enlightenment Crossword Puzzles
Hindu and Buddhism Crossword 2020-11-19
Across
- The farmer/servant class in the caste system
- The worker class in the caste system
- Religious text of hinduism
- The path in Buddhism to reach enlightenment
- Also known as the Buddah
- The highest class in the caste system
- Also known as enlightenment
- Also known as the untouchables
Down
- Four things people had to understand to follow the eightfold path
- The god that is known as the preserver in hinduism
- The language found in hindu text
- The warrior class in the caste system
- Brought the caste system to india
- The belief that you come back as something different when you die
- Known as the creator in hinduism
15 Clues: Also known as the Buddah • Religious text of hinduism • Also known as enlightenment • Also known as the untouchables • The language found in hindu text • Known as the creator in hinduism • Brought the caste system to india • The worker class in the caste system • The warrior class in the caste system • The highest class in the caste system • ...
Ancient Indian Culture 2018-12-11
Across
- The worlds oldest religion.
- Helps to determine a persons destiny based on their actions.
- Broken the endless cycle of reincarnation.
- Collection of religious writings combined makes a sacred text of Hinduism.
- Necessary steps to reach spiritual enlightenment.
- A strict ancient hierarchy in India since 3000 years ago.
- Belief that someone will be reborn after they die.
- Indian Prince who didn't like the suffering in the world.
- Laws that outline behavior of Hindu's.
Down
- Fundamental principles of Buddhism.
- Process of clearing one's mind.
- Universal spirit of Hinduism.
- Means "the enlightened one".
- Your soul joins forces with the universe and breaks reincarnation.
- Religion founded in India by a prince.
15 Clues: The worlds oldest religion. • Means "the enlightened one". • Universal spirit of Hinduism. • Process of clearing one's mind. • Fundamental principles of Buddhism. • Religion founded in India by a prince. • Laws that outline behavior of Hindu's. • Broken the endless cycle of reincarnation. • Necessary steps to reach spiritual enlightenment. • ...
Chapter 10 2017-03-06
Across
- emphasized the importance of his own mind. he asserted that he would accept only those things that his reason said were true
- a mathematician that made the heliocentric experiment
- used a telescope to make observations. His observations seemed to ruin another theory of the Ptolemaic system
- showed that the planets that orbited the sun were not round
- one of the intellectuals of the enlightenment were influenced by the ideas from him and Isaac Newton
- A child prodigy, and a famous composer, he composed over 600 works
- a system of planetary motion that put earth at the center of the universe
- a system that placed the sun at the center of the universe
Down
- believed that the physical world and everything in it was like a giant machine, one of the enlightenment influences
- presented his concept of the social contract
- a procedure used for collecting and analyzing evidence
- Someone who studies wisdom, love to study
- a system of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
- A period when philosophers used reason and the scientific method to discover more about human nature
- the person who developed the scientific method, English philosopher
15 Clues: Someone who studies wisdom, love to study • presented his concept of the social contract • a mathematician that made the heliocentric experiment • a procedure used for collecting and analyzing evidence • a system that placed the sun at the center of the universe • showed that the planets that orbited the sun were not round • ...
Stenger 2021-03-02
Across
- Thinks if people work hard and are motivated they should make money
- ran a salon where the topic of enlightenment was spread
- period during the 1700s where they questioned the absolute government
- says the government has too much power and the people have the power because we elect them
- believes that the absolute monarch is the best ruler else the country would be chaotic
- the rights that can't be taken away from us, Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
- used the works of other people to create an encyclopedia to spread enlightenment
Down
- 1st womens' right advocate and says women should have the right to speak and they shouldn't have to ask their spouse for approval
- believed in the separation of powers creating three branches in the government
- He believes that every country should have freedom of speech
- the government says what you can and can't do
- someone who questions everything
- wrote the "Critique of Pure Reason," and said that natural rights are good for human nature
- says the government should protect our natural rights and if they don't we have the right to revolt
- writer who gained fame and wrote the "Robinson Crusoe"
15 Clues: someone who questions everything • the government says what you can and can't do • writer who gained fame and wrote the "Robinson Crusoe" • ran a salon where the topic of enlightenment was spread • He believes that every country should have freedom of speech • Thinks if people work hard and are motivated they should make money • ...
Exploration, Enlightenment, Revolutions 2018-04-12
Across
- known as the "Sun King"
- argued that governments needed to reflect "the general will"
- government body from which Napoleon seized power
- a wealthy commoner in the 3rd Estate
- father of Laissez-faire economics
- "__________ without representation" was a motto for the American Revolution
- the notion that one government in Europe should not be more powerful than others
- French fortress overrun by the citizens of Paris in 1789
- introduced the idea that the earth moves on an elliptical orbit
- a critic of abusive governments, argued for the freedom of religion and speech
Down
- territory that was seized by Prussia leading to the "War of Austrian Succession"
- said "I think, therefore I am"
- a French Court that blocked Louis XVI from raising taxes
- radical French revolutionary who oversaw the "Reign of Terror"
- war that created massive debts for the British government to repay
- Locke's notion that people are a blank slate when they are born
- the 3 motives that spurred European exploration
- a political philosopher who believed governments needed the power of a Leviathan
- conquestador who conquered the Aztec empire
19 Clues: known as the "Sun King" • said "I think, therefore I am" • father of Laissez-faire economics • a wealthy commoner in the 3rd Estate • conquestador who conquered the Aztec empire • the 3 motives that spurred European exploration • government body from which Napoleon seized power • a French Court that blocked Louis XVI from raising taxes • ...
Enlightenment and Renaissance 2024-05-02
Across
- Mutual obligation is the heart of it.
- A series of prolonged cold, dry periods.
- Believed there was no perfect form of government.
- Believed that men are naturally bad and selfish.
- 10,000 years ago(hint:agriculture)
- A type of government where people can decide on representatives who vote for leaders.
- Classical manuscripts were rescued and it was in 1453(event).
- "I do not wish them [women] to have power over men; but over themselves."
Down
- 1455-1485 Yorks vs Lancasters
- 1/3 of Europe's population died from this.
- People tied to their land(not literal).
- The rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman ideals.
- An event partially caused by European scientists trying to discover laws of nature.
- The nature of men without the government.
- "Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers."
- "Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.
- Believed that people are born good.
- people needed to give up something for the government to give something in return.
- Most common form of the Black Death.
19 Clues: 1455-1485 Yorks vs Lancasters • 10,000 years ago(hint:agriculture) • Believed that people are born good. • Most common form of the Black Death. • Mutual obligation is the heart of it. • People tied to their land(not literal). • A series of prolonged cold, dry periods. • The nature of men without the government. • 1/3 of Europe's population died from this. • ...
Enlightenment and Renaissance 2024-05-03
Across
- defended equality of women with men based on human reason.
- rational approach to religion;God as a divine watchmaker
- translation of "Renaissance"
- a system of political organization in which a vassal served a lord and received protection and land in return.
- “I would rather obey one lion than listen to 200 rats from my own species.”
- rise of the middle class allowing the patronization of artists which would spark creativity throughout Europe
- theology based on following church dogmas and based in Aristotle's teachings
- a belief based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are founded on human nature and experience
- advocated by philosophers like Voltaire & Locke
Down
- law that the eldest son inherited the entire estate of their family
- made the invisible hand theory
- a period of wide-spread cooling from around 1300 to around 1850 CE when average temperatures dropped in Europe
- type of military warfare in medieval times was for one side to mount an attack on the opponent's castle.
- “Men are born free and everywhere he is in chains.”
- French political philosopher that thought of the 3 government branches
- an infection spread mostly to humans in the 14th century by infected fleas that traveled on rats
- "It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law."
- Well-known for his paintings of the Madonna;Most famous for The School of Athens
- where the renaissance began
19 Clues: where the renaissance began • translation of "Renaissance" • made the invisible hand theory • advocated by philosophers like Voltaire & Locke • "It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law." • “Men are born free and everywhere he is in chains.” • rational approach to religion;God as a divine watchmaker • defended equality of women with men based on human reason. • ...
Buddhism 2013-01-11
Across
- The _________ path is the way to enlightenment
- Ignorance, attachment and aversion are known as the three _______
- A state of wisdom
- Quiet time to reflect and find inner peace
- The freeing of a person from the cycle of rebirth (samsara)
- The creator of Buddhism
Down
- Siddhartha's father wanted him to become ______
- Right purpose means you should be ________
- Being reborn into different bodies over time
- People who have been enlightened but stay on Earth
- Buddhists that believe Buddha is a god
- Buddhists that think that Buddha was a great teacher, not a god
- The clan Siddhartha was the prince of
- Not being satisfied completely
14 Clues: A state of wisdom • The creator of Buddhism • Not being satisfied completely • The clan Siddhartha was the prince of • Buddhists that believe Buddha is a god • Right purpose means you should be ________ • Quiet time to reflect and find inner peace • Being reborn into different bodies over time • The _________ path is the way to enlightenment • ...
French 2021-03-02
Across
- opposite of Hobbes, he said people were naturally good and had natural rights that the government has a job to protect, and if not it was people's right to revolt
- child prodigy and musical genius, composed tons of works and was a celebrity, died at 35
- first women's rights activist.
- period during the 1700s when reason was used to question the authority of absolute government.
- a place where people gathered and socialized, where many Enlightenment ideas were spread.
- believed every country should have freedom of speech.
- wrote encyclopedias that spread enlightenment ideas.
- style of art that is very ornate and formal with formal lines that glorified battles and portrayed the lives of Saints.
Down
- inherent rights like life, liberty and property that an individual has from birth.
- said the government should be divided into three branches with equal power.
- He wrote Robinson Crusoe.
- believed that people were naturally bad, and so an absolute government was needed to control them.
- the government restricting new ideas and information.
- father of economics, said the government should have a hands-off approach for the economy.
- style of art that was less formal, lighter, with pastels and flowy lines that showed happy images like love scenes.
15 Clues: He wrote Robinson Crusoe. • first women's rights activist. • wrote encyclopedias that spread enlightenment ideas. • the government restricting new ideas and information. • believed every country should have freedom of speech. • said the government should be divided into three branches with equal power. • ...
Enlightenment and Renaissance 2024-05-03
Across
- doing what is best for the state and society
- thought people were bad by nature.
- Thought that men and women would be equal if women were given education
- The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
- not slaves but were tied to the land
- A form of democracy in which the people as a whole make direct decisions on laws and policies, rather than having those decisions made for them by elected representatives
- Government power comes from the will of the people or the consent of the governed.
- Marked by a gradual shift from the abstract forms of the medieval period to the representational forms of the 15th century
- policymaking institutions are influenced based on the wealthy and powerful.
Down
- looking down or treating others different because of wealth
- man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.
- Typical military confrontation in medieval times was for one side to mount an attack on opponent's castle.
- centralization in the Middle Ages was defined by a decentralized government based on the system of land as reward for loyalty
- Thought people were good by nature.
- One major problem with taking a castle by storm – collapsing a tower by knocking a whole into the walls.
- transition from medieval to modern society
- The rights that people are born with and can never give up.
- power to keep other parts of government in order
18 Clues: thought people were bad by nature. • Thought people were good by nature. • not slaves but were tied to the land • transition from medieval to modern society • doing what is best for the state and society • power to keep other parts of government in order • man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. • looking down or treating others different because of wealth • ...
Absolutism and Enlightenment 2025-03-03
Across
- French thinker who promoted religious tolerance
- you can find a lot of John Locke in this American document
- English man who advocated for the "general will" in government
- English thinker who believed people were evil
- French man who advocated for the separation of powers
- he wanted Russia to be more like France and Britain
- Louis XIV's nickname
- Also known as the Age of Reason
Down
- English woman who advocated for equal education for men and women
- English thinker who believed natural rights should be protected
- a system in which a ruler holds total power
- Tabula Rasa
- Peter the Great's new capital city for Russia
- John Locke's three natural rights
- held most of the power in Europe prior to Absolutist rulers
- god has chosen this person to rule
- emphasized science and reason over blind faith
- tax on elite Russian men for their facial hair
- Louis XIV's palace
19 Clues: Tabula Rasa • Louis XIV's palace • Louis XIV's nickname • Also known as the Age of Reason • John Locke's three natural rights • god has chosen this person to rule • a system in which a ruler holds total power • Peter the Great's new capital city for Russia • English thinker who believed people were evil • emphasized science and reason over blind faith • ...
Crossword Puzzle 2022-03-17
Across
- thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment
- the division of powers among branches of government
- a sort of handbook describing the ideas of the Enlightenment
- an 18th-century movement that sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems
- Belief that truth can be determined solely by logical thinking
Down
- the doctrine that the people are the source of all political power wielded by the state
- He was an English philosopher between 1632-1704
- an agreement in which people give power to a government in return for its protections
- rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings
- He ridiculed bigotry and prejudice and supported freedom of expression
10 Clues: thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment • He was an English philosopher between 1632-1704 • the division of powers among branches of government • a sort of handbook describing the ideas of the Enlightenment • Belief that truth can be determined solely by logical thinking • rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings • ...
Unit 1 Vocabulary 2024-09-02
Across
- early and elaborate development of what has come to be known as “social contract theory
- a proponent of limited government
- an age of ideas
- his work On the Social Contract, which questioned the purpose and place of government and its responsibility for its citizens.
- a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment
Down
- the most influential political philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment
- A person receives the right to rule by god.
- when one person has all the power and there are no rules or limits to what they can do.
- an original Act of the English Parliament
- the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law
10 Clues: an age of ideas • a proponent of limited government • an original Act of the English Parliament • a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment • A person receives the right to rule by god. • the most influential political philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment • early and elaborate development of what has come to be known as “social contract theory • ...
Ancient India Vocabulary #2 2018-12-11
Across
- Hindu religious laws that outline the behavior Hindus are supposed to follow.
- the belief that one gets reborn perhaps in a different form after one dies.
- A written collection of sacred hymns, prayers, chants, and other religious writings that combined have become one of the most sacred texts of Hinduism.
- is the universal spirit of Hinduism. Often viewed as God, Brahman is the main created force in the universe.
- means "the enlightened one", the name given to Gautama and others who have discovered the path to enlightenment.
- a wealthy privileged India prince who was unhappy with the suffering he saw within the world and was determined to find a path to a life without it.
- process of clearing one's mind so one can relax and see the spiritual path needed to find enlightenment.
Down
- having broken the endless cycle of reincarnation in both Hinduism and Buddhism.
- the four fundamental principals of Buddhism.
- the steps necessary to reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism.
- The world's oldest religion and the most dominant one in India. The religion has elements of polytheism combined with hints of monotheism (one god).
- Religion founded in India by Prince Siddhartha Gautama and found most in the east and southeast Asia, based on the idea that human suffering is caused by people's desires.
- the total effect of a person's actions and conduct during a person's life. This will help determine their destiny.
- the goal in both Hinduism and Buddism is to reach the state where your soul joins forces with the universal spirit of the world and can break the cycle of reincarnation.
- a strict ancient social hierarchy that has governed the people of India for 3000 years.
15 Clues: the four fundamental principals of Buddhism. • the steps necessary to reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism. • the belief that one gets reborn perhaps in a different form after one dies. • Hindu religious laws that outline the behavior Hindus are supposed to follow. • having broken the endless cycle of reincarnation in both Hinduism and Buddhism. • ...
Enlightenment Crossword 2022-12-05
Across
- one of the two men who lead the enlightenment
- Emphasized the general will of people
- when a monarchy rules with complete power
- the switch from religion to science
Down
- the first president
- emphasized checks and balances
- wrote the book The Wealth of Nations
- the change or overthrow of a government
- created liberals
- thought all people were evil and selfish
10 Clues: created liberals • the first president • emphasized checks and balances • the switch from religion to science • wrote the book The Wealth of Nations • Emphasized the general will of people • the change or overthrow of a government • thought all people were evil and selfish • when a monarchy rules with complete power • one of the two men who lead the enlightenment
Buddhism 2023-12-13
Across
- The tree that siddhartha sat under
- where was Siddhartha isolated
- Who isolated Siddhartha?
- man who separates himself from society and lives either alone (a hermit or anchorite) or in an organized community in order to devote himself full time to religious life.
- individual who has reached nirvana alone
- Buddhism religious text
- The place where buddhism began
Down
- how long did Siddhartha live in poverty
- Whi achieved enlightenment first
- The animal that came to the queen in a dream
- The four truths about suffering
- action driven by intention which leads to future consequences
- Awakened to the truth
13 Clues: Awakened to the truth • Buddhism religious text • Who isolated Siddhartha? • where was Siddhartha isolated • The place where buddhism began • The four truths about suffering • Whi achieved enlightenment first • The tree that siddhartha sat under • how long did Siddhartha live in poverty • individual who has reached nirvana alone • The animal that came to the queen in a dream • ...
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • farming • dropped • balance • leading • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • behavior, actions • from birth, genes • one after another • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • dropped • balance • farming • leading • began in • new ideas • right and wrong • started, agreed • one after another • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
Holiday Civics Crossword 2024-12-20
Across
- Branch that makes laws
- Supreme Court judge
- Introduction to the U.S. Constitution
- A person who opposed the U.S. Constitution and wanted to keep a confederal system
- Supreme law of the land
- Leader of the executive branch at the federal level
Down
- Enlightenment thinker who believed in separation of powers
- Rule that the government cannot keep secrets and must be open
- Branch that enforces laws
- Branch that interprets laws
- State laws
- Idea that power is divided and shared throughout different levels of government
- Enlightenment thinker that believed in the natural rights of life, liberty, and property
- System of government where states hold the power
14 Clues: State laws • Supreme Court judge • Branch that makes laws • Supreme law of the land • Branch that enforces laws • Branch that interprets laws • Introduction to the U.S. Constitution • System of government where states hold the power • Leader of the executive branch at the federal level • Enlightenment thinker who believed in separation of powers • ...
Ch. 10 2017-03-06
Across
- emphasized the importance of his own mind. He asserted that he would accept only those things that his reason said were true
- one of the intellectuals of the enlightenment were influenced by the ideas from him and Isaac Newton
- someone who studies wisdom, love to study
- composer of music, most famous for oprah music.
- a procedure used for collecting and analyzing evidence
- presented his concept of the social contract
- the person who developed the scientific method, english philosopher
- a system of planetary motion that put earth in the middle of the universe
Down
- a mathematician that made the heliocentric experiment.
- a period when philosophers believed that they could apply the scientific method and use reason to explain human nature logically
- a system that placed the sun in the middle of the universe
- showed that the planets orbit the sun were not circular.
- used a telescope to make observations. His observations seemed to ruin another theory of the ptolemaic system.
- a system of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
- believed that the physical world and everything in it was like a giant machine, one of the enlightenment influencers
15 Clues: someone who studies wisdom, love to study • presented his concept of the social contract • composer of music, most famous for oprah music. • a mathematician that made the heliocentric experiment. • a procedure used for collecting and analyzing evidence • showed that the planets orbit the sun were not circular. • ...
HOORAY AUDREY'S SUPER COOL BUDDHIST CROSSWORD PUZZLE YIPPEE!!!!!!11!!!11!11!1!!!1 2023-04-18
8 Clues: inner peace • enlightenment • place of worship • worship of buddha • holy buddhist book • teaches "the way things are". • becoming another living thing in a new life • will end desire and lead you to enlightenment
Enlightenment 2021-08-06
Across
- Believed that religion crushes the human spirit; "one must cultivate one's own garden"
- Wrote the first major work of the French Enlightenment; criticized existing practices and beliefs; wrote on the political theory of separation of powers
- German Enlightenment thinker who argued against the idea that all knowledge is empirical; mind is shaped by experiences
- Wrote on politics and society; the general will of the people is important and reflects common interest of all people
Down
- Called for reform in the laws and prison system; stop the use of torture, et.c
- Scottish Enlightenment thinker who emphasized civic morality and religious skepticism; cast doubt onto religion
- Scottish Enlightenment thinker who wrote on the economic theory of laissez-faire
7 Clues: Called for reform in the laws and prison system; stop the use of torture, et.c • Scottish Enlightenment thinker who wrote on the economic theory of laissez-faire • Believed that religion crushes the human spirit; "one must cultivate one's own garden" • ...
Enlightenment 2021-08-06
Across
- Believed that religion crushes the human spirit; "one must cultivate one's own garden"
- Wrote the first major work of the French Enlightenment; criticized existing practices and beliefs; wrote on the political theory of separation of powers
- German Enlightenment thinker who argued against the idea that all knowledge is empirical; mind is shaped by experiences
- Wrote on politics and society; the general will of the people is important and reflects common interest of all people
Down
- Called for reform in the laws and prison system; stop the use of torture, et.c
- Scottish Enlightenment thinker who emphasized civic morality and religious skepticism; cast doubt onto religion
- Scottish Enlightenment thinker who wrote on the economic theory of laissez-faire
7 Clues: Called for reform in the laws and prison system; stop the use of torture, et.c • Scottish Enlightenment thinker who wrote on the economic theory of laissez-faire • Believed that religion crushes the human spirit; "one must cultivate one's own garden" • ...
Enlightenment 2023-09-28
7 Clues: free ______ • The Social ______ • thought that people were good • François-Marie Arouet went by • thought that people were naturally bad • What was Mary Wollstonecraft the first of • how many volumes of the first encyclopedia
Enlightenment 2023-09-28
7 Clues: free ______ • The Social ______ • thought that people were good • François-Marie Arouet went by • thought that people were naturally bad • What was Mary Wollstonecraft the first of • how many volumes of the first encyclopedia
Enlightenment 2024-02-12
The Enlightenment 2022-09-29
Across
- He felt that the best way to protect liberty was to divide the various functions and powers of government among three branches
- written by Wollstonecraft
- focused on economic reforms
- Wherever there was a demand for goods or services, he said, suppliers would seek to meet that demand in order to gain profits
- led to a revolution in thinking known as the Enlightenment
- what John Locke believed all people were born with
- required government regulation of the economy to achieve a favorable balance of trade
Down
- an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society.
- They believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society
- people are basically good, but the evils of society corrupts their natural innocence.
- written by Thomas Hobbes'
11 Clues: written by Thomas Hobbes' • written by Wollstonecraft • focused on economic reforms • what John Locke believed all people were born with • led to a revolution in thinking known as the Enlightenment • an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society. • people are basically good, but the evils of society corrupts their natural innocence. • ...
Enlightenment review 2019-09-22
Across
- the concept that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will and all individuals should be forced to abide by its since it represents what is best for the entire community
- a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
- French for "philosopher" applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment
- He thought that there should be a law making branch separate from the president/executive branch
- the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
Down
- a form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances
- He believed that people that are accused of a crime should still have rights and that they should have a trail
- He thought that people should have the freedom of speech and press as a basic right. The U.S. copied his ideas in our 1st Amendment of the Constitution
- Our founding fathers copied his ideas of natural rights, life, liberty, and property. We changed it to the pursuit of happiness in our Declaration of Independence
- an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
- the elegant urban drawing rooms where, in the 18th century, writes, artists, aristocrats, government officials, and wealth middle-class people gathered to discuss the ideas of the phillosophes
11 Clues: an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law • French for "philosopher" applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment • He thought that there should be a law making branch separate from the president/executive branch • the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone • ...
Enlightenment Vocabulary 2020-09-22
Across
- a belief system that emphasizes human actions and places great value on human nature.
- an unwritten agreement between people and their government
- belief in a God who created but has no continuing involvement in the world and the events within it.
- To give spiritual or intellectual insight to
- _________ of powers, the theory of dividing government power between more than one branch of government
- willing to accept different beliefs and customs of others
- Books, magazines, and other materials that are printed for the public to read
- the form of government in which the ruler is not restricted by a constitution or laws.
Down
- Rights that belong to all people at birth
- To explain, give the meaning of
- beliefs about what is right and wrong
11 Clues: To explain, give the meaning of • beliefs about what is right and wrong • Rights that belong to all people at birth • To give spiritual or intellectual insight to • willing to accept different beliefs and customs of others • an unwritten agreement between people and their government • Books, magazines, and other materials that are printed for the public to read • ...
The Enlightenment 2024-06-03
Across
- was designed to justify breaking away from a government
- His key theories were a critique of capitalism and its shortcomings
- an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection
- - The work sought to explore, through historical and contemporary examples, what made or caused nations to be wealthy
- a work that outlines hi theories on social government
- a book outlining his theories on social contract and a strong central authority
Down
- It theorizes that capitalism will bring about its own destruction by polarizing and unifying the proletariat, and predicts that a revolution will lead to the emergence of communism
- famous for rec reinvented the social contract as a compact between the individual and a collective “general will”
- believed that economic development was best fostered in an environment of free competition that operated in accordance with universal “natural laws.”
- argued that all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that rulers who fail to protect those rights may be removed by the people
- a philosopher known for his work Leviathan
11 Clues: a philosopher known for his work Leviathan • a work that outlines hi theories on social government • was designed to justify breaking away from a government • His key theories were a critique of capitalism and its shortcomings • a book outlining his theories on social contract and a strong central authority • ...
Enlightenment & Revolutions 2025-11-14
Across
- The European country who colonized Haiti
- The unalienable rights are "life, liberty and the pursuit of___"
- the most popular cash crop grown on plantations in Latin America
- the offspring of Europeans and Native Americans
- French leader who reinstated slavery in Haiti
- Main author of the Declaration of Independence
Down
- a form of economic system and nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports of an economy.
- an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized reason, science, and individualism over superstition and blind faith
- Spanish colonists not born in Spain
- First latin American colony granted freedom
- This revolution inspired the French revolution
11 Clues: Spanish colonists not born in Spain • The European country who colonized Haiti • First latin American colony granted freedom • French leader who reinstated slavery in Haiti • This revolution inspired the French revolution • Main author of the Declaration of Independence • the offspring of Europeans and Native Americans • ...
Enlightenment Review 2022-09-06
Across
- Mary Wollstonecraft believed women should have the right to the same _____ as men.
- An Enlightenment thinker who supported religious freedom
- To give someone greater knowledge or understanding
Down
- The _______ method was used by both scientists and philosophers of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
- An Enlightenment thinker who believed people were born with natural rights
- An Enlightenment thinker who believed government should be divided into 3 independent branches
- The ability to think and come to conclusions using logic
7 Clues: To give someone greater knowledge or understanding • An Enlightenment thinker who supported religious freedom • The ability to think and come to conclusions using logic • An Enlightenment thinker who believed people were born with natural rights • Mary Wollstonecraft believed women should have the right to the same _____ as men. • ...
Revolutionary Characters 2017-10-11
Across
- ____ and Hutchinson were good enlightenment figures
- Washington was not an intellectual he was a man of
- Washington made the presidency _____
- An independent ____ was new to Americans
- ______ was a more down to earth affair
Down
- Washington never meant to ____ politics
- Washington was a man few words and no great ___
- _____ was new and untried
- Americas greatest president
- Washington was elected with every ____ vote
10 Clues: _____ was new and untried • Americas greatest president • Washington made the presidency _____ • ______ was a more down to earth affair • Washington never meant to ____ politics • An independent ____ was new to Americans • Washington was elected with every ____ vote • Washington was a man few words and no great ___ • Washington was not an intellectual he was a man of • ...
Buddhism the four noble truths 2022-06-21
Across
- What was the Buddha before he became the Buddha
- The founder of Buddhism
- The state of having an insight
- the truth discovered by the Buddha during enlightenment
Down
- Eight practices
- Buddhists believe it cannot be avoided
- Which religion has no holy book?
- Buddhism started spreading from here
- Have a desire to possess something
- A strong feeling of wanting or wishing
10 Clues: Eight practices • The founder of Buddhism • The state of having an insight • Which religion has no holy book? • Have a desire to possess something • Buddhism started spreading from here • Buddhists believe it cannot be avoided • A strong feeling of wanting or wishing • What was the Buddha before he became the Buddha • the truth discovered by the Buddha during enlightenment
Unit 1 vocabulary 2017-08-01
Buddhism Crossword 2015-04-23
Across
- Contains a cutting of the holy tree, Bodhi Tree.
- Means “suffering exists.”
- Is also known as virtue, good conduct and morality.
- “Golden Rule,” do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
- One of Buddhism's most influential symbols.
Down
- Which means “there is a cause for suffering.”
- Where Buddha achieved Enlightenment.
- The belief that all living things are equal.
- Refers to the tree under which the Buddha achieved enlightenment.
- Where Buddha attained Parinirvana and was cremated.
- Recognized as the birth site of Buddha.
- Where Buddha first taught the Dharma.
- Which means “there is an end to suffering.”
13 Clues: Means “suffering exists.” • Where Buddha achieved Enlightenment. • Where Buddha first taught the Dharma. • Recognized as the birth site of Buddha. • Which means “there is an end to suffering.” • One of Buddhism's most influential symbols. • The belief that all living things are equal. • Which means “there is a cause for suffering.” • ...
Buddhist Beliefs Retrieval Task 2022-10-09
Across
- Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha.
- A false state that gives the impression of being awakened
- The ___ watches of the night
- Siddhartha lived six years in the forest as an...
- A way of life which rejects extremism
- The Buddha's teachings
- The name given to the moment Siddhartha gave up his life of luxury
Down
- Gaining true knowledge about the nature of reality
- The name Siddhartha means...
- Life is a state of suffering.
- Fetter, Bondage; the name of Siddhartha's son
- One of the seven states of suffering is...
- The Lord who tried to prevent Siddhartha reaching Enlightenment
- Law; a fact about the way things are
14 Clues: The Buddha's teachings • Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha. • The name Siddhartha means... • The ___ watches of the night • Life is a state of suffering. • Law; a fact about the way things are • A way of life which rejects extremism • One of the seven states of suffering is... • Fetter, Bondage; the name of Siddhartha's son • Siddhartha lived six years in the forest as an... • ...
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: path • stop • to get • farming • balance • leading • dropped • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • one after another • behavior, actions • from birth, genes • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • farming • leading • balance • dropped • began in • new ideas • right and wrong • started, agreed • behavior, actions • one after another • from birth, genes • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • farming • leading • dropped • balance • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • one after another • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
Adams 12/11/18 2018-12-11
Across
- The steps necessary to reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism
- The belief that one gets reborn perhaps in a different form after one dies.
- A written collection of sacred hymns, prayers, chants and other religious writings that combined have become one of the most sacred texts of Hinduism.
- The goal in both Hinduism and Buddhism is the to reach of state where your soul joins forces with the universal spirit of the world and can break the cycle of reincarnation.
- A wealthy privileged India Prince who was unhappy with the suffering he saw within the world and was determined to find a path to a life without it.
- Means “the enlightened one,” the name given to Gautama and other who have discovered the path to enlightenment.
- Religion founded in India by Prince Siddhartha Gautama and found most in east and southeast Asia, based on the idea that human suffering is caused by people’s desires.
- A strict ancient social hierarchy that has governed the people of India for 3000 years.
Down
- The four fundamental principles of Buddhism
- Having broken the endless cycle of reincarnation in both Hinduism and Buddhism
- Process of clearing one’s mind so one can relax and see the spiritual path needed to take to find enlightenment.
- Is the universal spirit of Hinduism. Often viewed as God, Brahman is the main creative force in the universe.
- The world’s oldest religion and the most dominant one in India. The religion has elements of polytheism combined with hints of monotheism (one god).
- The total effect of a person’s actions and conduct during a person’s life. This will help determine their destiny.
- Hindu religious laws that outline the behavior Hindu’s are supposed to follow.
15 Clues: The four fundamental principles of Buddhism • The steps necessary to reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism • The belief that one gets reborn perhaps in a different form after one dies. • Having broken the endless cycle of reincarnation in both Hinduism and Buddhism • Hindu religious laws that outline the behavior Hindu’s are supposed to follow. • ...
Allegory of the Cave 2013-10-12
Across
- Plato's concept of reality; only these are real
- Represents the world of senses; ignorance and imagination
- The idea of an object in a way for the prisoners to understand
- Prisoners were chained facing this
- Philosopher; prisoner who exits the cave in the story
- Well-known modern allegory; Lion represents Jesus
- A representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms
- Represents thought; enlightenment
Down
- Leads prisoners to believe in a false reality; false thought
- Represents senses deceiving us
- The general population
- Philosopher; author
- Represents journey to knowledge and enlightenment
13 Clues: Philosopher; author • The general population • Represents senses deceiving us • Represents thought; enlightenment • Prisoners were chained facing this • Plato's concept of reality; only these are real • Well-known modern allegory; Lion represents Jesus • Represents journey to knowledge and enlightenment • Philosopher; prisoner who exits the cave in the story • ...
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: path • stop • to get • balance • leading • dropped • farming • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • from birth, genes • one after another • behavior, actions • to persuade, change • rebirth after death • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • dropped • leading • farming • balance • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • behavior, actions • from birth, genes • one after another • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • leading • dropped • farming • balance • began in • new ideas • right and wrong • started, agreed • one after another • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • leading • farming • dropped • balance • began in • new ideas • right and wrong • started, agreed • one after another • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • to persuade, change • rebirth after death • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
Enlightenment and Renaissance 2024-05-03
Across
- doing what is best for the state and society
- thought people were bad by nature.
- Thought that men and women would be equal if women were given education
- The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
- not slaves but were tied to the land
- A form of democracy in which the people as a whole make direct decisions on laws and policies, rather than having those decisions made for them by elected representatives
- Government power comes from the will of the people or the consent of the governed.
- Marked by a gradual shift from the abstract forms of the medieval period to the representational forms of the 15th century
- policymaking institutions are influenced based on the wealthy and powerful.
Down
- looking down or treating others different because of wealth
- man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.
- Typical military confrontation in medieval times was for one side to mount an attack on opponent's castle.
- centralization in the Middle Ages was defined by a decentralized government based on the system of land as reward for loyalty
- Thought people were good by nature.
- One major problem with taking a castle by storm – collapsing a tower by knocking a whole into the walls.
- transition from medieval to modern society
- The rights that people are born with and can never give up.
- power to keep other parts of government in order
18 Clues: thought people were bad by nature. • Thought people were good by nature. • not slaves but were tied to the land • transition from medieval to modern society • doing what is best for the state and society • power to keep other parts of government in order • man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. • looking down or treating others different because of wealth • ...
Renaissance and Enlightenment 2024-05-03
Across
- painter
- a painting style with extreme shading
- attacked Austria to take Silesia in the “Austrian War of Succession”
- 1455 to 1485 a fight between the houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne
- “I would rather obey one lion than listen to 200 rats from my own species.”
- all men are created equal and no one should be born into more power than another
- people need to give up some rights to a government to maintain social order
- rational approach to religion; God as a divine watchmaker
- Inspiration from ancient mythology
- European scientists using reason to discover laws of nature
Down
- Believed there was no form of government that was perfect for all societies
- Catherine the Great sponsored the first school for girls in Russia
- French invasion of 1494 started it
- a philosophical stance that focuses on the potential of humankind based on reason
- “Men are born free and everywhere he is in chains.”
- known for Madonna paintings
- classic manuscripts were rescued
- a theology focused on finding answers to questions using logical discussion
18 Clues: painter • known for Madonna paintings • classic manuscripts were rescued • French invasion of 1494 started it • Inspiration from ancient mythology • a painting style with extreme shading • “Men are born free and everywhere he is in chains.” • rational approach to religion; God as a divine watchmaker • European scientists using reason to discover laws of nature • ...
Hinduism and Buddhism 2017-08-22
Across
- The pattern of conditioned habits that we mistake for a sense of self
- Fully awakened one
- A gladdening of the mind and body.
- The physical and mental energy needed for diligent mindfulness practice
- Careful attention to mental and physical processes;
- awakening
- spiritual friend
- Path of the Elders;
- To see clearly
- The kind of doubt that undermines faith
- Appreciative or empathetic joy;
- Mindfulness of breathing
Down
- The tendency of the mind to cling to concepts at the expense of reality
- The practice of giving; generosity.
- Faith, confidence
- The tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, India
- The teachings of the Buddha
- In the context of metta (lovingkindness) practice, someone for whom you feel no particular liking or disliking
- Action based on kindness, respect, truthfulness, timeliness and wisdom
- The auspicious power of wholesome action that brings positive karmic results
- A spiritual path that avoids extremes of self-mortification and self-indulgence
- Interest and inquiry into experience.
- A technique used in meditation to help direct the mind to the object of meditation
- The six perceptual gates through which we experience the world.
- Wisdom-heart or the awakened heart/mind; the aspiration for supreme enlightenment
- A term referring to the group of meditation practices that aim at samadhi
- Extinction of the fires of attachment, hatred and delusion that cause suffering
- Compassion; one of the four Brahma-Viharas
- A principle that defines a certain standard of ethical conduct
- Defilement; unwholesome qualities
30 Clues: awakening • To see clearly • spiritual friend • Faith, confidence • Fully awakened one • Path of the Elders; • Mindfulness of breathing • The teachings of the Buddha • Appreciative or empathetic joy; • Defilement; unwholesome qualities • A gladdening of the mind and body. • The practice of giving; generosity. • Interest and inquiry into experience. • ...
Hinduism and Buddhism - Kylie Holt 2018-08-21
Across
- Language of Theravada Buddhist canon, believed to be the spoken language of the Buddha; closely related to Sanskrit
- the total actions in a person's life that determine the next state of existence
- a way of life that would eventually lead to enlightenment
- nonviolence
- The cycle of the phenomenal world, marked by the continual progression of birth, death and rebirth; transmigration
- The cause of suffering
- union with the universe
- The tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, India – a fig tree popularly called Pipal (Ficus Religiosa)
- a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion
Down
- union with brahman
- special, symbolic posture, seated or standing, used in yoga and in the representation of the gods
- to be born again as another form of life or into another class of human society
- a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment
- appearance of a deity in another form
- the heart of Buddhist belief
- he religious and moral duties of the person
- a three-pronged spear; attribute of Shiva
- Fully awakened one; specifically the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni, who lived and taught in India 2,500 years ago; one of the three jewels of refuge
- animal mount of a deity which identifies the god or goddess
- God as creator, evolver, emanator; considered the author of the Vedas
20 Clues: nonviolence • union with brahman • The cause of suffering • union with the universe • the heart of Buddhist belief • appearance of a deity in another form • a three-pronged spear; attribute of Shiva • he religious and moral duties of the person • a way of life that would eventually lead to enlightenment • animal mount of a deity which identifies the god or goddess • ...
AP World Fun Review :-) 2024-05-14
Across
- The birthplace of industrialization
- Ideas such as life, liberty and property
- the uses of nuclear bombs will lead to mutually assured ___
- corruption and efficiency and the massacre of peasants during WWI caused this revolution
- The ____ system organized people by religion and ethnicity
- Empires used by the Portuguese
- the ___ of India and Pakistan did not stop conflict between the two nations
- the causes of world war I
- The philosophy used the Bureaucratic China
- The ____ Exam organized the Chinese Bureaucracy
- the inventions and scholastic achievements from South and Southeast asi
- The most religiously tolerant gun powder empire
- The father of Communism
- welfare, social security, unemployment
- The Great Leap forward and Five Year plan emphasized both industrialization and ____ farming.
Down
- The ____ reforms used by the Ottomans to incorporate enlightenment ideas.
- The mixing of religion to create a new religion (like Sikhism is from Hindu and Islam)
- pesticides, modern irrigation and plant genetics caused this in the 20th century
- The belief used to justify imperializing "inferior" races is Social ___
- Sepoy, Maji Maji
- The unfair ____ caused both the American and French Revolutions
- Post-Classical economic development on land in Eurasia
- The ___ wars between Britain and China over the sale of an addictive drug.
- The ____ system organized people by race and religion
- Japan's effort to include Enlightenment is the ____ restoration
- the exchange of crops, animals and diseases from the old world to the new world (cows, pigs TO Americas, corn, potato TO Europe
- The treaty of ____ blamed the first world war on Germany
27 Clues: Sepoy, Maji Maji • The father of Communism • the causes of world war I • Empires used by the Portuguese • The birthplace of industrialization • welfare, social security, unemployment • Ideas such as life, liberty and property • The philosophy used the Bureaucratic China • The ____ Exam organized the Chinese Bureaucracy • The most religiously tolerant gun powder empire • ...
morgan brandis-enlightenment and revolution 2022-12-20
Across
- principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.
- people are born with right to life,liberty,property
- a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music etc;
- agreement between people and gov't
- sun centered solar system
- separation of powers was the only way to prevent tyranny
- a gathering of people help by inspiring host
- a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government
- a form of rational theology that emerged among “freethinking”
- the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution
- change in thinking about the natural word using observation
- applied reason and logic to people and society
- American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Down
- wanted equal education for women
- the founding document of the United States
- universal laws and motion, gravity
- theory that the truth can be discovered through reason,logic
- thinkers of the enlightenment
- form of government in the absolute monarchs pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.
- earth centered solar system
- Punishment should fit the crime,no torture
- An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe
- logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas
- gov't should only exist for the benefit for the people
- used telescope to study astronomy
- satirist sponsored tolerance,liberty,freedom religion/speech
- a cultural and art movement that characterized Europe from the early seventeenth to mid-eighteenth
27 Clues: sun centered solar system • earth centered solar system • thinkers of the enlightenment • wanted equal education for women • used telescope to study astronomy • universal laws and motion, gravity • agreement between people and gov't • the founding document of the United States • Punishment should fit the crime,no torture • the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution • ...
FAMOUS PEOPLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 2021-12-16
Across
- better steam engine
- spinning machine
- Scottish enlightenment
- cotton gin
- the elder
- flying shuttle
- atmospheric engine
- abolish
- Victorian era
- Frankenstein
- textile manufacturer
Down
- agitator
- plowing and seeding
- motor company
- 2nd Viscount Townshend
- "father of railways"
- romantic painter
- Irish geologist
- English carpenter
- destitute children
- "common sense"
- textile workers
22 Clues: abolish • agitator • the elder • cotton gin • Frankenstein • motor company • Victorian era • "common sense" • flying shuttle • Irish geologist • textile workers • spinning machine • romantic painter • English carpenter • destitute children • atmospheric engine • better steam engine • plowing and seeding • textile manufacturer • "father of railways" • 2nd Viscount Townshend • Scottish enlightenment
Social Studies CrossWord 2022-09-26
9 Clues: Belief in one god • an aspect of reality • is a system in India • Belief in multiple gods • is a special word for god • Is created by your actions • Is what buddhists want to reach • The point or place where something is created • Is the place you go after reaching Enlightenment
APWH Unit 5 2022-05-23
Across
- practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles; utilized by Otto von Bismarck to unify Germany
- A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets.
- 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.
- A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.
- (1793-1794) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty;" led by Robespierre who tried rebels and had them executed often by guillotine
- the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
- A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method.
- An Enlightenment concept; an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed; popular in the 16th-18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.
- the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men; became popular during the Enlightenment MaryWollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women, a famous feminist document in 1792
- the right to vote in political elections
Down
- Was an important leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.
- Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) in order to create a sense of national unity; assisted German unification in 1871
- rights granted to all people by nature or God that cannot be denied or restricted by any government or individual; are often said to be granted to people by "natural law." Often discussed by Enlightenment thinker John Locke
- The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
- sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs, and territory; sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity
15 Clues: the right to vote in political elections • 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. • the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation • ...
Absolutism and Enlightenment 2022-02-01
Across
- given to citizens by god.
- pessimistic philosopher
- type of government that replaced feudalism
- criminal justice
- influenced Jefferson's declaration
- document analysis strategy
- Wollstonecraft was one
- technique to address document questions
- often challenged monarchs for power
Down
- English industrial city
- monarchy that shares power with parliament
- Louix XIV ruled this state
- agreement between citizens and government
- freedom of speech and religion
- separation of powers
- complete set of organism's genes
- life,liberty,and...
- monarchs claimed this in order to rule.
18 Clues: criminal justice • life,liberty,and... • separation of powers • Wollstonecraft was one • English industrial city • pessimistic philosopher • given to citizens by god. • Louix XIV ruled this state • document analysis strategy • freedom of speech and religion • complete set of organism's genes • influenced Jefferson's declaration • often challenged monarchs for power • ...
Enlightenment and Renaissance 2024-05-02
Across
- Invisible hand theory, believed that government should stay out of businesses
- Blamed evil in the world on the unequal distribution of property, believed in the social contract, people are inherently good and always do what's best for the community
- first edition published in 1690 by John Locke
- Ambition must counteract ambition, believed in 3 branches of government
- cutting skin with a sharp tool to release infection or build up (used prominently during the time of the plague)
- Believed in science, the social contract; believed heavily in the use of force within the government, “It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law.”
- regular get togethers to hear the latest idea, learn about the latest book, or meet the latest philosophe
- "It is better to risk saving a guilty man than to condemn an innocent one
Down
- The idea that people live together in society under the moral and political rules for behavior.
- Death of _____ _____, an explorer that made 4 voyages across the ocean.
- 1688, the abdication of Catholic monarch James II
- A very contagious bacterial disease accompanied by a fever
- series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy
- term to describe rights given by god that can not be taken away
- Transition from medieval to modern society
- It was believed to start in China in 1334, spreading along trade routes and reaching Europe via Sicilian ports in the late 1340s
- analogy for the concept god put all the planets on route like a watch which is the reason they spin around the sun
- motto of ____,German Philosopher,Have courage to use your own understanding!
18 Clues: Transition from medieval to modern society • first edition published in 1690 by John Locke • 1688, the abdication of Catholic monarch James II • A very contagious bacterial disease accompanied by a fever • term to describe rights given by god that can not be taken away • Death of _____ _____, an explorer that made 4 voyages across the ocean. • ...
Buddhism Recap 2022-10-20
Across
- Also means suffering
- This means having no soul
- Buddha's original name
- The demon that represents obstacles to Enlightenment
Down
- The gaining of true knowledge that Buddhists strive to achieve
- The school of Buddhism where only monks can be Enlightened
- Buddha's teachings
- The repeated cycle of birth, death, rebirth
- This means impermanence
9 Clues: Buddha's teachings • Also means suffering • Buddha's original name • This means impermanence • This means having no soul • The repeated cycle of birth, death, rebirth • The demon that represents obstacles to Enlightenment • The school of Buddhism where only monks can be Enlightened • The gaining of true knowledge that Buddhists strive to achieve
The Declaration of Independence 2022-03-29
Across
- Era of using thinking and knowledge
- Man who proposed independence
- Month when the Declaration was passed
- Country the colonies declared independence from
Down
- City where Declaration was written
- Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
- Enlightenment thinker from France
- Man who wrote the Declaration
- Rulers in Europe with absolute power
9 Clues: Man who wrote the Declaration • Man who proposed independence • Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine • Enlightenment thinker from France • City where Declaration was written • Era of using thinking and knowledge • Rulers in Europe with absolute power • Month when the Declaration was passed • Country the colonies declared independence from
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • farming • balance • leading • dropped • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • one after another • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
China/India Name____________ 2016-03-11
18 Clues: stop • path • to get • dropped • balance • farming • leading • began in • new ideas • started, agreed • right and wrong • one after another • from birth, genes • behavior, actions • rebirth after death • to persuade, change • awareness, knowledge • pieces of wood, wood fiber
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Review 2024-03-06
Across
- English Mathematician who discovered the force of gravity.
- The belief that knowledge is gained by thinking things through.
- Unwritten agreement between people and their government that gives rights and duties to each.
- Most famous enlightenment thinker who wrote about religion and the need for tolerance of different faiths.
- English Philosopher who developed the use of inductive reasoning
- French Philosopher who told people to question everything.
- believed that people have the ability to control their own lives and that they have natural rights.
Down
- Female enlightenment thinker who published the first major work of feminism literature
- Polish Astronomer who concluded that the sun is the center of universe - Heliocentric theory
- did not like the concept of Monarchy and thought power should be separated into 3 branches.
- parties hosted by wealthy women to share enlightenment ideas.
11 Clues: English Mathematician who discovered the force of gravity. • French Philosopher who told people to question everything. • parties hosted by wealthy women to share enlightenment ideas. • The belief that knowledge is gained by thinking things through. • English Philosopher who developed the use of inductive reasoning • ...
jimmy li 2020-10-21
Across
- Europeans that are born on the Iberian Peninsula.
- The leading member of the Committee of Public Safety.
- Was a feudal labor system used by the Peninsulares to manage food and crop production.
- An Enlightenment philosopher who was part of the Enlightenment ideas, but did not have power over the government.
- A Creole aristocrat, intellectual, and military officer who got help from Haiti and abolished slavery.
- People who changed the government system.
- Led the Haitian army against Napoleon’s French army after Toussaint's death.
- Was a machine used to execute people.
- Was a French colony filled with enslaved people back then.
- To have the gathering of the people. Was a powerful idea in the 1800s.
Down
- A Creole priest that created an army that fought against both Peninsulares & Creoles and started the Mexican Revolution of 1810.
- Peninsular son of the King of Portugal and became the first Emperor of Brazil and continued slavery in Brazil.
- Had a very big role in the Latin American independence movement.
- Children of Peninsular parents and have fewer privileges and power than Peninsulares.
- Philosophers questioning the ways at how governments should work.
- General of an Army during the French Revolution. Decided to crown himself Emperor.
- A City in Europe where many important meetings are named after where they took place.
- A French King who didn't take good care of his people and spent a lot of money on wars, lavish palaces, and parties.
- Name for a merchant, trading, imports, exports, or economics.
- A system ruled by under one form of power like kings and queens.
- Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution.
21 Clues: Was a machine used to execute people. • People who changed the government system. • Europeans that are born on the Iberian Peninsula. • The leading member of the Committee of Public Safety. • Was a French colony filled with enslaved people back then. • Name for a merchant, trading, imports, exports, or economics. • ...
HN US History Units 1-3 Crossword 2025-05-28
Across
- Colony founded by William Penn
- Enlightenment thinker known for natural rights and social contract
- Land acquisition under Jefferson that doubled the size of the US
- Colony established by the Pilgrims
- Ship that carried the Pilgrims to Plymouth
- Compromise of 1820 regarding the expansion of slavery
- Native American woman who played a role in early Jamestown history
- Fifth U.S. President, associated with the "Era of Good Feelings"
- First representative assembly in the American colonies
- Religious group known for their pacifism
- Conflict that led to British dominance in North America
- Southern colony known for tobacco
- Brutal sea journey for enslaved Africans
- Petition to King George III for reconciliation
- "The Lost Colony"
- Uprising highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
- Period of religious revival in the American colonies
Down
- Religious group seeking to purify the Church of England, settled Massachusetts Bay
- Controversial treaty with Britain negotiated under Washington
- SENSE Influential pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for independence
- Battle that convinced France to ally with the Americans
- Site of the Continental Army's harsh winter encampment
- Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia
- Enlightenment thinker who advocated for separation of powers
- Punitive measures passed by Britain after the Boston Tea Party
- Enlightenment philosopher, concept of "We the People"
- American diplomat who secured the Treaty of Alliance with France
- English gentry who settled in Virginia
- Native American who aided the Pilgrims
- Agricultural products grown for sale rather than for personal consumption
- First permanent English settlement in North America
- Mayflower ______, an early agreement for self-government
32 Clues: "The Lost Colony" • Colony founded by William Penn • Southern colony known for tobacco • Colony established by the Pilgrims • English gentry who settled in Virginia • Native American who aided the Pilgrims • Religious group known for their pacifism • Brutal sea journey for enslaved Africans • Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia • ...
3rd Nine Weeks Review 2026-02-24
Across
- Period of revolutionary violence meant to eliminate enemies and secure power
- Philosopher who argued for natural rights: life, liberty, and property
- Document mainly written by Thomas Jefferson explaining why the colonies broke from Britain
- Enlightenment idea: using science and logic instead of tradition and authority
- Enlightenment thinker known for supporting religious tolerance and free speech
- Disease that killed up to 90% of Indigenous populations after first contact
- Leader of the Haitian Revolution who helped lead a successful enslaved rebellion
- Shorthand for the main motivations for European exploration: God, Glory, and Gold
- Another name for the Enlightenment
- Invention that spread ideas quickly and increased literacy
- Religious movement begun by Martin Luther protesting indulgences
- Meeting that aimed to restore balance of power and stability in Europe after Napoleon
Down
- Cultural rebirth inspired by Greek and Roman learning
- First ten amendments added to protect individual liberties
- Scientist who developed laws of motion and universal gravitation
- “The Liberator” who led multiple South American independence movements
- Philosopher who argued a strong government is needed to prevent chaos
- Theory that the Sun is the center of the universe
- Theory that Earth is the center of the universe
- Italian explorer sailing for Spain who reached the Caribbean/Bahamas
- Unfair social structure dividing France into three groups before the revolution
- Napoleon’s lasting legal achievement
- Government concept dividing power into branches to prevent abuse
- Foundational U.S. plan that sets up the structure of the national government
- French leader whose lasting achievement was a uniform system of laws
25 Clues: Another name for the Enlightenment • Napoleon’s lasting legal achievement • Theory that Earth is the center of the universe • Theory that the Sun is the center of the universe • Cultural rebirth inspired by Greek and Roman learning • First ten amendments added to protect individual liberties • Invention that spread ideas quickly and increased literacy • ...
AP Euro Unit 4 CrossWord Puzzle 2021-05-01
Across
- A movement of the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
- A book that was used to change the way of general thinking, that contained the rapidly expanding whole of human knowledge and teach people how to think critically and objectively about all matters.
- The idea that the sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe.
- A book written by Beccaria, a nobleman who wrote about his passionate plea fro reform of the penal system that decried the use of torture, arbitrary imprisonment, and capital punishment, and advocacy for the prevention of crime over the reliance on punishment.
- An early modern term for the study of the nature of the universe, its purpose and how it functioned; it encompassed what we would call “science” today.
- A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans in the Age of Enlightenment.
- The greatest German Philosopher of his day.
- Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity; common among Enlightenment thinkers.
- An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment, where the public came together to discuss important issues relating to society, economics, and politics.
- A German philosopher and mathematician, who developed calculus independently of Isaac Newton.
- The pen name of writer and philosopher Francois Marie Arouet.
- A war for Maria Theresa’s land, sought out by greedy powers.
- A female monarch of Austria.
- Newton’s law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the objects’ quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- An argument that forms of government were shaped by history and geography.
- A Scholar who argued that social interaction produced feelings of mutual sympathy that led people to behave in ethical ways, despite inherent tendencies toward self-interest.
- A revolution based on the understanding of the universe and scientific ideas/technology. This also refers to the significant milestones reached during the creation of modern science.
- The son of a poor Swiss watchmaker, who was a philosopher and writer.
- Aristotle believed that the Earth was at the center of the universe and that it is a sublunar planet with 4 imperfect elements.
- The Jewish Enlightenment of the second half of the 18th century, led by the Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
- A popular style in Europe in the 18th century, known for its soft pastels, ornate interiors, sentimental portraits, and starry-eyed lovers protected by hovering cupids.
Down
- A coup by Catherine, granting her the land/territory of Poland.
- Term coined by historians to describe the rule of the 18th century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, adopted Enlightenment ideals of rationalism, progress, and tolerance.
- A regular social gathering held by talented and rich Parisians in their homes, where philosophers and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.
- A territory including parts of modern day Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus, in which most Jews were required to live.
- A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans in the Age of Enlightenment.
- The son of Maria Theresa who was very radical minded.
- An international group of scholars and writers.
- A secular, critical way of thinking in which nothing was to be accepted on faith, and everything was to be submitted to reason.
- The general theory of inductive reasoning.
- A Dutch Jewish philosopher who was a key figure in the transition from the Scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment.
- A law formulated by Galileo that states that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object, and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force.
- A central figure in Edinburgh, whose emphasis on civic morality and religious skepticism had a powerful impact at home and abroad.
- The war to conquer Prussia and to divide its territory.
- An ancient Greek Physician, who created the idea that the human body has 4 humors.
- A rebellion of serfs asking for the abolishment of taxes, military service, and serfdom.
- An experimentalist, as well as a Flemish Physician who studied anatomy.
- An influential advocate for improved scientific methods based on experimentation and mathematical reasoning.
38 Clues: A female monarch of Austria. • The general theory of inductive reasoning. • The greatest German Philosopher of his day. • An international group of scholars and writers. • The son of Maria Theresa who was very radical minded. • The war to conquer Prussia and to divide its territory. • A war for Maria Theresa’s land, sought out by greedy powers. • ...
ANC - Key Terms 2024-07-03
Across
- Zoroastain holy texts.
- A period in history that followed the Stone Age and preceded the Iron Age.
- Flood gates.
- A nickname of Mesopotamia, because the rivers make a bit of a moon shape and the land between the rivers is especially good for agriculture.
- A jewish religious teacher.
- Sacred symbols used in Egypt to represent sound and words.
- The World's oldest living religion; founded in India
- The monotheistic religion of the ancient Hebrews, founded by Abraham.
- A Buddhist concept that encourages believers to identify the cause of suffering so it can be overcome and the believer can work towards the enlightenment.
Down
- A universal truth, sought after by the Buddhist.
- Influential Kush leaders who were sisters of the kush of king and mothers of the future king.
- An agreement or contract that the Hebrew believe exists between their ethnic group and God.
- The spreading out of culture, cultural traits, or a cultural pattern from central point.
- An individual's past actions that determines their status when they are reborn.
- A belief that dead spirits have the ability to affect the lives of the living; form of religion developed during the Shang Dynasty of the Yellow River civilization.
- A religion of India that focuses on reaching enlightenment, founded by Sidharta Gautama.
- An engraved tube containing Persia laws and human rights.
- The Belief that humans make their own decisions.
- The wedge-shaped characters used in the writing of ancient Sumer.
- A society with Urban areas, structured government, advanced technology, for food surplus, specialized labor, and artistic endeavors.
20 Clues: Flood gates. • Zoroastain holy texts. • A jewish religious teacher. • A universal truth, sought after by the Buddhist. • The Belief that humans make their own decisions. • The World's oldest living religion; founded in India • An engraved tube containing Persia laws and human rights. • Sacred symbols used in Egypt to represent sound and words. • ...
Unit 5: Age of Revolutions 2025-03-18
Across
- Social class of people of Spanish descent born in the Americas.
- The astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe.
- French Enlightenment writer known for his advocacy of freedom of speech.
- Social gatherings in France where intellectuals discussed Enlightenment ideas.
- The scientist who used a telescope to provide evidence for heliocentrism
- South American revolutionary leader, known as "The Liberator."
- The meeting where European powers redrew the map of Europe after Napoleon
- A problem for both Peter the Great and Louis XIV.
- Group led by Robespierre of more radical revolutionaries
- The Sun King
- The French Revolution began here.
- political theory advocating unlimited, centralized authority.
- Period emphasizing reason and individualism, also known as the Enlightenment.
- Priest who initiated the Mexican War of Independence.
- Author of "The Social Contract," emphasizing popular sovereignty.
- Literary device used by Voltaire to criticize society and authority.
Down
- Radical leader during the Reign of Terror.
- He primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence.
- This revolution produced the English Bill of Rights.
- Caused Great Britain to tax the colonies
- Life, liberty, and property
- A popular reform under Napoleon was national _____.
- Napoleon's final defeat, ending his reign.
- The foundational law of the United States, establishing its government.
- In the __________ revolution, a bad harvest and harsh winter left people starving.
- French colony that became Haiti after a successful slave revolt
- The act that taxed printed materials in the colonies.
- The Russian ruler who aggressively modernized his nation.
- Execution method used on Marie Antoinette
29 Clues: The Sun King • Life, liberty, and property • The French Revolution began here. • Caused Great Britain to tax the colonies • Execution method used on Marie Antoinette • Radical leader during the Reign of Terror. • Napoleon's final defeat, ending his reign. • A problem for both Peter the Great and Louis XIV. • He primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence. • ...
Sts 2022-10-18
30 Clues: Psy • bent • boat • base • Metal • sigma • people • island • father • system • largest • Country • plateau • to know • derived • language • 12months • currency • peninsula • Scientist • Scientist • bone tools • suspension • guidelines • civilization • water system • ENLIGHTENMENT • Body of knowledge • massive continent • Aztec civilization
World History 2023-09-28
Across
- rebirth
- paper material
- migration of Jews
- religious law
- deep understanding
- Tombs
- Jewish houses
- righteous conduct
- wearing a simple robe
Down
- four major social groups
- written records
- group
- forced to leave their homeland
- agreement
- church retreat
- system rigid social hierarchy
- strict
- migrate
- European language
- actions determine your afterlife
20 Clues: group • Tombs • strict • rebirth • migrate • agreement • religious law • Jewish houses • church retreat • paper material • written records • migration of Jews • European language • righteous conduct • deep understanding • wearing a simple robe • four major social groups • system rigid social hierarchy • forced to leave their homeland • actions determine your afterlife
Enlightenment 2022-03-17
Across
- an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits
- a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.
- an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with global influences and effects.
- a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s.
Down
- a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
- supreme power or authority
- a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct.
7 Clues: supreme power or authority • a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline. • a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct. • a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. • ...
Enlightenment 2023-01-06
7 Clues: demonstrated how to educate a child • Genevan philosopher, Social Contract • French writer, criticized christianity • British writer, women's rights advocate • French philosopher, separation of powers • English philosopher, "Father of Liberalism" • member of the Real Whigs, wrote eight books
Enlightenment 2023-09-28
7 Clues: free ______ • The Social ______ • thought that people were good • François-Marie Arouet went by • thought that people were naturally bad • What was Mary Wollstonecraft the first of • how many volumes of the first encyclopedia
Enlightenment 2025-11-04
Across
- 18th-century intellectual movement
- an 18th-century philosopher who believed in the natural rights
- a woman who would breast feed other person's children
Down
- Caning, beating, and whipping were corporal punishments for children. Children were hit by wood or brass rulers if were misbehaving in school
- Frenchrenphilosopherher who was the infuencer to the US consitiution
- A form of government where power is shared by the people.
- Wrote Levithan
7 Clues: Wrote Levithan • 18th-century intellectual movement • a woman who would breast feed other person's children • A form of government where power is shared by the people. • an 18th-century philosopher who believed in the natural rights • Frenchrenphilosopherher who was the infuencer to the US consitiution • ...
social vocab 2013-11-10
Across
- was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher
- is the suppression of speech or other public communication
- An agreement among the members of an organized society
- A law or body of laws that derives from nature
- a regular social gathering of eminent people
- an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy
- was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790
- was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th-century. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought.
- were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment
- empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire
- is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama
- A philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions
- developed as a reaction against the grandeur, symmetry and strict regulations of the Baroque
- English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience
Down
- was an American statesman and political theorist
- is a form of absolute monarchy
- emphasis on the connection between liberty and the details of the criminal law were
- person engaged or learned in philosophy, esp. as an academic discipline.
- U.S. statesman, diplomat, architect, and author
- an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from government restrictions
- king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
- was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy
22 Clues: is a form of absolute monarchy • king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 • was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 • a regular social gathering of eminent people • A law or body of laws that derives from nature • U.S. statesman, diplomat, architect, and author • was an American statesman and political theorist • An agreement among the members of an organized society • ...
Chapter 18 cross word puzzle 2021-12-18
Across
- term sometimes used to describe the increase of global contacts from the 16th century
- astronomer and math mathematician who was a prominent figure in the scientific revolution
- English scientist drew together astronomical and physical observations and wider theories into neat frame work of natural laws
- focus on human kind
- concept of god current during the scientific revolution
- a new religious order founded during the catholic reformation
- cultural and intellectual movement of Northern Europe
- type of monarchy where the concept of government developed during rise of nation states in Western Europe during 17th century
- established liberal economics wealth of nations 1776
- polish munk and astronomer
- type of persecution reflected resentment against the poor
- published Copernicus’s findings
Down
- a French enlightenment figure best known for his work on the first encyclopedia
- type of monarchy originated in holland and England in the 17th century
- English philosopher who argued people could learn everything through senses and reason
- enlightenment feminist thinker in England
- general wave of religious dissent against Catholic Church
- class of working people without access to producing property
- the spread of deep interest in acquiring material goods and services below elite levels
- intellectual movement centered in France during the 18th century
- ended 30 years war 1648
- established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom
- English over throw of James the second in 1688
- English physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals
- what reformation was a restatement of traditional beliefs of Catholics in response to Protestant reformation
25 Clues: focus on human kind • ended 30 years war 1648 • polish munk and astronomer • published Copernicus’s findings • enlightenment feminist thinker in England • English over throw of James the second in 1688 • established liberal economics wealth of nations 1776 • cultural and intellectual movement of Northern Europe • concept of god current during the scientific revolution • ...
French Revolution 2024-01-11
Across
- The person at the top of the monarchy or feudalism system.
- People who worked for lord in exchange of protection in the Feudal system. Made up the lowest level in a monarchy.
- The fate of many Emigres and Federalists in the Reign of Terror.
- The Napoleonic code was made to abolish this type of government where peasants work on a lord’s land.
- Person who stopped Royalists from gaining power in Paris during the counter revolutions.
- Something that was present in both a monarchy and feudalism government.
- Peasants working under a lord were ___ to go from their lord after the creation of the Napoleonic Code.
- Something the Third Estate doesn't have but the First Estate does.
- Another word to refer to the Third Estate; meaning often found.
- Enlightenment Ideas caused peasants to question _______ officials.
- Enlightenment thinkers believed that all humans deserve equal ____.
- A cause of France going into debt
Down
- Third Estate didn’t have a ____ in society. Rich people had it.
- Forced on the peasants, rich were exempt.
- The Enlightenment thinkers ____d people to believe in scientific reasoning.
- Government control of prices which was a result of counter revolutions.
- The Napoleonic Code was made to ______ and unify France.
- People affected in the Reign of Terror
- When France owed money from the war, they went in to ___.
- Part of what made up the Third Estate.
- Makes up the Second Estate
- Makes up the First Estate
- As a result of the Reign of Terror, violent reactions like the “_____” risings broke out.
- A class that counters revolutionized against France.
24 Clues: Makes up the First Estate • Makes up the Second Estate • A cause of France going into debt • People affected in the Reign of Terror • Part of what made up the Third Estate. • Forced on the peasants, rich were exempt. • A class that counters revolutionized against France. • The Napoleonic Code was made to ______ and unify France. • ...
Unit 9 2024-01-30
Across
- 1) the role of the social contract (2) the parties (3) agreement (4) the object of agreement (5) what the agreement is supposed to show
- a Swiss philosopher whose work both praised and criticised the Enlightenment movement
- French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher
- manufacturing systems in which work-in-progress moves from station to station in a sequential fashion.
- Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa
- a French lawyer, man of letters, and one of the most influential political philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment.
- English philosopher, scientist, and historian best known for his political philosophy,
- natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion,
- when a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain.
- the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation
Down
- the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.
- the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory.
- They out there own patch on it
- English philosopher and political theorist
- English physicist and mathematician
- meet the need for production on a large scale usually with power-driven machinery
- a theory that places the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
- a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy,
- asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority
- 18th-century inventor and instrument maker
20 Clues: They out there own patch on it • English physicist and mathematician • English philosopher and political theorist • 18th-century inventor and instrument maker • a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, • French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher • asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority • ...
Unit 5 Review 2025-02-23
Across
- A leader of the Radical party in France during the Revolution, he executed rivals
- An economic system in which all resources are privately owned
- Developed the cotton Gin during the Industrial revolution.
- Considered the George Washington of South America.
- A Catholic priest who used Enlightenment ideas to call for a revolution in Mexico
- Enlightenment thinker who stated, “people are born with natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.”
- process of converting an agricultural society to one where large-scale production dominates
- This Enlightenment thinker proposed the idea of separation of powers (3 branch gov)
Down
- A political theory calling for government according to fundamental laws/principles
- Belief in a form of government-based separation of powers and representation
- Belief in a form of government-based separation of powers and representation of the people through elected officials
- Became the leader of a slave uprising and helped Haiti gain its freedom.
- Wealthy landowners or nobles that often supported traditional monarchies
- English Missionary whose writings brought new interest on Africa’s Natural Resources
- d’etat A sudden violent overthrow of government
- A period in which India came under direct control of the British crown
- Created a cheap and efficient way to turn iron ore into high quality steel.
- A policy in which a state takes political or economic control of areas beyond its borders.
- A French general who staged a Coup d’ Etat after the French revolution.
- Revolution A seizure of government by people intent on replacing the existing political system
20 Clues: d’etat A sudden violent overthrow of government • Considered the George Washington of South America. • Developed the cotton Gin during the Industrial revolution. • An economic system in which all resources are privately owned • A period in which India came under direct control of the British crown • ...
Stem Close Up # 6 - ob 2022-11-30
21 Clues: fittig • to beg • evasive • evident • to bind • stubborn • forgetful • egg shaped • to blot out • a sacrifice • antagonistic • an adversary • to tyrannize • indispensable • very offensive • notice of death • not longer in use • slow to understand • concealed or esoteric • flattened at the poles • one opposed to enlightenment
Vocabulary Menu Board 2020-09-04
12 Clues: Wisdom • Wayfinding • Theologian • Trde System • Interchange • Come around • Establishment • Commercialism • Historic colony • English soldier • American preacher • Religious society
Enlightenment 2022-05-23
Across
- Advocated for women's rights
- Spread the idea of separation of Church and State
- Believed in separation of powers and three branches of government
- Came up with the Social Contract Theory
- Advocated for people's rights to life, liberty, and property
Down
- Monarchs who accepted enlightenment ideas
- Movement that rejected traditional values and emphasized human reason
7 Clues: Advocated for women's rights • Came up with the Social Contract Theory • Monarchs who accepted enlightenment ideas • Spread the idea of separation of Church and State • Advocated for people's rights to life, liberty, and property • Believed in separation of powers and three branches of government • ...
Enlightenment 2021-09-12
Across
- If a government failed to protect their rights, the people could revolt. __________ of the governed
- Period when people made new ideas about government
- Rights people are born with and include life, liberty, and property; _________ rights
Down
- People would gather in these to discuss philosophy
- Idea that a country's leader should be chosen in an election
- Citizens give up some freedom in exchange for the government to protect their rights; social __________
- No rules and complete freedom; _______ of nature
7 Clues: No rules and complete freedom; _______ of nature • People would gather in these to discuss philosophy • Period when people made new ideas about government • Idea that a country's leader should be chosen in an election • Rights people are born with and include life, liberty, and property; _________ rights • ...
Enlightenment 2023-11-14
french revolution 2021-05-07
Across
- his book was the Social Contract
- in that time god was not that valuable
- the .......... of the 13 colonies
- enlightenment thinker
- He got fired and people got mad
Down
- is an economic system
- people were exgtremly hungry in that time of the year
- they had very strong opinions
- opinions began to be disseminated
- he think power should be divided in The three branches of public power
10 Clues: is an economic system • enlightenment thinker • they had very strong opinions • He got fired and people got mad • his book was the Social Contract • opinions began to be disseminated • the .......... of the 13 colonies • in that time god was not that valuable • people were exgtremly hungry in that time of the year • ...
The Age of Enlightenment (or Age of Reason) 18th century 2025-12-28
Across
- Author of Persian Letters critiquing society
- Intellectual movement stressing reason and reform
- French encyclopedia project spreading new ideas
- 1721 satire comparing Europe and “the East”
- Economist who argued for free trade and markets
Down
- Thinker who promoted “natural” education and society
- Main editor of the Encyclopédie
- Smith’s 1776 book on modern economics
- Satirical writer and leading Enlightenment voice
- Rousseau’s 1762 novel about upbringing and learning
10 Clues: Main editor of the Encyclopédie • Smith’s 1776 book on modern economics • 1721 satire comparing Europe and “the East” • Author of Persian Letters critiquing society • French encyclopedia project spreading new ideas • Economist who argued for free trade and markets • Satirical writer and leading Enlightenment voice • Intellectual movement stressing reason and reform • ...
Unit 5 South Asia Day 2 2025-12-09
Across
- a state of perfect wisdom, free of suffering (Buddhism)
- a being who has gained enlightenment (Buddhism)
- person who tries to achieve spiritual purity through self-denial
- religious community
- relating to the whole universe
Down
- unreal or misleading
- to calm or clear the mind
- a state of blissful peace without desire or suffering (Buddhism)
- someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion
- result
10 Clues: result • religious community • unreal or misleading • to calm or clear the mind • relating to the whole universe • a being who has gained enlightenment (Buddhism) • a state of perfect wisdom, free of suffering (Buddhism) • someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion • a state of blissful peace without desire or suffering (Buddhism) • ...
Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment 2021-11-12
Across
- Promoted criminal justice
- Promoted the rights of women
- Discovered the law of gravity
- Belief that universe revolved around earth
- "New Classical" artistic style of 1700's
- Belief that universe revolves around sun
- Believed in Separation of Powers
- Intellectual Movement of reason & thought
Down
- Logical procedure gather & test ideas
- Grand, ornate design of 1600's
- Believed people are evil & need absolute monarchy
- Believed in right of life, liberty, & Property
- Rich women hosted discussions of philosophers
- Russian Monarch admired by philosophers
- Believed in individual freedom "Social Contract"
- Believed in separation of church/state
- Wrote "Starry Messenger"
17 Clues: Wrote "Starry Messenger" • Promoted criminal justice • Promoted the rights of women • Discovered the law of gravity • Grand, ornate design of 1600's • Believed in Separation of Powers • Logical procedure gather & test ideas • Believed in separation of church/state • Russian Monarch admired by philosophers • "New Classical" artistic style of 1700's • ...
Enlightenment and Revolution 2022-10-29
Across
- philosopher who wrote about government
- social gathering for discussing ideas or enjoying art
- author of the Declaration of Independence
- social critics in France
- system of government in which power is divided between the national and state government
- document declaring American independence from Britain
- first ten amendments to the US Constitution
- theory that the sun is at the center of the universe
- new way of thinking about world based on observation
- age of reason
- ruler who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power
Down
- system in which each branch of government checks, or limits, the power of the other two branches
- grand, ornate style
- theory that the earth is the center of the universe
- an agreement people make with government
- logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas
- discovered laws of motion and gravity
17 Clues: age of reason • grand, ornate style • social critics in France • discovered laws of motion and gravity • philosopher who wrote about government • an agreement people make with government • author of the Declaration of Independence • first ten amendments to the US Constitution • logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas • ...
English literature of the Enlightenment 2025-03-11
Across
- Lexicographer, compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language.
- Author of Pamela, innovator in the genre of the epistolary novel.
- An 18th-century movement associated with science, rationalism, and progress.
- A popular style of drama from the Enlightenment that depicted social mores and vices.
- Author of Gulliver's Travels, who wrote satire on the society of the time.
Down
- Playwright, author of The Way of the World, known for his comedies of manners.
- A philosophical concept of the Enlightenment that holds that reason is the primary source of knowledge.
- An 18th-century literary genre that ridicules the vices of society through exaggeration and ridicule.
- Poet, satirist, author of The Rape of the Lock, master of heroic-comic poetry.
- Author of The Seasons, a work celebrating nature.
- Author Robinson Crusoe, one of the first English novelists.
11 Clues: Author of The Seasons, a work celebrating nature. • Author Robinson Crusoe, one of the first English novelists. • Lexicographer, compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language. • Author of Pamela, innovator in the genre of the epistolary novel. • Author of Gulliver's Travels, who wrote satire on the society of the time. • ...
Unit 5.1 Crossword 2022-01-30
Across
- Develops the scientific method of experiment and observe
- A movement that applies reason and observation to social, political and economic problems
- develops laws of economics and The Invisible Hand
- This type of monarchy was put in place at the end of the English Civil War, rather than an absolute one
- this type of ruler wants absolute power but also wants to incorporate parts of the enlightenment into their rule.
- This is who gives a ruler authority under the Divine Right of Kings
- An agreement between the government and the people.
Down
- Birth and rapid progress of science in the 16th and 17th Century
- This philosopher adds the notion of natural rights to the social contract
- Discovers that the entire universe is governed by the same laws of physics
- Enlightenment philosopher that said people give up rights to a government for protection
11 Clues: develops laws of economics and The Invisible Hand • An agreement between the government and the people. • Develops the scientific method of experiment and observe • Birth and rapid progress of science in the 16th and 17th Century • This is who gives a ruler authority under the Divine Right of Kings • ...
History Crossword Puzzle 2014-02-23
Across
- intellectuals of the enlightenment
- child prodigy composed three of the most important operas in the world
- system for naming something that lavisher created
- merchants, bankers and professionals of the third estate
- failed in establishing enlightenment ideas
- agreed to be governed by our general will
- i think therefore i am
- enlighetment id based on this
- composer of messiah
- first european to make regular observations on the telescope
- fought against religious intolerance
- eliptical orbits
- french parliament under louis the XVI
- "without breeches" members of the paris commune
- name of theory when robert boyle worked with gases
- blank mind
Down
- invention that helped spread scientific revolution and enlightement ideas
- creator of the scientific method
- dissenting groups
- aussian king
- sudden overthrow of a government
- discovered a comet
- "let do"
- wrote the social contract
- proved that the heart is the beginning point of circulation
- austrian empress
- created the encyclopedia
- religious belief based on natural law and reason
- the third estate
- ruled russia
- upper legislative house under the constitution
- minister of justice for the paris commune
- individuals qualified to vote
- first to publish a sun centered conception of the universe
- reinforced the theory of "earth as a machine"
- belief that the universe is a series of concentric spheres with earth at the center
- elegant rooms where enlightenment ideas where easily spread
- composer of mass in b minor
- delicate art style which is based on charm grace and gentle action
39 Clues: "let do" • blank mind • aussian king • ruled russia • austrian empress • the third estate • eliptical orbits • dissenting groups • discovered a comet • composer of messiah • i think therefore i am • created the encyclopedia • wrote the social contract • composer of mass in b minor • enlighetment id based on this • individuals qualified to vote • creator of the scientific method • ...
Semester Review 2014-12-08
Across
- probably the best example of a Gothic
- means “to teach”
- symbol with only one meaning
- same words, same idea
- addressing an inanimate object
- same idea, different words
- romantic novel about the truth of the human heart
- probably the best example of an “enlightened” Puritan
- genre that emphasized the limitations and destructiveness of humanity
- latin phrase meaning “seize the day”
- genre that emphasized the supernatural, nature, and the imagination
- shared soul between God, mankind, and nature
- appeal that addresses reason
- belief that God created the world, but does not interact with it
- revival of Puritanism during the Enlightenment
- short, clever statement that expresses a truth about life
- genre that emphasized public, political literature
- the art of public speaking
Down
- poem with an elaborate and unusual metaphor
- probably the best example of a Romantic
- probably the best example of an Enlightenment philosopher
- poetic movement associated with the Romantic genre
- author of “Success is Counted Sweetest”
- author of the “Chambered Nautilus”
- genre that emphasized private, soul-searching literature
- crucible contemporary drama about the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism
- letter written to a large audience
- probably the best example of a Deist
- repetition in sentence structure
- genre that emphasized dignity of manual labor and carpe diem
- belief in predestination
- part of the Red Scare during the 1950s
- appealthat addresses feelings
- genre that emphasized the medieval, horror, and supernatural
- probably the best example of a Transcendentalist
- appeal that addresses fairness
- probably the best example of a Puritan poet
37 Clues: means “to teach” • same words, same idea • belief in predestination • same idea, different words • the art of public speaking • symbol with only one meaning • appeal that addresses reason • appealthat addresses feelings • addressing an inanimate object • appeal that addresses fairness • repetition in sentence structure • author of the “Chambered Nautilus” • ...
Hinduism and Buddhism 2017-08-21
Across
- A gladdening of the mind and body.
- The physical and mental energy needed for diligent mindfulness practice
- The teachings of the Buddha
- A principle that defines a certain standard of ethical conduct
- Path of the Elders;
- In the context of metta (lovingkindness) practice, someone for whom you feel no particular liking or disliking
- A spiritual path that avoids extremes of self-mortification and self-indulgence
- The kind of doubt that undermines faith
- Appreciative or empathetic joy;
- awakening
- Careful attention to mental and physical processes;
- The tendency of the mind to cling to concepts at the expense of reality
- Faith, confidence
Down
- Wisdom-heart or the awakened heart/mind; the aspiration for supreme enlightenment
- Defilement; unwholesome qualities
- Action based on kindness, respect, truthfulness, timeliness and wisdom
- spiritual friend
- To see clearly
- The tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, India
- The auspicious power of wholesome action that brings positive karmic results
- Interest and inquiry into experience.
- Mindfulness of breathing
- A term referring to the group of meditation practices that aim at samadhi
- A technique used in meditation to help direct the mind to the object of meditation
- Compassion; one of the four Brahma-Viharas
- Fully awakened one
- Extinction of the fires of attachment, hatred and delusion that cause suffering
- The six perceptual gates through which we experience the world.
- The pattern of conditioned habits that we mistake for a sense of self
- The practice of giving; generosity.
30 Clues: awakening • To see clearly • spiritual friend • Faith, confidence • Fully awakened one • Path of the Elders; • Mindfulness of breathing • The teachings of the Buddha • Appreciative or empathetic joy; • Defilement; unwholesome qualities • A gladdening of the mind and body. • The practice of giving; generosity. • Interest and inquiry into experience. • ...
Kasaysayan ng Daigdig 2023-04-19
Across
- Tinawag din itong Panahon ng Kaliwanagan
- isang pilosopikong paninindigan na nagbibigay diin sa indibidwal at panlipunang potensyal at ahensya ng tao
- siya ang sumuporta sa Teorya ni Copernicus at Kepler
- pagbabago sa aspetong agrikultura at industriya
- pinamunuhan ni Vasco da Gama sa paglilibot dito
- isang adbenturerong napadpad sa bansang Pilipinas noong 1521
- Kontinenteng may pinakamalaking suplay ng ginto at diyamante.
- siya ang pinadala ni Reyna Isabella at Haring Ferdinand na naglakbay sa Silangan
- Kasunduan sa pagitan ng mga tao at kanilang pinuno; nagpapahiwatig din ito ng mga papel na dapat nilang gampanan (ASLOCI TCROANTC)
- Kontinente kung saan matatagpuan ang spice island
- Nagpasimuno ng kilusang repormasyon
- naimbento upang makatulong sa paganahin nang mas mabilis ang mga barko at ibang sasakyan
Down
- isang doktrinang nagnanais mapalawig ang pambansang kaunlaran sa pamamagitan ng pakalap ng ginto at pilak
- anak ng hari ng portugal na nagtaguyod ng mga paglalayag
- ang muling pagsilang o pagkamulat ng mga makalumang sining,panitikan at scentia
- Malaki ang naitulong nito sa pagpapakalat ng mga ideya ng enlightenment
- paghahati ng lupain na maaring tuklasin ng Portugal at Spain
- tuwirang pananakop ng isang bansa sa iba pa upang mapagsamantalahan ang yaman nito
- Isa sa mga motibo at naging impluwensiya ng kolonyalismo sa mga kolonya.
- Kalipunan ng mga akdang naglalaman ng mga kaisipan ng Enlightenment. Pinanatnugutan ni Denis Diderot
- ambag ni Johannes Kepler sa Rebolusyong Siyentipiko
- instrumentong nagbibigay ng tamang direksyon
- Tinaguriang ama ng Humanismo
- inilarawan nya na ang lipunan ay walang direksyon kung walang pinuno
- Salitang Pranses na nangangahulugang "gitnang uri"
25 Clues: Tinaguriang ama ng Humanismo • Nagpasimuno ng kilusang repormasyon • Tinawag din itong Panahon ng Kaliwanagan • instrumentong nagbibigay ng tamang direksyon • pagbabago sa aspetong agrikultura at industriya • pinamunuhan ni Vasco da Gama sa paglilibot dito • Kontinente kung saan matatagpuan ang spice island • Salitang Pranses na nangangahulugang "gitnang uri" • ...
Unit 9 Terms 2025-01-24
Across
- Hobbes, English philosopher, scientist, and historian who is considered a founder of modern political philosophy
- Watt, Scottish engineer, chemist, and inventor who significantly improved the steam engine
- of Influence, the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory.
- Theory, a theory that places the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
- the process of making an area more urban
- Line, a manufacturing process where the unfinished product moves in a direct line from workstation to workstation
- Swiss philosopher, writer, and composer
- Right, the right that is given to a King or Queen by God to rule a country
- Conference, Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa
- "father of observational astronomy" and "father of modern science
- Newton, key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed
Down
- the principal source of the theory of separation of powers
- a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled by machine
- Class, the economic stratum between the working class and the wealthy.
- a policy of extending a country's power and influence through military
- a person who organizes and operates a business
- French philosopher and author and a major figure of the Enlightenment
- Contract, when a group of people agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights.
- Method, the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation
- Locke, English philosopher, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers
20 Clues: Swiss philosopher, writer, and composer • the process of making an area more urban • a person who organizes and operates a business • the principal source of the theory of separation of powers • "father of observational astronomy" and "father of modern science • French philosopher and author and a major figure of the Enlightenment • ...
Unit 9 Terms 2024-01-30
Across
- Separation of powers
- French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, satirist, and historian
- A new idea that would help people work faster and get more work done. People only have one job and pass the item on to the next person.
- The right that is supposedly given to a king or queen by God to rule a country
- People who aren't rich, but aren't poor either
- a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
- Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa
- work on the natural rights of man, the social contract, and the acquisition of knowledge
- City growing up
Down
- Strived the economy and made a lot of people a lot of money
- Natural laws
- a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
- intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment
- When a group of people agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights
- Genevan born political and moral philosopher of the Enlightenment Era. Known for his work on the social contract
- a theory that places the Sun at the center of the Solar System
- Made the steam engine
- When a country's economy is ran by private companies versus the government controlling everything.
- The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century
- A person who starts their own business in hopes to make a living
20 Clues: Natural laws • City growing up • Separation of powers • Made the steam engine • People who aren't rich, but aren't poor either • intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment • Strived the economy and made a lot of people a lot of money • a theory that places the Sun at the center of the Solar System • ...
History Review 2025-03-26
Across
- Which Enlightenment thinker believed in the separation of church and state?
- Who was the Leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
- Which Enlightenment thinker believed that humans are naturally good but corrupted by society?
- What was the name of the battle that ended Napoleon's Hundred Days reign?
- There is a revolution in the country and the people overthrow the government. Which government would be in place after?
- True or false there were a total of 6 Coalitions against Napoleon.
- Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
- The National Assembly was organized by which group?
- Ancient philosopher that supported the Geocentric Model.
- What did the Townshend Acts impose taxes on
Down
- What was the main reason William Pitt was able to turn the tide of the Seven Years war in favor of the British?
- The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe and all celestial bodies orbit around it.
- In a democratic government, who makes the decisions?
- Which Enlightenment thinker believed that humans act in self-interest, which can benefit society?
- What type of Place was the Bastille?
- Who believed that government should protect natural rights and can be overthrown if it fails to do so?
- What did the British capture in 1760 that ended French control in Canada?
- Which country did Napoleon treat with respect and favor in the Treaty of Tilsit?
- Which estate in French society was largely exempt from paying taxes?
- What country was always at war with France in every Coalition?
20 Clues: What type of Place was the Bastille? • What did the Townshend Acts impose taxes on • The National Assembly was organized by which group? • In a democratic government, who makes the decisions? • Who was the Leader of the Committee of Public Safety? • Ancient philosopher that supported the Geocentric Model. • ...
World History 2023-09-28
Across
- rebirth
- paper material
- migration of Jews
- religious law
- deep understanding
- Tombs
- Jewish houses
- righteous conduct
- wearing a simple robe
Down
- four major social groups
- written records
- group
- forced to leave their homeland
- agreement
- church retreat
- system rigid social hierarchy
- strict
- migrate
- European language
- actions determine your afterlife
20 Clues: group • Tombs • strict • rebirth • migrate • agreement • religious law • Jewish houses • church retreat • paper material • written records • migration of Jews • European language • righteous conduct • deep understanding • wearing a simple robe • four major social groups • system rigid social hierarchy • forced to leave their homeland • actions determine your afterlife
FAMOUS PEOPLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 2021-12-16
Across
- English carpenter
- better steam engine
- the elder
- Irish geologist
- Scottish enlightenment
- 2nd Viscount Townshend
- Frankenstein
- abolish
- romantic painter
- plowing and seeding
Down
- flying shuttle
- motor company
- textile manufacturer
- atmospheric engine
- spinning machine
- textile workers
- Victorian era
- agitator
- "father of railways"
- cotton gin
- destitute children
- sense"
22 Clues: sense" • abolish • agitator • the elder • cotton gin • Frankenstein • motor company • Victorian era • flying shuttle • Irish geologist • textile workers • spinning machine • romantic painter • English carpenter • atmospheric engine • destitute children • better steam engine • plowing and seeding • textile manufacturer • "father of railways" • Scottish enlightenment • 2nd Viscount Townshend
