and DNA damage
Hormones released by cells that stimulate cell growth-CDKs activated leading to progression through cycle
Has specific regulatory effect-these phosphorylate target proteins, which help regulate events in the cell cycle
Two nucleus formed in preparation for cytoplasm to split
Repeating unit of eukaryotic chromatin

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Condensed chromatin
Protein that provides structural support to a chromosome
Region on chromatid where they are most closely attached
Synthesized and degraded at specific stages of the cell cycle
Material are composed as DNA/RNA
A way to prevent cancer, by killing the
Body cells-contain diploid cells-divide by mitosis
Chromatin condenses, mitotic spindle forms, centrosomes move away from each other
Nuclear envelope fragments, and microtubules enter nuclear area and some attach to kinetochores
Cells rely on attachment to other cells of matrix to divide
Some stay here forever, and some can be called back into the cell
Two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent
Checks for completion of DNA replication and DNA damage-If good, then moves to mitosis
Includes Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and results in 2 identical diploid cells

28 Clues: growing cells • Condensed chromatin • One set of chromosomes • Material are composed as DNA/RNA • Repeating unit of eukaryotic chromatin • A way to prevent cancer, by killing the • Two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent • Body cells-contain diploid cells-divide by mitosis • Reproductive cells-contain haploid-divide by meiosis • ...

Fill the boxes of the correct answer. 2023-10-08

Fill the boxes of the correct answer. crossword puzzle

Across

- The cellular environment has lower concentration of solute in the cell.
- The cell indulge particle into a pouch of the cell membrane
- also known as cell membrane
- it's an oval green structure found in the cytoplasm
- is a large round oval structure usually located near the center of the cell
- it's a double layered structured made of phospholipids and some proteins molecules
- it is the reverse of endocytosis were in waste cell products inside the cell and pack in the Golgi versus our fused in the cell membrane
- is enlarge round sacs found in the cytoplasm
- used for sticking cells together a protection of the bacteria not to be engulfed by bigger cells like white blood cells
- zoologist who observe that the tissues of animals had cells
- our found in the cytoplasm that function for protein synthesis
-it is the region of the bacterial cells where the bacteria DNA is located
- the organelles which release quantities of energy
- it's function is for antibiotic resistance and virulence

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- are the they just give sacs of the cells
- botanist who observed that the tissue of plant had cells
- I'm structures only present in animal cells that facilitate cell division
- long with like cylindrical structures that are used for locomotion
- serve as the structural foundation of the cell
- the cellular environment has a greater solute that than inside the cell.
- it's a jelly like substance that contains the intracellular membranes.
- distributed over the surface of the cell
- first to see cells
- a structured larger surrounding some types of cells just outside the cell membrane
- the concentration of solute inside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes outside the cell.

25 Clues: - first to see cells • - also known as cell membrane • - are the they just give sacs of the cells • - distributed over the surface of the cell • - is enlarge round sacs found in the cytoplasm • - serve as the structural foundation of the cell • - the organelles which release quantities of energy • - it's an oval green structure found in the cytoplasm • ...

Blood Samples 2022-11-02

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cutting prevents bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
immune response which attacks an animals own tissues and cells
deficiency of hernoglobin reducing the number the number of red blood cells causes body weakness
marrow soft fatty tissue within the bone which is a major area for blood cell production
cell volume number of red blood cells in a unit volume and can be used to detect a problem with red blood cells
also known as thrombocytes are responsible for clotting and increase with injury
nodes gland masses swelling or pain on an area of the body
blood cell count number red blood cells in a unit volume of blood and can be used to detect a problem with red blood cell production
vein located on the front leg
arrangement of blood cells within the body
inlet opening at the top of the therocic cavity
form of cancer of the bone marrow which prevents an animal producing a normal level of red white blood cells and platelets

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decreased blood flow
relating to the throax which is the cavity enclosed wihtin the ribs and stermum
determination of the cause of nature of a condition
loss of water from the body
saphaneous small vein located on the inside hind leg
small hole on the needle which allows the blood to blow into the syringe
Blood Count determines the number and type of blood cells present
carries oxygen to the red blood cells and helps move them to other issues
two large veins near the thigh on the hind leg
liquid portion of blood
blood cells defend the body from invading organisms
any of the three large veins in the neck
blood cells also known as erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow and carry oxygen tonthe lungs
injection injection within the vein

26 Clues: decreased blood flow • liquid portion of blood • loss of water from the body • vein located on the front leg • injection injection within the vein • any of the three large veins in the neck • arrangement of blood cells within the body • two large veins near the thigh on the hind leg • inlet opening at the top of the therocic cavity • ...

Organelle 2025-10-06

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A membrane bound structure in eukaryotic cells that produces energy that is then stored as ATP.
This structure can be found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and works as a system of folded membranes. It uses exocytosis for secretion from the cell.
A particle in which is the location for protein synthesis in the cell.
The section of the endoplasmic reticulum that has a tubular appearance but no ribosomes.
A structure that gives cells their shape and is the outermost layer in which the contents can expand to. Found in cells in plants, fungi, protists, and most prokaryotes.
A single membrane organelle that holds reactions where toxic peroxides are formed then turned into water.
A membrane bound structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that function as the digestive system of the cell.

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A short hairlike organelle on the surface of some cells that moves water relative to the cell.
The area that holds all the elements of the cell except for the nucleus .
A structure that holds the chromosomes of prokaryotic cells and is not bounded by a membrane.
The section of the endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached to its outermost side.
A membrane enclosed organelle in plant cells that provides storage and handles waste products.
A structure that connects prokaryote cells at beginning of conjugation.
A double membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells that contain pigment or food.
A structure that is long in length and propels cells.
Structure located in the center of eukaryotic cells that holds the chromosomes of the cell. It is also bounded by a double membrane.
An organelle that turns stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants.
A structure that is found in eukaryotic cells and consists of microtubules and microfiliments. Its function is to give the cell its shape and to help arrange the components of the cell.

18 Clues: A structure that is long in length and propels cells. • An organelle that turns stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants. • A particle in which is the location for protein synthesis in the cell. • A structure that connects prokaryote cells at beginning of conjugation. • The area that holds all the elements of the cell except for the nucleus . • ...

Chapter Two Project Crossword Puzzle 2013-10-02

Chapter Two Project Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

The process of division of somatic cells in which each daughter cell receives the same amount of DNA as the parent cell
The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the chromosomes become visible, the cell nucleus starts to lose its identity, the mitotic spindle apparatus appears, and the centrioles migrate toward opposite poles
transduction The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information
The second phase of mitosis, in which the chromosomes line up across the equatorial plane of the spindle prior to separation
he segment at the end of each chromosome arm which consists of a series of repeated DNA sequences that regulate chromosomal replication at each cell division
The interval between two successive cell divisions during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable
Cleavage of the cytoplasm into daughter cells following nuclear division
Control center of a cell
Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells
stem cells Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta
A sac-like compartment inside a cell that has enzymes that can break down cellular components that need to be destroyed
cycle The complete series of events from one cell division to the next
Fats
Any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles\
Kingdom that includes organisms composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles
A normal series of events in a cell that leads to its death
apparatus A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins
The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus

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A specific region or amino acid sequence in a protein associated with a particular function or corresponding segment of DNA
Any of the RNA- and protein-rich cytoplasmic organelles that are sites of protein synthesis
The phase of cell nucleus division following metaphase, in which the chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle
Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion
A sugar molecule
A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize organic molecules
stem cells Bone marrow cells that (when signalled) mature into both red blood cells and white blood cells
clock A person's innate sense of time
adhesion Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells
Powerhouse of the cell
reticulum A system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar cytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in the transport of materials within the cell and that is studded with ribosomes in some places
cells Early descendants of stem cells that can differentiate to form one or more kinds of cells, but cannot divide and reproduce indefinitely
acids Any of various acids (as an RNA or a DNA) composed of nucleotide chains
The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome
A molecule made up of amino acids that are needed for the body to function properly
cells Cells from which other types of cells can develop

34 Clues: Fats • A sugar molecule • Powerhouse of the cell • Control center of a cell • clock A person's innate sense of time • The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus • cells Cells from which other types of cells can develop • adhesion Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells • A normal series of events in a cell that leads to its death • ...

The Circulatory System 2013-10-02

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This side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
the process of donating a specific blood component, such as red cells, plasma or platelets is called this
The size of a red blood cell
This is the largest artery in the body
These kinds of white blood cells roll along blood vessel walls in search of bacteria to eat
These connect arteries to veins
White blood cells fight these
This kind of blood cell makes up only 1% of your blood
This body part is about equal in size to your heart
This is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood in the body
This is what is carried away from body tissues by the blood
This pumps your blood
This blood type is the universal recipient of red blood cells
These cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
These animals have over 800 blood types
Where red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are made
These carry blood back toward your heart
This is how long a red blood cell lives for
Red blood cells do not contain one of these, making it impossible to to repair themselves once damaged
Makes blood red
Another word for platelet
This liquid portion of the blood makes up about 55% of the blood’s volume
Earthworms, leeches, and insects have blood that is this color
Blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
This is the number of liters of blood in the body
Your heart is one of these

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This is the movement of blood through the heart and around the body
This is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and liquid plasma
The percentage of the human body weight that blood makes up
This is the sound of the valves in the heart as they push blood from one chamber to another
Another word for high blood pressure
The color of lobster and crabs' blood
The heart has this many ventricles, and also this many atria
This is the only artery which carries deoxygenated blood
A cancer of the blood system in which excess immature, white blood cells are produced
This device separates plasma from the cells in blood
This is a wall of tissue that separates the right and left sides of the heart
This side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body
A white blood cells life span
These are blood cells that help stop bleeding
There are this many chambers in the heart
The study of blood is called this
There are approximately 60,000 miles of these in the human body
Most common type of blood cell
Another word for a red blood cell
White blood cells are also known as these
The number of weeks that red blood cells can be stored for
This blood type is the universal donor of red blood cells
These are fibers that weave around platelets at a cut or injury to plug up the flow of blood and form a scab
This is the shape of red blood cells
The amount of blood that a newborn baby has in their body

51 Clues: Makes blood red • This pumps your blood • Another word for platelet • Your heart is one of these • The size of a red blood cell • White blood cells fight these • A white blood cells life span • Most common type of blood cell • These connect arteries to veins • The study of blood is called this • Another word for a red blood cell • Another word for high blood pressure • ...

Immunology Week 1 Exam 1 2023-10-17

Immunology Week 1 Exam 1 crossword puzzle

Across

type of cell that contains granules packed with potent killing compounds
test that healthcare professionals use to see composition of cells in blood
most common assault to the immune system
2 layers on a cell that separate the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell
body system that our immune cells flow in and out of through ducts and capillaries
type of memory that some cells retain after seeing a type of pathogen
% of total blood volume
heaviest layer of blood made solely of red blood cells
type of selection to let the body know which B-cells to make more of
when an antibody is assembled by picking gene segments and pasting them together
type of cell with no granules that circulates in the blood. Macrophages and dendritic cells
special proteins that circulate the blood of immunized people
type of cells that stick around as “leftovers” and are easier to activate
protein that spans the cell membrane
condition that results in low hemoglobin
type of T-cell that directs the action and are cytokine factories
eukaryotic pathogen can be unicellular or multicellular
each virus has its own unique set of what?
a tightly controlled process to create specialized cells from unspecialized cells
lineage that creates red blood cells, platelets, myoblasts, and monocytes
the study of the immune system
what fungi cell walls are made of

Down

largest invader
type of cell that helps us to deal with larger parasites
cell that lives in tissues on watch for chemical signals from injured cells or pathogens
Prokaryote, second smallest pathogen
type of cell that lives in the tissue and responds to invaders via phagocytosis
smallest non-living pathogen
immune response that is 2nd line of defense after skin. Mounts a response to a variety of well-known pathogens
top, least dense layer of blood that contains proteins, nutrients, and hormones
oxygen carrying protein
where immune cells and blood cells originate
when we react inappropriately to our own body
specialized fluid that carries immune cells
type of antibodies that can bind to a virus and keep the virus from entering a cell or reproducing
proteins that macrophages produce and secrete when in battle. Recruits more defenders
least common of the lymphocytes that contribute to allergy response
bacterial cell wall with thick layer of peptidoglycan
the cell that all other cells originate from
most abundant type of lymphocyte that has a very short life
immune response that must be activated and is specialized
vesicle inside a phagocyte and destroys bacteria during phagocytosis
bacterial cell wall with 2 membranes and thin peptidoglycan layer
lineage that creates T-cell, B-cells, and natural killer cells
agent that caused the antibodies to be made
cells that help mount an allergic response and amplifying inflammatory signals
to tag invaders for destruction
what happens when a macrophage engulfs an invader into a vesicle
middle layer of the blood that contains all leukocytes and platelets
type of T-cell that keeps the immune system from over reacting
type of T-cell that can destroy virus-infected cells

51 Clues: largest invader • oxygen carrying protein • % of total blood volume • smallest non-living pathogen • the study of the immune system • to tag invaders for destruction • what fungi cell walls are made of • Prokaryote, second smallest pathogen • protein that spans the cell membrane • most common assault to the immune system • condition that results in low hemoglobin • ...

Introduction to the Immune System 2020-07-10

Introduction to the Immune System crossword puzzle

Across

Strong acid and enzymes within this organ digests microbes preventing infection
This term means a lack of immune response to a particular antigen; this is helpful in preventing the immune system from attacking the body
Monocytes develop into these phagocytic cells when they migrate into tissues.
This nonspecific barrier is covered with oily and acidic secretions from sweat and oil glands as well as enzymes that help to defend against invaders
A group of proteins that help attract phagocytic cells to invaders and help burst foreign cells
A type of B cell that is responsible for the faster antibody response that occurs when an organism has already been exposed to the antigen and has previously developed antibodies to it
Also known as plasma cells, these lymphocytes make antibodies and so are vital for humoral immunity
A Y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that binds to an antigen
Microscopic single celled organism, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease
This type of immunity does not involve antibodies; Cells directly attack cancer cells, body cells infected by viruses, and foreign tissue/material
White blood cells
An infectious agent that can only replicate inside the cells of living organisms
This type of cell is part of the innate immune system and they kill cells without the need for antigen display
This type of immunity involves the recognition and processing of an antigen such that a specific and targeted attack is made by the immune system which includes a memory response which will make future responses to that specific antigen faster and more efficient.

Down

something capable of causing disease
Any structure that generates an antibody response; may be pathogenic or nonpathogenic
Redness, heat, pain, swelling and loss of function are hallmarks of this protective response to injury designed to help remove the inciting cause and speed healing.
Another term that means antibody
This type of T cell, also known as a Regulatory T Cell, serves to decrease the immune response thus helping to prevent autoimmune disease
The term for the bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts that help prevent colonization of these areas by pathogenic bacteria
A term meaning cellular eating where a cell engulfs a particle such as another cell, bacteria, or foreign material.
When the body’s immune system attacks part of the body to which it should be tolerant, but isn’t
Chemical properties of the antigen activate this type of immunity which consists of nonspecific physical barriers, proteins in the blood, and certain immune system cells
A particular type of T cell that is part of the adaptive immune system; they activate B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells
Small fingerlike projections help sweep invaders up the respiratory tract keeping them from invading the lungs
This type of T cell kills damaged cells, cancer cells, and/or virus infected cells that are displaying specific antigens
This class of lymphocytes are important in cell mediated immunity
This type of immunity involves antibodies binding with antigen; it is most effective for viruses that lie outside body cells, bacteria, and toxins.

28 Clues: White blood cells • Another term that means antibody • something capable of causing disease • This class of lymphocytes are important in cell mediated immunity • A Y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that binds to an antigen • Monocytes develop into these phagocytic cells when they migrate into tissues. • ...

CFA 3 Cells Review 2021-11-19

Across

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.
Cells use _____________ ________ to replace dead or damaged cells and to allow multicellular organisms to grow.
From smallest to greatest is atom, molecule, cell.
A protective layer that covers the cell surface, and acts as a barrier, controlling what goes in and out the cell.
This invention helped in the discovery and advancement of the cell theory
A ___________ is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
Genetic material that provides instructions for all cell purposes.
The control center of the cell that contains the DNA.
A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function.
Small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
Almost all the energy that fuels life on Earth come from the sun.
The gel-like fluid that includes all of the organelles of the cell.
Fluid filled vesicles that may contain enzymes, nutrients, water or waste. Plant cells have one large central _____________ that stores water and gives shape to the cell.

Down

Made up of 2 or more atoms.
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions.
Plants and animals use ____________ _______________ to produce energy for cell processes.
Organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
All cells have a cell membrane, DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm. The single cell of a ______________ _____________ must carry out all of the functions for life.
Break down food molecules to release energy by cellular respiration.
Made up of 2 or more cells. It's cells may be specialized to perform specific functions.
An _______________ is any living thing.
A group of similar cells that perform a common function.
The green pigment contained in chloroplasts that absorbs the energy in sunlight.
______________ are found in animal cells and have digestive enzymes that help break down waste.
Lists three basic characteristics of all cells and organisms A) All organisms are made up of one or more cells B) The cell is the basic unit of all organisms C) All cells come from existing cells.
All matter is made up of these.
A rigid structure that protects and gives support and shape to plant cells.
A molecule made up of 2 or more different types of atoms.
The process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sure and oxygen.

29 Clues: Made up of 2 or more atoms. • All matter is made up of these. • Organelles where photosynthesis occurs. • An _______________ is any living thing. • From smallest to greatest is atom, molecule, cell. • The control center of the cell that contains the DNA. • A group of similar cells that perform a common function. • ...

Different type of cells 2023-11-16

Different type of cells crossword puzzle

Across

Hooke Invented the cells
It was the first cell
You have to use a microscope to see them
The key part of a cell
jelly-like substance
Cells Cells in the nerves

Down

It is Larger than the Prokaryotic
Cells that are in are bones
Cell Cells in the sperm
Help with protine.
One large cell
The powerhouse of the cell
Cells in are blood
egg cells Cells in a girl

14 Clues: One large cell • Help with protine. • Cells in are blood • It was the first cell • jelly-like substance • The key part of a cell • egg cells Cells in a girl • The powerhouse of the cell • Hooke Invented the cells • Cells that are in are bones • Cell Cells in the sperm • Cells Cells in the nerves • It is Larger than the Prokaryotic • You have to use a microscope to see them

The Lymphatic System 2013-03-12

Across

-produces memory cells and plasma cells
-part of the second line of defence which ingests bacteria
-marker that identifies a pathogen
-the second line of defence using WBC’s to kill pathogens
in RBC's -determines if it is negative or positive
-interstitial fluid carried through the body
-remembers pathogens to help with future invasions

Down

-another term for nonspecific defence
-kills any pathogens in the body
-proteins that recognize and treat bacteria
-third line of defence
-slows the immune response to prevent destroying good tissue
disorder -a condition where T-cells attack the body’s own cells
-are lymphocytes that help, kill, supress & memorize pathogens
-is a scavenger that ingests threatening pathogens

15 Clues: -third line of defence • -kills any pathogens in the body • -marker that identifies a pathogen • -another term for nonspecific defence • -produces memory cells and plasma cells • -proteins that recognize and treat bacteria • -interstitial fluid carried through the body • in RBC's -determines if it is negative or positive • ...

Protists vocabulary 2025-12-09

Across

contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny organism in pond water.
An organism that makes its own food,usually using sunlight.
Everything is made up of cells
stated that all animals are made of cells.
First to see living cells using a microscope and named them "cells".
A type of reproduction where one cell splits into two identical cells
protective layer that surrounds the cell

Down

discovered that all plants are made of cells
Located outside of the cell
Known as the"powerhouse" of the cell
Discovered that all animals are made of cells
storage areas for the cell
Give plants their Green color
an organism that gets food by eating other organisms

15 Clues: contains DNA • storage areas for the cell • Located outside of the cell • Give plants their Green color • Everything is made up of cells • Known as the"powerhouse" of the cell • protective layer that surrounds the cell • stated that all animals are made of cells. • discovered that all plants are made of cells • Discovered that all animals are made of cells • ...

Sompayrac Chapter 1 2022-01-19

Across

Name of structure where an IgG binds to a cell surface (two words)
Vesicle that a bacterium is engulfed in when a macrophage discovers it
Protein that is found in both the "hands" and "tail" regions of IgG antibody (two words)
Immature macrophage cell that just left the bone marrow and entered the blood
Second line of defense after the first line is breached (three words)
The type of cells that line the inside of capillaries
The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words)
"Test batch" of antibodies (three words)
Also known as the secondary lymphoid organ, this organ acts as a station to drop off the cargo that is invaders for B and T cells to attack and get rid of (two words).
Antibody-like-molecule on the surface of T cells that is made by modular design strategy
The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules
Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words)
The disease Edward Jenner vaccinated the English from in the 1790s
Destroys virus-infected cells by making contact with the cell and "assisting its suicide" (three words)
Third line of defense that helps protect vertebrates from almost any invader
Digestive vesicle of cells that contains enzymes that could kill the host cell if released
The "tail" of an IgG antibody that can bind to receptors on cell surfaces (two words)
The display of these proteins are only intended for the enlightenment of helper T cells; alerts of a problem outside of cells (three words, last one abbreviated)
The disease that was collected from pus so Edward Jenner could inoculate James Phipps
First line of defense against invaders (two words)
A protein that "presents" information for T cells to "view" about cells (three words)
Protein that is only found in the "hands" region of IgG antibody (two words)
the process of only replicating B cells when their cognate antigen is found as to not waste space and resources to fight against invaders not currently in the body (two words)

Down

Utilizes "one for me, one for you" process while replicating (2 words)
The agent that causes an antibody to be made
Prototype antibody (two words)
Special proteins that circulate the blood of immunized individuals
Directs action through secreting cytokines that have dramatic effects on other immune system cells (three words)
Stops a virus from entering/reproducing within a cell
Type of binding that occurs after a helper T cell binds to a class II MHC molecule displaying a cognate antigen
what antibodies do to an invader, "to prepare for eating"
Hormone-like messenger that facilitate communication between the cells of the immune system
Found on most cells surfaces of the body, informs T cells about what is going on inside the cell (three words, last one abbreviated)
The process of consuming and digesting cells and invaders
White blood cells that are born in the bone marrow and can mature to become antibody factories
"Leftover" B and T cells from an attack that are more numerous than inexperienced B and T cells and are easier to activate to help defend from following attacks.
Helps keep the immune system from overreacting (three words)
The molecule that fits the Fab region of a B cell receptor (two words)
A sentinel that mostly is in a dormant state that lives in endothelial cells and recruits the rest of the innate immune system upon an infiltration

Immunology 2025-04-01

Across

Tc or Th recognize the antigen presented on surface of APC, stimulates the proliferation of Tc or Th clones and memory cells
accumulation of fluid-neutrophils enter site and phagocytose any cell debris or bacteria, 3rd stage of inflammation
WBC migrate towards a chemical stimulus
immunity that is Antibody mediated (B cells )
Inflammation signal that causes cells to migrate to the area, 1st step of phagocytosis
plasma-like liquid carried by the lymphatic system
also known as Tc cells, Carry out attacks
Changes in vasculature-vasoconstriction and calls immune cells to area, 1st stage of inflammation
englufed vesicles fuses with vesicle containing digestive fluid, 4th step in phagocytosis
Stimulates a primary response and a memory response, Primes the immune system for future exposure to a virulent pathogen.
All purpose phagocytic cells that engulf and kills bacteria, it is the primary component of pus.
Lives in certain tissue for their whole life ex: Alveolar-lung, dendritic cells- skin, kupffer cells - liver
antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta: or to infant in her milk
Injection of immune serum (Gamma Globulin)
monomer in plasma, dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to the epithelia
also known as Th cells, secretes interleukins, attracts and stimulates activity of other immune cells, coordination of both cellular and humoral immunity
Monomer, 80% circulating, crosses placenta to fetus, 2 degree immune response.
develop in the bone marrow
debris given off from the cell, 6th step in phagocytosis
substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers and immune response
bacteria eaten and taken into vesicle, 3rd step in phagocytosis
inflammation of the meninges
Monomer, B cell membrane antigen receptor
Key signs include; redness, warmth, swelling and pain
Another word for antibodies, Defensive protein in blood plasma and body secretions:4 polypeptide chains
Movement of WBC from the blood into tissue
also known as Tm cells, provide immunity from future exposure to antigen
2nd step of phagocytosis, pattern recognition receptors identify and stick to foreign cells
Immunity that is cell-mediated ( T cells)

Down

Vaccine; dead or attenuated pathogens
a network of connecgtive tissues that support cells of the body and provides a passsageway between tissues and organs
When reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness
Foreign cells are broken into small pieces, 5th step in phagocytosis
Fluid leaks from cells and blood vessels
Infection; contact with a pathogen
Cell bound antigens (Clumping)
filters blood, removes old RBC from circulation, storage site for blood
return to healthy tissue, the 4th stage of inflammation
Cells of the immune system that digest foreign cells and particles and place pieces of them on their own surfaces in such a way that other cells of the immune system recognize them.
small encapsulated, bean-shaped organs, that cluster along lymphatic vessels, theres a high number in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
a small gland partly in the neck and partly in the thorax
Decreased permeability of the walls of blood vessels in the brain, restricting access to that compartment.
Monomer, on mast cells, stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils
Pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1 degree immune response
Abnormally elevated body temperature.
26 Plasma proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses
Immunity directed against a particular pathogen
2nd stage of inflammation vasodilation increase blood flow bring immune components fluid leaks into extracellular area
Mature in the thymus
- pathogen associated molecular patterns - considered red flags
Small protein produced by WBC and tissue cells

51 Clues: Mature in the thymus • develop in the bone marrow • inflammation of the meninges • Cell bound antigens (Clumping) • Infection; contact with a pathogen • Vaccine; dead or attenuated pathogens • Abnormally elevated body temperature. • WBC migrate towards a chemical stimulus • Fluid leaks from cells and blood vessels • also known as Tc cells, Carry out attacks • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

glands 2024-05-17

Across

The process by which cells release substances from their intracellular vesicles into the extracellular space.
Flying mammal
Refers to the system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes in the body.
Large marsupial
Refers to substances that are released from cells or glands into the extracellular space.
Man's best friend
The process by which cells take in substances from the external environment by engulfing them in the cell membrane.
vesicles: Intracellular vesicles that merge with the cell membrane during exocytosis to release their contents into the extracellular space.
The process by which cells take in substances from the external environment by engulfing them in the cell membrane.
exocytosis: The continuous release of substances from cells, which occurs in most cells to maintain cell membrane integrity.
exocytosis: The release of substances from cells in response to a signal, such as the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells.
A type of secretion in which substances are released from a cell by exocytosis without any loss of cytoplasm.
Has a trunk
aggregates: Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body.
A type of secretion in which the entire cell becomes packed with the secretory product and then ruptures, releasing the substance into the surrounding tissue.

Down

The process by which substances, such as enzymes or hormones, are produced and released by cells or glands.
gland: A type of gland that releases substances, such as enzymes or sweat, through ducts that lead to the external environment or into internal organs.
Refers to glands that secrete substances, such as enzymes, through ducts that lead to the external environment or into internal organs.
A type of endocytosis in which cells take in small amounts of fluid and dissolved substances from the extracellular environment.
Specialized organs or tissues that produce and secrete substances for specific functions in the body.
endocytosis: A type of endocytosis in which cells take up specific molecules by binding to receptors on the cell membrane.
Likes to chase mice
membrane: The surface of epithelial cells that faces the external environment or a body cavity, involved in secretion, absorption, and protection
A type of endocytosis in which cells engulf large particles or microorganisms and digest them.
cells: Cells that line the surfaces of organs and body cavities, and are involved in secretion, absorption, and protection.
gland: A type of exocrine gland that releases substances through exocytosis without any loss of cytoplasm.
An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin and glucagon, involved in regulating blood sugar levels.
A type of secretion in which part of the cell membrane, along with the secretory product, is shed from the cell.

29 Clues: Has a trunk • Flying mammal • Large marsupial • Man's best friend • Likes to chase mice • aggregates: Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. • A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body. • Refers to substances that are released from cells or glands into the extracellular space. • ...

Stem Cells - Part 2 2013-01-16

Across

nuclear messenger that can pathologically accumulate with increased genetic damage to the cell
large tumor consisting of multiple germ layers, result of transplanting undifferentiated stem cells
cell capable of forming a new tumor
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells
name of chromosome found in HSC derivaties of CML leukemia patients
If a transplant attacks the patients tissues and organ it is said to result in this type of disease
accumulation of these in a somatic cell lineage causes cancer
alternative source of stem cells that posses intermediate qualities between embryonic and adult stem cells
type of cancer that does not follow the stem cell model, does not show hierarchical structure
type of stem cell that can produce all cell and tissue types, ethically controversial
Routine but risky transplant used for several blood disorders

Down

high expression of this enzyme is responsible for limitless replicative potential of cancer cells
a controversial stem cell marker that correlates with tumorgenicity and stemness
process by which a non stem cell is differentiated into a different type of cell using varying transcription factors
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells
one of the four iPS inducing genes that carries a risk of cancer
tumor supressor protein that, when mutated, causes cancer cells to evade apoptosis
type of stem cells that are rare and difficult to culture
stem cells created using retroviruses transducing specific "Yamanka" genes, reverting it back to a pluripotent state.
a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells
a laboratory technique for creating a clone embryo in which a somatic nucleus is fused with a denucleated egg cell
comples in the Wnt signaling pathway that is usually the first to mutate
process by which sperm fertilizes an egg outside the body
type of transporter highly expressed in both cancer stem cells and tissue stem cells
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells

25 Clues: cell capable of forming a new tumor • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • type of stem cells that are rare and difficult to culture • process by which sperm fertilizes an egg outside the body • ...

Chapter 7 Vocab 2015-11-08

Across

Co-founder of the cell theory, concluded that all animals are made of cells
Rod shaped bacteria
Spiral shaped bacteria
up word definitions
Very basic unicellular eukaryotic cells
Organelle in which the processes of respiration and energy production occur
Thrives in chemicals
Finalized the cell theory and recognized Leukemia cells for the first time
Semipermeable, embedded with proteins, carbs and cholesterol, controls the flow of substances in and out of cell
Food producing organelle found only in plants
Helps the cell divide to reproduce
"Animal-like" protist
He made over 500 single lens microscopes, discovered bacteria and algea
Located on rough ER, serve as the site of protein synthesis, link amino acids together
Scientist who concluded that cells are not empty, but filled with a fluid called cytoplasm
"Stomach" of eukaryotic cells, organelle which contains digestive enzymes
Organelle that isolates materials which may be harmful or a threat to the cell

Down

Lack organs, can reproduce sexually or asexually, more related to animals than plants
Creates proteins, smooth and rough, rough has ribosomes on it
Contains DNA, surrounded by a double membrane, control center of a cell, "Nuclear Envelope"
Co-founder of the cell theory, concluded that all plants are made of cells
Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Contains DNA or RNA, cannot reproduce without a host, NOT MADE OF CELLS
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes involved in secretion and intracellular transport
Thrives in extreme temperatures, uses high temperatures for heat
He used the compound light microscope to look at nonliving cells in a cork from a plant stem
Archaebacteria which likes salt
Evolved cells that use photosynthesis
He discovered the nucleus
"Plant-like" protist
Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Sphere shaped bacteria

32 Clues: Rod shaped bacteria • up word definitions • Thrives in chemicals • "Plant-like" protist • "Animal-like" protist • Spiral shaped bacteria • Sphere shaped bacteria • He discovered the nucleus • Archaebacteria which likes salt • Helps the cell divide to reproduce • Evolved cells that use photosynthesis • Very basic unicellular eukaryotic cells • ...

Exam #2: BHS 316 2023-11-14

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The _____ is guarding the groove of the MHC molecule.
_____ proteins are responsible making sure CTLA-4 and PD-1 function properly to help decommission T cells as a negative immune regulator.
Unlike B cells, T cells cannot undergo ______ to change the affinity of their TCRs for their cognate antigen.
_____ co-receptors will only clip onto class I MHC molecules.
Activated _____ cells recruit their own replacements.
Lymphoid follicles are specialized regions of _____ lymphoid organs in which B cells percolate through a lattice of follicular dendritic cells.
_____ co-receptors will only clip onto class II MHC molecules.
What type of antibodies does a virgin B cell mainly produce when first activated?
What type of cytokines will help you when you are attacked by fungi or extracellular bacteria?
______ that bind to Class II molecules are longer than those that occupy the closed groove of class I molecules.
T cells require extensive receptor _____ by MHC peptide complexes.

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signaling involves clustering ____ together in one area of the T cell surface.
In response to antigens, virgin B cells can be activated with minimal help from the T cell. This is known as T cell - ______.
Dendritic cells function as a _____ between the innate and adaptive systems.
An external region which binds to a molecule, involved in transmembrane proteins.
What type of antibody is least abundant in the human body?
What type of cytokine is responsible for instructing the innate and adaptive systems to mobilize cells and produce antibodies that are effective against invaders?
Movement of the immune system through a lymph node is orchestrated by up and downregulation of chemokine receptors and _____.
_____ is made of a heavy chain and a light chain.
The ____ region of an antibody determines both its class and its function.
Antibody class switching is controlled by the ____ that B cells encounter to switch place.
What type of B cell produces one kind of BC or antibody?

22 Clues: _____ is made of a heavy chain and a light chain. • The _____ is guarding the groove of the MHC molecule. • Activated _____ cells recruit their own replacements. • What type of B cell produces one kind of BC or antibody? • What type of antibody is least abundant in the human body? • _____ co-receptors will only clip onto class I MHC molecules. • ...

Blood Crossword 2024-02-28

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These cells are found in the bone marrow that responsible for the everyday production and release of platelets.
The positive or negative sign in blood groups. It is a protein on the surface of red blood cells.
Scientific name for white blood cell (or immune cells).
This blood group has the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells and contains antibodies against the B antigen.
During blood transfusions, if the wrong blood group is given, blood can clump together.
This blood group has both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells and does not contain any antibodies against either A or B antigen. Known as the "universal receiver."
This blood group has the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells and contains antibodies against the A antigen.
The type of this determines which blood types may be safely donated during a blood transfusion.
The movement of cells, particularly white blood cells, through the walls of capillaries into tissue due to damage, infection, or inflammation.
This blood group does not has either A or B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, but does contain antibodies against both A and B antigens. Known as the "universal donor."

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This process is when blood changes from a liquid state to a semi-solid state. Also known as clotting.
Scientific name for red blood cell.
Blood cell formation.
If incompatible blood is given in a blood transfusion, it may negatively affect these organs, which help filter blood.
Protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
This process is stopping the bleeding of a damaged blood vessel.
A crawling-like movement in which cells form temporary cytoplasmic projections (like feet).
Main protein involved in blood clotting.
This is made up of water, coagulants, proteins, electrolytes, and immunoglobulins.
A type of blood cell to help with clot formation to stop bleeding.

20 Clues: Blood cell formation. • Scientific name for red blood cell. • Main protein involved in blood clotting. • Protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. • Scientific name for white blood cell (or immune cells). • This process is stopping the bleeding of a damaged blood vessel. • A type of blood cell to help with clot formation to stop bleeding. • ...

Organelles and Levels of Organization 2024-01-28

Organelles and Levels of Organization crossword puzzle

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a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together
carries materials through the cell.
Bubble-like membrane that transports large molecules into and out of the cell
provides shape, structure, and protection for PLANT cells
makes proteins; found in all cells
allows SOME materials to pass in & out of the cell; found in all cells
genetic material
a group of ORGANS working together doing a similar job
stores water in order to maintain PLANT shape

Down

directs and controls cell activities; contains genes
where photosynthesis happens in PLANT cells
Makes final modifications to proteins
jelly-like substance that holds the organelles; found in all cells
a group of CELLS working together doing a similar job
makes energy for the cell
a group of TISSUES working together doing a similar job
smallest living thing
organize genetic information for cell division in ANIMAL cells

18 Clues: genetic material • smallest living thing • makes energy for the cell • makes proteins; found in all cells • carries materials through the cell. • Makes final modifications to proteins • a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together • where photosynthesis happens in PLANT cells • stores water in order to maintain PLANT shape • directs and controls cell activities; contains genes • ...

Immune Response 2023-12-01

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Exotoxins that provoke an excessive immune response, killing healthy cells and causing toxic shock.
"White"
Lymphatic organ that teaches T-cells how to recognize self vs. non-self antigens.
Agranulocytes that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.
Organ system that filters blood, traps microbes in nodes, and drains excess fluid from inflammation.
"Pink"
Cell surface markers that occur in some members of the same species but not others.
Cascade of 26-30 different proteins that bore holes in bacterial cell membranes.
Plasma made of water, salt, and some proteins, contained in capillaries with a one-way flow.
Chemical compound in saliva that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Protein made by B-cells to block attachment sites on pathogens, help phagocytes eat them, or mark them for death by complement.
Antigen that will create an immune response.
Line of defense that includes adaptive cells that learn to target specific pathogens.
Piece of a microbe that may create an immune response.
Pattern-recognition receptor, on the surface of WBCs to recognize pathogenic characteristics/antigens.
Cells that stay in the connective tissue and initiate inflammation in response to foreign antigens.
Inflammatory chemical that causes prolonged bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, mucus secretion, and increased capillary refill.
Granulocytes (55-90% of all WBCs) that trap pathogens in a net and phagocytose them.
Reticulo-endothelial system, a connective tissue network that surrounds all organs, inhabited by phagocytes.
Rare granulocytes (0.5% of WBCs) trained to fight parasites that sometimes cause allergy.
Cells that trap pathogens with tentacles.

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Slower inflammatory chemical that constricts bronchioles and floods them with fluid, increasing vascular permeability.
Microbe that causes disease.
Protein secreted by immune cells to start a fever (ex. CRP).
Lymphatic organ that filters blood and recycles dead/damaged RBCs.
Immunity that is acquired over the lifespan, a learned response to specific microbes.
Line of defense that includes physical and chemical barriers such as tears, saliva, mucus, acid, bile, earwax, cilia, urine, and vomit.
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, aka "Peyer's patches".
B-cells and T-cells that can make memory cells to fight a pathogen faster at the next encounter.
Largest of the WBCs, they release cytokines and phagocytize pathogens and dead cells.
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
Vasodilation and edema that bring white blood cells, oxygen, and nutrients to the site of infection.
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue.
Cytokine that warns nearby cells of a viral infection, stimulating antiviral protein production.
Immunity present at birth, giving nonspecific resistance to infection.
Antigens on harmless nonliving substances.
Fast-acting inflammatory chemical that constricts smooth muscle and dilates blood vessels.
Literally "eating cells" - part of the second line of defense.
Line of defense that includes nonspecific immune cells and proteins.
Cell that surveils the body, recognizes microbes by contact, and attacks microbes.

40 Clues: "Pink" • "White" • Microbe that causes disease. • Skin-associated lymphoid tissue. • Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. • Cells that trap pathogens with tentacles. • Antigens on harmless nonliving substances. • Antigen that will create an immune response. • Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, aka "Peyer's patches". • Piece of a microbe that may create an immune response. • ...

Immunology Exam 1: Study! 2024-07-10

Immunology Exam 1: Study! crossword puzzle

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is a protein found in our blood that transports oxygen to our tissues
identify general molecular patterns found on groups of pathogens, rather than targeting specific individual pathogens, which helps in recognizing a broad range of invaders despite mutations
present intracellular peptides to CD8+ to help destroy infected cells
are pre-produced and stored inside neutrophils; they move to the cell surface quickly in response to infection
cells detect antigens shown by MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and release cytokines to accelerate the immune response
include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and are found in the “buffy coat” of blood.
Dense layer of blood
The _______ immune system develops targeted responses to specific pathogens through the activation of B cells and T cells.

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are messengers of the immune system that send alerts to other immune cells to prepare for battle against invaders.
are considered “warning proteins” that interfere with the reproduction of viruses by producing antiviral proteins
The _____ activation pathway activates the complement system by binding specifically to carbohydrates, such as mannose, on the surface of pathogens.
are most abundant innate immune cells that store powerful chemicals inside of the cell and release in the presence of pathogens.
pathway relies on spontaneous reactions involving C3, leading to the destruction of pathogens
The complement system produces proteins in the ______ to destroy foreign pathogens and communicate with other immune cells
cells reside in tissues and act as messenger "bridge" cells that present antigens to adaptive immune cells in the lymph nodes.
on gram-negative bacteria binds to receptors on immune cells triggering the release of cytokines and activates the immune response.
is an the most abundant antibody found in human blood and is produced by plasma B cells
immune system is the body’s first line of defense that responds quickly to pathogens without prior exposure.

18 Clues: Dense layer of blood • is a protein found in our blood that transports oxygen to our tissues • present intracellular peptides to CD8+ to help destroy infected cells • is an the most abundant antibody found in human blood and is produced by plasma B cells • pathway relies on spontaneous reactions involving C3, leading to the destruction of pathogens • ...

Immune Basics 2023-04-24

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an antigen that is not disease causing given to people in order to elicit a primary immune response and to make memory cells.
cell Type of B and T cells produced that give the body immunity to future exposures to a pathogen.
________ immune response. The first time a pathogen is encountered.
created when a critical percentage of humans in a population exhibit immunity to a pathogen
organs in which lymph is filtered and acted upon by white blood cells and lymphocytes.
Differentiated B-cells that produce antibodies specific to an encountered antigen.
Specific molecules or parts of pathogens that the immune system recognizes as targets.
The body's first line of defense providing a non-specific response to pathogens through physical, chemical, and cellular defenses.
aka white blood cells.Cells that search for, attack, and destroy germs to keep the body healthy. They are crucial components of both innate and adaptive immune responses.
named after bone marrow. Specific, have antibodies on cytoplasm for antigen recognition
Non-specific first lines of defense including skin, mucus membranes, non-specific white blood cells etc.
cell that is part of the lymphatic system, especially T and B cells
Small structures that filter and destroy germs to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the body. They contain immune cells that analyze foreign invaders.
Located in the throat, they trap foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
Part of the long-term memory of the immune system, quickly producing antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen.

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Developed after exposure to a pathogen or antigen, leading to immunological memory, either naturally or through vaccination.
Retain memory of pathogen-specific information for rapid response to the same pathogen upon re-exposure.
Retain a memory of specific pathogens to enhance the speed and efficacy of the immune response upon re-exposure.
Central to adaptive immunity, including T-cells and B-cells, which have specific roles in immune defense.
An organ that stores white blood cells and filters the blood, destroying old and damaged red blood cells.
Involves the transfer of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another, providing temporary immunity.
fluid from tissue that flows in lymph vessels
Provides a targeted response to specific pathogens, features memory components, and develops over time.
_________ immune response. The second or greater time a pathogen is encountered. Memory cells help out a lot.
Capable of killing infected cells directly.
protein or carbohydrate that is unique and recognized by immune cell receptors and antibodies
Famous white blood cell that is a main antigen presenting cell. It's name means big eater.
Include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells that process and present antigens to T-cells.
means cell eating. Macrophages do it a lot.
protein produced by plasma cells that mark and neutralize pathogens by attaching to antigen
organism that causes disease
_______ response. Causes swelling and increased blood flow
includes lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes
Molecules displayed on cell surfaces that present antigenic peptides to T-cells.

34 Clues: organism that causes disease • Capable of killing infected cells directly. • means cell eating. Macrophages do it a lot. • fluid from tissue that flows in lymph vessels • includes lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes • _______ response. Causes swelling and increased blood flow • ________ immune response. The first time a pathogen is encountered. • ...

Exam 1 Review 2021-07-07

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The system in the innate immune response comprised of 20 different proteins that work together in order to defend against infection as well as signal immune cells for activation.
Cells that mature in the thymus and split into three categories: helper, killer, and regulatory.
Cells that bridge the signaling gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses.
When mature, these white blood cells can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Most commonly concentrated in the blood stream.
The layer of blood comprised of water, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones.
These lymphocytes kill bacteria, virus-infected cells, parasites, and some cancer cells by use of secreting IFN-g along with perforin to instigate infected/damaged cell suicide. Operates on a balance of activating and inhibiting signals.
One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity.
Proteins that detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to detect invaders/infections.
The group of lymphocytes comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, also known as the second arm of the innate immune system.
Nicknamed the "King of Interferons, these cells use TLR7 and TLR9 to detect both viral RNA and DNA.

Down

The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells.
Proteins that "present" antigens to T-cells and come in two classes, I and II.
The state in which a macrophage receives signals such as mannose and LPS to stop proliferation, increase growth and rate of phagocytosis, and secrete TNF.
The system of the body that drains fluid from the cardiovascular system and houses T and B cells.
Glycolipids commonly found on the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria and is commonly referred to as endotoxins
Considered the "smart bomb" pathway of the innate immune response, and specifically targets mannose and other carbohydrates on the surfaces of common pathogens.
The system specifically designed to combat viruses.
The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
Macrophages first line of support and the most abundant white blood cell.
Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat.
The mechanism by which macrophages digest and eliminate debris and foreign microbes.

21 Clues: The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells. • The system specifically designed to combat viruses. • One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity. • The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes. • Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat. • ...

Histology Review Crossword 2024-09-23

Histology Review Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

simple single layer of tall, closely packed cells
formal name for bone tissue; ground substance eventually becomes calcified
Cartilage found in intervertebral spaces; contain lots of collagen
vascular tissue that detects foreign substances; contain granules that secrete inflammatory chemicals
CT made up of fat cells; insulates & warms the body; provides nutrients to other cells
CT found in capsules around organs; made up of collagen fibers in many directions
Cartilage found in outer ear & tip of nose; highly
CT found under skin & around organs; mostly open space; holds water and salts
oil glands; excrete products when cell ruptures and spill into duct
type of blood cell that carry oxygen throughout the body
more than one layer of cells
muscle tissue that contracts voluntarily; striated; connected to bones
sweat glands; excrete products via exocytosis
layer of cells that can change shape or "stretch"; found in lining of bladder
CT containing reticular fibers which supports internal organs

Down

ductless gland that secrete hormones through bloodstream; (product = hormones)
layer of cells that appears to be stratified but is not
secrete substances outwards through a duct
mammary glands; excrete products by cell pinching off
only one layer of cells
simple single, flat layer of cells that is thin and permeable
muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily; only found in the heart; activated by brain or hormones
blob-like cells that engulf invading substances/organisms
tissue that does NOT have nerves or blood vessels
makes up most connective tissue; contains ground substance and protein fibers
type of blood cell that provides an immune response
simple single layer of cube-shaped cells
muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily; non-striated; found in walls of stomach, uterus, intestines, etc.
CT found in tendons & ligaments; made up of collagen fibers arranged in 1 direction
nervous tissue that makes up 90% of all nerve cells; support and protect neurons; able to regenerate
CT found between vertebrae & in arteries; provides flexible cushioning
Cartilage found in larynx, bridge of nose, & ribs; glassy looking; few collagen fibers
nervous tissue that makes up 10% of all nerve cells; converts stimuli to nerve impulses; unable to regenerate

33 Clues: only one layer of cells • more than one layer of cells • simple single layer of cube-shaped cells • secrete substances outwards through a duct • sweat glands; excrete products via exocytosis • simple single layer of tall, closely packed cells • tissue that does NOT have nerves or blood vessels • Cartilage found in outer ear & tip of nose; highly • ...

unit 5 vocab 2023-12-08

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--agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans
a fertilized egg
--one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
--period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
--one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
--phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
–developing stage of a multicellular organism
--series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
–cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
--process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
--any change in the DNA sequence
--disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
--division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Down

--type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
--the treatment of disease, especially cancer, using X-rays or similar forms of radiation.
type of reproduction in which one parent cell produces two identical offspring (daughter cells)
stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
–unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
--phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
--region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body
the process of programmed cell death
--the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

25 Clues: a fertilized egg • --any change in the DNA sequence • the process of programmed cell death • –developing stage of a multicellular organism • --agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans • --region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • --division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • ...

Unit VI vocab 2023-01-02

Across

- first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
factor - one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
- the process of programmed cell death
-phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down which can damage cells; used to diagnose and treat some types of cancer
- period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
-phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
- Non-cancerous growth though it may grow larger without spreading to other parts of the body
division - process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
- one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
fission - type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

Down

- phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
- structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
- division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
- part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
- mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
- treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
- region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
- abnormal cells which divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
(fibers) - network of microtubules that forms within a dividing eukaryotic cell; help to move chromosomes into the daughter cells during mitosis
- substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
cycle - series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
- one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

24 Clues: - the process of programmed cell death • - period of the cell cycle between cell divisions • - division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • - region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • - one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome • - structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division • ...

cells 2013-03-25

Across

when the nucleus splits and forms a new cell.
a jelly like fluid.
what helps remove waste.
the building blocks of life.
what lets good stuff in and bad ones out.
a cell's brain.

Down

other cells in groups.
what makes protein and turns food into energy and gets rid of waste.
what keeps a plant's shape.

9 Clues: a cell's brain. • a jelly like fluid. • other cells in groups. • what helps remove waste. • what keeps a plant's shape. • the building blocks of life. • what lets good stuff in and bad ones out. • when the nucleus splits and forms a new cell. • what makes protein and turns food into energy and gets rid of waste.

cells 2018-02-22

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storge area for the cell
wall provides protection and suport
reticulum transports materials in the cell
breaks down food particles and worn out parts

Down

powerhouses the cell that produces energy
bluids protein for the cell function
controls what enters and leaves the cell
is the command center, direct the cells activities
body receives packages and distributes materials

9 Clues: storge area for the cell • wall provides protection and suport • bluids protein for the cell function • controls what enters and leaves the cell • powerhouses the cell that produces energy • reticulum transports materials in the cell • breaks down food particles and worn out parts • body receives packages and distributes materials • ...

Cells 2018-03-22

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It is the cell's power producers
The mitochondria is where the cell gets its ____
A structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane
The main job of the ribosome is to make these for the cell

Down

The outer boundary of the cell
A part of the cell such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and lysosomes
What is formed when many of the same type of cells are together in a group
Basic unit of life
Eukaryotic cells are the types of cells that make up plants and ____
The outer boundary of the cell

10 Clues: Basic unit of life • The outer boundary of the cell • The outer boundary of the cell • It is the cell's power producers • The mitochondria is where the cell gets its ____ • The main job of the ribosome is to make these for the cell • A part of the cell such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and lysosomes • Eukaryotic cells are the types of cells that make up plants and ____ • ...

Cells 2020-04-13

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Helps animals, humans, and plants, along with many more organisms live.
This makes protein for the cell
Found inside the nucleus
An organelle found in eukaryotic systems mainly
The leader/brain of the cell.
Very large numbers of these are found in cells.

Down

sacs that hold cytoplasm
The liquid found in cells to provide nutrients to all the other components.
similar to the cytoplasm of the cell but located in the nucleus

9 Clues: sacs that hold cytoplasm • Found inside the nucleus • The leader/brain of the cell. • This makes protein for the cell • An organelle found in eukaryotic systems mainly • Very large numbers of these are found in cells. • similar to the cytoplasm of the cell but located in the nucleus • Helps animals, humans, and plants, along with many more organisms live. • ...

cells!!! 2021-02-12

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organelle only found in plant cells, provides structure
organelle used for storage
tiny organs
organisms that have more than one cell
homeostasis

Down

power house of the cell
organisms that have only one cell
stores genetic information in a eukaryotic cell
also known as the plasma membrane,

9 Clues: tiny organs • homeostasis • power house of the cell • organelle used for storage • organisms that have only one cell • also known as the plasma membrane, • organisms that have more than one cell • stores genetic information in a eukaryotic cell • organelle only found in plant cells, provides structure

CELLS 2020-12-08

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this organ system responds to sensations
a group of tissues working together for a specific function
the control center sends a message to this to correct the "problem" and bring the body back to balance
this organ system is responsible for processing foods

Down

All organisms must maintain
detects the change and sends a signal to the control center
control center
Smallest unit of Life
group of cells with similar structure and function are known as:

9 Clues: control center • Smallest unit of Life • All organisms must maintain • this organ system responds to sensations • this organ system is responsible for processing foods • detects the change and sends a signal to the control center • a group of tissues working together for a specific function • group of cells with similar structure and function are known as: • ...

Cells 2020-12-18

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protects cell from ruptures
Metabolizes waste products
Located on the outer part
Produces the Eukaryotes energy
allows the prokaryote to move
contains genetic material

Down

make the cells protein+DNA
where nutrients and waste pass
Keeps waste or maintains water
maintain the cell's shape

10 Clues: Located on the outer part • maintain the cell's shape • contains genetic material • make the cells protein+DNA • Metabolizes waste products • protects cell from ruptures • allows the prokaryote to move • where nutrients and waste pass • Keeps waste or maintains water • Produces the Eukaryotes energy

Cells 2017-05-18

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What carries DNA and information on how to make the cell grow
What is the control centre of the cell called
what holds the organelles in place
What organelle is only found in plant cells
wall What surrounds the cell and gives it their shape
What stores food or nutrients in a cell

Down

What are small organs inside of a cell called
What is known as the powerhouse of the cell
What digest excess food particles

9 Clues: What digest excess food particles • what holds the organelles in place • What stores food or nutrients in a cell • What is known as the powerhouse of the cell • What organelle is only found in plant cells • What are small organs inside of a cell called • What is the control centre of the cell called • wall What surrounds the cell and gives it their shape • ...

Cells 2018-06-05

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What fertilises an egg cell - female gamete?
What Chemical process take place controlled by Enzymes?
What contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to cells?
What strengthens the cells?

Down

What absorbs water and and mineral ions from the soil?
What does the blood circulate around?
What contains genetic material, which controls the cell?
What absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?
Controls the movement of substances into and out the cell?

9 Clues: What strengthens the cells? • What does the blood circulate around? • What fertilises an egg cell - female gamete? • What absorbs light energy for photosynthesis? • What contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to cells? • What absorbs water and and mineral ions from the soil? • What Chemical process take place controlled by Enzymes? • ...

Cells 2019-05-19

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jelly-like fluid in the middle of the cell
found inside of plant cells
large structure that controls all activity's of the cell

Down

the power house of the cell
Membrane thin layer that forms the outside boundary of the cell opening
any of the cells making up the skin
Membrane thin layer around the nucleus
tiny structures inside the
are storage bubbles found in cells

9 Clues: tiny structures inside the • the power house of the cell • found inside of plant cells • are storage bubbles found in cells • any of the cells making up the skin • Membrane thin layer around the nucleus • jelly-like fluid in the middle of the cell • large structure that controls all activity's of the cell • ...

Cells 2017-12-05

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Theory that states cells come from other cells
A group of molecules
A group of tissues
Cell division
A group of organs
A group of cells

Down

The smallest organization for living things
When nutrients move across plasma membrane with energy
Organelles that help plants make food

9 Clues: Cell division • A group of cells • A group of organs • A group of tissues • A group of molecules • Organelles that help plants make food • The smallest organization for living things • Theory that states cells come from other cells • When nutrients move across plasma membrane with energy

Cells! 2018-05-27

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Outside layer of a cell
they have a true nucleus and specialized structures called organelles that carry out different functions.
organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.
Living Cell

Down

cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.
A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Non-living cell
The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

9 Clues: Living Cell • Non-living cell • Outside layer of a cell • The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. • organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells. • cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms. • ...

Cells 2021-05-25

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helps cell crawl
surrounds the cell membrane
specialized cell structure
whip like structure

Down

supports and protects cell
hair like structure
jelly-like substance inside cell
makes protiens
basic unit of living things

9 Clues: makes protiens • helps cell crawl • hair like structure • whip like structure • supports and protects cell • specialized cell structure • basic unit of living things • surrounds the cell membrane • jelly-like substance inside cell

cells 2023-09-28

Across

vacuole contains water solution, membrane-bound sac for storage,digestion, and waste removal
protein packaging plant and moves materials within the cell and out of the cell
found in cells that contain
gel-like substance that fills the cell.
organelle within a cell that contains chromosomes
make protein and are found in the rough ER

Down

contain genetic material which provides instructions for the cell functions
wall found in only plant cells and supports and protects the cell and provides the shape of cell
digestive plant for proteins,fats and carbohydrates
membrane A double layer to the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell

10 Clues: found in cells that contain • gel-like substance that fills the cell. • make protein and are found in the rough ER • organelle within a cell that contains chromosomes • digestive plant for proteins,fats and carbohydrates • contain genetic material which provides instructions for the cell functions • ...

cells 2023-09-06

Across

is the transportation
makes ribosomes
storage for water and food
makes energy from the sun

Down

holds everything in place
holds everything up
chooses what goes in and comes out
makes energy
is the brain of the cell
the digestive system of the cell

10 Clues: makes energy • makes ribosomes • holds everything up • is the transportation • is the brain of the cell • holds everything in place • makes energy from the sun • storage for water and food • the digestive system of the cell • chooses what goes in and comes out

Cells 2023-09-15

Across

where genetic information is stored
contains cell sap
made of cellulose
absorbs energy from sun
powerhouse of the cell (aerobic respiration)

Down

where the cell makes protein
another name for bacterial cells
where metabolic reactions take place
it controls what goes in and out of the cell

9 Clues: contains cell sap • made of cellulose • absorbs energy from sun • where the cell makes protein • another name for bacterial cells • where genetic information is stored • where metabolic reactions take place • it controls what goes in and out of the cell • powerhouse of the cell (aerobic respiration)

Cells 2023-05-16

Across

It has genes
Import and export
Bound to the membrane
Photosensitizers
One and none
Center of the universe

Down

Many in one
Its in our cells
Little red things

9 Clues: Many in one • It has genes • One and none • Its in our cells • Photosensitizers • Import and export • Little red things • Bound to the membrane • Center of the universe

CELLS 2023-08-13

Across

Place where photosynthesis happens
circular DNA
place where genetic information is stored
doesn't have nucleus
Control what goes in and out of cell

Down

place where energy produced
making protein
large structure in plant cell, cell sap
Smallest units from which all organism are made

9 Clues: circular DNA • making protein • doesn't have nucleus • place where energy produced • Place where photosynthesis happens • Control what goes in and out of cell • large structure in plant cell, cell sap • place where genetic information is stored • Smallest units from which all organism are made

Cells! 2023-08-22

Across

/ Single-celled
/ prokaryotic
/ nucleus
/ cell
/ DNA

Down

/ organisms
/ Rer
/ energy
/ multicelluar

9 Clues: / Rer • / DNA • / cell • / energy • / nucleus • / organisms • / prokaryotic • / multicelluar • / Single-celled

CELLS 2021-09-22

Across

RECTICULAM THE ORAGENLLE THAT HELPS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS AND LIPID COMPONETS OF THE CELL
THE JELLY LIKE LIVING MATERIAL INSIDE A CELL
THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL WHERE CELLUAR RESPIRATION TAKES PLACE

Down

GROUPS OF CELLS THAT PERFORM A PARTICULAR FUNCTION
APPRATUS ORANGELLE THAT TRANSPORTS MOLECULE IN AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL
THREAD LIKE STRUCTURE BODIES INSIDE A NUCLEAS GENES
THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUCTIONAL UNITS OF LIVING ORGANISAM
THE GREEN CLOURED PLASTIDS THAT CONTAIN THE GREEN PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL
THE ORGENLLE THAT CONTROLS ALL THE ACTIVTIES OF HE CELL

9 Clues: THE JELLY LIKE LIVING MATERIAL INSIDE A CELL • GROUPS OF CELLS THAT PERFORM A PARTICULAR FUNCTION • THREAD LIKE STRUCTURE BODIES INSIDE A NUCLEAS GENES • THE ORGENLLE THAT CONTROLS ALL THE ACTIVTIES OF HE CELL • THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUCTIONAL UNITS OF LIVING ORGANISAM • THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL WHERE CELLUAR RESPIRATION TAKES PLACE • ...

cells 2021-09-10

Across

the main unit of life
surrounding the chloroplast of the cell
an organelle found in most cells
a material or protoplasm with a living cell
a space or vessel within the cytoplasm of a cell
middle the cell that holds DNA

Down

a layer outside of the membrane
the structure of the cell that has one or more jobs
where photosynthesis takes place

9 Clues: the main unit of life • middle the cell that holds DNA • a layer outside of the membrane • where photosynthesis takes place • an organelle found in most cells • surrounding the chloroplast of the cell • a material or protoplasm with a living cell • a space or vessel within the cytoplasm of a cell • the structure of the cell that has one or more jobs

Cells 2021-09-12

Across

large sac that holds food, water, and waste
cells are basic building blocks of life in plants
outer layer of an animal cell and controls movement in and out of the cell
brain of the cell, controls the cell's activities
jelly like substance holds and protects cell's organelles

Down

outer layer of a plant cell, supports the cell
green structure found only in plant cells uses energy from sun to make food
powerhouse of cell because they release energy
cells are the basic building blocks of life in animals

9 Clues: large sac that holds food, water, and waste • outer layer of a plant cell, supports the cell • powerhouse of cell because they release energy • cells are basic building blocks of life in plants • brain of the cell, controls the cell's activities • cells are the basic building blocks of life in animals • jelly like substance holds and protects cell's organelles • ...

cells 2022-04-11

Across

/ produces energy through photosynthesis
/ Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
/ important in the production of the cells energy
/ outer layer of an animal cell

Down

/ contains important nutrients
/ makes protein in the cell
/ used as a storage area
/ provide support & protection to a plant
/ unique to a animal cell
/ responsible for direction the cells activities

10 Clues: / used as a storage area • / unique to a animal cell • / makes protein in the cell • / contains important nutrients • / outer layer of an animal cell • / produces energy through photosynthesis • / provide support & protection to a plant • / responsible for direction the cells activities • / Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell • ...

Cells 2025-02-24

Across

– A storage sac inside the cell that holds water, nutrients, or waste.
– The powerhouse of the cell that produces energy (ATP).
– The molecule that carries genetic instructions for the cell.
– The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA).
– The green organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis.

Down

– A tiny organelle that makes proteins for the cell.
– A thin protective layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
– A jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended.
– The basic unit of life found in all living organisms.
Wall – A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and structure.

10 Clues: – A tiny organelle that makes proteins for the cell. • – The basic unit of life found in all living organisms. • – The powerhouse of the cell that produces energy (ATP). • – The molecule that carries genetic instructions for the cell. • – A jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended. • ...

CELLS 2024-01-08

Across

sorts and transports protein throughout the cell
gives the cell its shape
The powerhouse of the cell
the digestive system of the cell,
The control center of the cell
handles waste products of the cell

Down

the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
the fluid that surrounds the organelle
the control center of the cell
the mailman of the cell

10 Clues: the mailman of the cell • gives the cell its shape • The powerhouse of the cell • the control center of the cell • The control center of the cell • the digestive system of the cell, • handles waste products of the cell • the fluid that surrounds the organelle • the site of protein synthesis in the cell. • sorts and transports protein throughout the cell

cells 2023-10-20

Across

material that carries genetic information in a cell
the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
organelle in which photosynthesis takes place
a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction

Down

a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
the act of dispersing something
the process by which a cell divides into two smaller cells
wall a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane
any of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms
the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

10 Clues: the act of dispersing something • a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes • organelle in which photosynthesis takes place • material that carries genetic information in a cell • the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus • any of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms • the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms • ...

cells 2025-03-31

Across

long virus cycle
houses DNA/RNA
complex cells
green chemical in plant cells

Down

have dna, require energy, and are living
have dna/rna, protein capsids, and are non-living
simple cells
short virus cycle
needs a host
powerhouse of the cell
smallest unit of living things

11 Clues: simple cells • needs a host • complex cells • houses DNA/RNA • long virus cycle • short virus cycle • powerhouse of the cell • green chemical in plant cells • smallest unit of living things • have dna, require energy, and are living • have dna/rna, protein capsids, and are non-living

Cells 2025-04-24

Across

help with cell division
cell bacteria
the garbage can of the cell
non-living

Down

location of photosynthesis
tenent of cells all organisms are made of cells
DNA & RNA
pispose of chemical waster from life process
the jelly like substance filling up the cell

9 Clues: DNA & RNA • non-living • cell bacteria • help with cell division • location of photosynthesis • the garbage can of the cell • pispose of chemical waster from life process • the jelly like substance filling up the cell • tenent of cells all organisms are made of cells

Cells 2024-03-15

Across

storage areas for the cell
separates the Nucleus from the cytoplasm
breaks down food and releases energy to the cell
directs the activity of a cell; contains chromosomes with the DNA
widely accepted explanation that explains the relationship between cells and living things

Down

a gel-like structure inside the cell; contains water and nutrients for the cell
forms the outer boundary of the cell and allows only certain materials to move into or out of the cell
wall provides structure to the plant cell
contain chlorophyll that makes food for the plant
the smallest part of any living thing

10 Clues: storage areas for the cell • the smallest part of any living thing • separates the Nucleus from the cytoplasm • wall provides structure to the plant cell • breaks down food and releases energy to the cell • contain chlorophyll that makes food for the plant • directs the activity of a cell; contains chromosomes with the DNA • ...

cells 2024-04-18

Across

membrane, a thin flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and control which substances pass in and out
a small grain shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins
a sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials
a cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles
the thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and nucleus

Down

a large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material
the basic unit of structure and function in living things
rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use
an organelle in the cells of plants that capture energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food
wall, a rigid supporting layer that surrounds cells of plants and other organisms

10 Clues: the basic unit of structure and function in living things • a large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material • a sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials • a cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles • a small grain shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins • ...

Cells 2021-09-02

Across

only found plant cells
contains enzymes that break down wastes and other materials
takes nutrients, breaks them down, and supply energy to the cell
gathers molecules and makes them more complex
found inside of the nucleus and helps produce ribosomes

Down

absorb light energy from the sun and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen
thin allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
controls all the activities of the cell
build proteins in the cell

9 Clues: only found plant cells • build proteins in the cell • controls all the activities of the cell • gathers molecules and makes them more complex • thin allows materials to pass in and out of the cell • found inside of the nucleus and helps produce ribosomes • contains enzymes that break down wastes and other materials • ...

Cells 2022-01-12

Across

the type of cell system in humans
Eukaryotic
sorts and packages proteins
jello
Control center

Down

Eukaryotic
powerhouse
the type in bacteria not a complex
like little nerds
is a small thing that makes things up

10 Clues: jello • Eukaryotic • powerhouse • Eukaryotic • Control center • like little nerds • sorts and packages proteins • the type of cell system in humans • the type in bacteria not a complex • is a small thing that makes things up

Cells 2022-01-12

Across

the type of cell system in humans
Eukaryotic
sorts and packages proteins
jello
Control center

Down

Eukaryotic
powerhouse
the type in bacteria not a complex
like little nerds
is a small thing that makes things up

Cells 2022-01-12

Across

the type of cell system in humans
Eukaryotic
sorts and packages proteins
jello
Control center

Down

Eukaryotic
powerhouse
the type in bacteria not a complex
like little nerds
is a small thing that makes things up

Cells 2022-10-05

Across

holds things together
wall/ holds up parts of the cell
make proteins
removes items that are unwanted in the cell

Down

makes the plants grow and gives them energy
Reticulum/transports materials in the cell
the central part of the cell
stores proteins
provides energy
membrane/ controls what goes in and out

10 Clues: make proteins • stores proteins • provides energy • holds things together • the central part of the cell • wall/ holds up parts of the cell • membrane/ controls what goes in and out • Reticulum/transports materials in the cell • makes the plants grow and gives them energy • removes items that are unwanted in the cell

Cells 2022-08-22

Across

powerhouse of the cell, produces energy
The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
One of several bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytosol of the cell
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

Down

An organelle containing digestive enzymes
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell

10 Clues: powerhouse of the cell, produces energy • An organelle containing digestive enzymes • A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus • A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • ...

Cells 2022-11-02

Across

German Zoologist who concluded that animals are made of cells and contributed to the cell theory
cell membrane is also known as the ______ membrane.
(2 words) Highway system of single membranous tubes and sacks. Two types: rough and smooth
all living* things are composed of ______.
German Botanist who concluded that plants are made of cells and contributed to cell theory

Down

(2 words) flattened single membranous tubes that ship proteins to their final destination
spherical organelles made of RNA and protein produced in the nucleolus
known as food vacuoles. Store nutrients and are formed when cells engulf food.
site for RNA synthesis
this organelle produces ATP from food, inherited maternally, and is known as the power house of the cell

10 Clues: site for RNA synthesis • all living* things are composed of ______. • cell membrane is also known as the ______ membrane. • spherical organelles made of RNA and protein produced in the nucleolus • known as food vacuoles. Store nutrients and are formed when cells engulf food. • ...

Cells!!! 2022-10-28

Across

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place late 19th century. mitochondria an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane.
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Down

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole.
The centeral and most importan part of a object.
a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals.
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria.

9 Clues: The centeral and most importan part of a object. • a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals. • a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. • a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. • ...

Cells!!! 2022-10-28

Across

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place late 19th century. mitochondria an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane.
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Down

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole.
The centeral and most importan part of a object.
a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals.
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Cells 2022-02-07

Across

makes sugar
is the power house of the cell
is something that contains a nucules
is living

Down

having only one cell
is a structure
is a single cell that does not have a nucelus
controls what comes in and out
having more than one cell

9 Clues: is living • makes sugar • is a structure • having only one cell • having more than one cell • is the power house of the cell • controls what comes in and out • is something that contains a nucules • is a single cell that does not have a nucelus

Cells 2022-01-21

Across

is another main type of cell
is one main type of cell
is a form of mutlicellular organisms
organisms use many different cells to carry out different functions
is a form of technology used to view cells too small to see with the naked eye

Down

is a form of unicellular organisms
is another example of multicellular organims
organisms that are made of only one cell which carries out all the function of the cell
are considered as the building blocks of life as it makes up all living organisms

9 Clues: is one main type of cell • is another main type of cell • is a form of unicellular organisms • is a form of mutlicellular organisms • is another example of multicellular organims • organisms use many different cells to carry out different functions • is a form of technology used to view cells too small to see with the naked eye • ...

cells 2022-04-21

Across

Part of the cell.
Site of phototynthasis.
Eneyms that help function.
Breaks down the cell.

Down

Lets good thing in.
Storage vesicle.
Guide Ribosomes.
The powerhouse.
Ups.

9 Clues: Ups. • The powerhouse. • Storage vesicle. • Guide Ribosomes. • Part of the cell. • Lets good thing in. • Breaks down the cell. • Site of phototynthasis. • Eneyms that help function.

cells 2023-01-25

Across

stores protein and water
cell has a nucleus
membrane holds the cell together
make protein

Down

only in eukaryotic cells
makes chemical energy for a cell
smallest part of a living animal
the cells organs
cell does not have a nucleus

9 Clues: make protein • the cells organs • cell has a nucleus • only in eukaryotic cells • stores protein and water • cell does not have a nucleus • makes chemical energy for a cell • smallest part of a living animal • membrane holds the cell together

Cells 2022-09-16

Across

Any living thing. You, me, plants, animals, fish.
Cells that make up organisms that breath oxygen
The basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells.
Cells that make up organisms that perform photosynthesis
Not a cell, cannot survive on its own.

Down

A category of organisms made up of one cell
A category of organisms made up of more than one cell and of different types of cells
One
Many, multiple

9 Clues: One • Many, multiple • Not a cell, cannot survive on its own. • A category of organisms made up of one cell • Cells that make up organisms that breath oxygen • Any living thing. You, me, plants, animals, fish. • Cells that make up organisms that perform photosynthesis • The basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells. • ...

Cells 2022-09-20

Across

provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress
generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
separates the outside and the inside
a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Down

a liquid that fills the inside of a cell
threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.
handle waste products,
the controls and regulates the activities of the cell
smallest unit of life

9 Clues: smallest unit of life • handle waste products, • separates the outside and the inside • a liquid that fills the inside of a cell • the controls and regulates the activities of the cell • a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. • provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress • ...

cells 2022-09-22

Across

provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress
controls the cell/brain
medium for chemical reaction
start of life
help sequester waste products

Down

power for the cell
lets things in and keeps things out
the digestive system of the cell
carry genetic information to be passed on from one generation to another

9 Clues: start of life • power for the cell • controls the cell/brain • medium for chemical reaction • help sequester waste products • the digestive system of the cell • lets things in and keeps things out • carry genetic information to be passed on from one generation to another • provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress

cells 2022-09-22

Across

lets things in and keeps things out
power for the cell
controls the cell/brain
the digestive system of the cell

Down

support for the cell
help sequester waste products
provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress
carry genetic information to be passed on from one generation to another
start of life

9 Clues: start of life • power for the cell • support for the cell • controls the cell/brain • help sequester waste products • the digestive system of the cell • lets things in and keeps things out • carry genetic information to be passed on from one generation to another • provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress

Cells 2026-02-17

Across

-round thing in the nucleus that makes ribosomes
membrane -surrounds the nucleus
body -processes materials for cell
membrane -A double layer that protects the cell
-Helps make protein for the cell

Down

-changes sunlight into sugar for cell
ER -builds and transports stuff in the cell
-control center of the cell
-Breaks down food to produce energy
wall -gives shape and protects inner cell

10 Clues: -control center of the cell • -Helps make protein for the cell • -Breaks down food to produce energy • -changes sunlight into sugar for cell • membrane -surrounds the nucleus • body -processes materials for cell • wall -gives shape and protects inner cell • -round thing in the nucleus that makes ribosomes • ER -builds and transports stuff in the cell • ...

Cells 2025-09-06

Across

both cells have this as its function is to make energy for the cell
The process where plants make their own food in the chloroplast of the cell.
There are many of these in animal cells, whereas there is only one in a plant cell
Both plant and animal cells have this as it controls what goes in and out of the cell
A plant cell only has one of these and it's bigger than ones you find in an animal cell because it needs lots of water to give it shape.

Down

The process that makes energy in the mitochondrion of the cell
Animal cells don't have this as animals have muscles and bones to support them
Plant cells have this extra structure because they need to make their own food
It controls the cell and DNA is found here

9 Clues: It controls the cell and DNA is found here • The process that makes energy in the mitochondrion of the cell • both cells have this as its function is to make energy for the cell • The process where plants make their own food in the chloroplast of the cell. • Animal cells don't have this as animals have muscles and bones to support them • ...

Cells 2025-08-22

Across

cells develop a function or shape
What the cell wall is made of.
Group of cells
Group of tissues
Is in a cell is to break down food to release energy

Down

Fluid filled sacs, helps keep the plant upright.
multiple cells
One cell
Group of organs
cells develop a function or shape.

10 Clues: One cell • multiple cells • Group of cells • Group of organs • Group of tissues • What the cell wall is made of. • cells develop a function or shape • cells develop a function or shape. • Fluid filled sacs, helps keep the plant upright. • Is in a cell is to break down food to release energy

Cell crossword. 2018-08-22

Across

envelope Separates the nucleus from the cell.
The jelly-like fluid that holds the cell together.
cells The new modern cells of the planet earth.
walls Found in every eukaryotic cell and surrounds the plasma membrane.
membrane Contains all the cells contents.
Takes place in the chloroplast.
The smallest living unit on the planet.
cells The first cells to be on earth and can be unicellular.
The control center of the cell.

Down

Aids in cell renewal.
Pairs of microtubular structures and plays a role in cell division.
reticulum Helps move substances within cells and is a network of interconnected membranes.
Longer projections that move in a whiplike motion.
Produces ribosomes.
Breaks down fuel molecules and releases energy.
A membrane-bound storage sac.
apparatus Packing and shipping station of the cell.
Short, numerous, hairlike projections that move in a wavelike motion.

18 Clues: Produces ribosomes. • Aids in cell renewal. • A membrane-bound storage sac. • Takes place in the chloroplast. • The control center of the cell. • The smallest living unit on the planet. • membrane Contains all the cells contents. • envelope Separates the nucleus from the cell. • cells The new modern cells of the planet earth. • Breaks down fuel molecules and releases energy. • ...

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