cells Crossword Puzzles

Introduction to the Immune System 2020-07-10

Introduction to the Immune System crossword puzzle

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Strong acid and enzymes within this organ digests microbes preventing infection
This term means a lack of immune response to a particular antigen; this is helpful in preventing the immune system from attacking the body
Monocytes develop into these phagocytic cells when they migrate into tissues.
This nonspecific barrier is covered with oily and acidic secretions from sweat and oil glands as well as enzymes that help to defend against invaders
A group of proteins that help attract phagocytic cells to invaders and help burst foreign cells
A type of B cell that is responsible for the faster antibody response that occurs when an organism has already been exposed to the antigen and has previously developed antibodies to it
Also known as plasma cells, these lymphocytes make antibodies and so are vital for humoral immunity
A Y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that binds to an antigen
Microscopic single celled organism, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease
This type of immunity does not involve antibodies; Cells directly attack cancer cells, body cells infected by viruses, and foreign tissue/material
White blood cells
An infectious agent that can only replicate inside the cells of living organisms
This type of cell is part of the innate immune system and they kill cells without the need for antigen display
This type of immunity involves the recognition and processing of an antigen such that a specific and targeted attack is made by the immune system which includes a memory response which will make future responses to that specific antigen faster and more efficient.

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something capable of causing disease
Any structure that generates an antibody response; may be pathogenic or nonpathogenic
Redness, heat, pain, swelling and loss of function are hallmarks of this protective response to injury designed to help remove the inciting cause and speed healing.
Another term that means antibody
This type of T cell, also known as a Regulatory T Cell, serves to decrease the immune response thus helping to prevent autoimmune disease
The term for the bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts that help prevent colonization of these areas by pathogenic bacteria
A term meaning cellular eating where a cell engulfs a particle such as another cell, bacteria, or foreign material.
When the body’s immune system attacks part of the body to which it should be tolerant, but isn’t
Chemical properties of the antigen activate this type of immunity which consists of nonspecific physical barriers, proteins in the blood, and certain immune system cells
A particular type of T cell that is part of the adaptive immune system; they activate B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells
Small fingerlike projections help sweep invaders up the respiratory tract keeping them from invading the lungs
This type of T cell kills damaged cells, cancer cells, and/or virus infected cells that are displaying specific antigens
This class of lymphocytes are important in cell mediated immunity
This type of immunity involves antibodies binding with antigen; it is most effective for viruses that lie outside body cells, bacteria, and toxins.

28 Clues: White blood cells • Another term that means antibody • something capable of causing disease • This class of lymphocytes are important in cell mediated immunity • A Y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that binds to an antigen • Monocytes develop into these phagocytic cells when they migrate into tissues. • ...

Tissues 2021-02-01

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Consists of 3 types of protein fibers in the matrix; collagen, elastin, and reticular. Packing material around organs providing protection and cushion, helps attach skin to lower layers of tissue
Consists of specialized cells called adipocytes appearing to be empty sacs, actually contain vacuole with ability to store large quantities of lipids
Composed of muscle fiber cells meant for contractions
Specialized cells generating/conducting electrical events, receives stimuli, conducts nerve impulses
Column shaped cells. Found in the digestive tract and in female reproductive tract
Platelets fragments from blood cells, dispersed in fluid matrix plasma. Forms blood clots to stop bleeding from blood vessel injury
Study of Tissues
Do not have ducts
Consists of large chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae with elastic fibers and thin collagen fibers dispersed throughout the matrix. Gives tissues ability to stretch and resist tearing
Red blood cells, small cells with a biconcave disc shape due to lack of nucleus dispersed in a fluid matrix called plasma. Carries oxygen, numerous in blood cells
Have ducts
that carry electrical impulses that make up a nerve impulse
Consists of collagen fibers densely packed in matrix, leaving little room for specialized cells
Thin, flat, plate-like cells allowing for easy diffusion of materials
that provide support and protection for the neurons
layer that can change their shape and fluctuate between squamous and cuboidal

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Cube shaped cells, usually with a nucleus that is proportionally larger
Consists of thin strands of bone, arranged in a lattice formation known as trabeculae interspersed throughout the matrix, containing red bone marrow producing blood cells
fibers have a single nucleus found near the center of the fibers and lack striations
Single layer of columnar cells with base of each cell occurring at same level
fibers have single nucleus found near the center of the fibers and striations running perpendicular. Make up heart walls allow heart to pump blood
Form a layer to separate tissues and organs, connect tissues to one another, store minerals, transports, protects
Consists of small chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae and thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed throughout the matrix in rows. Collagen fibers provide cushion between the intervertebral discs and joint capsules
Group together to form organs, specific functions
Consists of circular structures known as osteons. Each osteon consists of osteocytes surrounded by lacunae closely packed in a hardened matrix
Protects underlying structures, acts as barriers, permitting passages of substance, secrete substances
White blood cells, large cells with round shape due to the presence of nucleus dispersed in plasma. Defends body from harmful pathogens, only numerous when body fights infection
Consists of large chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae grouped together, dense glassy matrix, collagen fibers not visible

28 Clues: Have ducts • Study of Tissues • Do not have ducts • Group together to form organs, specific functions • that provide support and protection for the neurons • Composed of muscle fiber cells meant for contractions • that carry electrical impulses that make up a nerve impulse • Thin, flat, plate-like cells allowing for easy diffusion of materials • ...

CFA 3 Cells Review 2021-11-19

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The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.
Cells use _____________ ________ to replace dead or damaged cells and to allow multicellular organisms to grow.
From smallest to greatest is atom, molecule, cell.
A protective layer that covers the cell surface, and acts as a barrier, controlling what goes in and out the cell.
This invention helped in the discovery and advancement of the cell theory
A ___________ is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
Genetic material that provides instructions for all cell purposes.
The control center of the cell that contains the DNA.
A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function.
Small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
Almost all the energy that fuels life on Earth come from the sun.
The gel-like fluid that includes all of the organelles of the cell.
Fluid filled vesicles that may contain enzymes, nutrients, water or waste. Plant cells have one large central _____________ that stores water and gives shape to the cell.

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Made up of 2 or more atoms.
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions.
Plants and animals use ____________ _______________ to produce energy for cell processes.
Organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
All cells have a cell membrane, DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm. The single cell of a ______________ _____________ must carry out all of the functions for life.
Break down food molecules to release energy by cellular respiration.
Made up of 2 or more cells. It's cells may be specialized to perform specific functions.
An _______________ is any living thing.
A group of similar cells that perform a common function.
The green pigment contained in chloroplasts that absorbs the energy in sunlight.
______________ are found in animal cells and have digestive enzymes that help break down waste.
Lists three basic characteristics of all cells and organisms A) All organisms are made up of one or more cells B) The cell is the basic unit of all organisms C) All cells come from existing cells.
All matter is made up of these.
A rigid structure that protects and gives support and shape to plant cells.
A molecule made up of 2 or more different types of atoms.
The process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sure and oxygen.

29 Clues: Made up of 2 or more atoms. • All matter is made up of these. • Organelles where photosynthesis occurs. • An _______________ is any living thing. • From smallest to greatest is atom, molecule, cell. • The control center of the cell that contains the DNA. • A group of similar cells that perform a common function. • ...

prokaryotic cells 2014-10-23

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/ extra chromosomal DNA
/ the different result of gram staining is due to the ___ layer in cell wall
/ The size of prokaryotes are ___ than eukaryotes
/ substance in which nucleoid, ribosomes and inclusion bodies are suspended
/ Inorganic inclusion bodies contain Fe3O4 in the form of magnetite
/ gram negative cell wall are lack of
/ attachment pili
/ improves plasma membrane fluidicity of bacteria

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/ contain phospholipids and protein in a bilayer form
/ gap between plasma membrane and cell wall
/ sphere shape of prokaryotic cell
/ network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of the bacterial wall
/ rod shape of prokaryotic cells
/ cluster of flagellar at one or both ends
/ tiny and hollow projection

15 Clues: / attachment pili • / extra chromosomal DNA • / tiny and hollow projection • / rod shape of prokaryotic cells • / sphere shape of prokaryotic cell • / gram negative cell wall are lack of • / cluster of flagellar at one or both ends • / gap between plasma membrane and cell wall • / The size of prokaryotes are ___ than eukaryotes • ...

plant cells 2021-02-09

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stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
transport, package, and modify cells
provides protection for the cell
holds DNA
makes chemical energy
They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

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creates proteins
move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia.
carry out photosynthesis
involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins
aid in cell division
moves the cell
helps maintain water balance
largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production.

15 Clues: holds DNA • moves the cell • creates proteins • aid in cell division • makes chemical energy • carry out photosynthesis • helps maintain water balance • provides protection for the cell • transport, package, and modify cells • move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia. • ...

Cells crossword 2017-02-28

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hook this scientist discovered cells.
bodies sorts and packages molecules so they can be shipped.
scheiden stated that all plants are made of cells.
Reticulum tranports materials from one side to another
Schwann stated that all animals are made of cells.
is the command center of the cell
vacuole stores materials such as water in the plant cell.

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it digest large molecules.
virchow stated hat all cells are created by other cells.
goes through phtosythsis and makes sugar(guclose)
membrane is the gate keeper that regulates what comes in and goes out.
proteins are made here.
is the powerhouse of the cell and converts glucose into ATP
fills up the cell with a gel-like fluid.
vacuole stores material in animal cell.

15 Clues: proteins are made here. • it digest large molecules. • is the command center of the cell • hook this scientist discovered cells. • vacuole stores material in animal cell. • fills up the cell with a gel-like fluid. • goes through phtosythsis and makes sugar(guclose) • scheiden stated that all plants are made of cells. • Schwann stated that all animals are made of cells. • ...

Cells etc 2020-10-26

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Microorganism first letter F
Microorganism first letter B
Holds a plant cell together and gives it shape.
Makes food for the plant by photosynthesis.
Microorganism first letter V
a very tiny living thing.
Releases energy from food.

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Controls which materials enter and leave the cell
Part that controls all cell activity.
controls inherited characteristics. Found in the nucleus.
Space in the cell that stores materials
State of matter with fastest moving particles.
State of matter that is easily poured.
Jelly-like fluid which fills the cell.
State of matter with strongest forces between particles.

15 Clues: a very tiny living thing. • Releases energy from food. • Microorganism first letter F • Microorganism first letter B • Microorganism first letter V • Part that controls all cell activity. • State of matter that is easily poured. • Jelly-like fluid which fills the cell. • Space in the cell that stores materials • Makes food for the plant by photosynthesis. • ...

Plant Cells 2021-03-22

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a sac filled with water that aides in waste disposal and stores food
plant tissue that forms the outer layer of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds
the ICS mascot
cells group together to form this
plant tissue that can parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma
Cells, cells, they're made of _________
the part of the cell that keeps the bad things out and the good things in
the capitol of Washington
the part of the cell that includes all the organelles and a liquid gel

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Washington is the __________ state.
photosynthesis happens here
takes the food and converts it into energy
plant tissue that's comprised of the xylem and the phloem, the main transport system of plants
this is where a cell gives directions and stores DNA
the part of the plant cell that protects the membrane

15 Clues: the ICS mascot • the capitol of Washington • photosynthesis happens here • cells group together to form this • Washington is the __________ state. • Cells, cells, they're made of _________ • takes the food and converts it into energy • this is where a cell gives directions and stores DNA • the part of the plant cell that protects the membrane • ...

Cells Crossword 2024-05-23

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Controls the normal activities of the cell
ER, Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell
the hereditary material of the cell
powerhouse of the cell
made up of DNA molecules which code for different proteins
Bodies, Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends
Reticulum, Network of hollow membrane tubules
ER, Makes membrane lipids (steroids)

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substance enclosed by cell membrane
Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
Fluid filled sacs for storage
Helps cell maintain cell shape and movement
made of proteins
Wall, surrounds the outside of a cell
Makes ribosomes that make proteins

15 Clues: made of proteins • powerhouse of the cell • Fluid filled sacs for storage • Makes ribosomes that make proteins • substance enclosed by cell membrane • the hereditary material of the cell • ER, Makes membrane lipids (steroids) • Wall, surrounds the outside of a cell • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Helps cell maintain cell shape and movement • ...

Cells Crossword 2023-11-20

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part of the cell that has a specific job
makes protein for the cell
the control center for the cell and contains the DNA
packages and transmits cellular material throughout the cell
made up of more one cell
makes food for the plant cell
made up of one cell
gel-like fluid that surrounds the cell organelles and holds them in place

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the "powerhouse" of the cell. Breaks down food to make energy (ATP) for the cell
surrounds the plant cell and maintains cell shape and structure
digestion and waste removal
place where materials are processed and moved around inside the cell
the smallest unit of life
storage space for water, waste, food, and other cellular materials
controls what goes in and out of the cell

15 Clues: made up of one cell • made up of more one cell • the smallest unit of life • makes protein for the cell • digestion and waste removal • makes food for the plant cell • part of the cell that has a specific job • controls what goes in and out of the cell • the control center for the cell and contains the DNA • packages and transmits cellular material throughout the cell • ...

Mary cells 2023-03-30

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This organelle turns sunlight into food
Provides support, strength, and protection for the plant cell
This organelle is tiny hair-like things around the outside of the cell
Gives the cell energy
transports the protein and fats
This organelle is like a tail
This organelle function as the digestive system
Makes the protein in the cell

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All cells come from _____cells
The organelles float around in this jelly-like liquid
Carrys DNA
This organelle is bigger in a plant cell
All living things are made up of _____
Allows only certain things into the cell
The cells control center

15 Clues: Carrys DNA • Gives the cell energy • The cells control center • This organelle is like a tail • Makes the protein in the cell • All cells come from _____cells • transports the protein and fats • All living things are made up of _____ • This organelle turns sunlight into food • This organelle is bigger in a plant cell • Allows only certain things into the cell • ...

Lillian Cells 2023-03-30

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can be rough or smooth
a fluffy trap
this person discovered the first cell
plants cells have a bigger one and animal cells have more then one
only animal cells have it and most animals have something like it on their buts:)

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it enhances the color of a plant
they surprisingly do not have cells
Cells are made from _________ cells
controls the cell
animal cells don't have this
it is like a battery
the ______ cell did not come from an already existing cell
it's like a bouncer at a restaurant
its in the Title
1595 is the year that Zacharias __________ Janssen invented the compound microscope

15 Clues: a fluffy trap • its in the Title • controls the cell • it is like a battery • can be rough or smooth • animal cells don't have this • it enhances the color of a plant • they surprisingly do not have cells • Cells are made from _________ cells • it's like a bouncer at a restaurant • this person discovered the first cell • the ______ cell did not come from an already existing cell • ...

Cells Organelles 2023-04-03

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garage sale
has bumps
liquid inside
garbage/waste collector
outside of the cell
makes the cell shift
The engery in a cell is from
strands on the cell
The intelligence of the cell

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flat suruce
This orign monitors
meat contains protein
post office
emergency room
structure that make up cells

15 Clues: has bumps • flat suruce • garage sale • post office • liquid inside • emergency room • This orign monitors • outside of the cell • strands on the cell • makes the cell shift • meat contains protein • garbage/waste collector • structure that make up cells • The engery in a cell is from • The intelligence of the cell

Cells crossword 2021-05-12

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large storage container
the liquid in a cell
the simplest living form
wrote micrographia
commander of the cell
building block of a cell
break down food to create power
compact lens

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create power in a plant cell
small storage containers
and organelle floating in cytoplasm
able to re-produce
shapes the plant cell
allows access to the cell
wrote by Robert Hooke

15 Clues: compact lens • able to re-produce • wrote micrographia • the liquid in a cell • shapes the plant cell • wrote by Robert Hooke • commander of the cell • large storage container • small storage containers • the simplest living form • building block of a cell • allows access to the cell • create power in a plant cell • break down food to create power • and organelle floating in cytoplasm

Midterm cells 2024-12-12

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Outer boundary of the cell
Makes protein
outside the membrane is the
Transports within the cell- endoplasmic
Packaging and exporting
Interior of the cell
The first man to see cells
Breaks down substances
Stores water

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Control center
Maintains the cell’s shape
thin polar membrane
Powerhouse of the cell
Tail like structure that moves the cell
Tool used to view cells

15 Clues: Stores water • Makes protein • Control center • thin polar membrane • Interior of the cell • Powerhouse of the cell • Breaks down substances • Tool used to view cells • Packaging and exporting • Outer boundary of the cell • Maintains the cell’s shape • The first man to see cells • outside the membrane is the • Transports within the cell- endoplasmic • ...

Cells Crossword 2025-07-08

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The part of the cell that contains the DNA and controls the cell's activities. Also sometimes thought of as the “brain” of the cell.
A stiff outer layer that supports plant cells, but is not found in animal cells.
The part of a plant cell that uses sunlight to make food.
A tool used to see very small things like cells.
An organism made of only one cell; example: bacteria.
The jelly-like substance inside a cell.
A group of organs working together.
A part of the body made of tissues that does a specific job like the heart or lungs.

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A storage space in the cell for water, food, and waste.
An organism made of many cells like humans.
The thin outer layer that surrounds and protects the cell.
The smallest unit of life that all living things are made of.
A living thing like a plant, animal, or person.
The powerhouse of the cell that generates energy.
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

15 Clues: A group of organs working together. • The jelly-like substance inside a cell. • An organism made of many cells like humans. • A living thing like a plant, animal, or person. • A tool used to see very small things like cells. • The powerhouse of the cell that generates energy. • An organism made of only one cell; example: bacteria. • ...

About Cells! 2023-01-22

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disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth.
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
threadlike structure within nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed from generation to next.
region of chromosomes where the two sister chromatids attach.
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
Reproduction, production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists DNA.
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

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structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
first and longest phase of mitosis.
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome.
Cycle, series of events in which a cell grows prepares for division and divides into two daughter cells.
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions.
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.

15 Clues: first and longest phase of mitosis. • period of the cell cycle between cell divisions. • substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists DNA. • region of chromosomes where the two sister chromatids attach. • division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. • one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome. • ...

Y7 Cells 2025-11-26

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found in the leaves of plants. do photosynthesis
controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
transport oxygen around the body
contains chlorophyll (a green pigment)
have tiny hairs sweep mucus containing dust and bacteria away from the lungs
controls the cell's activities
found inside the nucleus

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contains cell sap
fertilise egg cells
where chemical reactions occur
found in plants. Absorb water and mineral from the soil
gets fertilised by a sperm. develops into an embryo.
transmit electrical signals around the body
mixture of sugar salt and water.
provides support and a rigid structure to the cell

15 Clues: contains cell sap • fertilise egg cells • found inside the nucleus • where chemical reactions occur • controls the cell's activities • transport oxygen around the body • mixture of sugar salt and water. • contains chlorophyll (a green pigment) • transmit electrical signals around the body • found in the leaves of plants. do photosynthesis • ...

Cells Vocabulary 2025-11-20

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There is a small and larger version
A type of tissue that covers body surfaces, lines organs, and forms protective barriers; also
Filters blood
Help you breath
Tissue that contracts and relaxes to produce movement; includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Helps with digestion in the stomach
The control center of your body

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Holds your urine
Tissue that receives and sends electrical signals; makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Tissue that supports, connects, or separates other tissues and organs; contains an extracellular
Produces white blood cells
Removes waste in your body
Breaks down digested food
What moves blood throughout your body
in absorption, secretion, and sensation

15 Clues: Filters blood • Help you breath • Holds your urine • Breaks down digested food • Produces white blood cells • Removes waste in your body • The control center of your body • There is a small and larger version • Helps with digestion in the stomach • What moves blood throughout your body • in absorption, secretion, and sensation • ...

Specialised cells 2026-01-27

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Thin, flat cells forming a single layer in alveoli and capillaries, reducing diffusion distance for rapid gas exchange (9,10,5)
Structural feature that increases the rate of absorption in root hair cells (5,7)
Organelles containing chlorophyll that absorb light energy for photosynthesis in palisade cells (12)
Organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes for digesting pathogens during phagocytosis (10)
Motile structure that propels sperm cells towards the egg (9)
Cells with a flagellum, many mitochondria and an acrosome, adapted for movement towards and penetration of the egg (5,5)
Plant cells with long extensions and thin walls, increasing surface area for water absorption by osmosis and mineral ion uptake by active transport (4,4,5)

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Paired epidermal cells with unevenly thickened walls that change shape when turgid or flaccid to regulate gas exchange and water loss (5,5)
Shape that increases surface area to volume ratio and shortens diffusion distance in red blood cells (9)
Elongated leaf cells packed with chloroplasts near the upper surface, maximising light absorption and reducing diffusion distance for carbon dioxide (8,9,5)
White blood cells with a multi lobed nucleus and many lysosomes, enabling movement through capillary walls and phagocytosis of pathogens (11)
Nuclear structure allowing neutrophils to squeeze through capillary walls during diapedesis (4,5)
Red blood cells with a biconcave shape and no nucleus, maximising surface area and space for haemoglobin in oxygen transport (12)
Structural feature that provides more space for haemoglobin in erythrocytes (2,7)
Cells lining the airways with surface cilia whose coordinated beating moves mucus and trapped pathogens (7,10,5)

15 Clues: Motile structure that propels sperm cells towards the egg (9) • Structural feature that increases the rate of absorption in root hair cells (5,7) • Structural feature that provides more space for haemoglobin in erythrocytes (2,7) • Organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes for digesting pathogens during phagocytosis (10) • ...

Blood Cells! 2026-02-10

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Blood cells that are responsible for triggering the adaptive immune response.
The alternate form of 13 Across when found in bone marrow or blood vessels.
The rarest type of blood cell that releases histamine to increase permeability of blood vessels.
The most common type of white blood cell.
A type of lymphocyte that records instances of infection by specific antigens.
Fragments of blood cells responsible for causing scabbing.
Another common phagocyte that is capable of presenting antigens.
A blood cell present in adaptive immune responses that releases liposomal granules to destroy pathogens.
Blood cells that carry oxygen.

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A roaming lymphocyte that can destroy cells without requiring prior sensitisation.
An extremely rare type of phagocyte that specialises at dealing with parasitic infections.
An insoluble protein present in scabs.
A large blood cell that produces platelets.
The type of T cell responsible for preventing immune responses on non-foreign substances.
Blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign cells.

15 Clues: Blood cells that carry oxygen. • An insoluble protein present in scabs. • The most common type of white blood cell. • A large blood cell that produces platelets. • Blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign cells. • Fragments of blood cells responsible for causing scabbing. • Another common phagocyte that is capable of presenting antigens. • ...

Cells & Viruses 2026-04-04

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Quick and easy to break down sugars
Genetic material made up of nucleic acids
Produces ATP or energy for a cell
Makes up fatty acids
Helps a plant produce its own food
Holds genetic material
Makes proteins and both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have it

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Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Amino acids are the building blocks
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Protects the genetic material in a virus
Example of prokaryote
Nonliving and needs host cell to survive
Basic unit of life
Building blocks of DNA

15 Clues: Basic unit of life • Makes up fatty acids • Example of prokaryote • Building blocks of DNA • Holds genetic material • Produces ATP or energy for a cell • Helps a plant produce its own food • Amino acids are the building blocks • Quick and easy to break down sugars • No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Protects the genetic material in a virus • ...

Cells crossword 2026-06-05

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part of photosynthesis they contain chlorophyll
a colorless plant organelle
the control center of the cell
a protective barrier that controls the movement
powerhouse of the cell
the vacuum of the cell
molecular machine that is responsible for synthesizing and building proteins
small membrane-bound organelles in almost all eukaryotic cells

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apparatus the sorting center that prepares molecules to be transported inside
the cells recycling center
wall a rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection
protein filaments that extends though the cytoplasm of a cell
the jelly-like substance inside the cell
a organelle in the animal cell that acts as the main MTOC
a network of membranes that helps produce and transport proteins

15 Clues: powerhouse of the cell • the vacuum of the cell • the cells recycling center • a colorless plant organelle • the control center of the cell • the jelly-like substance inside the cell • part of photosynthesis they contain chlorophyll • a protective barrier that controls the movement • a organelle in the animal cell that acts as the main MTOC • ...

Stem Cells - Part 2 2013-01-16

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nuclear messenger that can pathologically accumulate with increased genetic damage to the cell
large tumor consisting of multiple germ layers, result of transplanting undifferentiated stem cells
cell capable of forming a new tumor
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells
name of chromosome found in HSC derivaties of CML leukemia patients
If a transplant attacks the patients tissues and organ it is said to result in this type of disease
accumulation of these in a somatic cell lineage causes cancer
alternative source of stem cells that posses intermediate qualities between embryonic and adult stem cells
type of cancer that does not follow the stem cell model, does not show hierarchical structure
type of stem cell that can produce all cell and tissue types, ethically controversial
Routine but risky transplant used for several blood disorders

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high expression of this enzyme is responsible for limitless replicative potential of cancer cells
a controversial stem cell marker that correlates with tumorgenicity and stemness
process by which a non stem cell is differentiated into a different type of cell using varying transcription factors
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells
one of the four iPS inducing genes that carries a risk of cancer
tumor supressor protein that, when mutated, causes cancer cells to evade apoptosis
type of stem cells that are rare and difficult to culture
stem cells created using retroviruses transducing specific "Yamanka" genes, reverting it back to a pluripotent state.
a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells
a laboratory technique for creating a clone embryo in which a somatic nucleus is fused with a denucleated egg cell
comples in the Wnt signaling pathway that is usually the first to mutate
process by which sperm fertilizes an egg outside the body
type of transporter highly expressed in both cancer stem cells and tissue stem cells
another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells

25 Clues: cell capable of forming a new tumor • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • another gene transduced by retrovirus in iPS Cells • type of stem cells that are rare and difficult to culture • process by which sperm fertilizes an egg outside the body • ...

Chapter 7 Vocab 2015-11-08

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Co-founder of the cell theory, concluded that all animals are made of cells
Rod shaped bacteria
Spiral shaped bacteria
up word definitions
Very basic unicellular eukaryotic cells
Organelle in which the processes of respiration and energy production occur
Thrives in chemicals
Finalized the cell theory and recognized Leukemia cells for the first time
Semipermeable, embedded with proteins, carbs and cholesterol, controls the flow of substances in and out of cell
Food producing organelle found only in plants
Helps the cell divide to reproduce
"Animal-like" protist
He made over 500 single lens microscopes, discovered bacteria and algea
Located on rough ER, serve as the site of protein synthesis, link amino acids together
Scientist who concluded that cells are not empty, but filled with a fluid called cytoplasm
"Stomach" of eukaryotic cells, organelle which contains digestive enzymes
Organelle that isolates materials which may be harmful or a threat to the cell

Down

Lack organs, can reproduce sexually or asexually, more related to animals than plants
Creates proteins, smooth and rough, rough has ribosomes on it
Contains DNA, surrounded by a double membrane, control center of a cell, "Nuclear Envelope"
Co-founder of the cell theory, concluded that all plants are made of cells
Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Contains DNA or RNA, cannot reproduce without a host, NOT MADE OF CELLS
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes involved in secretion and intracellular transport
Thrives in extreme temperatures, uses high temperatures for heat
He used the compound light microscope to look at nonliving cells in a cork from a plant stem
Archaebacteria which likes salt
Evolved cells that use photosynthesis
He discovered the nucleus
"Plant-like" protist
Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Sphere shaped bacteria

32 Clues: Rod shaped bacteria • up word definitions • Thrives in chemicals • "Plant-like" protist • "Animal-like" protist • Spiral shaped bacteria • Sphere shaped bacteria • He discovered the nucleus • Archaebacteria which likes salt • Helps the cell divide to reproduce • Evolved cells that use photosynthesis • Very basic unicellular eukaryotic cells • ...

Exam #2: BHS 316 2023-11-14

Across

The _____ is guarding the groove of the MHC molecule.
_____ proteins are responsible making sure CTLA-4 and PD-1 function properly to help decommission T cells as a negative immune regulator.
Unlike B cells, T cells cannot undergo ______ to change the affinity of their TCRs for their cognate antigen.
_____ co-receptors will only clip onto class I MHC molecules.
Activated _____ cells recruit their own replacements.
Lymphoid follicles are specialized regions of _____ lymphoid organs in which B cells percolate through a lattice of follicular dendritic cells.
_____ co-receptors will only clip onto class II MHC molecules.
What type of antibodies does a virgin B cell mainly produce when first activated?
What type of cytokines will help you when you are attacked by fungi or extracellular bacteria?
______ that bind to Class II molecules are longer than those that occupy the closed groove of class I molecules.
T cells require extensive receptor _____ by MHC peptide complexes.

Down

signaling involves clustering ____ together in one area of the T cell surface.
In response to antigens, virgin B cells can be activated with minimal help from the T cell. This is known as T cell - ______.
Dendritic cells function as a _____ between the innate and adaptive systems.
An external region which binds to a molecule, involved in transmembrane proteins.
What type of antibody is least abundant in the human body?
What type of cytokine is responsible for instructing the innate and adaptive systems to mobilize cells and produce antibodies that are effective against invaders?
Movement of the immune system through a lymph node is orchestrated by up and downregulation of chemokine receptors and _____.
_____ is made of a heavy chain and a light chain.
The ____ region of an antibody determines both its class and its function.
Antibody class switching is controlled by the ____ that B cells encounter to switch place.
What type of B cell produces one kind of BC or antibody?

22 Clues: _____ is made of a heavy chain and a light chain. • The _____ is guarding the groove of the MHC molecule. • Activated _____ cells recruit their own replacements. • What type of B cell produces one kind of BC or antibody? • What type of antibody is least abundant in the human body? • _____ co-receptors will only clip onto class I MHC molecules. • ...

Blood Crossword 2024-02-28

Across

These cells are found in the bone marrow that responsible for the everyday production and release of platelets.
The positive or negative sign in blood groups. It is a protein on the surface of red blood cells.
Scientific name for white blood cell (or immune cells).
This blood group has the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells and contains antibodies against the B antigen.
During blood transfusions, if the wrong blood group is given, blood can clump together.
This blood group has both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells and does not contain any antibodies against either A or B antigen. Known as the "universal receiver."
This blood group has the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells and contains antibodies against the A antigen.
The type of this determines which blood types may be safely donated during a blood transfusion.
The movement of cells, particularly white blood cells, through the walls of capillaries into tissue due to damage, infection, or inflammation.
This blood group does not has either A or B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, but does contain antibodies against both A and B antigens. Known as the "universal donor."

Down

This process is when blood changes from a liquid state to a semi-solid state. Also known as clotting.
Scientific name for red blood cell.
Blood cell formation.
If incompatible blood is given in a blood transfusion, it may negatively affect these organs, which help filter blood.
Protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
This process is stopping the bleeding of a damaged blood vessel.
A crawling-like movement in which cells form temporary cytoplasmic projections (like feet).
Main protein involved in blood clotting.
This is made up of water, coagulants, proteins, electrolytes, and immunoglobulins.
A type of blood cell to help with clot formation to stop bleeding.

20 Clues: Blood cell formation. • Scientific name for red blood cell. • Main protein involved in blood clotting. • Protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. • Scientific name for white blood cell (or immune cells). • This process is stopping the bleeding of a damaged blood vessel. • A type of blood cell to help with clot formation to stop bleeding. • ...

HEMA311 2025-12-09

Across

– Maturation into specialized form.
– Oval-shaped red blood cell.
– Greenish tumor of myeloid cells.
– Blood in urine.
– Increased platelet count.
– Immature neutrophil.
– Nucleated red cell precursor.
– Directed movement of cells.
– Formation of all blood cells.
– Reduced bone marrow activity.
– Malignancy of plasma cells.
– Dense granules in leukocytes.
– Increased red blood cell mass.
– Later granulocyte precursor.
– Precursor cell before monocyte.
– Immature granulocyte precursor.
– Rapid increase in number of cells.
– Variation in red cell shapes.
– Excess nuclear lobes in neutrophils.
– Cell ingestion of particles.
– Increased eosinophils.
– Increased neutrophils.
– Excess fibrous connective tissue formation.
– Abnormal red blood cell formation.
– Increased granulocytes.
– Fibrous replacement of bone marrow.
– Passage of cells through vessel walls.
– Abnormally large red blood cells.
– Enlarged abnormal red cell precursor.
– Compulsive consumption of ice.
– Protein responsible for storing iron.
– Immature monocyte precursor.
– Elevated lymphocytes.
– Decreased white blood cells.
– Decrease in all blood cell types.
– Malignancy of blood-forming tissues.
(45 words)
– Inherited disorder affecting globin chain production.
– Iron-storage pigment.
– Fragmented red blood cell.
– Uncontrolled cell death.
– Programmed cell death.
– Increased monocytes.
– Enlarged spleen.
– Immature lymphoid precursor.
– Round red blood cell lacking central pallor.
– Iron deposition in tissues.
– Inherited hypolobulated neutrophil.
– Elevated basophils.
– Bluish immature red blood cells.
– Genetic iron overload disorder.

Down

– Presence of unusually small red blood cells.
– Tissue macrophage.
– Decreased lymphocytes.
– Disorders of hemoglobin structure.
– Abnormal blood cell maturation.
– Red cell with slit-like pallor.
– Red blood cell precursor containing iron granules.
– Burr cell with uniform projections.
– Platelet disorder with giant platelets.
– Production of red blood cells.
– Enzyme in myeloid cells used for staining.
– Target cell with bull’s-eye appearance.
– Malignancy of lymphoid tissue.
– Immature red blood cell.
– Nucleated developing RBC.
– Disorder with giant lysosomal granules.
– Destruction of red blood cells.
– Disorder of heme metabolism.
– Spiculated red blood cell.
– Elevated bilirubin in blood.
– Enlarged liver.
– Yellowing of skin from excess bilirubin.
– Low red blood cell or hemoglobin level.
– Excessive red blood cell production.
– Mature plasma cell.
– Enzyme stain for leukocyte differentiation.
– Abnormal cellular development.
– Craving for non-food items.
– Accumulation of abnormal cells in tissue.
– Decreased neutrophils.
– Pale red blood cells due to decreased hemoglobin.
– Granule-rich early precursor.
– Lipid stain used for myeloid cells.
– Decreased platelet count.
– Teardrop-shaped red blood cell.
– Developing granulocyte precursor.
– Color shift of mast cell granules.
– Iron-containing mature red blood cell.
– Earliest recognizable RBC precursor.
– Variation in red cell sizes.
– Elevated white blood cell count.
– Spoon-shaped fingernails indicating iron deficiency.

93 Clues: (45 words) • – Blood in urine. • – Enlarged liver. • – Enlarged spleen. • – Tissue macrophage. • – Mature plasma cell. • – Elevated basophils. • – Immature neutrophil. • – Increased monocytes. • – Elevated lymphocytes. • – Iron-storage pigment. • – Decreased lymphocytes. • – Increased eosinophils. • – Increased neutrophils. • – Decreased neutrophils. • – Programmed cell death. • ...

anatomy tissue vocab 2025-11-07

Across

single layer of epithelial cells
connective tissue providing more elasticity than rigidity found in vessels
unstructured material that fills the space between the cells in connective tissue, contain fibers
A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and does not contain any blood or nerves.
Loose connective tissue dominated by adipocytes -which store fat and insulate body
calcified connective tissue
tall thick epithelial cells, absorb nutrients, produce secretions, elliptical nuclei
nerve cell the basic building block of the nervous system
type of cartilage that covers the ends of bones joining ribcage forming nose
cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, good at withstanding pressure such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.
A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended.
red blood cells
bone tissue found in heads of long bones and inner layer of long bones with space for bone marrow.
blood clotting cell fragments
Type of cartilage that has a little bit of flexibility; found on the external ear
thinner fiber proteins found in connective tissue
one layer of epithelial cells with different shapes and sizes

Down

connective tissue with regularly organized high density collagen bundles in tendons and ligaments
white blood cells
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move
bone tissue that is dense with no visible spaces
composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete hormones and other substances.
connective tissue with irregular fibers arranged erratically, found in places with tension in all directions (skin).
connective tissue with fewer fibers, more cells, more ground substance
cells cube shaped epithelial cells, absorb nutrients, produce secretions,
provide support and structure to the otherwise shapeless ground substance
Voluntary muscle pulls on bones and causes body movements. Striated and multi-nucleated
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body. lacks striation, uninucleate.
layer consisting of several layers of epithelial cells
cells flat epithelial cells, fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes
Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Serves as a protective barrier, secretes substances, and absorbs substances
specialized muscle tissue found only in the heart. involuntary, striated, uninucleate, branched
abundant strong fiber protein found in connective tissue
that senses stimuli and transmits signals.
glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
short fine collagen fibers with extra glycoprotein, form supportive nets in connective tissue
tissue that provides support for your body and connects all its parts
loose connective tissue not composed of collagen & elastin, supports development of and storage of blood cells.
loose connective tissue most common found with epithelial tissue
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

40 Clues: red blood cells • white blood cells • calcified connective tissue • blood clotting cell fragments • single layer of epithelial cells • that senses stimuli and transmits signals. • bone tissue that is dense with no visible spaces • thinner fiber proteins found in connective tissue • layer consisting of several layers of epithelial cells • ...

Sompayrac Chapter 1 2022-01-19

Across

Name of structure where an IgG binds to a cell surface (two words)
Vesicle that a bacterium is engulfed in when a macrophage discovers it
Protein that is found in both the "hands" and "tail" regions of IgG antibody (two words)
Immature macrophage cell that just left the bone marrow and entered the blood
Second line of defense after the first line is breached (three words)
The type of cells that line the inside of capillaries
The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words)
"Test batch" of antibodies (three words)
Also known as the secondary lymphoid organ, this organ acts as a station to drop off the cargo that is invaders for B and T cells to attack and get rid of (two words).
Antibody-like-molecule on the surface of T cells that is made by modular design strategy
The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules
Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words)
The disease Edward Jenner vaccinated the English from in the 1790s
Destroys virus-infected cells by making contact with the cell and "assisting its suicide" (three words)
Third line of defense that helps protect vertebrates from almost any invader
Digestive vesicle of cells that contains enzymes that could kill the host cell if released
The "tail" of an IgG antibody that can bind to receptors on cell surfaces (two words)
The display of these proteins are only intended for the enlightenment of helper T cells; alerts of a problem outside of cells (three words, last one abbreviated)
The disease that was collected from pus so Edward Jenner could inoculate James Phipps
First line of defense against invaders (two words)
A protein that "presents" information for T cells to "view" about cells (three words)
Protein that is only found in the "hands" region of IgG antibody (two words)
the process of only replicating B cells when their cognate antigen is found as to not waste space and resources to fight against invaders not currently in the body (two words)

Down

Utilizes "one for me, one for you" process while replicating (2 words)
The agent that causes an antibody to be made
Prototype antibody (two words)
Special proteins that circulate the blood of immunized individuals
Directs action through secreting cytokines that have dramatic effects on other immune system cells (three words)
Stops a virus from entering/reproducing within a cell
Type of binding that occurs after a helper T cell binds to a class II MHC molecule displaying a cognate antigen
what antibodies do to an invader, "to prepare for eating"
Hormone-like messenger that facilitate communication between the cells of the immune system
Found on most cells surfaces of the body, informs T cells about what is going on inside the cell (three words, last one abbreviated)
The process of consuming and digesting cells and invaders
White blood cells that are born in the bone marrow and can mature to become antibody factories
"Leftover" B and T cells from an attack that are more numerous than inexperienced B and T cells and are easier to activate to help defend from following attacks.
Helps keep the immune system from overreacting (three words)
The molecule that fits the Fab region of a B cell receptor (two words)
A sentinel that mostly is in a dormant state that lives in endothelial cells and recruits the rest of the innate immune system upon an infiltration

39 Clues: Prototype antibody (two words) • "Test batch" of antibodies (three words) • The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words) • The agent that causes an antibody to be made • Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words) • First line of defense against invaders (two words) • The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules • ...

Immunology 2025-04-01

Across

Tc or Th recognize the antigen presented on surface of APC, stimulates the proliferation of Tc or Th clones and memory cells
accumulation of fluid-neutrophils enter site and phagocytose any cell debris or bacteria, 3rd stage of inflammation
WBC migrate towards a chemical stimulus
immunity that is Antibody mediated (B cells )
Inflammation signal that causes cells to migrate to the area, 1st step of phagocytosis
plasma-like liquid carried by the lymphatic system
also known as Tc cells, Carry out attacks
Changes in vasculature-vasoconstriction and calls immune cells to area, 1st stage of inflammation
englufed vesicles fuses with vesicle containing digestive fluid, 4th step in phagocytosis
Stimulates a primary response and a memory response, Primes the immune system for future exposure to a virulent pathogen.
All purpose phagocytic cells that engulf and kills bacteria, it is the primary component of pus.
Lives in certain tissue for their whole life ex: Alveolar-lung, dendritic cells- skin, kupffer cells - liver
antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta: or to infant in her milk
Injection of immune serum (Gamma Globulin)
monomer in plasma, dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to the epithelia
also known as Th cells, secretes interleukins, attracts and stimulates activity of other immune cells, coordination of both cellular and humoral immunity
Monomer, 80% circulating, crosses placenta to fetus, 2 degree immune response.
develop in the bone marrow
debris given off from the cell, 6th step in phagocytosis
substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers and immune response
bacteria eaten and taken into vesicle, 3rd step in phagocytosis
inflammation of the meninges
Monomer, B cell membrane antigen receptor
Key signs include; redness, warmth, swelling and pain
Another word for antibodies, Defensive protein in blood plasma and body secretions:4 polypeptide chains
Movement of WBC from the blood into tissue
also known as Tm cells, provide immunity from future exposure to antigen
2nd step of phagocytosis, pattern recognition receptors identify and stick to foreign cells
Immunity that is cell-mediated ( T cells)

Down

Vaccine; dead or attenuated pathogens
a network of connecgtive tissues that support cells of the body and provides a passsageway between tissues and organs
When reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness
Foreign cells are broken into small pieces, 5th step in phagocytosis
Fluid leaks from cells and blood vessels
Infection; contact with a pathogen
Cell bound antigens (Clumping)
filters blood, removes old RBC from circulation, storage site for blood
return to healthy tissue, the 4th stage of inflammation
Cells of the immune system that digest foreign cells and particles and place pieces of them on their own surfaces in such a way that other cells of the immune system recognize them.
small encapsulated, bean-shaped organs, that cluster along lymphatic vessels, theres a high number in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
a small gland partly in the neck and partly in the thorax
Decreased permeability of the walls of blood vessels in the brain, restricting access to that compartment.
Monomer, on mast cells, stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils
Pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1 degree immune response
Abnormally elevated body temperature.
26 Plasma proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses
Immunity directed against a particular pathogen
2nd stage of inflammation vasodilation increase blood flow bring immune components fluid leaks into extracellular area
Mature in the thymus
- pathogen associated molecular patterns - considered red flags
Small protein produced by WBC and tissue cells

51 Clues: Mature in the thymus • develop in the bone marrow • inflammation of the meninges • Cell bound antigens (Clumping) • Infection; contact with a pathogen • Vaccine; dead or attenuated pathogens • Abnormally elevated body temperature. • WBC migrate towards a chemical stimulus • Fluid leaks from cells and blood vessels • also known as Tc cells, Carry out attacks • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab crossword puzzle

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

46 Clues: An immune response • A larger amoeboid cell • Highly reactive proteins • Protein to fight off diseases • Vessels leaving the lymph nodes • The outer layer of lymphoid tissue • A set of primitive cells (2 words) • Common type of antibody (3 letters) • In the tissue of the tongue (2 words) • Where blood enters the spleen (2 words) • Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words) • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

Sompayrac Chapter 1 2022-01-19

Across

The process of consuming and digesting cells and invaders
Third line of defense that helps protect vertebrates from almost any invader
Hormone-like messenger that facilitate communication between the cells of the immune system
Type of binding that occurs after a helper T cell binds to a class II MHC molecule displaying a cognate antigen
A sentinel that mostly is in a dormant state that lives in endothelial cells and recruits the rest of the innate immune system upon an infiltration
Protein that is only found in the "hands" region of IgG antibody (two words)
Makes it its business to eat invaders (2 words)
The display of these proteins are only intended for the enlightenment of helper T cells; alerts of a problem outside of cells (three words, last one abbreviated)
the process of only replicating B cells when their cognate antigen is found as to not waste space and resources to fight against invaders not currently in the body (two words)
Antibody-like-molecule on the surface of T cells that is made by modular design strategy
Digestive vesicle of cells that contains enzymes that could kill the host cell if released
Destroys virus-infected cells by making contact with the cell and "assisting its suicide" (three words)
Found on most cells surfaces of the body, informs T cells about what is going on inside the cell (three words, last one abbreviated)
The disease that was collected from pus so Edward Jenner could inoculate James Phipps
A protein that "presents" information for T cells to "view" about cells (three words)
The type of cells that line the inside of capillaries
The disease Edward Jenner vaccinated the English from in the 1790s
The agent that causes an antibody to be made
Second line of defense after the first line is breached (three words)

Down

Directs action through secreting cytokines that have dramatic effects on other immune system cells (three words)
Also known as the secondary lymphoid organ, this organ acts as a station to drop off the cargo that is invaders for B and T cells to attack and get rid of (two words).
Helps keep the immune system from overreacting (three words)
White blood cells that are born in the bone marrow and can mature to become antibody factories
"Test batch" of antibodies (three words)
Protein that is found in both the "hands" and "tail" regions of IgG antibody (two words)
First line of defense against invaders (two words)
Name of structure where an IgG binds to a cell surface (two words)
Stops a virus from entering/reproducing within a cell
The "tail" of an IgG antibody that can bind to receptors on cell surfaces (two words)
Utilizes "one for me, one for you" process while replicating (2 words)
what antibodies do to an invader, "to prepare for eating"
"Leftover" B and T cells from an attack that are more numerous than inexperienced B and T cells and are easier to activate to help defend from following attacks.
Immature macrophage cell that just left the bone marrow and entered the blood
Prototype antibody (two words)
Special proteins that circulate the blood of immunized individuals
The "hand" of an IgG antibody (two words)
Vesicle that a bacterium is engulfed in when a macrophage discovers it
The molecule that fits the Fab region of a B cell receptor (two words)
The only cells that can make class II MHC molecules

Nutrition & Transport in Plants 2024-06-15

Nutrition & Transport in Plants crossword puzzle

Across

xylems cells are dead at maturity, so no protoplasm and cross-walls to ______ waterflow through lumen
irregularly shaped cells that allow for gaseous exchange in the leaf
the phloem transports _______ from leaves to other parts of the plant
light ____________ point is where rate of respiration = rate of photosynthesis
companion cells contain many ____________ to carry out respiration and release energy for active transport of manufactured food substances from photosynthesis
in the night, K+ ions move out of guard cells via diffusion, so water moves out of guard cells to neighbouring cells via osmosis, causing the guard cells to become _______, closing the stoma
the transport of food in the phloem tissue
the pores in the sieve plates allow for _____________ flow of food substances through the sieve tubes
during the day, guard cells photosynthesise and energy is used to pump K+ ions into guard cells via active transport, so water from neighbouring cells enter via osmosis, causing the guard cells to swell and become ______, opening the stoma
root hair cell has long and narrow protrusion to increase _______ ____ __ ______ _____ for rapid absorption of water and minerals
upper epidermis and lower epidermis are single layers of closely-packed cells that function to protect the leaf from ________ ______
inner walls of xylem are deposited with ______ to strengthen walls and provide support
a phenomenon that occurs due to excessive transpiration, where plant cells become flaccid and leaves fold up to reduce water loss
spongy mesophyll cells are covered in a thin film of ________ to allow carbon dioxide to dissolve in it
the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves through diffusion; a consequence of gaseous exchange in plants for photosynthesis to occur
a transparent layer that coats the upper epidermis of the leaf
root hair cell has many mitochondria to fuel more ______ for active transport of mineral salts into root hair cell
tightly packed, regularly shaped cells that are the main site of photosynthesis in the leaf
bean-shaped cells that surround the stomata to control the opening and closing of the stomata
water enters root hair cells and subsequently the xylem via _______
cuticle is waxy and waterproof to reduce _____ ____ through evaporation from the leaf

Down

mineral salts enter root hair cells via diffusion or ______ _________
the xylem transports water and _______ _____ from roots to other parts of the plant
spongy mesophyll contains large _____________ ___ ______ to allow for quick diffusion of gases like carbon dioxide into all photosynthetic cells
phloem is made up of sieve tube elements and companion cells, where the sieve tube has porous walls in between each sieve tube element called _____ ______
the process in which green plants trap light energy and converts it into chemical energy for the formation of carbohydrates and its subsequent uses
a factor that directly affects the process; by increasing its amount, it increases the rate of process
at a constant temperature and carbon dioxide concentration, the rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity until it reaches a plateau, where light intensity becomes the limiting factor; this is called the light __________ point
spongy mesophyll contains the ________ ______, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues that are responsible for the transport of substances in the plant
root hair cell ____ ___ contains sugars, amino acids and mineral salts and that its water potential is lower than that of soil solution, to drive water potential gradient for osmosis
palisade mesophyll contains the most number of ____________ among the tissue in the leaf to increase absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis (hint: organelle)
the site of gaseous exchange in plants
the pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy
photosynthesis is a process that is highly dependent on _______, thus rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature

34 Clues: the site of gaseous exchange in plants • the transport of food in the phloem tissue • the pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy • a transparent layer that coats the upper epidermis of the leaf • water enters root hair cells and subsequently the xylem via _______ • irregularly shaped cells that allow for gaseous exchange in the leaf • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

glands 2024-05-17

Across

The process by which cells release substances from their intracellular vesicles into the extracellular space.
Flying mammal
Refers to the system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes in the body.
Large marsupial
Refers to substances that are released from cells or glands into the extracellular space.
Man's best friend
The process by which cells take in substances from the external environment by engulfing them in the cell membrane.
vesicles: Intracellular vesicles that merge with the cell membrane during exocytosis to release their contents into the extracellular space.
The process by which cells take in substances from the external environment by engulfing them in the cell membrane.
exocytosis: The continuous release of substances from cells, which occurs in most cells to maintain cell membrane integrity.
exocytosis: The release of substances from cells in response to a signal, such as the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells.
A type of secretion in which substances are released from a cell by exocytosis without any loss of cytoplasm.
Has a trunk
aggregates: Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body.
A type of secretion in which the entire cell becomes packed with the secretory product and then ruptures, releasing the substance into the surrounding tissue.

Down

The process by which substances, such as enzymes or hormones, are produced and released by cells or glands.
gland: A type of gland that releases substances, such as enzymes or sweat, through ducts that lead to the external environment or into internal organs.
Refers to glands that secrete substances, such as enzymes, through ducts that lead to the external environment or into internal organs.
A type of endocytosis in which cells take in small amounts of fluid and dissolved substances from the extracellular environment.
Specialized organs or tissues that produce and secrete substances for specific functions in the body.
endocytosis: A type of endocytosis in which cells take up specific molecules by binding to receptors on the cell membrane.
Likes to chase mice
membrane: The surface of epithelial cells that faces the external environment or a body cavity, involved in secretion, absorption, and protection
A type of endocytosis in which cells engulf large particles or microorganisms and digest them.
cells: Cells that line the surfaces of organs and body cavities, and are involved in secretion, absorption, and protection.
gland: A type of exocrine gland that releases substances through exocytosis without any loss of cytoplasm.
An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin and glucagon, involved in regulating blood sugar levels.
A type of secretion in which part of the cell membrane, along with the secretory product, is shed from the cell.

29 Clues: Has a trunk • Flying mammal • Large marsupial • Man's best friend • Likes to chase mice • aggregates: Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. • A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body. • Refers to substances that are released from cells or glands into the extracellular space. • ...

Organelle 2025-10-06

Across

A membrane bound structure in eukaryotic cells that produces energy that is then stored as ATP.
This structure can be found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and works as a system of folded membranes. It uses exocytosis for secretion from the cell.
A particle in which is the location for protein synthesis in the cell.
The section of the endoplasmic reticulum that has a tubular appearance but no ribosomes.
A structure that gives cells their shape and is the outermost layer in which the contents can expand to. Found in cells in plants, fungi, protists, and most prokaryotes.
A single membrane organelle that holds reactions where toxic peroxides are formed then turned into water.
A membrane bound structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that function as the digestive system of the cell.

Down

A short hairlike organelle on the surface of some cells that moves water relative to the cell.
The area that holds all the elements of the cell except for the nucleus .
A structure that holds the chromosomes of prokaryotic cells and is not bounded by a membrane.
The section of the endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached to its outermost side.
A membrane enclosed organelle in plant cells that provides storage and handles waste products.
A structure that connects prokaryote cells at beginning of conjugation.
A double membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells that contain pigment or food.
A structure that is long in length and propels cells.
Structure located in the center of eukaryotic cells that holds the chromosomes of the cell. It is also bounded by a double membrane.
An organelle that turns stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants.
A structure that is found in eukaryotic cells and consists of microtubules and microfiliments. Its function is to give the cell its shape and to help arrange the components of the cell.

18 Clues: A structure that is long in length and propels cells. • An organelle that turns stored lipids into carbohydrates in plants. • A particle in which is the location for protein synthesis in the cell. • A structure that connects prokaryote cells at beginning of conjugation. • The area that holds all the elements of the cell except for the nucleus . • ...

Exam 1 Review 2021-07-07

Across

The system in the innate immune response comprised of 20 different proteins that work together in order to defend against infection as well as signal immune cells for activation.
Cells that mature in the thymus and split into three categories: helper, killer, and regulatory.
Cells that bridge the signaling gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses.
When mature, these white blood cells can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Most commonly concentrated in the blood stream.
The layer of blood comprised of water, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones.
These lymphocytes kill bacteria, virus-infected cells, parasites, and some cancer cells by use of secreting IFN-g along with perforin to instigate infected/damaged cell suicide. Operates on a balance of activating and inhibiting signals.
One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity.
Proteins that detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to detect invaders/infections.
The group of lymphocytes comprised mainly of macrophages and neutrophils, also known as the second arm of the innate immune system.
Nicknamed the "King of Interferons, these cells use TLR7 and TLR9 to detect both viral RNA and DNA.

Down

The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells.
Proteins that "present" antigens to T-cells and come in two classes, I and II.
The state in which a macrophage receives signals such as mannose and LPS to stop proliferation, increase growth and rate of phagocytosis, and secrete TNF.
The system of the body that drains fluid from the cardiovascular system and houses T and B cells.
Glycolipids commonly found on the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria and is commonly referred to as endotoxins
Considered the "smart bomb" pathway of the innate immune response, and specifically targets mannose and other carbohydrates on the surfaces of common pathogens.
The system specifically designed to combat viruses.
The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
Macrophages first line of support and the most abundant white blood cell.
Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat.
The mechanism by which macrophages digest and eliminate debris and foreign microbes.

21 Clues: The origin stem cell of all innate immune cells. • The system specifically designed to combat viruses. • One of the three ways humans achieve adaptive immunity. • The origin site of all red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes. • Immune response mechanism characterized by redness, pain, and heat. • ...

Histology Review Crossword 2024-09-23

Histology Review Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

simple single layer of tall, closely packed cells
formal name for bone tissue; ground substance eventually becomes calcified
Cartilage found in intervertebral spaces; contain lots of collagen
vascular tissue that detects foreign substances; contain granules that secrete inflammatory chemicals
CT made up of fat cells; insulates & warms the body; provides nutrients to other cells
CT found in capsules around organs; made up of collagen fibers in many directions
Cartilage found in outer ear & tip of nose; highly
CT found under skin & around organs; mostly open space; holds water and salts
oil glands; excrete products when cell ruptures and spill into duct
type of blood cell that carry oxygen throughout the body
more than one layer of cells
muscle tissue that contracts voluntarily; striated; connected to bones
sweat glands; excrete products via exocytosis
layer of cells that can change shape or "stretch"; found in lining of bladder
CT containing reticular fibers which supports internal organs

Down

ductless gland that secrete hormones through bloodstream; (product = hormones)
layer of cells that appears to be stratified but is not
secrete substances outwards through a duct
mammary glands; excrete products by cell pinching off
only one layer of cells
simple single, flat layer of cells that is thin and permeable
muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily; only found in the heart; activated by brain or hormones
blob-like cells that engulf invading substances/organisms
tissue that does NOT have nerves or blood vessels
makes up most connective tissue; contains ground substance and protein fibers
type of blood cell that provides an immune response
simple single layer of cube-shaped cells
muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily; non-striated; found in walls of stomach, uterus, intestines, etc.
CT found in tendons & ligaments; made up of collagen fibers arranged in 1 direction
nervous tissue that makes up 90% of all nerve cells; support and protect neurons; able to regenerate
CT found between vertebrae & in arteries; provides flexible cushioning
Cartilage found in larynx, bridge of nose, & ribs; glassy looking; few collagen fibers
nervous tissue that makes up 10% of all nerve cells; converts stimuli to nerve impulses; unable to regenerate

33 Clues: only one layer of cells • more than one layer of cells • simple single layer of cube-shaped cells • secrete substances outwards through a duct • sweat glands; excrete products via exocytosis • simple single layer of tall, closely packed cells • tissue that does NOT have nerves or blood vessels • Cartilage found in outer ear & tip of nose; highly • ...

unit 5 vocab 2023-12-08

Across

--agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans
a fertilized egg
--one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
--period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
--one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
--phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
–developing stage of a multicellular organism
--series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
–cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
--process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
--any change in the DNA sequence
--disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
--division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Down

--type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
--the treatment of disease, especially cancer, using X-rays or similar forms of radiation.
type of reproduction in which one parent cell produces two identical offspring (daughter cells)
stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
–unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
--phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
--region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body
the process of programmed cell death
--the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

25 Clues: a fertilized egg • --any change in the DNA sequence • the process of programmed cell death • –developing stage of a multicellular organism • --agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans • --region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • --division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • ...

Unit VI vocab 2023-01-02

Across

- first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
factor - one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
- the process of programmed cell death
-phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down which can damage cells; used to diagnose and treat some types of cancer
- period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
-phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
- Non-cancerous growth though it may grow larger without spreading to other parts of the body
division - process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
- one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
fission - type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

Down

- phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
- structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
- division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
- part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
- mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
- treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
- region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
- abnormal cells which divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
(fibers) - network of microtubules that forms within a dividing eukaryotic cell; help to move chromosomes into the daughter cells during mitosis
- substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
cycle - series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
- one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

24 Clues: - the process of programmed cell death • - period of the cell cycle between cell divisions • - division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • - region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • - one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome • - structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division • ...

Immune Response 2023-12-01

Across

Exotoxins that provoke an excessive immune response, killing healthy cells and causing toxic shock.
"White"
Lymphatic organ that teaches T-cells how to recognize self vs. non-self antigens.
Agranulocytes that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.
Organ system that filters blood, traps microbes in nodes, and drains excess fluid from inflammation.
"Pink"
Cell surface markers that occur in some members of the same species but not others.
Cascade of 26-30 different proteins that bore holes in bacterial cell membranes.
Plasma made of water, salt, and some proteins, contained in capillaries with a one-way flow.
Chemical compound in saliva that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Protein made by B-cells to block attachment sites on pathogens, help phagocytes eat them, or mark them for death by complement.
Antigen that will create an immune response.
Line of defense that includes adaptive cells that learn to target specific pathogens.
Piece of a microbe that may create an immune response.
Pattern-recognition receptor, on the surface of WBCs to recognize pathogenic characteristics/antigens.
Cells that stay in the connective tissue and initiate inflammation in response to foreign antigens.
Inflammatory chemical that causes prolonged bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, mucus secretion, and increased capillary refill.
Granulocytes (55-90% of all WBCs) that trap pathogens in a net and phagocytose them.
Reticulo-endothelial system, a connective tissue network that surrounds all organs, inhabited by phagocytes.
Rare granulocytes (0.5% of WBCs) trained to fight parasites that sometimes cause allergy.
Cells that trap pathogens with tentacles.

Down

Slower inflammatory chemical that constricts bronchioles and floods them with fluid, increasing vascular permeability.
Microbe that causes disease.
Protein secreted by immune cells to start a fever (ex. CRP).
Lymphatic organ that filters blood and recycles dead/damaged RBCs.
Immunity that is acquired over the lifespan, a learned response to specific microbes.
Line of defense that includes physical and chemical barriers such as tears, saliva, mucus, acid, bile, earwax, cilia, urine, and vomit.
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, aka "Peyer's patches".
B-cells and T-cells that can make memory cells to fight a pathogen faster at the next encounter.
Largest of the WBCs, they release cytokines and phagocytize pathogens and dead cells.
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
Vasodilation and edema that bring white blood cells, oxygen, and nutrients to the site of infection.
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue.
Cytokine that warns nearby cells of a viral infection, stimulating antiviral protein production.
Immunity present at birth, giving nonspecific resistance to infection.
Antigens on harmless nonliving substances.
Fast-acting inflammatory chemical that constricts smooth muscle and dilates blood vessels.
Literally "eating cells" - part of the second line of defense.
Line of defense that includes nonspecific immune cells and proteins.
Cell that surveils the body, recognizes microbes by contact, and attacks microbes.

40 Clues: "Pink" • "White" • Microbe that causes disease. • Skin-associated lymphoid tissue. • Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. • Cells that trap pathogens with tentacles. • Antigens on harmless nonliving substances. • Antigen that will create an immune response. • Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, aka "Peyer's patches". • Piece of a microbe that may create an immune response. • ...

Immune Basics 2023-04-24

Across

an antigen that is not disease causing given to people in order to elicit a primary immune response and to make memory cells.
cell Type of B and T cells produced that give the body immunity to future exposures to a pathogen.
________ immune response. The first time a pathogen is encountered.
created when a critical percentage of humans in a population exhibit immunity to a pathogen
organs in which lymph is filtered and acted upon by white blood cells and lymphocytes.
Differentiated B-cells that produce antibodies specific to an encountered antigen.
Specific molecules or parts of pathogens that the immune system recognizes as targets.
The body's first line of defense providing a non-specific response to pathogens through physical, chemical, and cellular defenses.
aka white blood cells.Cells that search for, attack, and destroy germs to keep the body healthy. They are crucial components of both innate and adaptive immune responses.
named after bone marrow. Specific, have antibodies on cytoplasm for antigen recognition
Non-specific first lines of defense including skin, mucus membranes, non-specific white blood cells etc.
cell that is part of the lymphatic system, especially T and B cells
Small structures that filter and destroy germs to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the body. They contain immune cells that analyze foreign invaders.
Located in the throat, they trap foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
Part of the long-term memory of the immune system, quickly producing antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen.

Down

Developed after exposure to a pathogen or antigen, leading to immunological memory, either naturally or through vaccination.
Retain memory of pathogen-specific information for rapid response to the same pathogen upon re-exposure.
Retain a memory of specific pathogens to enhance the speed and efficacy of the immune response upon re-exposure.
Central to adaptive immunity, including T-cells and B-cells, which have specific roles in immune defense.
An organ that stores white blood cells and filters the blood, destroying old and damaged red blood cells.
Involves the transfer of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another, providing temporary immunity.
fluid from tissue that flows in lymph vessels
Provides a targeted response to specific pathogens, features memory components, and develops over time.
_________ immune response. The second or greater time a pathogen is encountered. Memory cells help out a lot.
Capable of killing infected cells directly.
protein or carbohydrate that is unique and recognized by immune cell receptors and antibodies
Famous white blood cell that is a main antigen presenting cell. It's name means big eater.
Include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells that process and present antigens to T-cells.
means cell eating. Macrophages do it a lot.
protein produced by plasma cells that mark and neutralize pathogens by attaching to antigen
organism that causes disease
_______ response. Causes swelling and increased blood flow
includes lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes
Molecules displayed on cell surfaces that present antigenic peptides to T-cells.

34 Clues: organism that causes disease • Capable of killing infected cells directly. • means cell eating. Macrophages do it a lot. • fluid from tissue that flows in lymph vessels • includes lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes • _______ response. Causes swelling and increased blood flow • ________ immune response. The first time a pathogen is encountered. • ...

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS PART 2 2023-05-25

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS PART 2 crossword puzzle

Across

Has oval-shaped nuclei, lining the digestive tract
This muscle can only be found in the wall of the heart
Has thin primary cell wall with large intercellular spaces
One of the characteristic of smooth muscle
A white blood cell with multi-lobed nucleus
Plasma membrane of muscle cells
Type of control of striated muscle
Lower layer of cells are attached to _____ membrane
Small, uncovered gaps along the axon
Dead plant tissues with secondary cell wall
One of the location in which smooth muscle can be found
Name of the granule which is present in the cell body of a neuron due to abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Undifferentiated plant tissue
Thin, flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei
Long cytoplasmic branch arising from the cell body
Compact bone cell is known as
Other name for thrombocyte
Has uneven thickness of cell wall, thicker especially at corners of cell wall
Its function is to receive message from other cells and carry it to the cell body
Location of nucleus in skeletal muscle

Down

A group of cells that are similar in structure and carry a specific function
Tiny cytoplasmic extension that allow transfer of nutrients and waste between bone cells
This cell rolling around the axon to form myelin sheath
Tightly packed plant tissue
A membrane which covers a unit of bone
Composition of the matrix in hyaline cartilage
Consist of several layers of cells
This structure has gap junction to speed up impulse transmission
A cup-shaped cell that secretes a lot of substances
Sometimes called as stone cells
Tissue covering the internal and external surfaces of your body
Matrix in hyaline cartilage secreted by those cells
An agranulocyte which differentiates into macrophage
The blood cells that has no nucleus at maturity
Structural unit of bone
The cavity in which bone cells is found
Thin, elongated tapered ends which interlock with one another
A type of phloem cells which is a living cells but with very few organelles left
A type of fibre which is present in all three connective tissues

39 Clues: Structural unit of bone • Other name for thrombocyte • Tightly packed plant tissue • Undifferentiated plant tissue • Compact bone cell is known as • Plasma membrane of muscle cells • Sometimes called as stone cells • Consist of several layers of cells • Type of control of striated muscle • Small, uncovered gaps along the axon • A membrane which covers a unit of bone • ...

Immunology Exam 1: Study! 2024-07-10

Immunology Exam 1: Study! crossword puzzle

Across

is a protein found in our blood that transports oxygen to our tissues
identify general molecular patterns found on groups of pathogens, rather than targeting specific individual pathogens, which helps in recognizing a broad range of invaders despite mutations
present intracellular peptides to CD8+ to help destroy infected cells
are pre-produced and stored inside neutrophils; they move to the cell surface quickly in response to infection
cells detect antigens shown by MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and release cytokines to accelerate the immune response
include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and are found in the “buffy coat” of blood.
Dense layer of blood
The _______ immune system develops targeted responses to specific pathogens through the activation of B cells and T cells.

Down

are messengers of the immune system that send alerts to other immune cells to prepare for battle against invaders.
are considered “warning proteins” that interfere with the reproduction of viruses by producing antiviral proteins
The _____ activation pathway activates the complement system by binding specifically to carbohydrates, such as mannose, on the surface of pathogens.
are most abundant innate immune cells that store powerful chemicals inside of the cell and release in the presence of pathogens.
pathway relies on spontaneous reactions involving C3, leading to the destruction of pathogens
The complement system produces proteins in the ______ to destroy foreign pathogens and communicate with other immune cells
cells reside in tissues and act as messenger "bridge" cells that present antigens to adaptive immune cells in the lymph nodes.
on gram-negative bacteria binds to receptors on immune cells triggering the release of cytokines and activates the immune response.
is an the most abundant antibody found in human blood and is produced by plasma B cells
immune system is the body’s first line of defense that responds quickly to pathogens without prior exposure.

18 Clues: Dense layer of blood • is a protein found in our blood that transports oxygen to our tissues • present intracellular peptides to CD8+ to help destroy infected cells • is an the most abundant antibody found in human blood and is produced by plasma B cells • pathway relies on spontaneous reactions involving C3, leading to the destruction of pathogens • ...

CFA 3 Cells Review 2021-11-19

Across

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.
Cells use _____________ ________ to replace dead or damaged cells and to allow multicellular organisms to grow.
From smallest to greatest is atom, molecule, cell.
A protective layer that covers the cell surface, and acts as a barrier, controlling what goes in and out the cell.
This invention helped in the discovery and advancement of the cell theory
A ___________ is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
Genetic material that provides instructions for all cell purposes.
The control center of the cell that contains the DNA.
A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function.
Small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
Almost all the energy that fuels life on Earth come from the sun.
The gel-like fluid that includes all of the organelles of the cell.
Fluid filled vesicles that may contain enzymes, nutrients, water or waste. Plant cells have one large central _____________ that stores water and gives shape to the cell.

Down

Made up of 2 or more atoms.
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions.
Plants and animals use ____________ _______________ to produce energy for cell processes.
Organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
All cells have a cell membrane, DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm. The single cell of a ______________ _____________ must carry out all of the functions for life.
Break down food molecules to release energy by cellular respiration.
Made up of 2 or more cells. It's cells may be specialized to perform specific functions.
An _______________ is any living thing.
A group of similar cells that perform a common function.
The green pigment contained in chloroplasts that absorbs the energy in sunlight.
______________ are found in animal cells and have digestive enzymes that help break down waste.
Lists three basic characteristics of all cells and organisms A) All organisms are made up of one or more cells B) The cell is the basic unit of all organisms C) All cells come from existing cells.
All matter is made up of these.
A rigid structure that protects and gives support and shape to plant cells.
A molecule made up of 2 or more different types of atoms.
The process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sure and oxygen.

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

Lab Week 2025 Crossword 2025-04-19

Lab Week 2025 Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

most abundant white blood cell, fights bacterial infections
a urinalysis screening test that suggests the presence of white blood cells in the urine (2 words)
a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide
ABO RH: Anti A=negative, Anti B=negative, Anti D=positive, A cells=positive, B cells= positive (a blood type)
the study of microorganisms including algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses
a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
a set of procedures designed to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and validity of test results (2 words)
infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections
ABO RH: Anti A=positive, Anti B=negative, Anti D=positive, A cells=negative, B cells= positive (a blood type)
bacteria that stains pink on a gram stain (2 words)
ABO RH: Anti A=positive, Anti B=positive, Anti D=positive, A cells=negative, B cells= negative (a blood type)
a urinalysis screening test that suggests the presence of bacteria in the urine
the liquid that remains after blood has clotted
a type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. It helps the body fight infection and other diseases
the study of the clotting activity of blood

Down

ABO RH: Anti A=negative, Anti B=positive, Anti D=negative, A cells=positive, B cells= negative (a blood type)
ABO RH: Anti A=negative, Anti B=positive, Anti D=positive, A cells=positive, B cells= negative (a blood type)
bacteria that is a common cause of urinary tract infections (2 words)
the liquid that remains when clotting of blood is prevented with the addition of an anticoagulant
the study of blood, blood morphology and blood diseases
a type of blood cell responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs
a red blood cell of normal color
a laboratory test that examines a blood sample for the presence of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi (2 words)
it is one of the body's chief means of eliminating excess water and salt, and also contains nitrogen compounds such as urea and other waste substances removed from the blood by the kidneys
white blood cell that targets parasites, cancer cells, and plays a role in allergic responses
ABO RH: Anti A=positive, Anti B=positive, Anti D=negative, A cells=negative, B cells= negative (a blood type)
department within the lab that focuses on the collection, processing, testing, and storage of blood and blood products (2 words)
it involves analyzing the urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic properties
the study of immune products such as antibodies produced by the body in response to foreign material
ABO RH: Anti A=positive, Anti B=negative, Anti D=negative, A cells=negative, B cells= positive (a blood type)
a pre-transfusion test used to determine a patient’s blood type (ABO and Rh) and to screen for the presence of antibodies against red blood cells ( 2 words)
acts as an anticoagulant by forming a complex with calcium ions. This complex prevents calcium from participating in the clotting cascade, thereby inhibiting blood clotting.
bacteria that stains purple on a gram stain (2 words)
ABO RH: Anti A=negative, Anti B=negative, Anti D=negative, A cells=positive, B cells= positive (a blood type)
a red blood cell of normal size

35 Clues: a red blood cell of normal size • a red blood cell of normal color • the study of the clotting activity of blood • the liquid that remains after blood has clotted • bacteria that stains pink on a gram stain (2 words) • bacteria that stains purple on a gram stain (2 words) • the study of blood, blood morphology and blood diseases • ...

The Lymphatic System 2013-03-12

Across

-produces memory cells and plasma cells
-part of the second line of defence which ingests bacteria
-marker that identifies a pathogen
-the second line of defence using WBC’s to kill pathogens
in RBC's -determines if it is negative or positive
-interstitial fluid carried through the body
-remembers pathogens to help with future invasions

Down

-another term for nonspecific defence
-kills any pathogens in the body
-proteins that recognize and treat bacteria
-third line of defence
-slows the immune response to prevent destroying good tissue
disorder -a condition where T-cells attack the body’s own cells
-are lymphocytes that help, kill, supress & memorize pathogens
-is a scavenger that ingests threatening pathogens

15 Clues: -third line of defence • -kills any pathogens in the body • -marker that identifies a pathogen • -another term for nonspecific defence • -produces memory cells and plasma cells • -proteins that recognize and treat bacteria • -interstitial fluid carried through the body • in RBC's -determines if it is negative or positive • ...

Protists vocabulary 2025-12-09

Across

contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny organism in pond water.
An organism that makes its own food,usually using sunlight.
Everything is made up of cells
stated that all animals are made of cells.
First to see living cells using a microscope and named them "cells".
A type of reproduction where one cell splits into two identical cells
protective layer that surrounds the cell

Down

discovered that all plants are made of cells
Located outside of the cell
Known as the"powerhouse" of the cell
Discovered that all animals are made of cells
storage areas for the cell
Give plants their Green color
an organism that gets food by eating other organisms

15 Clues: contains DNA • storage areas for the cell • Located outside of the cell • Give plants their Green color • Everything is made up of cells • Known as the"powerhouse" of the cell • protective layer that surrounds the cell • stated that all animals are made of cells. • discovered that all plants are made of cells • Discovered that all animals are made of cells • ...

Different type of cells 2023-11-16

Different type of cells crossword puzzle

Across

Hooke Invented the cells
It was the first cell
You have to use a microscope to see them
The key part of a cell
jelly-like substance
Cells Cells in the nerves

Down

It is Larger than the Prokaryotic
Cells that are in are bones
Cell Cells in the sperm
Help with protine.
One large cell
The powerhouse of the cell
Cells in are blood
egg cells Cells in a girl

14 Clues: One large cell • Help with protine. • Cells in are blood • It was the first cell • jelly-like substance • The key part of a cell • egg cells Cells in a girl • The powerhouse of the cell • Hooke Invented the cells • Cells that are in are bones • Cell Cells in the sperm • Cells Cells in the nerves • It is Larger than the Prokaryotic • You have to use a microscope to see them

B-stem-cells-2-Min 2026-04-14

Across

The 6 genes that were used to make iPS cells are Oct3,4, SOX2, c-Myc, Klf4, Lin28, and _________ .
An important advantage of iPS cells is that they abolish the need for ________
MSCs are found in the _________ bone marrow region
Hair follicle cells give rise to cells of the ________ .
__________ cloning involves cloning somatic cells to generate a blastocyst, which can be used as a source of ES cells
Stem cells intestine are found in the _______ .

Down

A small number of neural stem cells exist in the adult brain, they give rise to granule cells and ____________ neurons
____________ are structures at the ends of chromosomes that prevent the loss of genetic material when the cell divides
A subset of MSCs that consist of about 1-2% of the cells and that may have more therapeutic potential than other MSCs is called ___________ cells
Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to ________ progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells
ES cells generated from artificial egg activation without sperm, are called ___________ stem cells
Fetal tissue cells are generally a mixture of stem cells and ___________
the first iPS cells were made using __________ infection

13 Clues: Stem cells intestine are found in the _______ . • MSCs are found in the _________ bone marrow region • Hair follicle cells give rise to cells of the ________ . • the first iPS cells were made using __________ infection • Fetal tissue cells are generally a mixture of stem cells and ___________ • ...

Chapter 4 2020-07-29

Across

Projection of calcified bone extending from cortical bone into the marrow space; provides support for marrow cells
The region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen (Two words)
Protein produced by many cell types; it modulates the function of other cell types
Cell involved in resorption and remodeling of calcified bone
Formation and development of white blood cells
Formation and maturation of erythrocytes in the bone marrow
A parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords infiltrated with red blood cells (Two words)
Flat cells that line the cavities of the blood and lymphatic vessels, heart, and other related body cavities
Production and development of blood cells normally occurring in the bone marrow
Yolk sac phase of hematopoiesis
Cell whose cytoplasm is largely replaced with a single fat vacuole
An abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system
A phagocytic cell which forms the lining of the sinusoids of the liver and is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells
The site of the second phase of fetal hematopoiesis
Extensive splenic damage secondary to infarction; often seen in older children and adults with sickle cell anemia

Down

A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (Two words)
A family of polypeptide products (proteins) produced by many cell types that are involved in lymphocyte recruitment, lymphocyte proliferation, and cellular responses in immunology
Removal of the spleen
Cell involved in formation of calcified bone
The development of megakaryocytes
Disorder characterized by enlargement of the spleen and pancytopenia in the presence of a hyperactive bone marrow
A parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells (Two words)
Hormone secreted by the kidney that regulates erythrocyte production by stimulating the stem cells of the bone marrow to mature into erythrocytes
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen
A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system
Bone marrow not involved in the production of blood cells
Cellular element of the hematopoietic microenvironment in the red portion of bone marrow
A colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream
Bone marrow characterized by meshes of the reticular network that contain the developmental stages of red blood cells, white blood cells, and megakaryocytes

29 Clues: Removal of the spleen • Yolk sac phase of hematopoiesis • The development of megakaryocytes • Abnormal enlargement of the spleen • Cell involved in formation of calcified bone • Formation and development of white blood cells • The site of the second phase of fetal hematopoiesis • Bone marrow not involved in the production of blood cells • ...

Muscles 2024-02-05

Across

structures that allow cytoplasm to pass between cells
ECG wave that represents the depolarization of the ventricles
molecule used to store excess glucose in the liver
hormone released by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to low blood sugar
valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk
period of time when the heart is contracting
layer of tissue that lines the inside of the heart
cells that transport oxygen to the tissues of the body
cells that produce glucagon
main hormone produced in the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex
thin walled extensions of the atria
period of time when the heart is filling
structure that forms the junction between two cardiomyocytes
substances that can induce an immune response
upper right hand structure of the heart that receives blood from the inferior and superior vena cavae
cardiac cells that are primarily responsible for contractions of the heart
globulin proteins that can recognize antigens
hormone released by kidneys in response to low blood oxygen
heart chambers that pump blood

Down

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
set of myocardial contractile cells that establish the normal cardiac rhythm
ridges of cardiac muscle found on the interior walls of ventricles
hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland in response to high blood osmolarity
main hormone produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
cell that is broken down to form platelets
substance found in the interior of thyroid follicles
structure that is the main producer of human chorionic gonadotropin
deep groove between the atria and the ventricles, visible on the exterior of the heart
set of myocardial contractile cells located in the inferior portion of the right atrium which pauses before passing electrical impulse it receives
hormone released by beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar
granulocytic leukocyte with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus that appears red in a histological section
structure that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
procedure that allows you to record the electrical signals of the heart
endocrine structures of the pancreas
type of signaling that effects cells that neighbor the cell releasing the signal
condition in which you don't have enough white blood cells
ability of cardiac muscles to initiate an electrical signal at a fixed rate
heart chambers that receive blood
condition in which you have too many blood cells
cells that produce insulin
protein found in red blood cells that binds and releases oxygen
cells that release parathyroid hormone

42 Clues: cells that produce insulin • cells that produce glucagon • heart chambers that pump blood • heart chambers that receive blood • thin walled extensions of the atria • endocrine structures of the pancreas • cells that release parathyroid hormone • period of time when the heart is filling • cell that is broken down to form platelets • ...

Bio 11 2025-08-20

Across

the jelly-like fluid inside the cell that holds organelles in place
a complex cell with a nucleus and organelles
the control center of the cell that stores DNA
an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
the first stage of mitosis where chromosomes become visible
the movement of molecules using energy against their concentration gradient
the double-layered structure that makes up the cell membrane
cells that build and maintain bone tissue
a simple cell without a nucleus, like bacteria
a network that helps in protein and lipid synthesis
a sac filled with enzymes that break down waste and old cell parts
the final stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform
the phase where a cell grows, carries out functions, and copies DNA
a principle stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells
the repeating sequence of growth and division in a cell
unspecialized cells that can develop into different cell types
the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
the ability of a membrane to allow some substances in while blocking others

Down

a tiny structure that makes proteins from amino acids
the powerhouse of the cell that produces energy (ATP)
specialized plant cells that open and close stomata for gas exchange
the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides
specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the body
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
a framework of fibers that gives shape, support, and movement to the cell
an organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
a specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function
tiny hair-like structures that help in movement or moving substances across the surface
a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genetic information
specialized cells that contract to produce movement
one half of a duplicated chromosome
a thin barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell
a large storage sac in plant cells that holds water and nutrients
the division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells
a whip-like tail that helps some cells move
fibers that help separate chromosomes during cell division
cells that carry oxygen throughout the body
a structure that helps organize spindle fibers during cell division
a rigid layer that gives plant cells structure and protection

40 Clues: one half of a duplicated chromosome • cells that build and maintain bone tissue • a whip-like tail that helps some cells move • cells that carry oxygen throughout the body • a complex cell with a nucleus and organelles • the control center of the cell that stores DNA • a simple cell without a nucleus, like bacteria • specialized cells that contract to produce movement • ...

Bio 11 2025-08-20

Across

the jelly-like fluid inside the cell that holds organelles in place
a complex cell with a nucleus and organelles
the control center of the cell that stores DNA
an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
the first stage of mitosis where chromosomes become visible
the movement of molecules using energy against their concentration gradient
the double-layered structure that makes up the cell membrane
cells that build and maintain bone tissue
a simple cell without a nucleus, like bacteria
a network that helps in protein and lipid synthesis
a sac filled with enzymes that break down waste and old cell parts
the final stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform
the phase where a cell grows, carries out functions, and copies DNA
a principle stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells
the repeating sequence of growth and division in a cell
unspecialized cells that can develop into different cell types
the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
the ability of a membrane to allow some substances in while blocking others

Down

a tiny structure that makes proteins from amino acids
the powerhouse of the cell that produces energy (ATP)
specialized plant cells that open and close stomata for gas exchange
the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides
specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the body
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
a framework of fibers that gives shape, support, and movement to the cell
an organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
a specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function
tiny hair-like structures that help in movement or moving substances across the surface
a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genetic information
specialized cells that contract to produce movement
one half of a duplicated chromosome
a thin barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell
a large storage sac in plant cells that holds water and nutrients
the division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells
a whip-like tail that helps some cells move
fibers that help separate chromosomes during cell division
cells that carry oxygen throughout the body
a structure that helps organize spindle fibers during cell division
a rigid layer that gives plant cells structure and protection

CB2 2026-05-07

Across

The stage when the cell prepares itself for the process of cell division, and DNA replication takes place. The cell also makes more of its sub-cellular structures.
The stage of mitosis in which the separated chromosomes move away from each other.
Cell that joins with other xylem cells to form long, thick-walled vessels after they die. The vessels carry water and dissolved mineral salts through the plant.
A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
A th division of a group. For example, 10 per cent of the data items are below the 10th percentile and 50 per cent are below the 50th percentile.
An organism that is made of many cells.
Filament formed in a cell during mitosis, which helps to separate chromosomes.
When the cytoplasm of the cell is separated as the cell membrane is pinched to divide the cell into two daughter cells.
cell New cell produced by cell division.
Lump formed of cancer cells.
Offspring from asexual reproduction. All the cells in a clone are genetically identical to each other and to the parent’s cells.
When something gets longer (such as a cell in a plant root or shoot before it differentiates into a specialised cell).
Producing new organisms from one parent only. These organisms are genetically identical to the parent.

Down

A permanent increase in the number or size of cells in an organism.
The stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and the nucleus membrane reforms.
Cell that divides uncontrollably.
The stage of mitosis in which the nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear.
A small area of undifferentiated cells in a plant, such as near the shoot tips and root tips, where cells are dividing rapidly by mitosis.
The process of cells dividing to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent.
A cell with one set of chromosomes.
When a group of similar things, such as cells, become different in form from each other.
Disease caused by the uncontrolled division of stem cells in a part of the body.
The stage of mitosis when the chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell.
Cell found on the surface of plant roots that has a large surface area to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts quickly from the soil.
A sequence of growth and division that happens in cells. It includes interphase and mitosis, and leads to the production of two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
The copying of the DNA within a cell.

26 Clues: Lump formed of cancer cells. • Cell that divides uncontrollably. • A cell with one set of chromosomes. • A cell with two sets of chromosomes. • The copying of the DNA within a cell. • An organism that is made of many cells. • cell New cell produced by cell division. • A permanent increase in the number or size of cells in an organism. • ...

Organelles and Levels of Organization 2024-01-28

Organelles and Levels of Organization crossword puzzle

Across

a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together
carries materials through the cell.
Bubble-like membrane that transports large molecules into and out of the cell
provides shape, structure, and protection for PLANT cells
makes proteins; found in all cells
allows SOME materials to pass in & out of the cell; found in all cells
genetic material
a group of ORGANS working together doing a similar job
stores water in order to maintain PLANT shape

Down

directs and controls cell activities; contains genes
where photosynthesis happens in PLANT cells
Makes final modifications to proteins
jelly-like substance that holds the organelles; found in all cells
a group of CELLS working together doing a similar job
makes energy for the cell
a group of TISSUES working together doing a similar job
smallest living thing
organize genetic information for cell division in ANIMAL cells

18 Clues: genetic material • smallest living thing • makes energy for the cell • makes proteins; found in all cells • carries materials through the cell. • Makes final modifications to proteins • a group of ORGAN SYSTEMS working together • where photosynthesis happens in PLANT cells • stores water in order to maintain PLANT shape • directs and controls cell activities; contains genes • ...

Cell crossword. 2018-08-22

Across

envelope Separates the nucleus from the cell.
The jelly-like fluid that holds the cell together.
cells The new modern cells of the planet earth.
walls Found in every eukaryotic cell and surrounds the plasma membrane.
membrane Contains all the cells contents.
Takes place in the chloroplast.
The smallest living unit on the planet.
cells The first cells to be on earth and can be unicellular.
The control center of the cell.

Down

Aids in cell renewal.
Pairs of microtubular structures and plays a role in cell division.
reticulum Helps move substances within cells and is a network of interconnected membranes.
Longer projections that move in a whiplike motion.
Produces ribosomes.
Breaks down fuel molecules and releases energy.
A membrane-bound storage sac.
apparatus Packing and shipping station of the cell.
Short, numerous, hairlike projections that move in a wavelike motion.

18 Clues: Produces ribosomes. • Aids in cell renewal. • A membrane-bound storage sac. • Takes place in the chloroplast. • The control center of the cell. • The smallest living unit on the planet. • membrane Contains all the cells contents. • envelope Separates the nucleus from the cell. • cells The new modern cells of the planet earth. • Breaks down fuel molecules and releases energy. • ...

Effector functions 2025-02-06

Across

In a viral infection, T helper cells are most likely to differentiate into the Th-__ subset (spell the number).
Signature cytokines produced by Th17 cells are IL-22 and IL-___ (spell the number).
IgA is said to be responsible for what type of immunity?
What shape are IgM molecules secreted in?
Which isotype is used to opsonise parasites, but is also involved in allergic disease?
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells can engage a receptor on infected cells to trigger the cell’s apoptosis. What is this receptor called?
In a fungal infection, the cytokine produced by Th cells recruits an innate immune cell that can phagocytose and kill this pathogen. What are these innate immune cells?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that multiplies inside host cells. The T helper subset most suited to its elimination is Th-___ (spell the number).
Th1-produced cytokines are known to activate what type of innate immune cell?
B cells that can make either IgG, IgA or IgE are said to have done what

Down

When cytotoxic (killer) T cells kill a cell using cytotoxic enzymes they first create pores in this target cell. What is the name of the molecule that allows them to do this?
The name of the Th subset that ‘helps’ B cells to undergo antibody isotype switching is T-______ helper cells.
In a parasitic infection, helper T cell cytokine production should activate an innate immune cell that can kill the parasite. What are these innate immune cells?
The Th subset most suited to fighting a fungal infection is Th-___ (spell the number).
A signature cytokine produced by Th1 cells is Interferon-_______.
Three signature cytokines produced by Th2 cells are IL-4, IL-5 and IL-___ (spell the number).
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells can kill an infected cell using enzymes stored in their cytotoxic granules. What are these enzymes called?
About 20% of Australians are affected by a maladaptation of the Th2 response, which results in ______ disease.
A parasitic infection needs a Th-___ subset response (spell the number).
Which antibody isotype is the most abundant in blood and has the most effector functions?

20 Clues: What shape are IgM molecules secreted in? • IgA is said to be responsible for what type of immunity? • A signature cytokine produced by Th1 cells is Interferon-_______. • B cells that can make either IgG, IgA or IgE are said to have done what • A parasitic infection needs a Th-___ subset response (spell the number). • ...

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

lymphatic + Immune System Vocab 2025-04-07

Across

Also known as T8 cells, Dampens the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells and slows the immune process as the antigen stimulus lessens (2 words)
Certain of the stem cells form forerunners of the immune system (2 words)
The outer layer of lymphoid tissue
A collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn't reabsorbed into your capillaries
Spaces within the lymph lobules with relatively few cells (2 words)
A type of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids and bind to antigens (3 words)
A larger amoeboid cell
Monitor the composition of lymph; site of cells that engulf pathogens; immune response (2 words)
Blunt-ended lymphatic vessels located centrally in the intestinal villi
Relies on T cells and other immune cells to directly target and destroy infected or abnormal cells (3 words)
Paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the back of the throat (2 words)
Lymphoid organ because its functions are consistent with those of the lymphatic system and its cells are lymphatic cells
Vessels entering the lymph nodes (3 words)
The first type of antibody produced by the body that responds to infections (3 letters)
Common type of antibody (3 letters)
Mass of tissue at the roof of the pharynx (2 words)
Antibody that reacts to allergic reactions (3 letters)
in the wall of the intestinal tract, particularly in the ileum (2 words)
A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in the lymphatic system, by directly destroying infected or cancerous cells (2 words)
A type of white blood cells that make antibodies
Aggregates of lymph node tissue located under the epithelial lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Down

Vessels leaving the lymph nodes
In the tissue of the tongue (2 words)
Set of proteins. On their surface they identify as “self.” (3 words)
A group of high-activity, antibody-producing cells (2 words)
Functions as the receptor site on B-lymphocytes for stimulating activation (3 letters)
Person who becomes tolerant to “self” and will remain able to respond only to antigens interpreted as nonself
The largest lymphatic vessel of the body(2 words)
An immune response
A set of primitive cells (2 words)
Highly reactive proteins
support main cells of the lymph nodes (B and T-lymphocytes) (2 words)
A lymphatic vessel that collects lymph fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body and drains it into the venous system (3 words)
Accumulation of intestinal fluid in the spaces between the cells
A network of thin, tube-like structures that transfer lymph fluid throughout the body(2 words)
Consists of eight polypeptide chains (3 letters)
Where blood enters the spleen (2 words)
A small, discrete section within the lymph nodes and the thymus
Area where large blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Protein to fight off diseases
A substance, often a protein, that triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and other immune cells
Lymphatic organ located between the lungs and acts as storage for lymphocytes
Also known as T4 cells, Type of white blood cell that develops in the thymus (2 words)
Microscopic tubes making up the network(2 words)
central region of lymph nodes that has fewer lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the adaptive immune system

Circulation 2 Crossword 2016-01-14

Circulation 2 Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

The blood cells involved in clotting
Where all blood cells are produced (two words)
Organelle that is absent in red blood cells
The lymph nodes contain many ____ blood cells which attack germs
One function of the lymph system is to return _____ fluid to the blood
When red blood cells get to the lungs they lose CO2 and gain ________
Red pigment which carries oxygen
Lymph _____ are located where germs are most likely to enter the body
Red blood cells are indented on both sides: what is the name for this?
One function of the lymph system is to transport these

Down

Clotting factor which is converted to thrombin by an enzyme from the platelets
Lymph is kept moving by the squeezing of ____________ muscles
Lymph vessels (lymphatics) have ________ to stop the lymph flowing backwards
Another name for red blood cells
Lymph vessels which absorb digested lipids in the small intestine
Clotting factor which is converted to fibrin by thrombin
The role of white blood cells
Lymph is cleaned up and is returned to the bloodstream by valves in the _______
Mineral salt in the blood which is essential for clotting

19 Clues: The role of white blood cells • Another name for red blood cells • Red pigment which carries oxygen • The blood cells involved in clotting • Organelle that is absent in red blood cells • Where all blood cells are produced (two words) • One function of the lymph system is to transport these • Clotting factor which is converted to fibrin by thrombin • ...

stem-cells-2 2026-03-25

Across

__________ cloning involves cloning somatic cells to generate a blastocyst, which can be used as a source of ES cells
the first iPS cells were made using __________ infection
____________ are structures at the ends of chromosomes that prevent the loss of genetic material when the cell divides
Fetal tissue cells are generally a mixture of stem cells and ___________
Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to ________ progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells
MSCs are found in the _________ bone marrow region

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ES cells generated from artificial egg activation without sperm, are called ___________ stem cells
The 6 genes that were used to make iPS cells are Oct3,4, SOX2, c-Myc, Klf4, Lin28, and _________ .
Hair follicle cells give rise to cells of the ________ .
A small number of neural stem cells exist in the adult brain, they give rise to granule cells and ____________ neurons
Stem cells intestine are found in the _______ .
An important advantage of iPS cells is that they abolish the need for ________
A subset of MSCs that consist of about 1-2% of the cells and that may have more therapeutic potential than other MSCs is called ___________ cells

The Cells That Make Us 2023-04-14

Across

the brain of the cell
forms when human cells band together
oval shaped part of the cell that produces energy
form muscles that help us move
gel-like fluid that fills the cell
this is what Mike compared cells to
mitochondria convert ___ into chemical energy for cells
number of vital organs in humans
organisms made up of a collection of cells

Down

small units that make up our body
tissues in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
tissues that line or cover the different parts of the body
type of tissue that form connections between structures in the body
number of cells that form the human body
scientific instrument in which you can see cells
types of tissues that perform specific functions (ex: heart)
a single cell creature
surrounds the nucleus of a cell to protect it

18 Clues: the brain of the cell • a single cell creature • form muscles that help us move • number of vital organs in humans • small units that make up our body • gel-like fluid that fills the cell • this is what Mike compared cells to • forms when human cells band together • number of cells that form the human body • tissues in brain, spinal cord, and nerves • ...

Unit 3 - Homeostasis 2024-01-09

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some types of tissues include skin, __________ and muscle
failure to maintain homeostasis can either result in illness or
this is formed by a group of similar organs working together
when you're injured this type of cells do this to repair the injured area
how molecules move in and out of a cell; from high to low
the small structures that are found in cells
different shapes and sizes for specialized functions; the basic building blocks of the body are
a type of tissue that is also a line of defense for the immune system
dividing 1 parent cell into 2 daughter cells
a person with a paper cut would have _____ in their skin tissue due to the damage

Down

liver cells and stomach cells look ____________ under a microscope
in asexual reproduction the mitotic division results in __________ cells
Large organisms use mitosis for growth and ______
groups of organ systems working together to maintain life forms
how plants get their energy
Constantly changing to maintain balance
a group of similar cells that work together to form organs
formed by a group of similar tissues
keeping a balance within living organisms to have optimal function

19 Clues: how plants get their energy • formed by a group of similar tissues • Constantly changing to maintain balance • the small structures that are found in cells • dividing 1 parent cell into 2 daughter cells • Large organisms use mitosis for growth and ______ • some types of tissues include skin, __________ and muscle • ...

Cells and organelles 2018-10-23

Across

Structures inside the cell that make it work
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found
Ribosomes are on the surface and involved in protein synthesis
Has passageways that assembles proteins, lipid components and other materials form one part of the cell to another
Receives proteins & materials from the ER, packages them, & distributes them
Uses chemical to break down food and worn out cell parts
Contain DNA, which controls the functions of the cell and production of proteins

Down

Contain enzymes for synthesis lipids and detoxication of drugs
Stores food, water, wastes and other materials in plant cells
1.All living things are composed of cells.2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Controls what comes into and out of a cell
Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells
Powerhouse of the cell
Assembles amino acids to create proteins
Cells that do not contain nuclei
Cells that contain nuclei
Ridged outer layer of plant cell
Smallest living object

19 Clues: Powerhouse of the cell • Smallest living object • Cells that contain nuclei • Cells that do not contain nuclei • Ridged outer layer of plant cell • Assembles amino acids to create proteins • Controls what comes into and out of a cell • Structures inside the cell that make it work • Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found • ...

Cells and organelles 2018-10-23

Across

Assembles amino acids to create proteins
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found
Cells that contain nuclei
Receives proteins & materials from the ER, packages them, & distributes them
Has passageways that assembles proteins, lipid components and other materials form one part of the cell to another
Contain enzymes for synthesis lipids and detoxication of drugs
Stores food, water, wastes and other materials in plant cells
Ribosomes are on the surface and involved in protein synthesis

Down

Ridged outer layer of plant cell
Controls what comes into and out of a cell
Powerhouse of the cell
Structures inside the cell that make it work
Cells that do not contain nuclei
Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells
1.All living things are composed of cells.2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Contain DNA, which controls the functions of the cell and production of proteins
Uses chemical to break down food and worn out cell parts
Smallest living object

19 Clues: Powerhouse of the cell • Smallest living object • Cells that contain nuclei • Ridged outer layer of plant cell • Cells that do not contain nuclei • Assembles amino acids to create proteins • Controls what comes into and out of a cell • Structures inside the cell that make it work • Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found • ...

CH 4 Review - Cells & Classification 2023-11-13

CH 4 Review - Cells & Classification crossword puzzle

Across

organisms like Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista are ___
he developed a system of classification
states living things are made of cells and cells can function as individual organisms or as the smallest units of larger organisms
the process by which an organism produces reproductive cells
part of a cell that provides support for plant cells
uses lenses to magnify objects, such as cells, hundreds or thousands of times
the parts of a cell that act like engines, breaking down food and releasing energy

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plants are ____ organisms that can make their own food
organisms grow and replace cells through this process
a complete living things
plants use this green pigment to absorb energy from sunlight
the scientific name of an organism uses its ___ and species
the bubble-like storage organelles found in a cell
yogurt and your intestines contain useful ___
he worked with Matthias Schleiden to form the basis of the cell theory
putting organisms with similar characteristics into groups is called ___
this provides the external boundary for a cell
a group of cells working together
he was the first to observe and name cells

19 Clues: a complete living things • a group of cells working together • he developed a system of classification • he was the first to observe and name cells • yogurt and your intestines contain useful ___ • this provides the external boundary for a cell • the bubble-like storage organelles found in a cell • part of a cell that provides support for plant cells • ...

Cells to Systems 2025-08-27

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System, A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions in the body, such as the digestive or respiratory system.
Cells, Cells that have unique structures and functions tailored to perform specific tasks in an organism, such as nerve cells or muscle cells.
The organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
Organelles are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell, where energy production occurs.
The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms.
Cells, Simple cells without a nucleus or organelles, typically found in bacteria.
Tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange (carbon dioxide in and oxygen out).
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Wall, A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides structure and support.

Down

Organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis.
The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
A structure made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function, such as the heart or lungs.
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Cells, Cells that have a nucleus and organelles, found in organisms like plants and animals.
Membrane, The outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and exits the cell.
Cells, Specialised cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing to regulate gas exchange.
Specialised structures within a cell that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus and mitochondria.

18 Clues: The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms. • Organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. • A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. • Membrane, The outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and exits the cell. • ...

Ch 13 crossword EMC 2026-03-19

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treating a patient with antibodies for an immediate but temporary effect against a pathogen
recognizes antigen presented via MHC I and expresses CD8. Directly destroys cells they recognize
subset of helper T cells that help produce a humoral response
recognizes antigen presented via MHC I and II, expresses both CD4 and CD8, and modulates the immune system
produced an early version of a "vaccine" by using cowpox to immunize against smallpox
region of antigen receptor that varies greatly among B/T cells and gives specificity to different antigens
substance that can elicit a response from B cells and T cells
type of response produced by B cells and the antibodies they produce, binding to pathogens to mark them for elimination

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B cell that "records" information to fight pathogens if they come back
presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells
B cell that actively secretes antibodies
subset of helper T cells that help protect mucosal surfaces
region of antigen receptor that varies very little among B/T cells
small accessible part of an antigen that binds to antigen receptor
subset of helper T cells that fight against intracellular pathogens
presents antigens to helper T cells

16 Clues: presents antigens to helper T cells • presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells • B cell that actively secretes antibodies • subset of helper T cells that help protect mucosal surfaces • subset of helper T cells that help produce a humoral response • substance that can elicit a response from B cells and T cells • ...

Retina Lab 2026-04-07

Across

Special glial cells found throughout retina
Retinal region with the highest cone cell concentration
Uveal structure posterior to the RPE
Horizontal and amacrine cells are both what type of cell?
Area of visual field with no corresponding photoreceptors
Layer of retina with melanin pigment (3 letters)
Layer containing photoreceptor cell bodies

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Level where ganglion cells axons become myelinated (2 words)
Blood vessels supplying the outer retinal layers
Layer containing ganglion cell axons (2 words)
Retinal cells allowing for color discernment
Structure that forms the outer blood retinal barrier (2 words)
Cells making up the “where” visual pathway
Off-bipolar cells are stimulated when light is?
Layer where the amacrine cells synapse (2 words)
On-bipolar cells are stimulated when light is?

16 Clues: Uveal structure posterior to the RPE • Cells making up the “where” visual pathway • Layer containing photoreceptor cell bodies • Special glial cells found throughout retina • Retinal cells allowing for color discernment • Layer containing ganglion cell axons (2 words) • On-bipolar cells are stimulated when light is? • Off-bipolar cells are stimulated when light is? • ...

The Immune System 2021-10-19

Across

Type of B cell stimulated by activated T cells
Class of proteins produced by macrophages that bind to antigens
Site where T cells mature
Type of cell that kills tumour and virus-infected cells (7,6)
Type of specific immune response that produces antibodies
Period of time between first exposure and primary immune response (3,4)
A type of inactivation of antigens caused by saturation of binding sites with antibodies

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Antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes
Type of exposure that stimulates memory cells
Type of T cell that stimulates Cytotoxic T cells
Process used by B cells to proliferate
Synonym for antibody
Antigenic determinants
Cells that secrete antibodies
Group of enzymes produced by cytotoxic T cells that trigger programmed cell death
Name of specific immune response in animals

16 Clues: Synonym for antibody • Antigenic determinants • Site where T cells mature • Cells that secrete antibodies • Process used by B cells to proliferate • Antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes • Name of specific immune response in animals • Type of exposure that stimulates memory cells • Type of B cell stimulated by activated T cells • ...

Chapter 4: Cell Discovery 2025-11-18

Chapter 4: Cell Discovery crossword puzzle

Across

Leeuwenhoek's "wretched beasties"
The item that Hooke was looking at when he found cells
The zoologist that said "All animals are made of cells.
The study of plants
Tool used to view cells
First person to see living cells
The study of animals
The Latin word for "cell"

Down

Doctor that said "Cells come from other cells"
Leeuwenhoek is called the "Father" of this
What Leeuwenhoek called his pond water animals
First person to see and name cells
What Leeuwenhoek scraped to see his bacteria
The cell part that Hooke actually cell
The botanist that said "All plants are made of cells."

15 Clues: The study of plants • The study of animals • Tool used to view cells • The Latin word for "cell" • First person to see living cells • Leeuwenhoek's "wretched beasties" • First person to see and name cells • The cell part that Hooke actually cell • Leeuwenhoek is called the "Father" of this • What Leeuwenhoek scraped to see his bacteria • ...

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis 2023-04-28

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis crossword puzzle

Across

cells that carry oxygen
double-stranded
unspecialized cells
allows for DNA to be reproduced
the piece of DNA that makes you you
process of making RNA from DNA
cells that have one function i.e muscle cells
using RNA to make amino acids

Down

cells that contract and expand all throughout the body
tube in a plant that transports water from roots to leaves
part of a plant that's in charge of the distribution of nutrients
single-stranded
the control of timing, location, and expression of Genes
specialized cells that send messages through the body
changes stem cells into specialized cells

15 Clues: single-stranded • double-stranded • unspecialized cells • cells that carry oxygen • using RNA to make amino acids • process of making RNA from DNA • allows for DNA to be reproduced • the piece of DNA that makes you you • changes stem cells into specialized cells • cells that have one function i.e muscle cells • specialized cells that send messages through the body • ...

PTA 1003 - Ch. 4 - The Immune System 2024-09-24

PTA 1003 - Ch. 4 - The Immune System crossword puzzle

Across

Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and are involved in cell-mediated immunity, recognizing and destroying infected cells.
A state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.
Proteins produced by B-cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens, neutralizing or destroying them.
An immunity that occurs when antibodies produced by one person are transferred to another, such as from mother to child through breast milk.
Cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, that engulf and digest microorganisms and debris to protect the body against infection.
Immunity Protection acquired by the introduction of an antigen, such as through natural exposure or vaccination, which primes the immune system for future encounters.
The study of the physiologic mechanisms that allow the body to recognize materials as foreign and neutralize or eliminate them.
A type of disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, failing to distinguish self from non-self.
White blood cells from the bone marrow that increase in response to infection and are involved in the direct killing of invading organisms through phagocytosis.

Down

Lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow and are involved in humoral immunity by producing antibodies that target specific antigens.
Large phagocytic cells that play a key role in the immune system by clearing debris and presenting antigens to lymphocytes.
Small proteins released by cells, especially immune cells, that have an effect on the interactions and communications between cells.
An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response that results in tissue damage and disease, classified into four types.
Any foreign substance in the body that lacks the surface markers identifying it as part of the body, capable of eliciting an immune response.
The immunity that is the body's first line of defense that is non-specific and non-adaptive, which does not remember invaders for future encounters.
A specific type of immunity that involves memory, allowing the body to recognize and destroy foreign substances and prevent the proliferation of mutant cells.
A type of immunity in which T-cells are responsible for identifying and destroying infected or abnormal cells on a cell-to-cell basis.
Killer Cells (NK Cells) A type of lymphocyte that plays a role in the innate immune response by directly attacking cells that are infected by viruses or are cancerous.
Immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B-cells that circulate in body fluids such as blood and lymph to neutralize foreign substances.

19 Clues: A state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. • Proteins produced by B-cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens, neutralizing or destroying them. • An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response that results in tissue damage and disease, classified into four types. • ...

unit 6 2013-04-24

Across

has membrane bound organelles
has cell walls
first person to view dead cells
first person to view living cells
prokaryote cell
wall or a barrier of a cell
contains and stores genetic information
no cell wall eukaryote cell
studied plant cells
shape and size are all part of cell __________
studied animal cells

Down

jelly looking
has membrane bound organelles
contains phosholipids and proteins
flatten sacks, distributes lipids and proteins
smallest unit that can preform the basic functions of life
studied cell reproduction
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, control center
5 parts, holds cell structure
all living things are made up of one or more cells

20 Clues: jelly looking • has cell walls • prokaryote cell • studied plant cells • studied animal cells • studied cell reproduction • no cell wall eukaryote cell • wall or a barrier of a cell • has membrane bound organelles • has membrane bound organelles • 5 parts, holds cell structure • first person to view dead cells • first person to view living cells • contains phosholipids and proteins • ...

Cell Division 2024-10-24

Across

Chromosomes are in the middle of the cell
Sperm and egg cell
Holds sister chromatids together
Contains one set of chromosomes
A numerical way to represent a diploid
Contains two sets of chromosomes
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
Nuclear envelope reappears
Cells divide so organisms can

Down

Body cells
Division of the nucleus
Chromatin condense to chromosomes
Growth phase
Division of the cytoplasm
Loosely coiled DNA
The acronym for Mitosis
Series of events where cells grow and prepare to divide themselves into two daughter cells
Prokaryotes undergo what reproduction?
Amount of daughter cells produced at the end of Mitosis

19 Clues: Body cells • Growth phase • Sperm and egg cell • Loosely coiled DNA • Division of the nucleus • The acronym for Mitosis • Division of the cytoplasm • Nuclear envelope reappears • Cells divide so organisms can • Contains one set of chromosomes • Holds sister chromatids together • Contains two sets of chromosomes • Chromatin condense to chromosomes • Sister chromatids are pulled apart • ...

Cell Division 2022-01-18

Across

Another word for copying, what happens to DNA during interphase.
Type of cell that is produced by cell division.
A change or mistake in the genetic code.
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during mitosis.
Part of interphase where DNA is replicated.
Molecule that contains the code for life.
Process by which the nucleus is copied.

Down

Regular sequence of events by which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
Stage of mitosis where replicated chromosomes are split and pulled apart.
Important function of cell division. Multicellular organisms require many cells.
Organized form of DNA that appears during mitosis and is split into two new daughter cells.
At the conclusion of mitosis, the cytoplasm divides and organelles are distributed into two new cells.
Cells spend 95% of their life growing & preparing for division.
Disease caused by rapid division of mutated cells.
Body cells of an organism that reproduce by cell division.
Cell line cultured from Henrietta Lacks and used in many scientific discoveries.
Mass of cells formed when cancer cells divide rapidly.

17 Clues: Process by which the nucleus is copied. • A change or mistake in the genetic code. • Molecule that contains the code for life. • Part of interphase where DNA is replicated. • Type of cell that is produced by cell division. • Disease caused by rapid division of mutated cells. • Mass of cells formed when cancer cells divide rapidly. • ...

Blood Intro 2023-01-05

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reduced ability to carry iron in blood cells
crust that forms over an injury
produced to fight antigens
aid in forming clots
carries oxygen on red blood cells
fancy name for white blood cells
fancy name for red blood cells

Down

the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
process of stopping blood flow
carry oxygen to the body
the liquid part of the blood
dead white blood cells at the site of an infection
occurs when white blood cells engulf toxins
defend the body against infection
protein on the surface of blood cells that determine blood type

15 Clues: aid in forming clots • carry oxygen to the body • produced to fight antigens • the liquid part of the blood • process of stopping blood flow • fancy name for red blood cells • crust that forms over an injury • fancy name for white blood cells • defend the body against infection • carries oxygen on red blood cells • occurs when white blood cells engulf toxins • ...

Excel Lesson 2 Words 2021-01-13

Across

easier to recognize
items you directly change
formatted normal sequences
edit the contents of a cell
copy data to adjacent cells
sort and group data
group of adjacent cells

Down

drag cells while replacing data
drag cells to new locations
duplicate
collects and stores items
fill the space before tabs
highlighting for change
insert
filling cells with data/formatting
remove

16 Clues: insert • remove • duplicate • easier to recognize • sort and group data • highlighting for change • group of adjacent cells • items you directly change • collects and stores items • fill the space before tabs • formatted normal sequences • drag cells to new locations • edit the contents of a cell • copy data to adjacent cells • drag cells while replacing data • ...

Definiciones sobre terapia celular 2025-03-17

Definiciones sobre terapia celular crossword puzzle

Across

Cells with limited self-renewal and differentiation capacity that can give rise to more specialized cell types.
The use of stem cells obtained from a healthy donor to treat a patient, with a potential risk of immune rejection.
The process by which hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow generate mature blood cells.
A therapy that uses a patient’s own cells for treatment, reducing the risk of immune rejection.
A procedure in which stem cells are administered to a patient to repair or replace damaged tissues.
The process by which stem cells transform into specialized cells with specific functions in the body.
The process by which transplanted cells establish, proliferate, and contribute to tissue regeneration in the recipient.
Cellular communication mechanisms that control proliferation, differentiation, and cellular functions through pathways such as Wnt, AKT, and Notch.
The cellular and molecular environment that regulates stem cell activity through growth factors, cytokines, and intercellular signals.

Down

A technique in which somatic cells are converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by expressing specific transcription factors.
The ability of stem cells to repair and replace damaged or deteriorated cells to restore tissue and cellular function.
The ability of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to regulate immune responses and reduce inflammation in various diseases.
The ability of pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, including the three germ layers.
Factors Molecules such as VEGF, FGF, and PDGF that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in stem cell-based therapies.
The tissue of origin for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.

15 Clues: A therapy that uses a patient’s own cells for treatment, reducing the risk of immune rejection. • The process by which hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow generate mature blood cells. • A procedure in which stem cells are administered to a patient to repair or replace damaged tissues. • ...

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis 2023-04-28

Across

cells that carry oxygen
double-stranded
unspecialized cells
allows for DNA to be reproduced
the piece of DNA that makes you you
process of making RNA from DNA
cells that have one function i.e muscle cells
using RNA to make amino acids

Down

cells that contract and expand all throughout the body
tube in a plant that transports water from roots to leaves
part of a plant that's in charge of the distribution of nutrients
single-stranded
the control of timing, location, and expression of Genes
specialized cells that send messages through the body
changes stem cells into specialized cells

The Immune System 2025-05-03

Across

smallest type of WBC
are substances that can elicit a response from B or T cells
cells record information to pathogen if it comes back
have antibodies receptors
discharge destructive enzymes
cells stimulate development of adaptive immunity in cells that contact the environment

Down

first responders
system consists of about 30 proteins that are activated by substances on microbe surfaces
cells actively secrete antibodies
Have T cell receptors
immunity very specific
provide innate defense, interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages
lymphocytes adaptive immunity
cells release chemicals leading to cell death
are found throughout the body

15 Clues: first responders • smallest type of WBC • Have T cell receptors • immunity very specific • have antibodies receptors • lymphocytes adaptive immunity • discharge destructive enzymes • are found throughout the body • cells actively secrete antibodies • cells release chemicals leading to cell death • cells record information to pathogen if it comes back • ...

Cells and Their Organelles 2021-09-16

Cells and Their Organelles crossword puzzle

Across

Ribosomes join amino acids together in a process called _______ synthesis.
Type of cell with no nucleus. These cells are only unicellular.
The "powerhouse" of the cell. Makes ATP (energy).
Both plant and animal cells are examples of this type of cell. It contains DNA inside a nucleus.
Found only in eukaryotic cells, this structure controls the cell and contains the DNA.
This structure supports and protects the cell. Found only in plant cells.
The scientist who said all cells must come from pre-existing cells.
A hair-like substance that aids in the movement of unicellular microorganisms.

Down

This organelle is used for storage.
The rough ER has _______ on its surface.
Found only in animal cells, these structures are used in cell division.
This organelle is like a waste disposal because it breaks down food and recycles old cell parts.
The cell _______ regulates what enters and exits the cell.
The _______ is like the post office because it packages proteins and then ships them off for storage or transport out of the cell.
The jelly-like substance found in all cells that holds the organelles.
The scientist who discovered microorganisms.
The organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
The scientist who discovered cells.
The smooth ER does not contain ribosomes. Its function is to make _______ and destroy toxins.

19 Clues: This organelle is used for storage. • The scientist who discovered cells. • The rough ER has _______ on its surface. • The scientist who discovered microorganisms. • The organelle where photosynthesis takes place. • The "powerhouse" of the cell. Makes ATP (energy). • The cell _______ regulates what enters and exits the cell. • ...

Biology extra credit 2025-10-27

Across

– Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
– Gel-like substance inside the cell containing organelles.
– Comparison that limits cell size; smaller cells are more efficient in exchanging materials.
– Proposed that all plants are made of cells.
– States that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from existing cells.
– First to observe living cells and microorganisms under a microscope.
– DNA and protein complex found in the nucleus; condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
– Specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Down

– Simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).
– Semi-permeable barrier controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
– Scientist who discovered and named cells while observing cork.
– The fluid part of the cytoplasm in which organelles are suspended.
– The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
– Proposed that all animals are made of cells.
– Complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

15 Clues: – Proposed that all plants are made of cells. • – Proposed that all animals are made of cells. • – Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells. • – Gel-like substance inside the cell containing organelles. • – Complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • – Scientist who discovered and named cells while observing cork. • ...

Cell Review 2023-02-28

Across

contains DNA and controls most of the cell processes
stores food, water, and waste
only in plant cells. Provides structure for cell
cells are the basic unit of life
not covered in ribosomes and makes lipids
makes energy from the sun via photosynthesis
assembles and packages proteins
make proteins for use inside the cell

Down

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for shipment out of the cell
tiny specialized structures that make up cells
regulates what enters and exits the cell
the "powerhouse". Makes energy for cell
a type of eukaryotic cell that includes animal cells
these cells contain a nucleus
these cells do not contain a nucleus
a type of eukaryotic cell that includes plant cells
a gel-like liquid that fills the inside of a cell

17 Clues: these cells contain a nucleus • stores food, water, and waste • assembles and packages proteins • cells are the basic unit of life • these cells do not contain a nucleus • make proteins for use inside the cell • the "powerhouse". Makes energy for cell • regulates what enters and exits the cell • not covered in ribosomes and makes lipids • ...

Connective tissue 2021-09-08

Across

uniocular adipocytes
most numerous cell of connective tissue
important cofactor in collagen synthesis
connective tissue found in lymphatic organs and spleen
abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid
resident cells involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions
produced by resident cells
cells specialized in depositing lipids
connective tissue with lots of cells and few fibers

Down

connective tissue with parallel arranged collagenous fibers
transient connective tissue cells
connective tissue with few cells and many fibers
resident phagocytic cell of connective tissue
fluid made up of nutrients and dissolved gases derived from plasma
formed in fibroblast, used in assembly of collagen fibrils
most abundant protein in the body
multiocular adipocytes
stain needed to see reticular fibers

18 Clues: uniocular adipocytes • multiocular adipocytes • produced by resident cells • transient connective tissue cells • most abundant protein in the body • stain needed to see reticular fibers • abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid • cells specialized in depositing lipids • most numerous cell of connective tissue • important cofactor in collagen synthesis • ...

Cells and Their Organelles 2021-09-16

Across

Ribosomes join amino acids together in a process called _______ synthesis.
Type of cell with no nucleus. These cells are only unicellular.
The "powerhouse" of the cell. Makes ATP (energy).
Both plant and animal cells are examples of this type of cell. It contains DNA inside a nucleus.
Found only in eukaryotic cells, this structure controls the cell and contains the DNA.
This structure supports and protects the cell. Found only in plant cells.
The scientist who said all cells must come from pre-existing cells.
A hair-like substance that aids in the movement of unicellular microorganisms.

Down

This organelle is used for storage.
The rough ER has _______ on its surface.
Found only in animal cells, these structures are used in cell division.
This organelle is like a waste disposal because it breaks down food and recycles old cell parts.
The cell _______ regulates what enters and exits the cell.
The _______ is like the post office because it packages proteins and then ships them off for storage or transport out of the cell.
The jelly-like substance found in all cells that holds the organelles.
The scientist who discovered microorganisms.
The organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
The scientist who discovered cells.
The smooth ER does not contain ribosomes. Its function is to make _______ and destroy toxins.

the blood 2020-03-24

Across

incision into a vein
is the modern name for thrombocytes
constitutes 55% of whole blood volume
gives red blood cells their color
blood condition that requires longer clotting times
number of liters of blood in the body
reduction in number of red blood cells
red blood cells
dissolved waste product transported in the plasma
waste product disposed of by the liver

Down

production of red blood cells
bacteria or toxins in the blood
blood clotting protein
chemical to dissolve existing blood clots
pertaining to blood
cells that protect against pathogens
cancer of the white blood cells
pertaining to blood

18 Clues: red blood cells • pertaining to blood • pertaining to blood • incision into a vein • blood clotting protein • production of red blood cells • bacteria or toxins in the blood • cancer of the white blood cells • gives red blood cells their color • is the modern name for thrombocytes • cells that protect against pathogens • constitutes 55% of whole blood volume • ...

Blood Cells & Hematopoietic System 2024-10-23

Blood Cells & Hematopoietic System crossword puzzle

Across

inflammatory response
gives rise to lymphocytes
white blood cells and platelets
formation of blood cells
monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes
platelets; cell fragments of megakaryocytes
give rise all other blood cells (beside lymphocytes)
mature RBCs lack nuclei and organelles

Down

fluid component of blood
attacks parasitic worms
found in lymphoid tissue (B&T cells)
where T cell maturation occurs in primary lymphoid organ
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
carries respiratory gasses, nutrients, and hormones; convey immune cells to site of infection; helps regulate body temp
contains the erythrocyte component in blood
body's bacteria slayers
complete cells;increase with bacterial or viral infections

17 Clues: inflammatory response • attacks parasitic worms • body's bacteria slayers • fluid component of blood • formation of blood cells • gives rise to lymphocytes • white blood cells and platelets • neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils • monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes • found in lymphoid tissue (B&T cells) • mature RBCs lack nuclei and organelles • ...

Greyson Williams Cell Review 2025-10-01

Greyson Williams Cell Review crossword puzzle

Across

Ships ribosomes across the cell
cells that are in animals
container that holds water
allows things in and out cell
jellylike thing inside cell
an extra wall in plant cells that help with supporting the cell
something that only has one cell
tiny things inside of chloroplasts
Proteins of the cell

Down

transports materials across the cell
a mini organ in cells
cell powerhouse
Something that has more than one cells
the most basics unit of life
cells that are in plants
brain of cell
organelle that makes plants green

17 Clues: brain of cell • cell powerhouse • Proteins of the cell • a mini organ in cells • cells that are in plants • cells that are in animals • container that holds water • jellylike thing inside cell • the most basics unit of life • allows things in and out cell • Ships ribosomes across the cell • something that only has one cell • organelle that makes plants green • ...

Cell Test Practice 2021-12-10

Across

the scientist who used the term cell
these keep cells healthy by using enzymes
the protective layer around plant cells
this is where photosynthesis occurs
these are a type of protein
the rules about cells
an unicellular organism that lives everywhere
this is where proteins are made
this is where your body produces ATP

Down

these pack and ship materials out of the cell
cells used in your immune system
this makes both lipids and proteins
the location of water/nutrient storage
cells being shaped for a certain job
a type of cell used in communication
this controls what enters/exits the cell
not a cell but needs cells as a host
the control center of the cell

18 Clues: the rules about cells • these are a type of protein • the control center of the cell • this is where proteins are made • cells used in your immune system • this makes both lipids and proteins • this is where photosynthesis occurs • the scientist who used the term cell • cells being shaped for a certain job • a type of cell used in communication • ...

Meiosis 2024-03-28

Across

Egg and sperm combine to form this
Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
The male gamete
Specialized cells used for sexual reproduction
Chromosomes swap portions of their DNA (one word)
Chromosomes randomly line up during Metaphase
Independent assortment and crossing over ________ genetic variety
Sister chromatids are separated

Down

Makes 2 identical diploid cells
The number of cells made in meiosis
The female gamete
A cell that only has one of each chromosome
Makes 4 genetically different haploid cells
A cell that has two of each chromosome
The number of cells made in mitosis
Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
Mitosis creates genetically ___________ cells
Homologous chromosomes are separated

18 Clues: The male gamete • The female gamete • Makes 2 identical diploid cells • Sister chromatids are separated • Egg and sperm combine to form this • The number of cells made in meiosis • The number of cells made in mitosis • Homologous chromosomes are separated • A cell that has two of each chromosome • A cell that only has one of each chromosome • ...

bio unit 3 2025-10-15

Across

chromosomes gather at opposite ends and lost shape
sister chromatids separate into individual
process in which cells divide into daughter cells
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
process in which cells divide into 2 new daughter cells
a reason cells divide
what genetic information is made up of
found in animals made of microtubules
this condenses into chromosomes made up of two chromatids
becomes visible in each daughter cell during telophase

Down

division of cytoplasm
type of tumor thats cancerous
chromosomes line up across the center
timing of the cell is regulated by
longest stage of cell cycle
type of tumor thats not cancerous
holds together 2 identical sister chromatids
a reason that cells divide that starts with g
a reason cells divide
each chromosome is connected to this at the centromere

20 Clues: division of cytoplasm • a reason cells divide • a reason cells divide • longest stage of cell cycle • type of tumor thats cancerous • type of tumor thats not cancerous • timing of the cell is regulated by • chromatin condenses into chromosomes • chromosomes line up across the center • found in animals made of microtubules • what genetic information is made up of • ...

Endosymbiotic Theory 2022-09-01

Across

performs various jobs in cells
simple sugar
earliest known form of life
found in plant cells
requires oxygen
process of using sunlight to make food

Down

powerhouse of the cells
produces protein
membrane separates interior of cell from outside
a type of cell division
cells lack a nucleus
fission asexual reproduction in bacteria
cells has a nucleus
provides energy in living cells
genetic material

15 Clues: simple sugar • requires oxygen • produces protein • genetic material • cells has a nucleus • cells lack a nucleus • found in plant cells • powerhouse of the cells • a type of cell division • earliest known form of life • performs various jobs in cells • provides energy in living cells • process of using sunlight to make food • fission asexual reproduction in bacteria • ...

Chapter 4 2025-03-03

Across

Jointed cells that have a common function
Channels of cells made of protein that allows movemtent of ions and water
tight compacts cells that must control substances that goes in and out of body
made of protein confer strength and flexible
hormones that secrete into the bloodstream
An anchor that connect the epithelium to a connective tiisue
excrete substance within hollow organs
single layer of cells thats thin, allowing small enough molecules to pass

Down

consists of sheet cells that line body parts
not many cells but the matrix supports the organs against gravity and holds body together
Cells loosely compacted allowing cells to stretch and bend
multiple layers of cells that provides protection
protein that connect cells together
epithelium tissues that synthesize and secrete product
Responsible for secreting the products that compose collagen,elastin,and reticular fibers

15 Clues: protein that connect cells together • excrete substance within hollow organs • Jointed cells that have a common function • hormones that secrete into the bloodstream • consists of sheet cells that line body parts • made of protein confer strength and flexible • multiple layers of cells that provides protection • epithelium tissues that synthesize and secrete product • ...

Cell Features and Organelles 2013-10-02

Cell Features and Organelles crossword puzzle

Across

carries out functions in eukaryotic cells
holds cells together and keeps the cell membrane from collapsing
provides movement of eukaryotic cells
internal compartment holding DNA in eukaryotic cells
organism with one cell containing no nucleus
structure where proteins are made
bilayer double-layered phospholipid in cell membrane
system of internal membranes moving cell substances
the cell interior
organelles containing a cell's digestive enzymes

Down

wall surrounds cell membrane, provides support (always in plant cells)
vacuole membrane-bound space that takes up most of a plant cell's volume
packaging and distribution system in a cell
small sac that transports substances
threadlike structures enabling cell movement
made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids
powerhouse of a cell
organelles that use photosynthesis for food
organism whose cells have a nucleus

19 Clues: the cell interior • powerhouse of a cell • structure where proteins are made • organism whose cells have a nucleus • small sac that transports substances • provides movement of eukaryotic cells • carries out functions in eukaryotic cells • packaging and distribution system in a cell • organelles that use photosynthesis for food • threadlike structures enabling cell movement • ...

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