cells Crossword Puzzles
Chapter 6 CrossWord Puzzle 2021-03-16
Across
- MHC molecule present on all the nucleated cells
- specialized proteins that display host-cell associated antigens to T lymphocytes
- Dendritic cells that are efficient at recognizing and capturing protein antigens
- protein that is critical in the rate of transcription of the MHC molecules
- antigens that are required in the absence of infection for optimal T cell response to purified protein antigens
- the membrane-bound molecules of APCs that function together with antigen to stimulate T cells
- cells that capture antigens and display them to T lymphocytes (no need to mention ‘cells’)
Down
- associated protein bound to Class II MHC molecules during its synthesis in the ER
- Cells presenting peptide-MHC complexes to maturing T cells in the thymus (no need to mention ‘cells’)
- type of antigen displayed by APCs for the recognition by T lymphocytes
- organ that captures blood-borne antigens
- t cells that are activated by dendritic cells but not by macrophages or B cells
- process that gives the ability to DCs to capture ans ingest virus-infected cells and present the viral antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells
- phenomenon that a single T cell can recognize a specific peptide displayed by only one of the large number of different MHC molecules
- the principle cytokine involved in stimulating the expression of class II molecules in APCs such as DCs
15 Clues: organ that captures blood-borne antigens • MHC molecule present on all the nucleated cells • type of antigen displayed by APCs for the recognition by T lymphocytes • protein that is critical in the rate of transcription of the MHC molecules • t cells that are activated by dendritic cells but not by macrophages or B cells • ...
Retina Lab 2026-04-09
Across
- Cone pedicle and flat (OFF) bipolar cell
- Line that marks the termination of the photoreceptor cells of the retina anteriorly.
- Avascular from outer plexiform later to the RPE
- Cells that make synapses in the inner plexiform layer.
- “What pathway”- These cells are more sensitive to light and thus are the receptors primarily used in period of low light intensity, but the resulting image is monochromatic.
- Horizontal cells, rod bipolar, and rod spherule
- Small shallow depression in the center of the macular where light is focused.
- Contains axons of rod and cone bipolar and amacrine cells and the dendritic trees of the retinal ganglion cells and the interplexiform neurons that send feedback from IPL to the OPL.
Down
- The final element of the neural retina consisting of the expanded terminal portions of Muller glia and astrocytes.
- Contains the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, interplexiform neurons, and Muller cells.
- 2 horizontal cells and an invaginating ON bipolar cells
- Collects input from between 15 and 30 rod spherules in the outer plexiform layer.
- “Where pathway”- These cells are sensitive to specific wavelengths of light allowing you to discern colors and more detailed visual information, but they require more intense illumination.
- Multilayered structure containing photoreceptors as well as neurons and glia
- Where the external and the initial limiting membranes (ELM and ILM) are formed.
15 Clues: Cone pedicle and flat (OFF) bipolar cell • Avascular from outer plexiform later to the RPE • Horizontal cells, rod bipolar, and rod spherule • Cells that make synapses in the inner plexiform layer. • 2 horizontal cells and an invaginating ON bipolar cells • Multilayered structure containing photoreceptors as well as neurons and glia • ...
science 2022-11-01
Across
- specialized so that all jobs in the body get done
- releases the stored energy from food eaten
- middles of the cell
- chromosomes separate (pull apart)
- breaking down food into smaller pieces
- movement of water
- different tissues working together to do a specific job
- removal of waste matter
- food making process in plants
- movement of substances
- makes reproductive cells
Down
- waste products
- can only be eukaryotic
- highest level of organization
- raw materials
- centrioles appear at poles (sides)
- groups of organs
- nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus
- makes body cells for growth
- can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- cytoplasm splits into 2 equal halves
- cells makes a copy of DNA
- similar to cells organized to do a specific job
23 Clues: raw materials • waste products • groups of organs • movement of water • middles of the cell • can only be eukaryotic • movement of substances • removal of waste matter • makes reproductive cells • cells makes a copy of DNA • makes body cells for growth • highest level of organization • food making process in plants • can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic • chromosomes separate (pull apart) • ...
Intro to Histology 2020-10-01
Across
- part of the somatic nervous syste,
- cartilage
- provides strength to tendons and ligaments
- blood
- looks glassy and is low in fibers
- Sweat glands
- stores substances vital to us.
- cells spill products
- cubed shaped cells, found in the kidney
- tight packed cells, found in the digestive tract
- eats away at the foreign substances
- bone tissue
- found in your bladder
- connective tissue proper
- found in the heart and is involuntary.
- provides flexible cushioning
Down
- found in the respiratory system
- involiuntary non-straid muscle tissue
- detects foreign substances
- diffuses materials, found in lungs
- specialized cell that emits nervous impulses
- thick layers
- compressed fat cells
- contains lots of collagen
- mammary glands
- bone
- stiff framework that supports other cells
27 Clues: bone • blood • cartilage • bone tissue • Sweat glands • thick layers • mammary glands • cells spill products • compressed fat cells • found in your bladder • connective tissue proper • contains lots of collagen • detects foreign substances • provides flexible cushioning • stores substances vital to us. • found in the respiratory system • looks glassy and is low in fibers • ...
Blood System 2023-04-06
Across
- Substance formed when RBC's break down
- Universal Blood Recipient
- Immune cell with granules in reactions
- Help form blood clots
- Carries nutrients, hormones and proteins
- Deficiency of Red Blood Cells
- Develop into many types of cells to repair
- Release enzymes for immune system
- Spins to separate blood contents
Down
- Made in the liver and forms fibrin
- Protein in blood carrying oxygen
- Professional trained for blood draws
- Type of white blood cell removes dead cells
- Puncture of the vein for medical purposes
- Universal Blood Donor
- Spongy tissue in bone holding blood cells
- Blood fluid that does not clot
- Protein found in blood
- Red Blood cell, made in bone marrow
- White blood cell, helps immune system
20 Clues: Universal Blood Donor • Help form blood clots • Protein found in blood • Universal Blood Recipient • Deficiency of Red Blood Cells • Blood fluid that does not clot • Protein in blood carrying oxygen • Spins to separate blood contents • Release enzymes for immune system • Made in the liver and forms fibrin • Red Blood cell, made in bone marrow • Professional trained for blood draws • ...
Science Vocabulary 2024-01-11
Across
- Small grain organs that produce proteins.
- Recives protiens from the ER and distributes to cells
- Made of many different tissues
- It controls what goes in and out a cell
- A rigid layer that surrounds cells.
- Something made of many cells
- System A group of organs together to make one big function
- A network of membranes that produce substances
Down
- Many tiny cell structures
- A group of cells that work together to make a function
- Something made of many cells
- A cells control center and directs cells
- Captures energy from sunlight and forms energy cells
- Converts energy stored in food so the cells can live
- Stores water, food, and other materials needed in a cell
- Fills the gap between the cell membrane and nucleus
- Breaks down large substances into smaller ones
17 Clues: Many tiny cell structures • Something made of many cells • Something made of many cells • Made of many different tissues • A rigid layer that surrounds cells. • It controls what goes in and out a cell • A cells control center and directs cells • Small grain organs that produce proteins. • Breaks down large substances into smaller ones • ...
Cell Theory 2023-10-17
Across
- scientist credited with discovering cells
- flow occurs within cells
- All cells have the same basic chemical _____________.
- The cell is the structural & functional unit of all ______ things.
- All cells come from ____________ cells.
- published a paper stating that all organisms are composed of cells.
- first person to observe bacteria
Down
- last name of father and son duo credited with inventing the first compound microscope.
- cell _____ states that all organisms are made of cells and is the
- information (DNA) is passed on from generation to generation
- of modern biology
- tated that the different parts of plants are composed of cells.
- All living things are made up of:
- said every cell originates from another cell
14 Clues: of modern biology • flow occurs within cells • first person to observe bacteria • All living things are made up of: • All cells come from ____________ cells. • scientist credited with discovering cells • said every cell originates from another cell • All cells have the same basic chemical _____________. • information (DNA) is passed on from generation to generation • ...
Computer Terms 2016-10-20
Across
- a function that totals all of the
- A set of text properties that affects the typeface, size, and similar aspects of text
- a shortcut that enables you to navigate to a web page or a location in another file in just one click of the mouse
- A tool that enables you to set the order of multiple rules, fine-tune rule settings, and more
- A predefined formula that performs a calculation
- An excel feature that enables you to specify how cells that meet one or more given conditions should be displayed
- a function that returns the largest value in a set of values
- A formatting characteristic, such as bold, italic, or underlined text
- A feature found in most office applications that allows you to quickly copy formatting attributes that you have already applied and "paint" those attributes onto other text, shapes, pictures, and worksheet cells
- a function that calculates (by Default) the total from the adjacent cell through the first nonnumeric cell using the sum function in its formula
Down
- A function that determines the minimum value in a range of cells
- A function that returns the number of cells in the selected range that contain text or values, but not blank cells
- To automatically display data on the next line when it is too long to display within the cells width. Wrapping automatically increases a cells height
- Two or more cells combined into a single cell
- Arrange in a line or bring into alignment
- A function that counts the number of black cells in a range
- A formatting tool that appears above or below the shortcut menu when you right click a cell and that displays the most commonly used formatting commands
- Function a function that determines how many cells in a range contain a number
- A set of formatting attributes that you can apply to a cell or range of cells more easily than by setting each attribute individually
- A formula that calculates (by Default) the total from the adjacent cell through the first nonnumeric cell using the sum function
20 Clues: a function that totals all of the • Arrange in a line or bring into alignment • Two or more cells combined into a single cell • A predefined formula that performs a calculation • A function that counts the number of black cells in a range • a function that returns the largest value in a set of values • A function that determines the minimum value in a range of cells • ...
AP biology vocabulary 2023-12-05
Across
- furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site.
- containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
- factor - specific cyclin-Cdk complex which allows cells to pass G2 and go to the M phase
- tumor - cancerous and can spread cancer cells throughout one's body through the blood or lymphatic system
- kinases - protein enzyme controls cell cycle; active when connected to cyclin
- AMP - an intracellular second messenger to a wide variety of hormones and neurotransmitters
- Transduction - the process in which binding of an extracellular messenger to the cell surface receptor.
- cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand
- membrane receptors - these are proteins that are found on the surface of cells and span the plasma membrane
- inhibition - crowded cells normally stop dividing; cell-surface protein binds to adjoining cells to inhibit growth
- kinases - enzymes that regulate the biological activity of protein by phosphorylation of specific amino acids with ATP as the source of phosphate
- fission - asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.
- receptors - receptor proteins found in inside of the cell typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Down
- - a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
- - the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.
- - cells separate from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body
- amplification - carried out when the typical signal output level of a sensor is considered to be too low.
- - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule.
- - the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
- feedback - A case where outputs from a system are subsequently fed back into it, minimizing or reducing the effect of subsequent iterations.
- messengers - small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector protein.
- dependence - cells must be attached to another cell or ECM (extracellular matrix) to divide
- phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule
- signaling - the signaling molecules (hormones) are secreted by specialized endocrine cells
- cyclase - it catalyze the reaction producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
25 Clues: phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule • - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule. • cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand • furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. • containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. • ...
AP biology vocabulary 2023-12-05
Across
- furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site.
- containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
- factor - specific cyclin-Cdk complex which allows cells to pass G2 and go to the M phase
- tumor - cancerous and can spread cancer cells throughout one's body through the blood or lymphatic system
- kinases - protein enzyme controls cell cycle; active when connected to cyclin
- AMP - an intracellular second messenger to a wide variety of hormones and neurotransmitters
- Transduction - the process in which binding of an extracellular messenger to the cell surface receptor.
- cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand
- membrane receptors - these are proteins that are found on the surface of cells and span the plasma membrane
- inhibition - crowded cells normally stop dividing; cell-surface protein binds to adjoining cells to inhibit growth
- kinases - enzymes that regulate the biological activity of protein by phosphorylation of specific amino acids with ATP as the source of phosphate
- fission - asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.
- receptors - receptor proteins found in inside of the cell typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Down
- - a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
- - the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.
- - cells separate from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body
- amplification - carried out when the typical signal output level of a sensor is considered to be too low.
- - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule.
- - the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
- feedback - A case where outputs from a system are subsequently fed back into it, minimizing or reducing the effect of subsequent iterations.
- messengers - small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector protein.
- dependence - cells must be attached to another cell or ECM (extracellular matrix) to divide
- phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule
- signaling - the signaling molecules (hormones) are secreted by specialized endocrine cells
- cyclase - it catalyze the reaction producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
25 Clues: phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule • - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule. • cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand • furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. • containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. • ...
Biology- ch 4 extra credit- Grace Schultz 2025-10-23
Across
- short hairlike structures that help cells move or filter particles
- has ribosomes, transports proteins to golgi body
- makes ribosomes and RNA
- harvest energy from organic compounds and transfer it into ATP
- includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and organelles except the nucleus
- digestive enzymes
- Stores water, enzymes, and waste. Provides support for plant tissue.
- 1665 discovered cells in slices of cork
- fluid surrounding thylakoids
- store starch and pigments
- converts light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis
- directs cell activities and stores DNA in the form of chromatin
- 1855 determined that cells come from preexisting cells
- Phospholipid bilayer behaves more like a fluid than a solid
- a sac filled with fluid
- Outer boundary, covers surface, acts as a barrier
- specialized structures in a cell
- organisms are made of 1+ cells, basic units of structure/function, from preexisting cells
- fluid part of the cell
- surface area increases by a factor of 2, and volume a factor of 3
- detoxification enzymes
- stacks of thylakoids (like stacks of coins)
- hallow proteins (largest)
Down
- have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- solid proteins (smallest)
- stores starch
- builds lipids, detoxification, transports lipids to golgi body
- smallest unit that can carry out all processes of life
- 1839 discovered animal cells
- 1838 discovered plant cells
- 1673 first to observe living cells (microorganisms)
- DNA, sometimes floating in cytosol, sometimes contained in nucleus
- processes and packages proteins and lipids from the ER
- green pigment
- double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
- rigid structure made of cellulose, found in plant cells
- microtubules involved in cell division
- made of protein fibers; helps cells move and maintain their shape
- medium sized proteins
- lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- found in cytoplasm
- attached to surface of rough ER
- long hairlike structures that whip for movement
- inner membrane of mitochondria
- stores red, orange, and yellow pigments
- fluid on the inside of the mitochondria
46 Clues: stores starch • green pigment • digestive enzymes • found in cytoplasm • medium sized proteins • fluid part of the cell • detoxification enzymes • makes ribosomes and RNA • a sac filled with fluid • solid proteins (smallest) • store starch and pigments • hallow proteins (largest) • 1838 discovered plant cells • 1839 discovered animal cells • fluid surrounding thylakoids • ...
Basic Immunology 2020-04-05
Across
- Inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site.
- Response is mostly IgG.
- The actual part of an antigen that interacts with the immune cell to stimulate the immune response and antibody production.
- Secreted early in the immune response.
- What is LFA-1?
- Cells that have not yet encountered their specific antigens.
- Proteins produce by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance.
- Term given when 2 cytokines combine and give greater effects.
- Cells involved in killing of antibody-coated parasites.
- Proteins are sequentially activated in a cascade.
Down
- A specific type of antigen that is able to induce adaptive immune response if injected on its own.
- Antiviral Defense
- Binding of peptide by MHC molecule and displaying the complex on the cell surface.
- It is a substance of low molecular weight, which can react with specific antibody without inducing immune response.
- Neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis.
- Mediated by antibodies, which are produced by cells called B lymphocytes.
- A molecule is expressed IgM and IgD on its surface.
- Degradation of proteins into peptides.
- It is an automatic response to cell injury that eliminates harmful agents & removes dead tissues.
- Proteins produced by pathogens but not processed by antigen presenting cells.
- Antibody crosses the placenta.
- Is the coordinated reaction of these cells and molecules to infectious microbes.
- A chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division by mitosis.
- Mediated by cells called T lymphocytes.
- Nneutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors released by injured cells.
- Cells involved in phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms.
- Is where phagocytic cells surround and ingest foreign materials.
- Binding of C3b to microbe
- A molecule is to induce the movement of leukocytes up a concentration gradient and toward the chemokine source.
- The region at which arms of the antibody (ab) molecule forms a Y.
30 Clues: What is LFA-1? • Antiviral Defense • Response is mostly IgG. • Binding of C3b to microbe • Antibody crosses the placenta. • Degradation of proteins into peptides. • Secreted early in the immune response. • Mediated by cells called T lymphocytes. • Proteins are sequentially activated in a cascade. • A molecule is expressed IgM and IgD on its surface. • ...
VCE Biology Orientation Terms 2017-12-22
Across
- wall A semi-rigid structure located outside of the plasma (cell) membrane in plant, fungal and bacterial cells.
- An organelle that contains DNA and controls cellular activity.
- Refers to a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes.
- The ability cells have to self-destruct.
- cell Any cell of an organism apart from reproductive cells and that reproduces by mitosis.
- A complete set of genetic instructions for a given organism
- Twisted and long strands of DNA
- acid A substance found in chromosomes and that is responsible for storing the genetic information of a particular organism.
- Stage of mitosis during which chromosomes align around the equator of a spindle
- A macromolecule that is made up of repeating amino acids and that is vital for the body to function properly.
- A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
- cell Cells found in gonads and that reproduce by meiosis.
- A process of cell division undertaken by diploid cells, of which as a result 2 daughter cells are produced.
Down
- Different forms of a particular gene.
- A type of cell division which results in 4 daughter cells being produced.
- A specialized sub-unit of a cell that has a particular function.
- Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes contract and become visible.
- Stage of mitosis in which new nuclear membranes form around the separated groups of chromosomes.
- Fibre Clusters of microtubules that grow out from the centrioles at the opposite ends of a spindle.
- The tight banding found in all chromosomes usually around the centre.
- A period of cell growth and DNA synthesis during the mitotic cell cycle.
- Any cells or organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- A visual representation of all the organisms found in an organism.
- An organelle containing RNA that is the major site of protein production in cells.
- A cellular organelle involved in cellular division
- The cells produced after meiosis that form sperm or egg cells.
- Refers to a cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes.
28 Clues: Twisted and long strands of DNA • Different forms of a particular gene. • The ability cells have to self-destruct. • A cellular organelle involved in cellular division • Refers to a cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes. • A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein • Refers to a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes. • ...
Cells By: Delaney, Mya, and Fatuyamu 2019-05-21
Across
- an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur
- organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes
- (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
- the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus
- a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan
- a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane
- a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
- any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
- a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
- a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
Down
- a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells
- a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
- a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment
- a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
- the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Animalia
- the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae
- a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
- an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
- a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
20 Clues: the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae • the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Animalia • organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes • the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus • any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. • ...
A&P - Blood 2024-03-28
Across
- the protein in red blood cells that actually carries the oxygen
- a fancy word for blood clotting
- a fancy word for platelets
- where new blood cells are formed
- a cellular part of the blood; carries oxygen
- first step of forming a blood clot when the blood vessel constricts
- a baby blood cell; a type of stem cell that forms into blood cells
- the antigen referred to in the + or - part of a blood type
- a cellular part of the blood; immune system cells
- type of anemia where blood cells are shaped wrong
- a product of the immune system that helps protect against foreign invaders
- a fancy word for white blood cells
- reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen
- when a blood cell bursts
- a cellular part of the blood; form blood clots
- protein mesh that helps form a blood clot
Down
- anyone with the blood type O-
- a blood test that determines the relative amount of red blood cells in a blood sample
- blood clot that moves in a blood vessel
- a "plug" that forms to stop bleeding
- anyone with the blood type AB+
- bone marrow cancer
- blood clot that is stuck in a blood vessel
- when the blood clumps up during blood typing or a reaction to transfusion of the wrong blood type
- when the fibrin starts to trap red blood cells in a blood clot
- refers to the A, B, AB, and O blood types
- fluid tissue that carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and other substances
- the process of making new blood cells
- disorder when blood does not clot properly
- a bunch of sticky platelets that clog up a damaged area and signal for more platelets to come
- a fancy word for red blood cells
- a "tag" on the surface of cells for identification, etc.; this is what determines the blood type
- the liquid portion of blood; made mostly of water
33 Clues: bone marrow cancer • when a blood cell bursts • a fancy word for platelets • anyone with the blood type O- • anyone with the blood type AB+ • a fancy word for blood clotting • where new blood cells are formed • a fancy word for red blood cells • a fancy word for white blood cells • a "plug" that forms to stop bleeding • the process of making new blood cells • ...
serkjvb esjlrbv ije 2024-05-16
Across
- basic unit of life
- structures in cells that perform specific tasks
- a tail prokaryotic cells use to move
- how cells make proteins
- multiple cells performing the same tasks
- cell storage
- the liquid inside the cell
Down
- layer specific to plant cells
- the powerhouse of the cell
- where DNA is stored in eukaryotic cells
- delivers proteins
- organelle responsible for photosynthesis
- takes proteins to the golgi bodies
- organelle that breaks down food
- the layer outside the cell
15 Clues: cell storage • delivers proteins • basic unit of life • how cells make proteins • the powerhouse of the cell • the layer outside the cell • the liquid inside the cell • layer specific to plant cells • organelle that breaks down food • takes proteins to the golgi bodies • a tail prokaryotic cells use to move • where DNA is stored in eukaryotic cells • ...
Biology Crossword 2016-06-09
Across
- cell Cells that does not undergo apoptosis; reproduces uncontrollably
- Pinching of the cell membrane
- Imaging produces images of organs and tissues within the body
- The balance that your body works to maintain
- Cells look different and perform different functions; before specialization
- Make leaves green; photosynthesis
- Enzymes that destroy wastes
- All the components inside the cell membrane
- Openings on the underside of leaves
Down
- Unspecialized cells
- One-way tubes that transport water
- Make a person immune to infection by vaccination
- The power house of the cell!
- Cells develop in different ways to perform different functions
- Self-destruction of cells
- Cell division
- Storage space in a cell
- Long piece of coiled DNA and proteins
- Two-way tubes that transport sugar
- Basic component of life
20 Clues: Cell division • Unspecialized cells • Storage space in a cell • Basic component of life • Self-destruction of cells • Enzymes that destroy wastes • The power house of the cell! • Pinching of the cell membrane • Make leaves green; photosynthesis • One-way tubes that transport water • Two-way tubes that transport sugar • Openings on the underside of leaves • ...
Biology Crossword 2016-06-09
Across
- One-way tubes that transport water
- Make leaves green; photosynthesis
- Self-destruction of cells
- The power house of the cell!
- Long piece of coiled DNA and proteins
- Make a person immune to infection by vaccination
- Storage space in a cell
- Cells develop in different ways to perform different functions
- Openings on the underside of leaves
- Two-way tubes that transport sugar
Down
- Cell division
- Cells look different and perform different functions; before specialization
- Enzymes that destroy wastes
- Basic component of life
- Pinching of the cell membrane
- The balance that your body works to maintain
- All the components inside the cell membrane
- Unspecialized cells
- Imaging produces images of organs and tissues within the body
- cell Cells that does not undergo apoptosis; reproduces uncontrollably
20 Clues: Cell division • Unspecialized cells • Basic component of life • Storage space in a cell • Self-destruction of cells • Enzymes that destroy wastes • The power house of the cell! • Pinching of the cell membrane • Make leaves green; photosynthesis • One-way tubes that transport water • Two-way tubes that transport sugar • Openings on the underside of leaves • ...
Final Exam Crossword Puzzle 2024-06-04
Across
- This cell has a nucleus
- Robert Hooke main discovery
- Produces four daughter cells
- You use this unit to measure liquids
- The theory that all living things are made up of cells
- This kind of crust is denser
- This gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere
- Two tectonic plates moving past each other
- Van Leeuwenhoek
- Produces two daughter cells
Down
- A structure found inside the nucleus
- Can be found on the left side of the graph
- Smallest unit to measure
- Biggest unit used to measure
- Two tectonic plates moving away from each other
- Can be found at the bottom of a graph
- Simplest cell form
- Two tectonic plates moving towards each other
- Cells other than gametes
- Reproductive cells
20 Clues: Van Leeuwenhoek • Simplest cell form • Reproductive cells • This cell has a nucleus • Smallest unit to measure • Cells other than gametes • Robert Hooke main discovery • Produces two daughter cells • Biggest unit used to measure • Produces four daughter cells • This kind of crust is denser • A structure found inside the nucleus • You use this unit to measure liquids • ...
Animal Cell Crossword 2023-09-05
Across
- protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell
- surrounds the outside of ALL cells
- makes proteins through translation
- moves fluid across the cells surface
- do not have a nucleus
- give the cell shape and can move organelles around
- helps cells move
- composed of many cells
- makes rRna which makes up ribosomes
- breaks down food for energy
- transport proteins around the cell
Down
- has a nucleus
- programmed cell death
- processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed
- help cells during cell division
- storage for the cell
- specialized structures within a cell that work together
- holds everything in place and provides a solution for chemical reactions to take place in
- one composed of one cell
- breaks down dead stuff
20 Clues: has a nucleus • helps cells move • storage for the cell • programmed cell death • do not have a nucleus • composed of many cells • breaks down dead stuff • one composed of one cell • breaks down food for energy • help cells during cell division • surrounds the outside of ALL cells • makes proteins through translation • transport proteins around the cell • ...
Biology Choice Board Puzzle 2024-03-06
Across
- Lose, uncondensed DNA
- In plants, a cell ______ forms between the two cells.
- Normal growth during this phase.
- Condensed DNA is called ______.
- Animal cell division results in a ______ furrow.
- DNA and _____ are duplicated during S-Phase.
- _____ control spindle apparatus.
- Chromosomes are made of two sister _________.
- Meiosis results in the production of _____ daughter cells.
- Longest phase of cell cycle.
- Nuclear membrane disappears in _______.
- Phase where DNA is replicated.
Down
- Spindle fibers attach to the ______ of a chromosome.
- Chromosomes lined up at the equator of the cell.
- _____ cells are the result of cell division.
- ________ chromosomes have the same information.
- Produces cells with the same information.
- During telophase, daughter ______ form.
- Cells use division as a means of ________.
- ______ are produced through meiosis.
- DNA is pulled to poles.
21 Clues: Lose, uncondensed DNA • DNA is pulled to poles. • Longest phase of cell cycle. • Phase where DNA is replicated. • Condensed DNA is called ______. • Normal growth during this phase. • _____ control spindle apparatus. • ______ are produced through meiosis. • During telophase, daughter ______ form. • Nuclear membrane disappears in _______. • ...
Plant cells 2017-08-08
Across
- The tail of a phospholipid.
- Serves a function for photosynthesis.
- Used to keep a cell the right turgidity.
- Pores within a plant cell.
- Manufactures and stores particular protiens
- The head of a phospholipid.
Down
- Used within protein synthesis.
- Is made up of the Phospholipid Bi-layer and is rigid on a plant cell.
- Is the powerhouse of the cell.
- Enzymes control this area for which chemical process take part in.
- Composed of two regions containing both rough and smooth ribosomes.
- Held within is the genetic material needed to perform varies activities within the cell
- Held within the nucleus
- Deoxyribonucleic acid.
14 Clues: Deoxyribonucleic acid. • Held within the nucleus • Pores within a plant cell. • The tail of a phospholipid. • The head of a phospholipid. • Used within protein synthesis. • Is the powerhouse of the cell. • Serves a function for photosynthesis. • Used to keep a cell the right turgidity. • Manufactures and stores particular protiens • ...
Cells Revision 2018-05-23
Across
- Part of a cell where aerobic respiration takes place.
- This is an undifferentiated cell that can become any type of cell.
- The process that enables plants to take in mineral ions from the soil.
- Word used to describe a type of cell that is adapted to its function, e.g. nerve cell.
- An organism that contains small and simple cells. An example is a bacterium.
- This is where a green pigment called chlorophyll is found that absorbs light.
- Part of a plant cell but not an animal cell.
- An organism that contains complex cells. Examples include plants and animals.
Down
- A process that involves a semi-permeable membrane.
- Transport process that doesn't require energy.
- The process where cells become specialised for a particular function.
- When you make an object appear bigger than it actually is.
- The ability to distinguish between two separate points.
- Part of the cell that contains genetic information.
14 Clues: Part of a plant cell but not an animal cell. • Transport process that doesn't require energy. • A process that involves a semi-permeable membrane. • Part of the cell that contains genetic information. • Part of a cell where aerobic respiration takes place. • The ability to distinguish between two separate points. • ...
Fuel Cells 2013-10-06
Across
- What catalyst is used in molten carbonate fuel cells?
- What is the catalyst used in alkaline fuel cells?
- Fuel cells have a higher ________ compared to diesel or gas engines
- What charge does the cathode have?
- What is formed at the cathode?
- The electrolyte used in alkaline fuel cells is potassium ________
- Solid oxide fuel cells operate at a high _______
- Fuel cells operate with very little _________
Down
- _______ is also released in fuel cells
- What charge does the anode have?
- The PEM acts as the ________ in PEM fuel cells
- Proton _______ Membrane
- A PEM only allows ________ charged particles to flow through it
- A fuel cell converts ___________ energy to electrical energy
14 Clues: Proton _______ Membrane • What is formed at the cathode? • What charge does the anode have? • What charge does the cathode have? • _______ is also released in fuel cells • Fuel cells operate with very little _________ • The PEM acts as the ________ in PEM fuel cells • Solid oxide fuel cells operate at a high _______ • What is the catalyst used in alkaline fuel cells? • ...
Cells puzzle 2020-09-15
Across
- contain the green pigment chlorophyll
- site of the cellular respiration
- include bacteria
- made of proteins and phospholipids
- contain digestive enzymes
- include animal and plant cells
Down
- site of protein synthesis
- gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells
- receive and modify proteins made by ER
- has ribosomes on its surface and makes protein
- hold sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes and pigments
- controls the normal activities of the cells
- lacks ribosomes and makes lipis and protein
- are the basics unit of organism
14 Clues: include bacteria • site of protein synthesis • contain digestive enzymes • include animal and plant cells • are the basics unit of organism • site of the cellular respiration • made of proteins and phospholipids • contain the green pigment chlorophyll • receive and modify proteins made by ER • controls the normal activities of the cells • ...
Cells Appetizer 2020-09-15
Across
- An organism whose cells contain a nucleus
- The powerhouse of the cell
- The part of the cell that contains DNA
- Make proteins
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Converts light into glucose in plants
- Found in plant cells and provides support
- A substance that organelles float in
Down
- Packages proteins
- Helps assemble molecules like proteins
- These small (kind of) living things are not prokaryote An organism with cells that have no nucleus
- Digests old material
- Stores materials in the cell (mostly water)
- Gives a cell its shape
14 Clues: Make proteins • Packages proteins • Digests old material • Gives a cell its shape • The powerhouse of the cell • A substance that organelles float in • Converts light into glucose in plants • Helps assemble molecules like proteins • The part of the cell that contains DNA • An organism whose cells contain a nucleus • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • ...
Madison Cells 2023-03-27
Across
- The digestive system of the cell.
- Stores things.
- Allows DNA to be copied during the cell divisions.
- Membrane bound cell organelles.
- Produces energy through photosynthesis and oxygen release processes .
- enables movement.
- Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Down
- Dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell, including calcium storage, protein photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism.
- Provides strength and protection against bad stuff.
- The membrane enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
- The site of protein creation.
- The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus.
- Moves water relative to the cell in a regular movement.
- Functions as a factory where proteins that come from the ER ae sorted.
14 Clues: Stores things. • enables movement. • The site of protein creation. • Membrane bound cell organelles. • The digestive system of the cell. • Allows DNA to be copied during the cell divisions. • Provides strength and protection against bad stuff. • The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. • Moves water relative to the cell in a regular movement. • ...
Cells Definitions 2024-10-16
Across
- Movement of molecules from low to high concentration
- Plant-like unicellular organism
- Building blocks of life
- Where respiration happens
- Group of tissues that work together
- Made up of many cells
Down
- Made up of just one cell
- Method of transferring energy from glucose
- Number of particles of a substance in an area
- Group of cells that work together
- Animal-like unicellular organism
- Filled with chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- A tail-like structure that works like a propeller
- Group of organ systems working together
14 Clues: Made up of many cells • Building blocks of life • Made up of just one cell • Where respiration happens • Plant-like unicellular organism • Animal-like unicellular organism • Group of cells that work together • Group of tissues that work together • Group of organ systems working together • Method of transferring energy from glucose • Filled with chlorophyll for photosynthesis • ...
BHS 316 immunology chapter 1 vocab 2021-07-07
Across
- (1 word) This type of B cell serves as antibody factories.
- (1 word) This class of T cells functions to kill infected cells and viruses.
- (1 word) This class of T cells functions to prevent overreactions of the immune system.
- (1 word) During phagocytosis, this vesicle is where the target/prey is destroyed by degradative enzymes.
- (1 word) The ______ immune system, unlike the innate immune system, recognizes specific invaders and builds memory to avoid infection from the same invader.
- (1 word+roman numerals) This type of MHC molecules exists on most cells of the body.
- (1 word) The _______ region of an antibody binds cell surfaces and determines the class of the antibody.
- (1 word) This happens when antibodies tag an invader for destruction.
- (1 word) This region of an antibody serves as the “hands,” grabbing onto its matching antigen.
- (1 word) This class of T cells functions as cytokine factories.
- (1 word) This particular type of antibody prevents viruses from entering a cell.
Down
- (1 word) _______ diversity describes how the diversity of antibody heavy chains is generated.
- (1 word) This is the process by which cells like macrophages engulf their prey.
- (1 word) This protein type is produced by B cells and tag invaders for destruction.
- (1 word) These are “leftover” B and T cells that remain after they’ve completed an attack against an invader, just in case the same invader re-visits.
- (1 word) These molecules signal other immune cells to the region where there is inflammation or infection.
- (1 word+roman numerals) This type of MHC molecules exists only on antigen-presenting cells.
- (1 word) ______ diversity contributes to the diversity of antibody light chains.
- (1 word) During phagocytosis, this vesicle is where the target/prey is stored until it is degraded.
- (2 words) This is the process by which many, many B cells are produced on demand in response to recognition of a specific antigen.
- (1 word) The match for a particular antibody or B cell receptor is called its ______ antigen.
21 Clues: (1 word) This type of B cell serves as antibody factories. • (1 word) This class of T cells functions as cytokine factories. • (1 word) This happens when antibodies tag an invader for destruction. • (1 word) This class of T cells functions to kill infected cells and viruses. • (1 word) This is the process by which cells like macrophages engulf their prey. • ...
Biology Vocab 5.1 2024-11-23
Across
- organisms an organism that consists of only one cell
- protects the cell
- single cells take on specific tasks, such as reproducing, moving the colony, and removing wastes, but individual cells can break away from the colony and function on their own
- line up amino acid to make proteins
- Organism organism with more than one cell
- vacuole stores water, starch, and pigments in plant cells
- Control center of the cell
- builds parts for the cytoskeleton
- little organs
- An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures
- system group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
- extensions of the cytoskeleton
- membrane A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
- Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
- An organelle containing digestive enzymes
- bilayer gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Down
- A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.
- An organism whose cells contain a nucleus
- Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
- an assembly of similar cells
- Different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
- An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
- network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
- wall strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
- Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports compounds around the cell and helps maintain the cell's shape; processes fats and breaks down toxic substances in liver cells.
- theory idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
- A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
- apparatus a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
- found in prokaryotes; contains the genetic material for the cell; floats freely in the cytosol
- A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
31 Clues: little organs • protects the cell • Control center of the cell • an assembly of similar cells • extensions of the cytoskeleton • builds parts for the cytoskeleton • line up amino acid to make proteins • A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast • An organism whose cells contain a nucleus • Organism organism with more than one cell • An organelle containing digestive enzymes • ...
Chapter 4 2025-10-06
Across
- A growth or tumor that is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body.
- The control center of the cell that contains DNA and directs all cell activities.
- The movement of water and small particles across a membrane due to pressure.
- When cells or tissues shrink or waste away due to lack of use, nutrients, or nerve supply.
- A total lack of oxygen reaching body tissues or cells.
- Cell division that creates reproductive cells (sperm or egg) with half the usual number of chromosomes.
- The natural, planned process in which cells self-destruct when they’re damaged or no longer needed.
- Substances found in blood or tissues that can show normal body processes or signs of disease.
- An abnormal mass of cells that can be benign or malignant.
- An increase in the size of existing cells, like muscle cells getting larger with exercise.
- Unplanned or accidental cell death, often due to injury or lack of blood flow.
- Cell division that produces two identical cells, used for growth and repair.
Down
- An increase in the number of normal cells, often leading to tissue enlargement.
- The movement of molecules from an area where there’s more of them to an area where there’s less.
- A disease caused by uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth that can spread to other parts of the body.
- A balanced state where movement into and out of a system is equal.
- A small structure inside the nucleus that helps make ribosomes.
- The cell’s main energy source; a molecule that stores and provides energy for cell functions.
- Substances dissolved in a liquid (like sugar in water).
- Abnormal changes in the size, shape, or organization of cells.
- A condition where tissues receive less oxygen than normal.
- The spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body.
- Tiny structures within a cell that perform specific jobs (like mitochondria or ribosomes).
- The movement of water through a membrane from an area of more water to an area of less water.
24 Clues: A total lack of oxygen reaching body tissues or cells. • Substances dissolved in a liquid (like sugar in water). • A condition where tissues receive less oxygen than normal. • An abnormal mass of cells that can be benign or malignant. • Abnormal changes in the size, shape, or organization of cells. • A small structure inside the nucleus that helps make ribosomes. • ...
Immune System 2025-08-07
Across
- Redness and swelling as part of immune response
- Injection of weakened pathogen to build immunity
- Type of B cell that releases large amounts of antibodies
- A substance that triggers an immune response
- Hair-like structures that sweep mucus and pathogens away
- Overreaction of the immune system to a harmless substance
- Enzyme in tears and saliva that breaks down bacteria
- Chemical that increases blood flow and triggers inflammation
- Sticky substance that traps pathogens at body openings
- First white blood cell to respond to infection
- Resistance to a specific pathogen after exposure
- Additional dose of vaccine to maintain immunity
- A disease-causing microbe
- Type of immunity developed after exposure, specific
- Protein that binds to and neutralises antigens
- Lymphocyte that produces antibodies
- Non-living particles that hijack host cells to reproduce
- Organ that filters blood and recycles old red blood cells
- Drug that inhibits the development of viruses
- Process of engulfing and digesting microbes
- White blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens
- Protein released by infected cells to warn nearby cells
- White blood cell involved in specific immunity
Down
- Releases histamine during allergic reactions
- First line of defence against pathogens
- Disease where immune system attacks body's own cells
- Cell that helps the body respond faster to future infections
- Lymphocyte that targets infected or abnormal cells
- Organ where T cells mature
- White blood cell active in parasitic infections and allergies
- Eukaryotic microbes that include yeasts and moulds
- Condition where immune system is underactive
- Type of immunity present from birth, non-specific
- Chemical signals released by immune cells
- System of proteins that helps kill pathogens
- Unicellular prokaryotes that reproduce rapidly
- Large white blood cell that digests pathogens and dead cells
- Organism that lives in or on a host, causing harm
- Filters lymph and stores white blood cells
- Rise in body temperature to slow pathogen growth
- Drug used to treat bacterial infections
- Site of white blood cell production
- Virus that causes immunodeficiency by attacking T cells
43 Clues: A disease-causing microbe • Organ where T cells mature • Site of white blood cell production • Lymphocyte that produces antibodies • First line of defence against pathogens • Drug used to treat bacterial infections • Chemical signals released by immune cells • Filters lymph and stores white blood cells • Process of engulfing and digesting microbes • ...
Biology Revision 2026-01-26
Across
- - Controls the activity of the cell. Where DNA is found.
- - Sperm cells have many mitochondria to release ____ for swimming.
- - Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- - Releases energy through respiration. Found in plant and animal cells.
- - The name for circular DNA found in bacteria
- - The movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
- - Found in plant and animal cells. Where protein synthesis takes place.
Down
- - These plant cells transport sugar up and down the plant.
- - The name for the tail of a nerve cell.
- - The name for the tail of a bacterium which allows movement.
- - Found in a plant cell. Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
- - Only found in plant cells. Where cell sap is stored.
- - These plant cells transport water up the stem
- - Nerve cells are specialised to carry _____ impulses around the body.
- - These plant cells are specialised to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
- - Where water moves across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution.
- - If the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration of the cell.
- - A jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place.
18 Clues: - The name for the tail of a nerve cell. • - The name for circular DNA found in bacteria • - These plant cells transport water up the stem • - Only found in plant cells. Where cell sap is stored. • - Controls the activity of the cell. Where DNA is found. • - These plant cells transport sugar up and down the plant. • ...
AP biology vocabulary 2023-12-05
Across
- furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site.
- containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
- factor - specific cyclin-Cdk complex which allows cells to pass G2 and go to the M phase
- tumor - cancerous and can spread cancer cells throughout one's body through the blood or lymphatic system
- kinases - protein enzyme controls cell cycle; active when connected to cyclin
- AMP - an intracellular second messenger to a wide variety of hormones and neurotransmitters
- Transduction - the process in which binding of an extracellular messenger to the cell surface receptor.
- cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand
- membrane receptors - these are proteins that are found on the surface of cells and span the plasma membrane
- inhibition - crowded cells normally stop dividing; cell-surface protein binds to adjoining cells to inhibit growth
- kinases - enzymes that regulate the biological activity of protein by phosphorylation of specific amino acids with ATP as the source of phosphate
- fission - asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.
- receptors - receptor proteins found in inside of the cell typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Down
- - a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
- - the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.
- - cells separate from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body
- amplification - carried out when the typical signal output level of a sensor is considered to be too low.
- - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule.
- - the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
- feedback - A case where outputs from a system are subsequently fed back into it, minimizing or reducing the effect of subsequent iterations.
- messengers - small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector protein.
- dependence - cells must be attached to another cell or ECM (extracellular matrix) to divide
- phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule
- signaling - the signaling molecules (hormones) are secreted by specialized endocrine cells
- cyclase - it catalyze the reaction producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
25 Clues: phosphorylation - adding a phosphate group to a molecule • - A molecule that binds to another (usually larger) molecule. • cells- - this cell has a receptor that can bind to the ligand • furrow - a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. • containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. • ...
Innate and Adaptive Immunity 2023-07-12
Across
- A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys microorganisms and stimulates other immune system cells.
- Secretes cytokines that have dramatic effects on other immune system cells.
- A vesicle containing powerful chemicals and enzymes to destroy bacteria.
- Chemicals that recruit other immune system players to the battle site.
- Designed to recognize danger signals associated with a microbial attack.
- The tiny region of a cognate antigen that a BCR binds to.
- A cell that exists the bone marrow and enters the bloodstream to mature into a macrophage.
- Antibody factories.
- An immune cell capable of killing certain cells including cancer cells, cells infected with a virus.
- Fragments of viral proteins.
Down
- Type of cell that keeps the immune system from overreacting or from reacting inappropriately.
- Made up of the heavy chain and light chain proteins.
- Known collectively as B and T cells.
- "Hyperactivation" signal from an invader is conveyed by this molecule.
- Professional killers which are on call from the blood, immune system's "foot soldiers."
- Leftover B and T cells which are easier to activate.
- An antigen that can cause an allergic reaction.
- Can kill infected cells and bacteria by forcing them to commit suicide.
18 Clues: Antibody factories. • Fragments of viral proteins. • Known collectively as B and T cells. • An antigen that can cause an allergic reaction. • Made up of the heavy chain and light chain proteins. • Leftover B and T cells which are easier to activate. • The tiny region of a cognate antigen that a BCR binds to. • ...
Fungi & Plants 2023-02-23
Across
- plants cells that store food, photosynthesis products
- Greatly increase the root’s surface area and efficiency of absorption
- plant cells that provide support and protection
- Cellular or multicellular hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis
- Continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells arranged end-to-end
- Conducts a solution of carbohydrates
Down
- phloem cells of seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms
- fungi group that are exclusive animal parasites
- phloem cells of Angiosperms
- plant cells with tough thick walls
- Paired sausage-shaped cells
- Conducts water and dissolve minerals throughout plant
- fungal group that are aquatic with flagellated zoospores
- xylem cells of Gymnosperms
14 Clues: xylem cells of Gymnosperms • phloem cells of Angiosperms • Paired sausage-shaped cells • plant cells with tough thick walls • Conducts a solution of carbohydrates • fungi group that are exclusive animal parasites • plant cells that provide support and protection • plants cells that store food, photosynthesis products • Conducts water and dissolve minerals throughout plant • ...
Immuno 1 2022-09-01
Across
- where T cells are made
- made of C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
- makes up 1-3% of lymphocytes+antiparasitic
- a region on an ag that ab attaches to
- end result of complement, uses C3b
- makes up 50-70% of lymphocytes
- ______ cascade
Down
- found on all nucleated cells
- found on antigen-presenting cells
- triggers an immune response
- where B cells are made (in humans)
- precursor to macrophages and dendritic cells
- <1% of lymphocytes, antiparastic
- foreign agent
- signals cytotoxic T cells
15 Clues: foreign agent • ______ cascade • where T cells are made • signals cytotoxic T cells • made of C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9 • triggers an immune response • found on all nucleated cells • makes up 50-70% of lymphocytes • <1% of lymphocytes, antiparastic • found on antigen-presenting cells • where B cells are made (in humans) • end result of complement, uses C3b • ...
Chapter 10 Vocabulary Review 2022-10-27
Across
- Mass of cancer cells that can be malignant (spreads) or benign (remains at the original site).
- Protein that stimulates the GROWTH and division of cells during the cell cycle.
- Process by which an entire cell divides into two new daughter cells.
- Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions.
- Production of genetically IDENTICAL (same) offspring from a single parent.
- Tightly coiled form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus. Looks like “X”.
- Protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle.
- center (middle) of a chromosome
- Process in which cells become specialized into DIFFERENT types of cells.
- programmed cell death
- relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus. Looks like spaghetti .
- First main part of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, G2. Period of cell growth, replication of DNA, and preparation for division.
- Second phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up across the MIDDLE of the cell.
Down
- Organelle in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
- Second main part of the cell cycle which involves the division of the nucleus.
- Series of events in which cells grow, prepare for division, and divide to form two daughter cells. Consists of 3 main parts.
- Production of genetically DIFFERENT offspring from two parents.
- Early developmental stage which eventually produces an adult organism.
- First phase of mitosis in which the cell’s genetic material condenses into chromosomes; nucleus disappears, and the spindle apparatus forms.
- substance that causes cancer; chemicals that mutate (change) DNA.
- disorder caused by uncontrolled growth and division of cells; failure in the regulation of the cell cycle.
- Half of a chromosome
- Third main part of the cell cycle involves the division of the cytoplasm which produces two new daughter cells.
- Third phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart & move to opposite poles of cell.
- Fourth and last phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are at the poles and they relax to form chromatin.
25 Clues: Half of a chromosome • programmed cell death • center (middle) of a chromosome • Protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle. • Production of genetically DIFFERENT offspring from two parents. • Organelle in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division. • substance that causes cancer; chemicals that mutate (change) DNA. • ...
Chapter 14 Test EC 2015-02-09
Across
- This immunity's resistance is present at birth
- Pertaining to poison
- These lymphatic vessels allow fluid to enter the node
- Formation of lymph
- Derived from lymph tissue
- Absence of the spleen
- These lymphatic vessels allow fluid to exit/leave the nodes
- These cells attack bacteria and foreign cells; originate in the thymus gland
- This organ provides immunity in fetal life and in early years of growth; becomes smaller with age and the development of the body
Down
- This immunity becomes active by contracting a disease, vaccination or stem cell transplant
- Inflammation of lymph glands (nodes)
- Collection of fluid
- This organ: destroys old red blood cells, filters microorganisms, activates lymphocytes and stores blood
- Lymph tissues
- Removal of the spleen
- These cells produce antibodies; mature in the bone marrow
- Clear watery fluid that surrounds body cells; flows throughout the lymph system
17 Clues: Lymph tissues • Formation of lymph • Collection of fluid • Pertaining to poison • Removal of the spleen • Absence of the spleen • Derived from lymph tissue • Inflammation of lymph glands (nodes) • This immunity's resistance is present at birth • These lymphatic vessels allow fluid to enter the node • These cells produce antibodies; mature in the bone marrow • ...
Chapter 1 - Cell structure 2022-08-05
Across
- sac filled with fluid, help to maintain water pressure in plant cells
- Cells with linear DNA
- Propel cells forward, same structure as cilia
- apparatus Processes and packages new lipids and proteins, also makes lysosomes.
- Site of aerobic respiration within the cell
- Consists of DNA and proteins
- Cells with no nucleus
- Involved with cell division, consists of 9 bundles of triplet microtubles.
- Site where proteins are made
- Substance that forms the cell wall of plant cells
- contain digestive enzymes to break down material or digest invading cells, acidic pH
- Site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
Down
- Surface is covered with ribosomes, organelle folds and processes proteins
- Makes ribosomes
- Similar in structure to RER, no ribosomes on surface, synthesises and processes lipids
- Controls cell activity
- Move substances along cell surface, consists of 9 pairs of microtubles around two centeral microtubules.
17 Clues: Makes ribosomes • Cells with linear DNA • Cells with no nucleus • Controls cell activity • Consists of DNA and proteins • Site where proteins are made • Site of aerobic respiration within the cell • Propel cells forward, same structure as cilia • Substance that forms the cell wall of plant cells • Site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells. • ...
Immune Systems 2023-10-17
Across
- What protease triggers programmed cell death?
- What is another name for antigenic determinants?
- What immune cells are stored in the spleen?
- Bone marrow, and where else produce white blood cells?
- What type of antibodies are artificially produced?
- What type of molecules bind to receptors on lymphocytes?
- What antibody binding blocks viral binding sites?
- What term describes the time before a primary immune response?
- Which immune response results in antibody secretion?
Down
- How many stages of cell infection lead to cloning of memory?
- Cell-mediated immune responses largely utilise what family of cells?
- What phase do memory cells sit in until activated?
- What is extended form of Ig in antibody classes?
- Cytotoxic, 2 Down, give rise to how many types of cells?
- How many immune response receptors are on a cells surface?
- What specialised lymphocytes produce antibodies?
- What cells secrete antibodies in antibody-mediated immune responses?
17 Clues: What immune cells are stored in the spleen? • What protease triggers programmed cell death? • What is another name for antigenic determinants? • What is extended form of Ig in antibody classes? • What specialised lymphocytes produce antibodies? • What antibody binding blocks viral binding sites? • What phase do memory cells sit in until activated? • ...
Cell Size Presentation Crossword 2024-01-27
Across
- Eukaryotic cells have larger ________s than prokaryotic cells
- These pathways monitor nutrient availability within the cell
- Surface area measures the area of the cell's what?
- Volume increases at a __________ rate than surface area
- Organelles _______ their life processes from other life processes
- Volume measures the volume of the cell's
- Type of cell that contains organelles
- Organelles help make performing life __________ for Eukaryotes more efficient
- Organelles like this help Eukaryotic cells create ATP
Down
- Cell size is measured in these units
- Within here lies the largest cells
- Eukaryotic cells use these to stay efficient despite their larger sizes
- Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size
- Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio
- Cells do this to their size so they don't too large
- Type of cell that lacks organelles
- Cellular energy efficiency can be determined by dividing surface area by what?
17 Clues: Within here lies the largest cells • Type of cell that lacks organelles • Cell size is measured in these units • Type of cell that contains organelles • Volume measures the volume of the cell's • Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size • Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio • Surface area measures the area of the cell's what? • ...
Cell Size Presentation Crossword 2024-01-27
Across
- Eukaryotic cells have larger ________s than prokaryotic cells
- These pathways monitor nutrient availability within the cell
- Surface area measures the area of the cell's what?
- Volume increases at a __________ rate than surface area
- Organelles _______ their life processes from other life processes
- Volume measures the volume of the cell's
- Type of cell that contains organelles
- Organelles help make performing life __________ for Eukaryotes more efficient
- Organelles like this help Eukaryotic cells create ATP
Down
- Cell size is measured in these units
- Within here lies the largest cells
- Eukaryotic cells use these to stay efficient despite their larger sizes
- Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size
- Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio
- Cells do this to their size so they don't too large
- Type of cell that lacks organelles
- Cellular energy efficiency can be determined by dividing surface area by what?
17 Clues: Within here lies the largest cells • Type of cell that lacks organelles • Cell size is measured in these units • Type of cell that contains organelles • Volume measures the volume of the cell's • Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size • Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio • Surface area measures the area of the cell's what? • ...
Chapter 1 - Cell structure 2022-08-05
Across
- sac filled with fluid, help to maintain water pressure in plant cells
- Cells with linear DNA
- Propel cells forward, same structure as cilia
- apparatus Processes and packages new lipids and proteins, also makes lysosomes.
- Site of aerobic respiration within the cell
- Consists of DNA and proteins
- Cells with no nucleus
- Involved with cell division, consists of 9 bundles of triplet microtubles.
- Site where proteins are made
- Substance that forms the cell wall of plant cells
- contain digestive enzymes to break down material or digest invading cells, acidic pH
- Site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
Down
- Surface is covered with ribosomes, organelle folds and processes proteins
- Makes ribosomes
- Similar in structure to RER, no ribosomes on surface, synthesises and processes lipids
- Controls cell activity
- Move substances along cell surface, consists of 9 pairs of microtubles around two centeral microtubules.
17 Clues: Makes ribosomes • Cells with linear DNA • Cells with no nucleus • Controls cell activity • Consists of DNA and proteins • Site where proteins are made • Site of aerobic respiration within the cell • Propel cells forward, same structure as cilia • Substance that forms the cell wall of plant cells • Site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells. • ...
Stem Cells 2020-03-05
Across
- ______ stem cells come from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
- _____ stem cells have the property of self-renewal; they age much more slowly than other cells.
- In order to address the challenge of immune rejection of stem cell transplants, a technique called somatic cell _____ transfer (SCNT) may be employed.
- Induced pluripotent stem cells can be created by introducing genes for _______ factors into adult stem cells.
- _____ stem cells are less likely to form tumours than embryonic stem cells. However, they have lower potency.
- Embryonic stem cells are _______.
Down
- SCNT can be used for reproductive cloning, which is to clone an embryo that can develop into a person, or ______ cloning, which is to collect embryonic stem cells that can be used for medical treatment.
- Stem cells are cells that are capable of self renewal and _____.
- ________ progenitor cells give rise to, for example, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells.
- The first 4 cells produced by the first 2 divisions of the fertilised egg are ______. This means that they can differentiate into any type of embryonic cell and extra-embryonic cell.
- Haematopoietic stem cells are _______.
- While both types of cells are pluripotent, there is _____ ethical controversy surrounding the use of iPSCs as compared to the use of ESCs.
- _______ progenitor cells give rise to natural killer cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
13 Clues: Embryonic stem cells are _______. • Haematopoietic stem cells are _______. • Stem cells are cells that are capable of self renewal and _____. • ______ stem cells come from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. • _______ progenitor cells give rise to natural killer cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. • ...
Cell Growth and Reproduction 2021-10-20
Across
- life cycle of a cell, includes growth, development, and reproduction
- longest phase of the cell cycle, includes G1, S, and G2 phases
- production of an offspring that results when the genetic materials from two different cells combine
- process in which cells become different types of cells
- group of similar tissues that work together to perform a function
- process of a sperm cell and egg cell fusing together
- new organism forms on the parent organism
- performed in labs, produces identical individuals from a cell/cells taken from a multicellular organism
- process where the nucleus divides
Down
- region near the middle of each chromatid that holds the sister chromatids together
- cell that can become other types of cells, cells are undifferentiated
- asexual reproduction of bacteria
- production of offspring by one parent without a sperm or egg joining
- new animals are produced from pieces of an animal's body
- process where the cytoplasm divides
- cell division that produces sperm or eggs from certain reproductive cells in an organism
- group of cells that work together and perform a function
- one or more organs that work together and perform one or more functions
18 Clues: asexual reproduction of bacteria • process where the nucleus divides • process where the cytoplasm divides • new organism forms on the parent organism • process of a sperm cell and egg cell fusing together • process in which cells become different types of cells • new animals are produced from pieces of an animal's body • ...
Nerve Cells 2022-03-25
Across
- a type of neuron which has two processes a axon and a dendrite
- neuroglia cells which support and brace the neurons while attaching them to a nutrient supply
- neuroglia cells which form a barrier between cerebrospinal fluid and tissue fluid bathing the cells of the CNS.
- neuroglia cells which produce an insulating covering around cells called a myelin sheath
- is a part of a neuron, has a large nucleus and cytoplasm
- a type of neuron which has a small cell body and proximal and distal branches function as sensory neurons
- the conducting region of the neuron, generating impulses and transmits them.
- neuroglia cells which function like astrocytes but exclusively in the PNS.
Down
- these cells have a protective role transforming into a special macrophage which phagocytizes unwanted substances.
- neuroglia cells which function like oligodendrocytes but exclusively in the PNS
- one principle cell of nervous tissue which which support and wrap around the more delicate neurons
- a type of neuron which has three or more processes, one axon the rest dendrites
- the main receptive or input regions of a neuron
- one principle cell of nervous tissue which are excitable and transmit electrical signals
14 Clues: the main receptive or input regions of a neuron • is a part of a neuron, has a large nucleus and cytoplasm • a type of neuron which has two processes a axon and a dendrite • neuroglia cells which function like astrocytes but exclusively in the PNS. • the conducting region of the neuron, generating impulses and transmits them. • ...
Fuel Cells 2013-10-06
Across
- _______ is also released in fuel cells
- What is the catalyst used in alkaline fuel cells?
- A PEM only allows ________ charged particles to flow through it
- What catalyst is used in molten carbonate fuel cells?
- The PEM acts as the ________ in PEM fuel cells
- What is formed at the cathode?
- Fuel cells operate with very little _________
- What charge does the anode have?
- A fuel cell converts ___________ energy to electrical energy
Down
- Solid oxide fuel cells operate at a high _______
- What charge does the cathode have?
- The electrolyte used in alkaline fuel cells is potassium ________
- Fuel cells have a higher ________ compared to diesel or gas engines
- Proton _______ Membrane
14 Clues: Proton _______ Membrane • What is formed at the cathode? • What charge does the anode have? • What charge does the cathode have? • _______ is also released in fuel cells • Fuel cells operate with very little _________ • The PEM acts as the ________ in PEM fuel cells • Solid oxide fuel cells operate at a high _______ • What is the catalyst used in alkaline fuel cells? • ...
Cells Crossword 2014-11-25
Across
- Two layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
- Material in cell membrane.
- Regulates what enters and leaves cells.
- Also know as adipocytes, stores excess energy form foods as fats.
Down
- Carries genetic info of the male parent. Used to reproduce.
- Converts chemical energy stored in foods into compounds that are more convent of the cell to use.
- Flows through blood stream to fight viruses,bacteria and invaders that threaten your body.
- Particle in cell on which proteins are assembled.
- Small,dense region within most nuclei, assembly of proteins begin.
- Used to stimulate other cells in the body to communicate.
- Remove carboedioxide from your body transporting it to your lungs.
- Support and protect cell.
- Control cell activity.
- Threadlike structure in nucleus contain genetic info.
14 Clues: Control cell activity. • Support and protect cell. • Material in cell membrane. • Regulates what enters and leaves cells. • Particle in cell on which proteins are assembled. • Threadlike structure in nucleus contain genetic info. • Two layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. • Used to stimulate other cells in the body to communicate. • ...
Jacob cells 2023-03-30
Across
- The part of photosynthesis that changes the plant's color.
- Keeps things in and out of the cell.
- Formed by the membranes inside the cytoplasm.
- Hair-like follicles.
- Highway.
- A structure that makes protein.
- The way the cell moves.
Down
- It ensures DNA is accurately copied and distributed in the vast majority of cell divisions.
- jelly-like fluid
- Small structures in a cell that is found in the cytoplasm.
- Takes the waste out.
- The messenger.
- It protects the inside of the cell.
- It stores protein, water, food.
14 Clues: Highway. • The messenger. • jelly-like fluid • Takes the waste out. • Hair-like follicles. • The way the cell moves. • It stores protein, water, food. • A structure that makes protein. • It protects the inside of the cell. • Keeps things in and out of the cell. • Formed by the membranes inside the cytoplasm. • The part of photosynthesis that changes the plant's color. • ...
cells ks3 2024-06-20
Across
- what do root hair cells absorb from the soil
- what are produced at the ribosomes
- what process occurs in the mitochondria
- what is the job of the cell wall in a plant cell
- what do red blood cells carry around the body
- where in the cell do chemical reactions occur
- what cell has a tail to swim and fertilise an egg
- what type of cells contract for movement
Down
- what part of the cell controls what enters and exits the
- by what process do gases enter and exit a cell
- where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell
- what is 'released' in respiration
- where is sap stored in a plant cell
- where is DNA located in the cell
14 Clues: where is DNA located in the cell • what is 'released' in respiration • what are produced at the ribosomes • where is sap stored in a plant cell • what process occurs in the mitochondria • what type of cells contract for movement • what do root hair cells absorb from the soil • what do red blood cells carry around the body • where in the cell do chemical reactions occur • ...
word cells 2023-05-30
Across
- heat
- very large
- one
- eight
- eye
- skin
Down
- fear
- three
- hand
- again
- very small
- earth
- far
- not
14 Clues: one • far • eye • not • fear • heat • hand • skin • three • again • earth • eight • very large • very small
Specialised Cells 2022-04-28
Across
- The shape of the red blood cell is circular, flat and _____.
- The red pigment in red blood cells.
- Specialised cell that transports water and dissolved mineral ions.
- Large numbers of this cell organelle are found in root hair cells, that release energy to aid in absorption of dissolved mineral salts.
- The red blood cell functions to _____ oxygen.
- The elongated structure known as a _____ in root hair cells.
- Xylem vessels are ____ as they do not contain protoplasm
Down
- This cell organelle is absent in root cells (as they are underground - no sunlight).
- Xylem vessels specialise is _____ of water and dissolved mineral salts.
- Waterproof and strong substance that provides xylem vessel with mechanical support.
- This cell organelle is absent in red blood cells to allow more "red pigment" to be packed into the cell.
- The root ____ cell is a specialised cell that functions to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts in soil.
- The root hair cell functions to ______ water and dissolved mineral salts.
- The gas that is transported by red blood cells.
- Xylem vessels are _____, which provides a space for water and dissolved mineral salts to flow in.
15 Clues: The red pigment in red blood cells. • The red blood cell functions to _____ oxygen. • The gas that is transported by red blood cells. • Xylem vessels are ____ as they do not contain protoplasm • The shape of the red blood cell is circular, flat and _____. • The elongated structure known as a _____ in root hair cells. • ...
Biology: Cells 2024-11-08
Across
- the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
- a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
- a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins
- a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells
- a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane
- a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction
- a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
Down
- a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
- part of a cell involved in energy production
- organelle in which photosynthesis takes place
- a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
- a lash-like appendage used for locomotion
- a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure
- a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst
14 Clues: a lash-like appendage used for locomotion • part of a cell involved in energy production • a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes • organelle in which photosynthesis takes place • a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins • a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ • a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells • ...
Cells Vocab 2025-09-12
Across
- organism made of one cell
- genetic material
- the process plants use to make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, to make food
- rigid structure around the cell membrane that helps plants stand up
- turns light energy into food for cell
- powerhouse of the cell, breaks down sugar to provide energy
Down
- controls what moves in and out of the cell
- organism made of two or more cells
- an organism that is a single celled simple structure with no nucleus
- contains a cells genetic material
- smallest unit that is living
- gel-like substance that fills the cell
- a living thing made up of one or more cells
- these cells each have a nucleus and organelles wit membranes
14 Clues: genetic material • organism made of one cell • smallest unit that is living • contains a cells genetic material • organism made of two or more cells • turns light energy into food for cell • gel-like substance that fills the cell • controls what moves in and out of the cell • a living thing made up of one or more cells • ...
Retina crossword 2026-04-09
Across
- Photoreceptor synapse layer
- Outermost retinal layer
- Detachment site
- Synapse layer for ganglion cells
- Highest acuity region
- Exit of optic nerve
- Cells for color vision
- Rod synapse type
Down
- Cells detecting light
- Non-neuronal support cells
- Ganglion axon layer
- Layer with photoreceptor nuclei
- Outer retinal barrier
- Cells for low light
- Layer with bipolar cell bodies
15 Clues: Detachment site • Rod synapse type • Ganglion axon layer • Cells for low light • Exit of optic nerve • Cells detecting light • Outer retinal barrier • Highest acuity region • Cells for color vision • Outermost retinal layer • Non-neuronal support cells • Photoreceptor synapse layer • Layer with bipolar cell bodies • Layer with photoreceptor nuclei • Synapse layer for ganglion cells
cool 2024-05-21
Across
- fight infection
- makes your blood look red
- A and B antigens are present on the surfaces of blood cells. There are no antibodies in the plasma.
- not transporting oxygen effectively
- the liquid in you blood
- makes your blood clot
- There are no antigens on the surfaces of blood cells. Both anti-B and anti-A antibodies are present in the plasma.
- a membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells.
Down
- a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells.
- B antigens are present on the surfaces of blood cells. Anti-A antibodies are present in the plasma.
- blood cells start to divide uncontrollably without dying off at the end of their life cycle
- 'powerhouses' of cells
- disease An inherited trait causes red blood cells to take on a crescent shape.
- non membrane-bound and important cytoplasmic organelles
- A antigens are present on the surfaces of blood cells.
15 Clues: fight infection • makes your blood clot • 'powerhouses' of cells • the liquid in you blood • makes your blood look red • not transporting oxygen effectively • A antigens are present on the surfaces of blood cells. • non membrane-bound and important cytoplasmic organelles • a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. • ...
Group 4 2021-10-26
Across
- ______ functions are lost partially or completely in cancer cells; cancer cells serve no useful purpose
- virus that causes Burkitt lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- growth divide to develop more normal tissue or to replace tissue
- each normal cell has a specific function (2 words)
- spreading of cancer cells to other sites; ability to spread
- each cell type has a distinct size, shape and appearance
Down
- most normal cells bind closely and tightly together (exception: blood cells) (2 words)
- abnormal chromosomes
- normal cells growing in the wrong place
- is typical for cancer cells because they do not make fibronectin (cell adhesion molecules)(2 words)
- Hepatitis B causes Primary liver ______
- normal cells do not migrate in the body (exception: blood cells)
- Human lymph trophic virus type _____ causes Adult T-cell leukemia
- form of programmed cell death or “cellular suicide” ~ helps maintain balance
- Human lymph trophic virus type ______ causes Hairy cell leukemia
15 Clues: abnormal chromosomes • normal cells growing in the wrong place • Hepatitis B causes Primary liver ______ • each normal cell has a specific function (2 words) • each cell type has a distinct size, shape and appearance • spreading of cancer cells to other sites; ability to spread • normal cells do not migrate in the body (exception: blood cells) • ...
Chapter 13 2026-03-24
Across
- directly destroy cells they recognize, which are often virus- infected cells
- antibody receptors
- substances that can elicit a response from a B or T cell
- key players of adaptive (acquired) immunity
- T cell receptors
- thought to use cowpox to prevent smallpox
- Immunity person is given antibodies rather than producing them
Down
- modulate the immune response, including by limiting chronic inflammatory diseases
- “record” information to fight pathogen if it comes back
- to forcefully induce memory responses against pathogens by introducing them, or parts of them into the body
- Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids
- Exposure to a pathogen triggers antibody productions
- etect pathogens and activate other immune cells to fight them
- actively secrete antibodies
- deliberate inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules of one patient into the arm of a healthy person
15 Clues: T cell receptors • antibody receptors • actively secrete antibodies • thought to use cowpox to prevent smallpox • key players of adaptive (acquired) immunity • Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids • Exposure to a pathogen triggers antibody productions • “record” information to fight pathogen if it comes back • ...
Mr. V's Cell Organelle Crossword 2022-10-07
Across
- said all plants are made of cells
- helps with cell division
- makes food for plants
- makes energy for the cell
- discovered cells
- makes ribosomes
- jelly-like substance that fills in the cell
- stores the genetic info
- storage tank of the cell
- digests old cell parts and waste
Down
- controls what enters/leaves the cell
- makes protein
- said all cells come from pre existing cells
- has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- does not have a nucleus
- said all animals are made of cells
- the packaging and shipping center
- the transporter of proteins throughout the cell
18 Clues: makes protein • makes ribosomes • discovered cells • makes food for plants • does not have a nucleus • stores the genetic info • helps with cell division • storage tank of the cell • makes energy for the cell • digests old cell parts and waste • said all plants are made of cells • the packaging and shipping center • said all animals are made of cells • ...
early development 2018-11-07
Across
- production of a blastocoel in mammalian morula
- balancing organs, modified wings
- multinucleate cell produced by mitosis without cytokinesis
- BMP inhibitor
- embryo forms only from this layer of cells
- _____ membranes separate from the embryo that enable it to survive in the egg or uterus
- transcription factor central to development, activated by Wnt pathway
- cleavage-stage cells
- 16- to 64-cell stage, looks like a mulberry
- nuclei and surrounding cytoplasm before cellularization
- process that forms embryonic germ layers
- point where cell division slows and embryo genes are expressed (acronym)
- cells that will form the notochord
- ____ genes are expressed in broad overlapping domains
- type of cleavage in mammals
- embryonic segments
- gene complex in Drosophila that specifies the segmental identity of abdominal segments
- derived from external cells in mammalian cleavage
- avian egg type
- a narrow tunnel in the eggshell for fertilization
- plays an essential role in patterning the vertebrate embryo
- protein that localizes β-catenin to future dorsal surface
Down
- maternal effect gene expressed in anterior of Drosophila embryo
- female germ cell
- responsible for anterior-posterior patterning, along with FGFs and RA (acronym)
- blastomeres form a compact ball of cells
- gene needed for head formation
- formed by infolding of ventral mesoderm cells (2 words)
- term for division of cells in the early embryo
- major structural characteristic of amniote gastrulation (2 words)
- ventral cells that will form the trunk of the Drosophila embryo (2 words)
- protein that suppresses caudal protein translation
- transcription factor needed for organizer protein expression
- central cavity in a ball of cells
- site where amphibian gastrulation starts (2 words)
- transcription factor that expresses eomesodermin
- binds to Dorsal
- receptor for gurken
- protein that dorsalizes Drosophila embyro
- epidermal tissue induced by this signaling molecule family (acronym)
- initiate Xenopus blastopore involution (2 words)
- cells located here involute into embryo (acronym)
42 Clues: BMP inhibitor • avian egg type • binds to Dorsal • female germ cell • embryonic segments • receptor for gurken • cleavage-stage cells • type of cleavage in mammals • gene needed for head formation • balancing organs, modified wings • central cavity in a ball of cells • cells that will form the notochord • blastomeres form a compact ball of cells • ...
early dev2 2018-11-07
Across
- term for division of cells in the early embryo
- 16- to 64-cell stage, looks like a mulberry
- protein that suppresses caudal protein translation
- avian egg type
- epidermal tissue induced by this signaling molecule family (acronym)
- BMP inhibitor
- gene needed for head formation
- major structural characteristic of amniote gastrulation (2 words)
- formed by infolding of ventral mesoderm cells (2 words)
- protein that localizes β-catenin to future dorsal surface
- blastomeres form a compact ball of cells
- initiate Xenopus blastopore involution (2 words)
- point where cell division slows and embryo genes are expressed (acronym)
- plays an essential role in patterning the vertebrate embryo
- central cavity in a ball of cells
- transcription factor central to development, activated by Wnt pathway
- balancing organs, modified wings
- multinucleate cell produced by mitosis without cytokinesis
- cells located here involute into embryo (acronym)
Down
- ____ genes are expressed in broad overlapping domains
- transcription factor that expresses eomesodermin
- production of a blastocoel in mammalian morula
- female germ cell
- responsible for anterior-posterior patterning, along with FGFs and RA (acronym)
- cleavage-stage cells
- cells that will form the notochord
- embryonic segments
- protein that dorsalizes Drosophila embyro
- maternal effect gene expressed in anterior of Drosophila embryo
- _____ membranes separate from the embryo that enable it to survive in the egg or uterus
- derived from external cells in mammalian cleavage
- embryo forms only from this layer of cells
- process that forms embryonic germ layers
- transcription factor needed for organizer protein expression
- a narrow tunnel in the eggshell for fertilization
- site where amphibian gastrulation starts (2 words)
- ventral cells that will form the trunk of the Drosophila embryo (2 words)
- nuclei and surrounding cytoplasm before cellularization
- binds to Dorsal
- receptor for gurken
40 Clues: BMP inhibitor • avian egg type • binds to Dorsal • female germ cell • embryonic segments • receptor for gurken • cleavage-stage cells • gene needed for head formation • balancing organs, modified wings • central cavity in a ball of cells • cells that will form the notochord • process that forms embryonic germ layers • blastomeres form a compact ball of cells • ...
Cells & Microscopes Crossword 2015-05-19
Across
- The process of cells dividing
- An instrument forming magnified images with an objective lens
- The first person to make a microscope
- A unit of measurement used for microscopes that begins with m
- also known as the male reproductive cell
- holds the organelles in its place and is a jelly like liquid
- Already made from an earlier time
- In both plants and animal cells, it stores food and water and is known as “the pantry” organelle
- the method of converting light energy so cells can produce their own food
- The building blocks of life
- The lens that one uses to view the slide on the stage
- Cells that are found in plants
- the area where that the slide is placed in a microscope
- A unit of measurement in microscopes that begins with the name of the founder of our school
Down
- Known as the “control centre” controls everything that goes in and out of the cell which contains DNA
- Creates energy for the cell and is known as the “power house” of the cell
- A transparent piece of glass or plastic with at least one curved surface
- The first person to see/discover cells
- Allows light to be detected to small objects
- The process of a cell dying
- Only found in plant cells, it protects and shapes the plant
- the light projected towards the slide of the microscope so you are able to see the slide brighter
- Red cells that carry oxygen through the body
- Cells that carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body
- adjustable lenses on a microscope above the stage with different microscope viewings usually of 4x, 10x, 40x and/or 100x
- Only found in plants and contains chlorophyll which is green
- the act of cells absorbing material outside the cell membrane
- MEMBRANE Surrounds the cell controls what goes into and out of it
- Describes the properties of cells
29 Clues: The process of a cell dying • The building blocks of life • The process of cells dividing • Cells that are found in plants • Already made from an earlier time • Describes the properties of cells • The first person to make a microscope • The first person to see/discover cells • also known as the male reproductive cell • Allows light to be detected to small objects • ...
Cells & Microscopes Crossword 2015-05-19
Across
- In both plants and animal cells, it stores food and water and is known as “the pantry” organelle
- The first person to see/discover cells
- Only found in plants and contains chlorophyll which is green
- Describes the properties of cells
- A unit of measurement in microscopes that begins with the name of the founder of our school
- Cells that are found in plants
- Allows light to be detected to small objects
- Surrounds the cell controls what goes into and out of it
- Creates energy for the cell and is known as the “power house” of the cell
- A transparent piece of glass or plastic with at least one curved surface
- also known as the male reproductive cell
- adjustable lenses on a microscope above the stage with different microscope viewings usually of 4x, 10x, 40x and/or 100x
- the act of cells absorbing material outside the cell membrane
Down
- The process of cells dividing
- The first person to make a microscope
- The process of a cell dying
- Red cells that carry oxygen through the body
- Known as the “control centre” controls everything that goes in and out of the cell which contains DNA
- the method of converting light energy so cells can produce their own food
- the light projected towards the slide of the microscope so you are able to see the slide brighter
- An instrument forming magnified images with an objective lens
- A unit of measurement used for microscopes that begins with m
- Only found in plant cells, it protects and shapes the plant
- Already made from an earlier time
- The lens that one uses to view the slide on the stage
- The building blocks of life
- Cells that carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body
- holds the organelles in its place and is a jelly like liquid
- the area where that the slide is placed in a microscope
29 Clues: The process of a cell dying • The building blocks of life • The process of cells dividing • Cells that are found in plants • Describes the properties of cells • Already made from an earlier time • The first person to make a microscope • The first person to see/discover cells • also known as the male reproductive cell • Red cells that carry oxygen through the body • ...
Chapter 9- Microbial Growth 2021-03-31
Across
- the cloudiness of a sample of bacteria in a liquid suspension
- ___ time is the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission
- microorganisms that grow best at pH between 8.0 and 10.5
- the laboratory instrument used to measure turbidity
- cell forms a long narrow extension, it swells into a smaller new cell and detaches from parent cell
- ____ fission is the most common mechanism of cell replication in bacteria
- ____ density is defined as the number of cells per unit volume
- ___ medium contains a low percentage of agar to allow motile bacteria to move throughout the medium
- ____ sensing is the mechanism by which cells in a biofilm coordinate their activities in response to environmental stimuli
- In some cyanobacteria, many nucleoids may accumulate in an enlarged round cell or along a filament, leading to the generation of many new cells at once before they slip from parent cell
Down
- are bacteria that require a minimum level of oxygen for growth, about 1%–10%, well below the 21% found in the atmosphere
- cells that are characterized by a slow metabolic rate
- this phase is where the rate of cell division and death roughly equal
- Free-floating microbial cells that live in an aquatic environment
- complex and dynamic ecosystems that form on a variety of environmental surfaces by bacteria to help with survival
- ____ plate count, is a count of viable live cells by observing colonies
- ___ cell count refers to counting the cells in a liquid culture or colonies on a plate
- converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
- divides the two daughter cells
- this phase is where there is no growth in living cells, cells are introduced into new environment
- The process of cytokinesis and cell division is directed by this protein
- enzyme used in reactions where an electron donor (reduced compound; e.g., reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NADH]) oxidizes hydrogen peroxide, or other peroxides, to water
22 Clues: divides the two daughter cells • converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen • the laboratory instrument used to measure turbidity • cells that are characterized by a slow metabolic rate • microorganisms that grow best at pH between 8.0 and 10.5 • the cloudiness of a sample of bacteria in a liquid suspension • ...
All about the Cells 2024-12-03
Across
- What contains DNA, which controls the functions of the cells and the production of proteins. (Brain of the cell.)
- What makes proteins for the cell
- When does the cell do most of it's growing
- What is the smallest unit of life that can perform all life processes.
- What captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells (Magic GREEN Machine!!)
- What is the Ridged outer layer of a plant cell. (Not found in animal cells)
- Which step are the chromosomes split apart and move away from the middle
- What is the correct order of Mitosis using only Initial letters of the 4 phases
- What is the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus
- What is the Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found.
- What stores food, water, wastes and other materials
- What produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions.
- How many chromosomes are in each human cell
Down
- What uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts.
- What is the final stage of mitosis (cell division), where the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell
- what phase of the cell cycle do our cells spend 90% of their time
- 1. All organisms are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of function and structure in an organism. 3. All cells come from pre-exisiting cells
- Shortened version of deoxyribonucleic acid; material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- Which step do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- What stage does the cytoplasm split, leaving 2 new daughter cells
- What controls thich materials come into and out of a cell; found in plant and animal cells
- Approximately how many cells are in the human body
22 Clues: What makes proteins for the cell • When does the cell do most of it's growing • How many chromosomes are in each human cell • Approximately how many cells are in the human body • What stores food, water, wastes and other materials • What is the Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found. • What uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts. • ...
Mitosis Crossword Review 2025-02-07
Across
- first phase and the longest phase of mitosis
- physical splitting of 2 new cells
- during interphase, cell ____ and replication happens
- when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach
- number of parent cells that start the process of cell division
- phase where dna replication happens during interphase
- shortest part of the cell cycle
- phase during interphase where cytoplasm growth and protein synthesis happens
Down
- cells divide to replace ______ cells
- DNA condenses into this during prophase
- third phase of mitosis where chromosomes separate and move away from the middle of the cell
- fourth phase of mitosis where nuclear membrane reappears as two nuclei are formed
- longest part of the cell cycle
- the third phase of interphase
- daughter cells are genetically ____ at the end of mitosis
- cells are neither dividing nor preparing to divide
- number of daughter cells created from mitosis
17 Clues: the third phase of interphase • longest part of the cell cycle • shortest part of the cell cycle • physical splitting of 2 new cells • cells divide to replace ______ cells • DNA condenses into this during prophase • first phase and the longest phase of mitosis • number of daughter cells created from mitosis • cells are neither dividing nor preparing to divide • ...
Cell Structure and Function 2021-02-01
Across
- Helps the cell maintain its shape and involved in movement.
- The portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
- Large sack that stores water, salts, and organic molecules.
- Produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum is a internal membrane system where lipids and __________ are assembled.
- Lipid ____________ is what a cell membrane consists of.
- Contains the same concentrations of solute.
- ___________________ apparatus is an organelle that modifies, sorts and packages proteins.
- Contains tubulins and helps organize cell division in animal cells.
- An organ ___________ a group of organs that work together to perform essential tasks.
- Cell ______________ is a thin flexible barrier surrounding all cells.
- Higher concentration of solute causing cells to shrink.
- _______________ permeable is when the cell membrane allows some substances pass through, but not others.
- Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
Down
- The Powerhouse of the cell, converts chemical energy into usable energy.
- Uses enzymes to break down large molecule that are no longer useful.
- _____________ diffusion is when special protein channels are used to move molecules across the membrane.
- ______________is the facilitated diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
- Lower concentration of solute causing cells to swell.
- The process in which particles move from high to low concentration without using energy.
- Cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei
- ______________organisms maintain homeostasis by growing, responding to environment, transforming energy, reproducing.
- Structures that have specialized functions in eukaryotic cells.
- A group of tissues working together to perform essential tasks.
- The process of converting sunlight into food for plant cells.
- The basic unit of life.
- A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains DNA.
- Cell__________ comes from discoveries by German scientists Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow.
- Used to respond to a chemical signal, to which the signaling molecule can bind to.
- A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
30 Clues: The basic unit of life. • Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei. • Contains the same concentrations of solute. • The portion of the cell outside the nucleus. • Cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei • Lower concentration of solute causing cells to swell. • A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains DNA. • ...
Anatomy Terms Part 2 2020-10-02
Across
- free surface cells that vary in appearance, based on the stretching of the tissue. Deals with changing is shape with elasticity.
- to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product.
- important cells of the immune system, that are formed in response to an infection.
- sometimes referred to asMast cells yellow fibrocartilage, is a type of cartilage that provides both strength and elasticity.
- is the tough, very strong connective tissue found predominantly in the intervertebral disks.
- is a modified dense connective tissue that contains numerous elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers.
- a thick layers that provide protection for the underlying layers.
- characterized by a fine network or netlike structures.
- a single layer of the tall closely packed cells.
- provides connection between different tissues in the human body.
- fat, loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.
Down
- which a portion of cell pinches off with the secreted products.
- connective tissue has fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles as in dense regular connective tissue.
- is a glass like but translucent cartilage that is found on many joint surfaces.
- which is cells in columns on the free surface. Which is also rare in the body.
- a single layer of cube-cells.
- which secretes hormones into the blood. Cells are packed tightly together, which has capillaries running through the tissue.
- a single flat layer of cells that is thin and permeable.
- general functions in the body and central nervous system.
- which appears like cell nuclei that is found at different levels, even though it isn’t there.
- which cells rupture and spill products into the duct.
- Tissue that gives strength and structure to bones.
- lets cells secrete the products via exocytosis.
- Loose tissue is the most common type of tissue.
24 Clues: a single layer of cube-cells. • lets cells secrete the products via exocytosis. • Loose tissue is the most common type of tissue. • a single layer of the tall closely packed cells. • Tissue that gives strength and structure to bones. • fat, loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. • which cells rupture and spill products into the duct. • ...
Blood for BNNS501 2013-04-02
Across
- yellow waste product of the breakdown of haemoglobin
- a protein in red cells which carries oxygen
- (3,4) lifespan of most white cells
- a blood protein which helps control osmotic pressure of blood
- phagocyte which rapidly arrives at the site of bacterial infections
- blood is a ........tissue
- the process blood uses to stop excess bleeding
- chemical required for formation of haemoglobin
- (5, 4, 5) the number of white blood cells per litre of blood
- a regulatory protein transported by the blood
- a cell fragment involved in blood clotting
- most of the fluid in the body is in the ............. compartment
- red blood cells which are being formed enter the blood in this state
- fluid which flows between the cells
- if someone is dehydrated and blood flows more
- a green-yellow substance made from heme which is secreted into the intestines
Down
- the condition which causes increased production of erythropoietin
- (5, 8)This forces blood through the cardiovascular system
- the pH of blood shows it is slightly
- the protein part of haemoglobin
- group of white blood cells which comprise neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils
- a blood protein involved in blood clotting
- blood contains these immunoglobulin proteins to fight infection
- there are four of these yellow molecules in each haemoglobin
- blood is more ....... than water
- the hormone made by the kidney which stimulates the rate of RBC production
- phagocyte which destroys microbes & cleans up dead tissue during infection
- the percentage of whole blood that is made up by the red blood cells
- a condition in which there is limited red blood cells or haemoglobin
- percentage of each type of white blood cell
- white blood cells which release histamine to increase inflammation
- white blood cells which attack parasites
32 Clues: blood is a ........tissue • the protein part of haemoglobin • blood is more ....... than water • (3,4) lifespan of most white cells • fluid which flows between the cells • the pH of blood shows it is slightly • white blood cells which attack parasites • a blood protein involved in blood clotting • a cell fragment involved in blood clotting • ...
Cells & Microscopes Crossword 2015-05-19
Across
- holds the organelles in its place and is a jelly like liquid
- The process of cells dividing
- Creates energy for the cell and is known as the “power house” of the cell
- Only found in plant cells, it protects and shapes the plant
- An instrument forming magnified images with an objective lens
- A transparent piece of glass or plastic with at least one curved surface
- Surrounds the cell controls what goes into and out of it
- Known as the “control centre” controls everything that goes in and out of the cell which contains DNA
- Already made from an earlier time
- also known as the male reproductive cell
- the area where that the slide is placed in a microscope
- Describes the properties of cells
Down
- the light projected towards the slide of the microscope so you are able to see the slide brighter
- A unit of measurement used for microscopes that begins with m
- In both plants and animal cells, it stores food and water and is known as “the pantry” organelle
- adjustable lenses on a microscope above the stage with different microscope viewings usually of 4x, 10x, 40x and/or 100x
- The first person to make a microscope
- Red cells that carry oxygen through the body
- The process of a cell dying
- Only found in plants and contains chlorophyll which is green
- Allows light to be detected to small objects
- the method of converting light energy so cells can produce their own food
- The lens that one uses to view the slide on the stage
- Cells that are found in plants
- The first person to see/discover cells
- Cells that carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body
- the act of cells absorbing material outside the cell membrane
- A unit of measurement in microscopes that begins with the name of the founder of our school
- The building blocks of life
29 Clues: The process of a cell dying • The building blocks of life • The process of cells dividing • Cells that are found in plants • Already made from an earlier time • Describes the properties of cells • The first person to make a microscope • The first person to see/discover cells • also known as the male reproductive cell • Red cells that carry oxygen through the body • ...
Hematologic System Crossword 2023-02-22
Across
- white blood cells that do not contain cytoplasmic granules
- the site for hematopoiesis (2 words)
- red blood cells
- an increase in band level WBCs (2 words)
- involved in hypersensitivity reactions, inactivating some of the inflammatory chemicals released during the inflammatory response
- slightly immature forms of erythrocytes released as a normal response to an increased demand the erythrocytes (such as bleeding)
- blood formation and maturation
- important for fluid balance by increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood
- the formation of cells
- enter the blood from the bone marrow, circulate for a short time, then enter the tissues and become macrophages
- platelets
- blood clotting (a complex process that stops bleeding)
- the main proteins of antibodies, there are three types: alpha, beta, and gamma
- these specific types of cells differentiate into either T- or B-lymphocytes (2 words)
Down
- white blood cells that contain cytoplasmic granules
- the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells
- these specific types of cells differentiate into erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets (2 words)
- immature, undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become any one of several types of blood cells (2 words)
- erythrocyte production
- responsible for sustaining normal host defenses against invading bacteria and fungi, cell debris, and foreign substances (comprise 50-70% of circulating WBCs)
- a protective response that aims to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, remove the damaged tissue, and generate new tissue
- elements outside the cell that can stimulate platelet plug formation (2 words)
- low platelet count
- substances located directly within the blood that first makes platelets stick together to form a platelet plug (2 words)
- white blood cells
- engulfing and digesting bacteria
- the fluid portion of blood
- the organ that serves as a large filter by removing aged erythrocytes and plays a part in the removal of abnormal WBCs and platelets
28 Clues: platelets • red blood cells • white blood cells • low platelet count • erythrocyte production • the formation of cells • the fluid portion of blood • blood formation and maturation • engulfing and digesting bacteria • the site for hematopoiesis (2 words) • an increase in band level WBCs (2 words) • the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells • ...
Blood 2024-07-19
Across
- Autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys cells producing intrinsic factor, impairing vitamin B12 absorption - Page 639
- Important solutes in plasma that help maintain osmotic pressure and pH balance - Page 634
- Plasma protein that contributes to osmotic pressure and functions as a carrier molecule - Page 634
- Genetic disorder causing red blood cells to become crescent-shaped under low-oxygen conditions, leading to pain and complications - Page 640
- Immature red blood cells that develop into mature erythrocytes - Page 637
- Condition of having an excess of red blood cells, increasing blood viscosity - Page 641
- Protein in red blood cells that binds and transports respiratory gases - Page 635
- Red blood cells responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport - Page 635
- Anemia due to destruction or inhibition of red marrow, leading to decreased production of all blood cells - Page 639
- Hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to hypoxia - Page 638
- Plasma protein that forms fibrin threads during blood clotting - Page 634
Down
- Plasma proteins divided into alpha, beta, and gamma globulins with various transport and immune functions - Page 634
- Type of anemia caused by blood loss; can be acute or chronic - Page 639
- Anemia resulting from a lack of iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis - Page 639
- Composition and functions of plasma, including the importance of albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and other solutes - Page 634
- Anemia resulting from inadequate production of erythropoietin due to kidney disease - Page 639
- Condition characterized by low blood oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to fatigue and pallor - Page 639
- The process of red blood cell formation - Page 637
- Anemia caused by premature destruction of red blood cells - Page 639
- Genetic disorder where one of the globin chains in hemoglobin is faulty or absent, leading to fragile red blood cells - Page 640
20 Clues: The process of red blood cell formation - Page 637 • Anemia caused by premature destruction of red blood cells - Page 639 • Type of anemia caused by blood loss; can be acute or chronic - Page 639 • Immature red blood cells that develop into mature erythrocytes - Page 637 • Plasma protein that forms fibrin threads during blood clotting - Page 634 • ...
Immunology Vocab 2022-09-25
Across
- a synonym for immunoglobulin
- WBCs with multi-lobed nuclei such as neutrophils
- type of adaptive immune response that largely involves effector T cells, not antibodies
- a foreign molecule that can bind to an antibody
- a cell that presents a foreign molecule to a TCR
- type of CD4 T cell involved in attacks on extracellular pathogens
- where a foreign antigen binds on a B cell causing its activation
- where an antigen binds on a T cell
- disease where nucleic acid complexes act as autoantigens
- type of cytokines that cause WBC migration
- lymphocyte that is part of innate immunity and induces apoptosis of target cells
- proteins on cell surface that bind chemokines
- type of CD4 T cell involved in attacks on intracellular pathogens
- abbreviation for CD4 T cells involved in suppressing or limiting immune response
- a group of cytokines, often made by leukocytes, involved in immune response
Down
- type of pro-inflammatory cytokine made by macrophages
- a mechanism of lysing target cells requiring NK cells and Abs
- a category of protein that includes the antibodies
- a repeating molecular arrangement on a microbe that can be recognized by immune cells
- transcription factor in the thymus inovlved in preventing autoimmunity
- a cell that presents antigen material to the surface of a T cell
- T cells that, once activated, become "helper" T cells
- a treatment for HIV using multiple antiviral medications
- syndrome caused by HIV
- what the body launches to defend itself against potential pathogens
- precursor to plasma cell
- T cells that, once activated, become "killer" T cells
- part of Abs and T cell receptors that are in contact with Ag
- a cell surface protein involved in helping a cell 'stick' to another cell or ECM
- a group of cytokines involved with fighting off viral infections
- lymphocyte that matures in the thymus
- a type of Ig found on the surface of a B cell
32 Clues: syndrome caused by HIV • precursor to plasma cell • a synonym for immunoglobulin • where an antigen binds on a T cell • lymphocyte that matures in the thymus • type of cytokines that cause WBC migration • proteins on cell surface that bind chemokines • a type of Ig found on the surface of a B cell • a foreign molecule that can bind to an antibody • ...
ha 2025-04-21
Across
- – Forms in plant cells during cytokinesis
- – Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
- – Refers to the series of events in cell division
- – Type of assortment that increases genetic variation
- – Structure that pulls chromosomes apart during cell division
- – Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart in this meiosis phase
- – Stage of mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
- – One of the main purposes of mitosis in multicellular organisms
- – Exchange of genetic material during Prophase I of meiosis
- – Region that holds sister chromatids together
- – Mitosis phase where sister chromatids separate
- – Meiosis process that produces egg cells
- – Meiosis phase where crossing over occurs
- – Structure that carries genetic information
- – A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n)
- – Group of similar cells formed through mitosis
- – Biological process meiosis is essential for
- – Final phase of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform
- – Cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half
- – Division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis
Down
- – Type of cell division that produces identical daughter cells
- – A function of mitosis to heal damaged cells
- – Union of two gametes to form a zygote
- – A cell with a single set of chromosomes (n)
- – Final phase of meiosis where four haploid cells are formed
- – Structure formed by paired homologous chromosomes
- – Meiosis process that produces sperm cells
- – Each half of a duplicated chromosome
- – Chromosome pairs that are similar in shape and size
- – Result of meiosis contributing to genetic differences
- – First stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense
- – Reproductive cells formed through meiosis
- – Type of body cells that undergo mitosis
- – Phase where the cell grows and replicates DNA
- – Type of reproduction involving only one parent
- – Cell formed after fertilization
- – Type of diversity promoted by meiosis
- – Describes the chromosome number change in meiosis
- – Produces genetically identical organisms using mitosis
- – Molecule that carries genetic instructions in cells
40 Clues: – Cell formed after fertilization • – Each half of a duplicated chromosome • – Union of two gametes to form a zygote • – Type of diversity promoted by meiosis • – Forms in plant cells during cytokinesis • – Type of body cells that undergo mitosis • – Meiosis process that produces egg cells • – Meiosis phase where crossing over occurs • ...
Honors Cell Organelle Crossword 2026-03-18
Across
- a network of proteins found in all cell types for structure and organelle movement
- spindle fibers are composed of this specific protein structure
- site of storage for nutrients, waste, or water in eukaryotes
- found in eukaryotic cells and uses enzymes to detoxify molecules that could be hazardous to the cell
- an organelle lined with ribosomes that can also aid in protein transport
- is found in prokaryotes and plants but not animal cells
- genetic material found in all living things
- allows prokaryotic cells to stick to surfaces and additional protection externally
- special organelle that can produce sugar
- main site of cellular respiration for synthesizing ATP from glucose
- helps with movement for all cells by waving in a circular motion
- a key feature that plays an essential role in antibiotic resistance
- these openings allow for transport to nearby cells
- fungi and protists are these cell types
- can change proteins as well as sorting them for transport within or out of the cell
- key function is storage of water to help maintain cell's shape
Down
- provides an environment for chemical reactions
- only found in animal cells and utilizes enzymes to break down substances
- connects amino acids together to form proteins
- helps the cell maintain homeostasis by controlling what can enter or leave
- permanent structural support network in animal cells only for anchoring organelles
- made up of 2 of these, it helps in cellular division
- this is responsible for the contractile ring that is seen in dividing animal cells
- contains the directions needed for the cell to ultimately to make proteins from
- specialized membrane bound structures that can carry proteins into or out of cells
- makes ribosomes
- external structure that helps with movement in animal cells
- site of DNA storage but does not involve a nuclear membrane surrounding it
- has multiple functions including storing calcium, making lipids, and detoxifying
29 Clues: makes ribosomes • fungi and protists are these cell types • special organelle that can produce sugar • genetic material found in all living things • provides an environment for chemical reactions • connects amino acids together to form proteins • these openings allow for transport to nearby cells • made up of 2 of these, it helps in cellular division • ...
Ch. 12 crossword 2025-10-21
Across
- These cells prowl around the body looking for MHC-1 lacking cells
- PRRs are how these defense cells recognize pathogens
- These are released by macrophages and neutrophils to promote blood flow to injured site
- Invertebrates rely on their _____ exoskeletons for protection
- This type of immunity involves memory-based defense
- These receptors are found on innate immune cells
- _____ cells release histamine which causes blood vessels to dilate
- These cells are considered the first responders to infection
Down
- Macrophages found throughout the body originate from _______
- These cells rise in response to allergies or helminths
- These cells stimulate adaptive immunity in cells contacting the environment
- These are found on pathogens that interact with PRRs
- All animals have what type of immunity?
- This host-evasion mechanism produced by bacteria keep the pathogen safe when digested
- shock This condition has a 40% average mortality rate
15 Clues: All animals have what type of immunity? • These receptors are found on innate immune cells • This type of immunity involves memory-based defense • PRRs are how these defense cells recognize pathogens • These are found on pathogens that interact with PRRs • shock This condition has a 40% average mortality rate • These cells rise in response to allergies or helminths • ...
cardiovascular system: blood 2018-04-08
Across
- / the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
- a neutrophilic white blood cell.
- blood cells/ the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues
- the production of red blood cells
- yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates
- a protein of the beta globulin group which binds and transports iron in blood serum.
- blood cells / are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders
- / immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red blood cells in the human body. In the process of erythropoiesis
- / a simple form of protein that is soluble in water and coagulable by heat
Down
- red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans
- the puncture of a vein as part of a medical procedure, typically to withdraw a blood sample or for an intravenous injection.
- the study of the physiology of the blood.
- / any of a group of simple proteins soluble in salt solutions and forming a large fraction of blood serum protein
- / is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates
- into fractions or components
- / a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
- / a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood.
- / a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids, bound to the proteins, which allow fats to move through the water inside and outside cells.
- puncture/ is a medical procedure performed to obtain a sample of arterial blood for gas analysis
- / happens when the number of healthy red blood cells in your body is too low.
20 Clues: into fractions or components • a neutrophilic white blood cell. • the production of red blood cells • the study of the physiology of the blood. • / a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood. • red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans • / the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. • ...
Specialized Cells and Tissues 5.1 2021-11-01
Across
- A type of tissue in plants that covers and protects the outer surface of the plant.
- Round, red-colored blood cells that contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen.
- Small parts that stick out of the cells in the outer layer of a plant's root.
- Any of the unspecialized cells in a multicellular organism. Stem cells can divide and become any cell type in the body, except a sperm or egg cell.
- An extension from the cell body of a neuron that sends signals to other cells.
- Cells that cover the internal and external surfaces in a body.
- A type of tissue in animals that shortens, or contracts, to move bones or substances in the body.
- A bundle of axons that carries signals to or from the brain.
- A type of tissue in plants that transports water and food throughout the plant.
- A type of tissue in animals that provides support and protection, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, and helps to repair damage.
Down
- A type of tissue in animals that carries electrical signals to coordinate and control what happens in the body.
- The vascular tissue in plants that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- A type of tissue in plants that provides support and is where food is made and stored.
- A type of tissue that covers organs or forms the inner lining of body cavities.
- Cells that carry signals throughout the nervous system. Nerve cells are also called neurons.
- Cells that contract or change shape to cause movement.
- A plant that does not have vascular tissue.
- A plant that has a system of vessels that transport water and dissolved nutrients throughout the plant.
- The vascular tissue in plants that carries dissolved organic nutrients in all directions within the plant.
- Short, hairlike parts on the outside of a cell that move.
20 Clues: A plant that does not have vascular tissue. • Cells that contract or change shape to cause movement. • Short, hairlike parts on the outside of a cell that move. • A bundle of axons that carries signals to or from the brain. • Cells that cover the internal and external surfaces in a body. • ...
Keystone Bio Vocab Lesson #1 2013-11-20
Across
- reticulum organelle responsible for the production, processing and transportation of materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell
- form of life
- acid biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms
- system anatomical system composed of a group of organs that work together
- cellular structure composed of RNA that is the site of protein synthesis in cells
- scientific study of life
- set of components that form an integrated whole
- located inside a cell
- lowest taxonomic level of biological classification
- membrane thin phospholipid and protein bilayer that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell
- type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organelles and a nuclear division cycle
Down
- type of reproduction that involves two different gametes
- membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells and the site of cellular respirations
- anatomical unit composed of cells organized to perform a similar function
- single piece of coiled DNA found in the nucleus of cells; contains genes that encode traits
- apparatus organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for the release by the cell
- located outside a cell
- subunit within a cell that has a specialized function
- organelle found in plant cells and other cells where photosynthesis occurs
- theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes
- made up of more than one cell
- body of evidence-based knowledge gained through observation and experimentation
- group of membrane-bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for synthesis and storage of food
- single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and specialized organelles
- membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that controls and regulates cellular function
- made of a single cell.
- type of reproduction that does not involve gametes
- basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms
28 Clues: form of life • located inside a cell • located outside a cell • made of a single cell. • scientific study of life • made up of more than one cell • set of components that form an integrated whole • type of reproduction that does not involve gametes • lowest taxonomic level of biological classification • subunit within a cell that has a specialized function • ...
Blood 2013-04-02
Across
- a regulatory protein transported by the blood
- (5, 8)This forces blood through the cardiovascular system
- the percentage of whole blood that is made up by the red blood cells
- blood is a ........tissue
- the pH of blood shows it is slightly
- (5, 4, 5) the number of white blood cells per litre of blood
- fluid which flows between the cells
- a blood protein involved in blood clotting
- a green-yellow substance made from heme which is secreted into the intestines
- group of white blood cells which comprise neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils
- if someone is dehydrated and blood flows more
- percentage of each type of white blood cell
- a cell fragment involved in blood clotting
- blood contains these immunoglobulin proteins to fight infection
Down
- blood is more ....... than water
- the condition which causes increased production of erythropoietin
- red blood cells which are being formed enter the blood in this state
- the hormone made by the kidney which stimulates the rate of RBC production
- a protein in red cells which carries oxygen
- the process blood uses to stop excess bleeding
- most of the fluid in the body is in the ............. compartment
- the protein part of haemoglobin
- chemical required for formation of haemoglobin
- phagocyte which rapidly arrives at the site of bacterial infections
- white blood cells which attack parasites
- there are four of these yellow molecules in each haemoglobin
- phagocyte which destroys microbes & cleans up dead tissue during infection
- (3,4) lifespan of most white cells
- a condition in which there is limited red blood cells or haemoglobin
- white blood cells which release histamine to increase inflammation
- yellow waste product of the breakdown of haemoglobin
- a blood protein which helps control osmotic pressure of blood
32 Clues: blood is a ........tissue • the protein part of haemoglobin • blood is more ....... than water • (3,4) lifespan of most white cells • fluid which flows between the cells • the pH of blood shows it is slightly • white blood cells which attack parasites • a blood protein involved in blood clotting • a cell fragment involved in blood clotting • ...
Cells & Microscopes Crossword 2015-05-19
Across
- holds the organelles in its place and is a jelly like liquid
- The process of cells dividing
- Creates energy for the cell and is known as the “power house” of the cell
- Only found in plant cells, it protects and shapes the plant
- An instrument forming magnified images with an objective lens
- A transparent piece of glass or plastic with at least one curved surface
- Surrounds the cell controls what goes into and out of it
- Known as the “control centre” controls everything that goes in and out of the cell which contains DNA
- Already made from an earlier time
- also known as the male reproductive cell
- the area where that the slide is placed in a microscope
- Describes the properties of cells
Down
- the light projected towards the slide of the microscope so you are able to see the slide brighter
- A unit of measurement used for microscopes that begins with m
- In both plants and animal cells, it stores food and water and is known as “the pantry” organelle
- adjustable lenses on a microscope above the stage with different microscope viewings usually of 4x, 10x, 40x and/or 100x
- The first person to make a microscope
- Red cells that carry oxygen through the body
- The process of a cell dying
- Only found in plants and contains chlorophyll which is green
- Allows light to be detected to small objects
- the method of converting light energy so cells can produce their own food
- The lens that one uses to view the slide on the stage
- Cells that are found in plants
- The first person to see/discover cells
- Cells that carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body
- the act of cells absorbing material outside the cell membrane
- A unit of measurement in microscopes that begins with the name of the founder of our school
- The building blocks of life
29 Clues: The process of a cell dying • The building blocks of life • The process of cells dividing • Cells that are found in plants • Already made from an earlier time • Describes the properties of cells • The first person to make a microscope • The first person to see/discover cells • also known as the male reproductive cell • Red cells that carry oxygen through the body • ...
Hematologic System Crossword 2023-02-22
Across
- white blood cells that do not contain cytoplasmic granules
- the site for hematopoiesis (2 words)
- red blood cells
- an increase in band level WBCs (2 words)
- involved in hypersensitivity reactions, inactivating some of the inflammatory chemicals released during the inflammatory response
- slightly immature forms of erythrocytes released as a normal response to an increased demand the erythrocytes (such as bleeding)
- blood formation and maturation
- important for fluid balance by increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood
- the formation of cells
- enter the blood from the bone marrow, circulate for a short time, then enter the tissues and become macrophages
- platelets
- blood clotting (a complex process that stops bleeding)
- the main proteins of antibodies, there are three types: alpha, beta, and gamma
- these specific types of cells differentiate into either T- or B-lymphocytes (2 words)
Down
- white blood cells that contain cytoplasmic granules
- the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells
- these specific types of cells differentiate into erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets (2 words)
- immature, undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become any one of several types of blood cells (2 words)
- erythrocyte production
- responsible for sustaining normal host defenses against invading bacteria and fungi, cell debris, and foreign substances (comprise 50-70% of circulating WBCs)
- a protective response that aims to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, remove the damaged tissue, and generate new tissue
- elements outside the cell that can stimulate platelet plug formation (2 words)
- low platelet count
- substances located directly within the blood that first makes platelets stick together to form a platelet plug (2 words)
- white blood cells
- engulfing and digesting bacteria
- the fluid portion of blood
- the organ that serves as a large filter by removing aged erythrocytes and plays a part in the removal of abnormal WBCs and platelets
28 Clues: platelets • red blood cells • white blood cells • low platelet count • erythrocyte production • the formation of cells • the fluid portion of blood • blood formation and maturation • engulfing and digesting bacteria • the site for hematopoiesis (2 words) • an increase in band level WBCs (2 words) • the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells • ...
Chapter 6: Tour of the Cell 2020-02-11
Across
- Cellular extensions to which a cell uses to crawl along a surface.
- Binds cells to the ECM by the ECM glycoproteins. Bind to cell-surface receptor proteins called integrins.
- lamina A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.
- The outer membrane is smooth, but the inner membrane is convoluted, with these infoldings.
- cell A cell where the DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus, which is bound by a double membrane.
- theory This theory states that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell.
- Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them. Responsible for cell to cell recognition.
- Function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets.
- Thin solid rods, that are built from molecules of actin.
- Inside the chloroplast, another membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs.
- fractionation Useful technique for studying cell structure and function. Takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another.
Down
- Most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM of most animal cells, which forms strong fibers outside the cells.
- Sacs of membrane, that transfer membrane segments.
- A process that Amoebas and many other unicellular eukaryotes eat by engulfing smaller organisms or food particles.
- The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes.
- Within the centrosome is a pair of these, each composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring.
- streaming A circular flow of cytoplasm within cells, especially common in large plant cells, speeds the distribution of material within the cell.
- matrix Composed of glycoproteins and the other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted by the cells.
- lamella A thin layer rich in sticky polysaccharides called pectins. Located between primary walls of adjacent cells.
- proteins Responsible for transport of vesicles and movement of organelles with the cell. This requires energy, often provided by ATP hydrolysis.
20 Clues: Sacs of membrane, that transfer membrane segments. • The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes. • Thin solid rods, that are built from molecules of actin. • Cellular extensions to which a cell uses to crawl along a surface. • Function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets. • ...
Homeostasis 2024-05-25
Across
- Used to send information from the control center to the effectors
- processes rely on ______ loops that monitor the changes in the internal atmosphere and react to them.
- is the ability of an organism to sustain a stable internal environment when external conditions change
- Cells exchange materials from the intracellular fluid, with the ______ fluid (extracellular space) and blood (specifically plasma)
- Sends the information from the sensor to the control center/integrator
- Homeostasis is necessary for the support and life of _____ organisms
- (cells/organs) that need to perform an action to help restore homeostasis
- Where all hormone-secreting glands)
- Homeostasis refers to the _______ mechanisms
- example of negative feedback is regulating ______ concentration
- control systems are “built-in” to an organ or tissue.
- cells in the pancreas that release insulin.
- ______integratestergates information with other information
- feedback that does NOT contribute to Homeostasis, but to specific physiological needs
Down
- In order to maintain homeostasis, the cells of the body need to “_______ to” one another
- high blood glucose is detected by the ______ system
- A change in a controlled variable ________ a response that drives the variable in the opposite direction of the initial change, thus opposing the change
- A change in a controlled variable triggers a response that drives the variable in the opposite
- control systems are contained outside of an organ or system, permitting coordinated regulation of several organs
- the β-cells are monitoring the levels of glucose in ______.
- A _______ control system is an interconnected network of body components that work together to maintain a given factor relatively constant
- The cells communicate through these junctions
- If glucose levels are too high, they release ______ that goes and acts on muscles, fat cells, and other cells.
- Low blood pressure is detected by the ______ system
- in the pancreas that released glucagon
25 Clues: Where all hormone-secreting glands) • in the pancreas that released glucagon • cells in the pancreas that release insulin. • Homeostasis refers to the _______ mechanisms • The cells communicate through these junctions • high blood glucose is detected by the ______ system • Low blood pressure is detected by the ______ system • ...
Exam 4 Crossword 2025-05-11
Across
- A tumor that contains tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers.
- Event most associated with the Gene activation of oncogenes in cancer cells.
- Protective benefit with regards to tumor formation.
- Term for the wide variation in cell size observed in tumor cells.
- An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which can lead to enlargement.
- A process that describes the stages where a tumor becomes increasingly malignant, involving genetic and epigenetic changes.
- A benign tumor that originates from fibrous connective tissue.
- What type of carcinoma is most frequently associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
- A rare, cancerous bone tumor made up of cartilage cells.
- Process by which the immune system recognizes and eliminates tumor cells.
- A benign growth on the skin that results from the clustering of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells.
- Component of the tumor microenvironment that is responsible for synthesizing collagen.
- Metastasis by which tumor cells spread via blood vessels.
- Another word for Choristoma.
- Abnormal cell growth within a tissue or organ.
- Term that refers to normal mature tissue located in an abnormal location.
Down
- The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
- When cancer cells directly invade adjacent tissues.
- Neoplastic transformation, that initiates the irreversible genetic change in a normal cell.
- The loss of cellular differentiation and reversion to a more primitive cellular morphology.
- The spread of cancer cells across the serosal cavities, such as the peritoneal cavity.
- Genes that repair DNA damage.
- Term for a preinvasive form of carcinoma that remains within the original epithelial structure.
- Cellular process directly inhibited by the loss of cadherins in tumor cells during metastasis.
- The embryonic germ layer that mesenchymal tumors originate.
- Occurs similar to angiogenesis and is a response to growth factors like VEGF.
- A cellular process characterized by irreversible genetic changes rendering cells unresponsive to typical growth controls.
27 Clues: Another word for Choristoma. • Genes that repair DNA damage. • Abnormal cell growth within a tissue or organ. • When cancer cells directly invade adjacent tissues. • Protective benefit with regards to tumor formation. • A rare, cancerous bone tumor made up of cartilage cells. • Metastasis by which tumor cells spread via blood vessels. • ...
cardiovasular- rylee perry 2023-04-13
Across
- lymphocyte and monocyte
- making of blood
- volume of red blood cells
- 55% of blood
- first and last to respond to infection
- macrophages that cleans dead cells by phagocytosis
- trouble controlling bleeding
- protein in plasma that destroy things that arent supposed to be in the body.
- 92% water
- white blood cells
- bring blood back to the heart
Down
- red blood cells
- cancer of the blood or bone marrow
- other term for platelets
- most common white blood cells
- conduct the majority of the immune responce
- allergy responders,release histamine
- large eater
- deoxygenated blood enters the heart through this chamber
- take blood away from heart
20 Clues: 92% water • large eater • 55% of blood • red blood cells • making of blood • white blood cells • lymphocyte and monocyte • other term for platelets • volume of red blood cells • take blood away from heart • trouble controlling bleeding • most common white blood cells • bring blood back to the heart • cancer of the blood or bone marrow • allergy responders,release histamine • ...
Cell Cycle 2022-09-15
Across
- cells that are the result of a single dividing parent cell
- the first gap phase (G1), the synthesis (S) phase, and the second gap (G2) phase.
- occurs during interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, and is responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA.
- a structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
- A cell that is the source of other cells
- the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
- the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
- prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
Down
- a cycle of stages that cells pass through to allow them to divide and produce new cells.
- the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.
- the time between the end of cell division in mitosis and the beginning of DNA replication
- mitosis, the process of making new body cells.
- the second phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
- a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
- the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
- a molecule that contains the instructions that make each species unique.
- Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the original, parent cell.
- A type of cell division in eukaryotes that creates identical daughter cells.
- a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis
20 Clues: A cell that is the source of other cells • mitosis, the process of making new body cells. • cells that are the result of a single dividing parent cell • prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. • a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. • a molecule that contains the instructions that make each species unique. • ...
Unit 3 Vocabulary 2022-10-18
Across
- a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
- division of the cytoplasm during cell division
- series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
- 4th phase of cell division. the chromosomes become longer, thinner, and less distinct. the nuclear membrane forms. The nucleolus reappears and cell division is nearly complete
- a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
- a protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a reaction without being changed by it
- cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
- cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
- chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
- unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells
Down
- cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
- proteins that regulate the cell cycle
- mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
- cell elongates and sister chromatids are pulled apart toward the poles
- a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
- stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
- one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
- part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
- programmed cell death
- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
- granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
- cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
- area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
25 Clues: programmed cell death • proteins that regulate the cell cycle • chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell • division of the cytoplasm during cell division • period of the cell cycle between cell divisions • area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached • cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only • ...
Exam 2 2023-02-21
Across
- Helper T cells recognize antigens composed of
- Any molecule that can cause an allergic reaction is called:
- The component produced by CTLs that punches a hole into an infected cell’s membrane is called
- Naïve T cells can be induced to become regulatory T cells through exposure to:
- IL-4 is a cytokine that causes uncommitted T helper cells to become what class of T helper cell?
- The portion of the invariant chain that occupies the class II MHC groove in an endosome is called:
- When B cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause B cells to be activated, the BRCs are said to be:
- Proteins that have many different variants across the human population are called:
- MHC restriction is also known as:
- Mast cells granules contain primarily:
- IL-12 is a cytokine that causes uncommitted T helper cells to become what class of T helper cell?
Down
- A B cell that has bound to its cognate antigen is called:
- Testing for tolerance of self is also known as:
- Specific 6-12 amino acid region of an antigen that binds to an antibody
- The component of human cells that destroy proteins is called the:
- Substances that are not BCRs but causes BCRs to crosslink when they bind to the surface of a B cell are called
- IL-6 and TGFb are cytokines that cause uncommitted T helper cells to become what class of T helper cell?
- The portion of an antibody that determines how the antibody generally functions is the:
- The antigen that a B cell recognizes is called a(n):
- Which branch of the immune system usually identifies as invader as dangerous?
- T cells are born in the bone marrow and are taught self tolerance initially when they leave the bone marrow and move to the:
- The type of T cell that maintains flexibility in the type of cytokine profile it produces is called:
22 Clues: MHC restriction is also known as: • Mast cells granules contain primarily: • Helper T cells recognize antigens composed of • Testing for tolerance of self is also known as: • The antigen that a B cell recognizes is called a(n): • A B cell that has bound to its cognate antigen is called: • Any molecule that can cause an allergic reaction is called: • ...
Pediatric hematology 2023-11-07
Across
- The process of destruction of red blood cells.
- Condition characterized by a decreased number of platelets in the blood.
- The condition characterized by a lack of platelets in the blood.
- A type of childhood cancer involving lymph nodes.
- A condition characterized by a deficiency in the number of red blood cells.
- The red blood cell disorder characterized by a deficiency in the globin chain.
- The medical term for the production of blood cells.
- A severe decrease in red blood cells often triggered by a viral infection.
- The most common type of anemia in children caused by a lack of iron in the body.
- A condition where bone marrow fails to produce sufficient healthy blood cells.
- Inherited disorder leading to excessive iron absorption in the body.
- The inherited blood disorder that affects both hemoglobin and heme synthesis.
- Condition where the body destroys its platelets.
- Inherited disorder causing an inability to produce sufficient clotting factors.
Down
- Inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, causing sickle-shaped red blood cells.
- The protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen.
- A term for an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood.
- Condition characterized by an abnormally low white blood cell count.
- Inherited disorder causing a deficiency in certain blood clotting factors.
- Condition where red blood cells are destroyed prematurely, causing anemia.
- A rare inherited disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.
- Inherited bleeding disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding.
- Term for an increased number of white blood cells in the blood.
- The process of stopping bleeding.
- The specialized doctor who diagnoses and treats blood disorders in children.
- Process of blood cell formation in the body.
- A clotting disorder predominantly affecting males, causing prolonged bleeding.
- The inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
- The most common symptom of anemia in children.
- The red blood cell disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells.
- Hematology The medical specialty focusing on blood disorders in children.
31 Clues: The process of stopping bleeding. • Process of blood cell formation in the body. • The process of destruction of red blood cells. • The most common symptom of anemia in children. • Condition where the body destroys its platelets. • A type of childhood cancer involving lymph nodes. • The medical term for the production of blood cells. • ...
IMMUNOLOGY 2025-07-28
Across
- A sticky secretion that traps pathogens at mucosal surfaces.
- A type of cytokine that directs cell movement.
- A fluid secreted in the lungs that reduces surface tension and can neutralize pathogens.
- A general term for agents that kill or inhibit microorganisms.
- A large phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens and dead cells.
- The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues.
- The site where T cells mature.
- The branch of immunity that is specific and has memory.
- Small antimicrobial peptides found in epithelial cells.
- A secretion from glands that contributes to the skin’s chemical barrier.
- Relating to infections caused by viruses.
- Signaling proteins released by cells to mediate and regulate immunity.
- A microorganism that causes disease.
- The largest organ and a key physical defense against infection.
Down
- A major component of bacterial cell walls, recognized by innate immune receptors.
- A localized response to injury or infection, involving redness, swelling, and heat.
- An immune cell that releases histamine during allergic responses.
- A small structure that filters lymph and supports immune cell activation.
- The process by which cells engulf and digest microbes and debris.
- Any substance that is recognized as foreign by the immune system.
- An organ involved in filtering blood and immune surveillance.
- A group of proteins that enhance immune responses by lysing pathogens or marking them for destruction.
- A protein produced by B cells that binds to a specific antigen.
- An enzyme in secretions that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
- The process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow.
- The immune-rich area of the spleen involved in pathogen detection.
- Short-lived phagocytic cells that are first responders during infection.
- A physical or chemical structure that prevents pathogen entry.
- Immune cells including B cells and T cells.
- Type of immune response that leads to a faster reaction upon re-exposure.
30 Clues: The site where T cells mature. • A microorganism that causes disease. • Relating to infections caused by viruses. • Immune cells including B cells and T cells. • A type of cytokine that directs cell movement. • The process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow. • The branch of immunity that is specific and has memory. • ...
Chapter 8 Vocabulary quiz 2024-10-30
Across
- cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
- organism whose cells contain a nucleus
- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
- fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells
- thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- basic unit of all forms of life
- process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
- cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
- organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other material from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Down
- network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement
- internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
- unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
- organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
- strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
- when the concentration of two solutions is the same
- cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates
- relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
- cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis
20 Clues: basic unit of all forms of life • organism whose cells contain a nucleus • unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus • when the concentration of two solutions is the same • diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells • ...
Cell Organelles 2025-09-08
Across
- Cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- Network of hollow membrane tubules that connect to the nuclear envelope and cell membrane. Found in all eukaryotic cells.
- Double membrane surrounding the nucleus
- Lacks ribosomes on its surface. Makes membrane lipids
- Short, hair like structures that aid in mobility.
- A stack of flattened sacs that are used to package and modify proteins for storage or to be transported.
- Organelles that occur in pairs and are important for cell division. Found only in animal cells
- Controls the activities of the cell. Found in all eukaryotic cells
- Has ribosomes on its surfaces. Where some ribosomes will make proteins
- Microscopic structures that are found inside the cell in the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
- The basic unit of life
- Known as false foot, and it aids in movement and feeding in amoebas.
- Long, whip like structures that aid in mobility.
Down
- Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- Selectively permeable membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell. Found in all cells
- Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs. Found in all cells.
- A fluid filled sacs that is used for storage. Plants - central vacuole Animals - small or absent
- A framework (or network) of fibers that helps maintain the cell shape within the cytoplasm
- Organelles that captures light energy to make its own food (glucose). Site of photosynthesis Only in plant cells
- Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.
- Powerhouse of the cell where cellular energy is generated. Site of cellular respiration
- Regulates water intake by pumping out excess
- Inside the nucleus, and where ribosomes are made.
- A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that are used to breakdown food, bacteria or worn out cellular substances. Only in animal cells
- Make proteins. Can be attached to rough ER or free in the cytoplasm
25 Clues: The basic unit of life • Double membrane surrounding the nucleus • Regulates water intake by pumping out excess • Long, whip like structures that aid in mobility. • Short, hair like structures that aid in mobility. • Inside the nucleus, and where ribosomes are made. • Lacks ribosomes on its surface. Makes membrane lipids • ...
Lymphatic System 2026-04-15
Across
- The stage of life when the thymus is most active in developing the immune system.
- Nutrients absorbed by the lymphatic system from the digestive system.
- A fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
- The basic building blocks of all living things.
- Body parts that perform specific functions (like the spleen or thymus).
- An organ where T cells grow and learn to fight infections, especially active in childhood.
- Tube-like structures that carry fluids (like lymph or blood) through the body.
- (Lymph Nodes)Small structures that filter lymph and trap harmful substances.
- (Blood Cells)Cells in the body that fight infections and protect against illness.
- Unwanted or harmful materials that the body needs to remove.
- Something that moves fluid; the lymphatic system does not have a central pump like the heart.
- The process of keeping fluids in the body at stable and healthy levels.
- Tissues in the throat that help trap and fight germs.
- Body tissue that helps move lymph through vessels when it contracts.
- Harmful germs (like bacteria and viruses) that cause disease.
- The system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
- The flow of blood moving through the body.
Down
- Conditions that happen when harmful germs enter the body and multiply.
- The body system that moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients through the body.
- Tiny pathogens that invade cells and cause illness.
- The body’s defense system against infections and diseases.
- An increase in size of a body part, often caused by fluid buildup (also called edema).
- Cells White blood cells that attack infected or abnormal cells.
- Being in a good physical condition with proper body function.
- An organ that filters blood and helps fight infections.
- Fluid Fluid found between cells that can become lymph when collected.
- A clear fluid that carries white blood cells and removes waste and germs.
27 Clues: The flow of blood moving through the body. • The basic building blocks of all living things. • Tiny pathogens that invade cells and cause illness. • Tissues in the throat that help trap and fight germs. • An organ that filters blood and helps fight infections. • The system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. • ...
Tao Crossword 2015-01-18
Across
- The amount of energy.
- Help for energy.
- This help red blood cells to transport the oxygen, have lots in red blood cells.
- Long chains of small sugar molecules.
- The inner layer in blood vessel, make from fibers.
- To restore energy.
- The molecule that carries oxygen.
- The central tube, thin layer in blood vessel, able to have the diffusion.
- Help for growth and repair.
Down
- All the blood cells float in it.
- Red blood cells that contain lots of oxygen.
- Small blood vessel that bring oxygen and nutrient into the cells.
- Type of blood vessel that bring blood back into the heart and have very low pressure.
- Enzyme in stomach that digest protein.
- Type of blood vessel that bring red blood cells to our body cells, have very high pressure.
- To breakdown food and speed up the chemical reaction.
- Main thing that help our body make 'blood clotting'.
17 Clues: Help for energy. • To restore energy. • The amount of energy. • Help for growth and repair. • All the blood cells float in it. • The molecule that carries oxygen. • Long chains of small sugar molecules. • Enzyme in stomach that digest protein. • Red blood cells that contain lots of oxygen. • The inner layer in blood vessel, make from fibers. • ...
Cell Theory 2020-11-17
Across
- type of cells contained in tree bark
- the act of using one's senses to take in information
- an organism consisting of only one cell
- what the first observed living cells were referred to
- determined that all animals are made up of animal cells
- cell that is capable producing new cells
- type of images seen through a microscope
- coined the term "animacules"
- determined that all plants are made of cells
Down
- how large an image is produced by a microscope
- number of times an image is magnified under a compound microscope with the objective lens set to 4
- more complex type of microscope
- possible answer to a scientific question
- clarity of the image you see through a microscope
- the parts of an object and how it is put together
- proposed that cells can only come from other cells
- number of cell theory principles
17 Clues: coined the term "animacules" • more complex type of microscope • number of cell theory principles • type of cells contained in tree bark • an organism consisting of only one cell • possible answer to a scientific question • cell that is capable producing new cells • type of images seen through a microscope • determined that all plants are made of cells • ...
Cell Theory and Organelles 2023-10-03
Across
- Powerhouse of the cell
- Makes cell products that are used inside the cell
- Supports and protects the cell/found in plant cells
- Jelly like substance
- makes membrane proteins and helps export these proteins out of the cell
- breakdown food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
- Function in moving cells, in moving fluids, or in moving particles across the cell surface
- Fluid filled sacks for storage
- Inside nucleus/makes mRna
- Found only in producers, contains its own DNA, uses energy from sunlught to make glucose
Down
- Found in only animal cells/pulls chromosomes apart to opposite ends of cell
- protein factories for cell
- Surrounds the outside of ALL cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- Controls the normal activities of the cell
- Helps cell maintain cell shape
- modify,sort,and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of cell
17 Clues: Jelly like substance • Powerhouse of the cell • Inside nucleus/makes mRna • protein factories for cell • Helps cell maintain cell shape • Fluid filled sacks for storage • Surrounds the outside of ALL cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Makes cell products that are used inside the cell • ...
Science FSA Vocabulary #4 2023-03-26
Across
- Part of an environment with organisms, interactions of living and non-living factors.
- Cells with a nucleus.
- A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not benefited or harmed.
- Conversion of sugar and oxygen into water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
- Forms of genes
- Living factors of an ecosystem.
- The change of organisms over time.
Down
- Cells with no nucleus.
- Conversion of solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen.
- Organisms that produce their food through photosynthesis
- A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.
- A relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Non-living factors of an ecosystem.
- Microscopic organisms that inject DNA into host cells to reproduce.
- Reproduction of cells that produce two identical daughter cells.
- Organisms that eat other organisms.
- Reproduction of cells that produce four cells with half # of chromosomes as parents.
17 Clues: Forms of genes • Cells with a nucleus. • Cells with no nucleus. • Living factors of an ecosystem. • The change of organisms over time. • Non-living factors of an ecosystem. • Organisms that eat other organisms. • A relationship where both organisms benefit. • Organisms that produce their food through photosynthesis • ...
Cell Size Presentation Crossword 2024-01-27
Across
- Eukaryotic cells have larger ________s than prokaryotic cells
- These pathways monitor nutrient availability within the cell
- Surface area measures the area of the cell's what?
- Volume increases at a __________ rate than surface area
- Organelles _______ their life processes from other life processes
- Volume measures the volume of the cell's
- Type of cell that contains organelles
- Organelles help make performing life __________ for Eukaryotes more efficient
- Organelles like this help Eukaryotic cells create ATP
Down
- Cell size is measured in these units
- Within here lies the largest cells
- Eukaryotic cells use these to stay efficient despite their larger sizes
- Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size
- Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio
- Cells do this to their size so they don't too large
- Type of cell that lacks organelles
- Cellular energy efficiency can be determined by dividing surface area by what?
17 Clues: Within here lies the largest cells • Type of cell that lacks organelles • Cell size is measured in these units • Type of cell that contains organelles • Volume measures the volume of the cell's • Cells use these mechanisms to regulate their size • Cell energy ______ is determined by the SA:V Ratio • Surface area measures the area of the cell's what? • ...