triangles Crossword Puzzles

Across

2. Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
8. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
10. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
11. Lying on the same straight line.
12. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
13. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
15. Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
16. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
18. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
20. Two lines that intersect at right angles.
22. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
23. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
27. Two angles that are adjacent and supplementary.
28. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
29. Often referred to as the right cone. A cone is a solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
32. Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
35. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
36. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
40. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
42. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
43. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
44. a true statement, which does not require to be proved.
45. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90

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1. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
3. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
4. A can-shaped solid figure.
5. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
6. A variable whose value is found by solving an equation.
7. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved,
9. A space figure with two parallel polygonal bases that are the same shape and the same size.
14. A planar surface of a solid figure.The following figure has 5 faces.
16. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
17. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
18. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
19. a pair of angles that are vertical
20. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
21. Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
24. angle An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
25. The units, the radian (for measuring a plane angle) and the steradian (for measuring a solid angle), used along with base units to define derived units.
26. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
30. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point. The two rays are called the sides of the angle and the initial point is called the vertex of the angle. The symbol for angle is .
31. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
33. wo rays with a common endpoint that form a line
34. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
36. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
37. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
38. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
39. A perfect round ball. A sphere is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
41. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
46. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely. A line has neither width nor thickness but length. It is the shortest distance between two points.

Across

2. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
4. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
7. A can-shaped solid figure.
9. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
11. Two angles that are adjacent (share a leg) and supplementary (add up to 180°)
13. Two rays with a common endpoint that point in opposite directions and form a straight line A line that is not bent or curved.
15. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
16. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely. A line has neither width nor thickness but length. It is the shortest distance between two points.
18. Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
19. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
20. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
23. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
25. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
26. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions
27. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
29. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
32. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
33. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
35. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
36. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
37. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
40. the angles opposite each other when two lines cross
41. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
42. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
43. Often referred to as the right cone. A cone is a solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
45. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
49. A statement accepted as true without proof

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1. Lying on the same straight line.
3. A perfect round ball. A sphere is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
5. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
6. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
8. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.angle The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point. The two rays are called the sides of the angle and the initial point is called the vertex of the angle.
10. Two angles that add up to 180°.
12. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
14. unknown answer
17. Two lines that intersect at right angles.
21. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
22. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
24. When at least one of the interior angles of a polygon is greater than 180°,
28. A geometric figure with no indentations.
30. Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
31. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
34. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
37. A space figure with two parallel polygonal bases that are the same shape and the same size.
38. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
39. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
44. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
46. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
47. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
48. A planar surface of a solid figure.

Across

3. A formal, hierarchical organization with many levels in which tasks, responsibilities, and authority are delegated among individuals.
7. an act Congress establishes continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement. It specifies programs goals and maximum expenditures for discretionary programs
8. a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law
11. shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government
12. a schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience
14. the constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax
15. a company that is owned by the government and operates with the same independence of a private business, except that the owner is the government.
20. agencies under the Executive branch which lie outside the jurisdiction of the cabinet departments.
23. an excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues
26. the financial resources of the federal government
27. a program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor's fees and other expenses
29. refers to environmental policy that relies on regulation (permission, prohibition, standard setting and enforcement) as opposed to financial incentives, that is, economic instruments of cost internalisation.
31. a policy document allocating burdens and benefits
32. A phrase coined by Michael Lipsky, referring to those bureaucrats, who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.
33. ways and means committee HOR committee that, along with the Senate Finance committee writes the tax codes, subject to approval by Congress
34. the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.
35. a position classification in the civil service of the United States federal government, somewhat analogous to general officer or flag officer ranks in the U.S.
36. is a government program guaranteeing access to some benefit by members of a specific group and based on established rights or by legislation
37. the process of hiring and promoting people by their ability to perform the job functions.
38. is an independent agency of the United States government that manages the civil service of the federal government.
39. when Congress cannot reach agreement and pass appropiation bills, these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year

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1. Finance Committee writes tax codes subject to the approval of Congress as a whole
2. prohibits the political activities of employees in federal, state, and local governments. The law's goal is to enforce political neutrality among civil servants .
4. an act of Congress that actually funds programs within limits established by authorization bills. Appropriations usually cover one year
5. more effective and efficient policy than command and control. market like strategies are used to manage public policy
6. law passed during the Great Depression that was intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to order Americans and thus save them from poverty
7. discretion The exercise of professional expertise and judgment, as opposed to strict adherence to regulations or statutes, in making a decision.
9. expenditures that are determined not by a fixed amount of money appropriated by Congress but by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for some particular program or by previous obligations of the government
10. the process of removing or reducing state regulations typically in the economic sphere. It is the undoing or repeal of governmental regulation of the economy.
11. belief that the best predictor of this year’s budget is last year’s budget, plus a little bit more
13. detailed written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.
16. a congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings
17. federal spending of revenues. major areas of such spending are social services and the military
18. The power of a government official or leader to make appointments and offer favors. Once in office, a politician can use patronage to build a loyal following.
19. An act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States.
21. Is the stage in the process where policies and policy measures approved during the formulation stage are further specified or adjusted as a result of recommendation made during the stage.
22. Impoundment Control Act of 1974 an act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process
24. defined by the 1974 Budget Act as “revenue losses attributable to provisions of the federal tax laws which allows a special exemption, exclusion or deduction
25. debt all the money borrowed by the federal government over the years and still outstanding
28. Entities composed of bureaucratic agencies, interest groups and congressional committees or subcommittees, which have dominated some areas of domestic policymaking Iron triangles are characterized by mutual dependency, in which each element provides key services, information, or policy for the others.
30. The act of regulating or the state of being regulated. 2. A principle, rule, or law designed to control or govern conduct.

Across

1. A planar surface of a solid figure.
4. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
7. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
8. The two supplementary adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
11. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
13. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
15. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
17. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
24. In geometry, a pair of angles is said to be vertical (also opposite and vertically opposite, which is abbreviated as vert. opp. ∠s) if the angles are formed from two intersecting lines and the angles are not adjacent.
26. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
30. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
32. rays two rays with a common endpoint that form a line
34. Two angles that add up to 180°.
36. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
37. outside of a circle or an ellipse is the convex side; so is the outer surface of a sphere.
38. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
40. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
42. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
43. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
44. side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
45. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
46. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.

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2. Often referred to as the right cone.
3. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
4. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
5. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
6. Lying on the same straight line.
8. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
9. suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
10. In mathematics, logic, and formal systems, a primitive notion is an undefined concept. In particular, a primitive notion is not defined in terms of previously defined concepts, but is only motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience.
12. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely.
14. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
15. In geometry, two lines or planes (or a line and a plane), are considered perpendicular (or orthogonal) to each other if they form congruent adjacent angles (a T-shape).
16. A can-shaped solid figure.
18. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
19. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
20. Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
21. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
22. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
23. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
25. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
27. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
28. Having one thing on either side of it.
29. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
31. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
33. A perfect round ball.
35. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
36. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
39. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
41. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
44. a solid geometric figure whose two end faces are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.

Across

4. Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
5. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness.
6. Two rays sharing a common endpoint. Angles are typically measured in degrees or radians.
7. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
10. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex.
11. A perfect round ball. It is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
14. On the coordinate plane, the pair of numbers giving the location of a point (ordered pair). In three-dimensional coordinates, the triple of numbers giving the location of a point (ordered triple). In n-dimensional space, a sequence of n numbers written in parentheses.
16. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
19. A shaped figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set. When at least one of the interior angles of the shape is greater than 180°, it is a different shape.
21. An angle that has measure less than 90°.
22. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
25. The side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. Note: The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right triangle.
26. A geometric figure with no indentations. Formally, a geometric figure is convex if every line segment connecting interior points is entirely contained within the figure's interior.
28. Postulate is a true statement, which does not require to be proved.
30. A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, 1 is the complement angle of 2
32. A line segment, line, or plane that divides a geometric figure into two congruent halves.
35. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
36. A complete circular arc. It also means the distance around the the outside of a circle.
38. following figure has 5 faces.
41. Two lines that intersect at right angles.
42. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
44. Part of a line between two points called endpoints
45. Exactly equal in size and shape. Congruent sides or segments have the exact same length. Congruent angles have the exact same measure. For any set of congruent geometric figures, corresponding sides, angles, faces, etc. are congruent.
46. point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure. A point shared by three or more sides of a solid figure.
47. A planar surface of a solid figure.
48. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.

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1. Lying in the same plane. For example, any set of three points in space are coplanar.
2. Two angles that are adjacent (share a leg) and supplementary (add up to 180°)
3. Point B is beside points A and C if it is on the line segment connecting A and C.
8. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
9. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved.
12. Lying on the same straight line.
13. A three-dimensional geometric figure with parallel congruent bases. The bases can be shaped like any closed plane figure (not necessarily a circle) and must be oriented identically.
15. Two angles in a plane which share a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Angles 1 and 2 below are adjacent angles.
17. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
18. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
20. A point shared by three or more sides of a solid figure.
23. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
24. When two lines intersect, four angles are formed
27. Two angles that add up to 180°.
29. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
31. point, line and plane; Points and lines are two of the most fundamental concepts in Geometry, but they are also the most difficult to define.
33. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
34. A space figure with two parallel polygonal bases that are the same shape and the same size.
36. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
37. Two rays with a common endpoint that point in opposite directions and form a straight line.
39. A three-dimensional geometric figure with parallel congruent bases. The bases can be shaped like any closed plane figure (not necessarily a circle) and must be oriented identically.
40. A line segment between two points on the circle or sphere which passes through the center. The word diameter is also also refers to the length of this line segment.
43. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
44. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely. A line has neither width nor thickness but length. It is the shortest distance between two points.
45. A three dimensional figure with a single base tapering to an apex. The base can be any simple closed curve.

Across

2. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
6. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
8. The two supplementary adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
10. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
11. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
17. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
18. In geometry, a pair of angles is said to be vertical (also opposite and vertically opposite, which is abbreviated as vert. opp. ∠s) if the angles are formed from two intersecting lines and the angles are not adjacent.
19. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
21. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
22. A planar surface of a solid figure.
24. outside of a circle or an ellipse is the convex side; so is the outer surface of a sphere.
25. Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
31. In geometry, two lines or planes (or a line and a plane), are considered perpendicular (or orthogonal) to each other if they form congruent adjacent angles (a T-shape).
35. side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
36. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
37. Having one thing on either side of it.
38. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely.
41. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
43. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
45. Lying on the same straight line.
46. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
47. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
48. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
49. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.

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1. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
3. rays two rays with a common endpoint that form a line
4. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
5. In mathematics, logic, and formal systems, a primitive notion is an undefined concept. In particular, a primitive notion is not defined in terms of previously defined concepts, but is only motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience.
7. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
9. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
12. Two angles that add up to 180°.
13. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
14. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
15. A can-shaped solid figure.
16. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
20. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
23. suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
25. Often referred to as the right cone.
26. a solid geometric figure whose two end faces are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
27. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
28. A perfect round ball.
29. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
30. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
31. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
32. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
33. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
34. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
39. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
40. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
42. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
44. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.

Across

1. A long cylindrical reinforced concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into the hole.
4. A change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the structure.
5. The applied load determined by the required load combinations.
6. The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformation
11. A category used to determine structural requirements based on occupancy of the building.
15. A load on a structure caused by movement of the Earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
16. Deformation under stress.
18. A force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member
19. A condition of a frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry of the structure does not produce large displacements or failure.
22. A horizontal beam that supports other beams
23. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two directions but rotation is not restricted.
26. The area of floor or roof representing the surface area from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to a supporting structural member.
27. The weight of the building or building components
30. A plot of the shear force in a beam versus the position along the axis of the beam.
31. A factor intended to compensate for uncertainties in design and analysis by reducing the theoretical strength of a member for use in design.
33. The load carrying capacity of a structural member.
34. Pressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure.
36. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is greater than the number of equilibrium equations.
37. The force exerted upon a body due to gravitational attraction to a planet.
40. The ability of a structure to maintain its appearance, durability, comfort for occupants, proper function of equipment, and ease of maintenance.
44. A single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans.
45. A foundation that transfers building loads into the Earth at the base of a column or bearing wall.
47. The state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equals zero and the sum of all external moments acting on the body equals zero.
49. The distance between supports for a beam, girder, truss, or other horizontal structural member; to carry a load between supports.
50. A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure.
52. The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.
53. A long slender piece of material driven or drilled into the ground to act as an element of a foundation.

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2. The internal force, usually in a beam, which acts in the plane of the cross-section of the beam.
3. The width of floor or roof along the length of a beam, measured perpendicular to the beam, representing the portion of surface from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to that beam.
7. Forces or other actions that result from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, and environmental effects.
8. A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the supported structure.
9. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is equal to the number of equilibrium equations.
10. A diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the body.
12. A continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil.
13. Force per unit area.
14. An agent that causes stress in an object.
16. An engineer that is licensed to design the structural systems for a building.
17. A beam that is supported on one end by a pin support and supported on the other end by a roller support.
20. The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
21. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.
24. A foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure.
25. A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
28. An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
29. The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.
30. A wide shallow footing usually constructed of reinforced concrete.
32. The distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam.
35. A unit of weight equal to 1000 pounds.
38. An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles.
39. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and rotation is restricted.
41. A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length.
42. A plot of the internal moment in a beam versus position along the axis of the beam.
43. A force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain.
46. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
48. The perpendicular distance from a reference point to the line of action of the force.
51. The weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building.

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4. - A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
5. - to ask, demand, or claim.
6. - The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely. A line has neither width nor thickness but length. It is the shortest distance between two points.
10. - Two angles that are adjacent (share a leg) and supplementary(add up to 180°)
13. - A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
14. - A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
16. - Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
17. - Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
18. - An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
22. - Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
28. - A can-shaped solid figure.
29. - A planar surface of a solid figure.
30. - Two rays with a common endpoint that point in opposite directions and form a straight line.
31. - A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
33. - Two lines that intersect at right angles.
36. - A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
37. angles - Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
38. - Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
39. - A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
42. - An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
44. - A space figure with two parallel polygonal bases that are the same shape and the same size.
46. - The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
47. - A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.

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1. - Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
2. - A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
3. - The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
4. - A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
7. - Two angles that add up to 180°.
8. - Lying on the same straight line.
9. - The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
11. - The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point. The two rays are called the sides of the angle and the initial point is called the vertex of the angle. The symbol for angle is
12. - A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
15. - A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
19. - The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
20. term - In geometry, definitions are formed using known words or terms to describe a new word. There are three words in geometry that are not formally defined. These three undefined terms are point, line and plane.
21. - Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
22. - The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
23. - A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, 1 is the complementary angle of 2.
24. - A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
25. - Vertically Opposite Angles are the angles opposite each other when two lines cross
26. - Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
27. angle - An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
31. - An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
32. - A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
34. - Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
35. - Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
40. - The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
41. angles - The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
43. - A perfect round ball. A sphere is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
45. - Often referred to as the right cone. A cone is a solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.

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2. a solid geometric figure whose two end faces are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
6. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
10. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
11. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
12. Lying on the same straight line.
14. suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
15. side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
16. A can-shaped solid figure.
17. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
18. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
22. outside of a circle or an ellipse is the convex side; so is the outer surface of a sphere.
23. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
24. In geometry, two lines or planes (or a line and a plane), are considered perpendicular (or orthogonal) to each other if they form congruent adjacent angles (a T-shape).
27. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
28. Often referred to as the right cone.
29. In mathematics, logic, and formal systems, a primitive notion is an undefined concept. In particular, a primitive notion is not defined in terms of previously defined concepts, but is only motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience.
31. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
32. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
35. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
36. Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
39. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
40. Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
41. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
43. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
45. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
46. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
47. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
48. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.

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1. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
3. The two supplementary adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
4. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
5. A perfect round ball.
7. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
8. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
9. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
12. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
13. A planar surface of a solid figure.
14. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
19. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
20. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely.
21. Two angles that add up to 180°.
23. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
25. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
26. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
30. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
33. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
34. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
37. In geometry, a pair of angles is said to be vertical (also opposite and vertically opposite, which is abbreviated as vert. opp. ∠s) if the angles are formed from two intersecting lines and the angles are not adjacent.
38. two rays with a common endpoint that form a line
42. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
44. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.

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2. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
4. Lying on the same straight line.
5. An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
8. An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
11. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
14. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
16. Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
17. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
18. suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
20. The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
25. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
27. Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
29. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
31. In geometry, a pair of angles is said to be vertical (also opposite and vertically opposite, which is abbreviated as vert. opp. ∠s) if the angles are formed from two intersecting lines and the angles are not adjacent.
35. Two angles that add up to 180°.
36. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
37. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
38. a solid geometric figure whose two end faces are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
39. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
40. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
42. outside of a circle or an ellipse is the convex side; so is the outer surface of a sphere.
43. The two supplementary adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
45. A can-shaped solid figure.
46. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
47. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.

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1. A planar surface of a solid figure.
3. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
4. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
6. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
7. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
9. Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
10. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
12. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
13. A perfect round ball.
15. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
16. A pair of angles that add up to 90°.
19. An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
21. Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
22. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
23. The path of a point moving in opposite directions infinitely.
24. Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
26. In mathematics, logic, and formal systems, a primitive notion is an undefined concept. In particular, a primitive notion is not defined in terms of previously defined concepts, but is only motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience.
28. side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
30. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
32. In geometry, two lines or planes (or a line and a plane), are considered perpendicular (or orthogonal) to each other if they form congruent adjacent angles (a T-shape).
33. two rays with a common endpoint that form a line
34. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
37. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
38. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
41. Often referred to as the right cone.
44. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.

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4. An arrangement of numbers which order does matter
5. u · v = u1v1+u2v2
8. An ordered list that contains elements
9. Length of a vector
11. A form of systems that has a “stair-step” pattern with leading coefficients of 1
16. The value that a function approaches as the input approaches some value
17. Of a function or curve, extending without break or irregularity
18. The side of a right triangle that touches a given non-right angle
20. A completely round shape
22. A line determining the limits of an area
23. Description of two matrices that one of them can be obtained from the other by row operations
24. The mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions
28. Midpoint of the transverse axis
29. The description of an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees
33. A set containing the output values produced by a function
35. A plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
37. A number that when multiplied by itself some number of times equals a given number
38. Sin u sin v = (1/2) [cos(u - v) - cos(u + v)]
41. 2 disconnected parts of a hyperbola
46. a onto a nonzero vector b
47. The angle counted counterclockwise from the x-axis to the vector
50. An application of division of polynomials
51. Angular distance above the horizon
52. An open curve formed by a plane that cuts the base of a right circular cone
53. A precise rule specifying how to solve some problem
54. The determinant of a certain sub matrix
56. The description of an angle between 90 and 180 degrees
59. A sequence of operations performed on the associated matrix of coefficients
60. n!
62. Functioning in a subsudiary or supporting capacity
63. A set of values of the independent variable for which a function is defined
64. Of or involving exponents
69. A function which gives the quantity to be maximized or minimized
70. An approach for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable y and one independent variable denoted x
72. The branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations
74. Area = [s (s - a)(s - b)(s - c)]^(1/2), where s = (a + b + c) / 2
76. Description of two vectors whose dot product = 0
78. Replacement
80. A part of a line that is bounded by two distinct end points
82. Of or related to algebra
84. z^n = [r (cos a + i sin a)]^n
85. Not appropriate for purpose or occasion
87. A number that identifies a position relative to an axis
88. Det(A)
90. A function which f(-x) = -f(x)
91. Where the line through the foci intersects the hyperbola
93. ku = k<u1, u2> = <ku1, ku2>
94. A quality
96. The addition of a sequence of numbers
97. Related to or resembling a cone
98. A system of linear inequalities
99. The standard unit of angular measure
100. A gradual decrease

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1. Increase in size, range
2. A method of dividing one large number by another
3. A function f of a function g which f(A) = g(B) whenever A and B are complementary angles
6. e=c/a
7. Of or related to Pythagoras or his geometry
10. The signed minor of a matrix
12. An angle that is not a right angle or any multiple of a right angle
13. The absolute value of the complex number z = a + bi
14. Where two lines meet
15. Description of an operation that has the same result when the order of the operands is changed
19. At right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line
21. A flat shape with four sides in which each side is the same length as the side opposite it and parallel to it
25. Reversed in order or nature or effect
26. A straight line segment whose length is magnitude and whose orientation in space is direction
27. The longer axis of an ellipse
30. Each fraction on the right side of the equation
31. A function defined by two or more equations over a specified domain
32. A constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic
34. A method of mathematical proof
36. xi=det(Ai)/det(A)
39. Half the distance between the maximum and minimum values of the function
40. Being or situated at an end
42. Exact reflection of form on opposite sides of dividing line or plane
43. Decrease in size, range, or extent
44. A number to be divided by another number
45. A rule associated with the variation in signs of f(x)
47. The factor x in f(x) = x sinx
48. An expression consisted of two or more terms that are made of variables and coefficients
49. One of a pair of numbers whose product is 1
55. The focal chord perpendicular to the axis of a parabola
57. Sin^2 u = (1 - cos2u) / 2
58. The number of times that something happens within a particular period of time
61. A transformation in which the direction of one axis is reserved
65. Movement
66. v1i + v2j of vectors i and j
67. The sum of a sequence of terms
68. Of or related to sigmoid flexure in the large intestine
71. An arrangement of numbers which order does not matter
72. A straight line that is the limiting value of a curve
73. An approximately U-shaped curve in a plane
75. A measure of how likely some event will occur
77. The longest side of a right triangle
79. Of or related to the second power
81. The result of division
82. matrix A matrix derived from a system of linear equations each written in standard form
83. Happening or recurring at regular intervals
86. A polynomial which is the sum of two terms
89. A curved shape like a circle
92. The reciprocal of cosine
95. Description of a transformation that preserves distances between every pair of points

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2. The act of bunching fabring into many stitches to give full effect on the garment
5. Seam that encases the raw edge of the fabric on the inside of garment
7. Use an iron to press seams open or to one side. Do this while you work on your garment to get the best results.
9. Z-shaped stitch that can be used on knits, stretch fabrics, to sew buttonholes and as a finish for raw edges.
11. An extra layer of fabric cut as a duplicate of a section in a garment. When the garment is sewn, there two pieces are treated as one. This is used with sheer fabrics adding an opaque backing. It can also serve as a backing for an unstable fabric.
12. The feed dogs are the teeth that transport the fabric through your sewing machine.
16. A part of a garment that fits over the shoulders and to which the main part of the garment is attached, typically in gathers or pleats.
18. The act of sewing either by hand or with a machine
20. A patch of ornamental needlework that can be sewn on a garment
21. The line where you sew together two pieces of fabric.
23. Strips of fabric cut on a 45-degree angle to the selvage.
24. edge The raw, raveling, and unfinished, cut edge of the fabric.
26. A seam with the encased raw edged topstitched. Regularly used in jeans
30. All the small accessories you need to finish a garment. Items like buttons, zippers, hooks, lace, elastic, etc.
32. A type of ornamental braiding closure made out of cord, consisting of a button
33. A typically trapezoid shaped piece sewn to other similarly shaped pieces to create a garment, either a skirt or dress.
34. A type of presser foot that is designed not to get in the way of the teeth of a zipper when sewing to fabric
35. A simple hand-sewn stitch that weaves up and down through the fabric, creating a dashed line of stitches. Use this for basting or gathering fabric.
36. The act of sewing 2-3 stitches backward before sewing or a hand sewing technique producing a strong hold looping backwards.
37. The bottom edge of a garment often folded up towards the inside of the garment.
38. A finished opening in the upper part of trousers or skirts, or at the neck, front, or sleeve of a garment. The finish frequently consists of a fold of fabric that is attached to the opening in order for the fasteners to be sewn to it.
42. The folded flaps of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat below the collar and are most commonly found on formal clothing and suit jackets.
43. A firm cushion for pressing. It's used to shape collars, sleeves, darts, and curves.
45. A line of stitches on the outside of a garment that can be used for decorative purposes, strength, flatten a seam, or secure facings/pockets
46. An additional layer of fabric that is used to stabilize, add structure, "crispness" and strength. It lies between the lining/facing and the outer fabric of a garment.
47. A type of button with one thick loop attached to the garment.

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1. The act of sewing two pattern pieces tiger, taking into account the curves and gathering.
3. A triangular shaped piece inset between two pieces of fabric or into a slit in a piece of fabric to add volume to the hem of the garment.
4. A slit in the bottom rear (the tail) of the jacket.
6. A hem finish where the inside selvage edge is cut at a 45 degree angle.
8. a "self-finished" edge of a piece of fabric which keeps it from unraveling and fraying.
10. A small spool that goes into your sewing machine to supply the bottom thread in your stitches. It's loaded into the bobbin case and then inserted into your sewing machine.
13. ripper A small tool to unpick a row of stitches. Replace these occasionally when the knife is dull.
14. It presses the foot against the feed dogs of your sewing machine while you sew.
15. Bias refers to the diagonal direction of a piece of fabric, drawn at an exact 45-degree angle to the selvage or grain line.
17. A fold or doubling of fabric that is pressed, ironed or creased into place.
19. A triangle or diamond shaped piece inset between two or more seams to add room to the seam, especially in a sleeve.
22. A large gathered sleeve resembling the shape of a leg of a lamb.
25. A layer of fabric on the inside of a garment to hide construction seams and details, add warmth and make it more comfortable to wear and easier to put on.
27. These are used to shape the garment around the waist, bust, shoulders, and sometimes sleeves. They are often shaped like triangles or diamonds.
28. Stitch in the seam line, pulling it slightly open on both sides. By stitching in from the outside of the garment, through all the layers, you can invisibly secure a facing or a turned-up sleeve cuff.
29. The opening in the bodice where you attach the sleeve.
31. The most basic machine stitch, that produces a single row of straight, even stitches. It's used to construct a garment and for topstitching.
39. A specialized type of sewing machine that can trim and overlock raw edges all in one go. It has 3, 4, or 5 needles and creates a stretchy seam finish, making it very suitable for knits.
40. Temporary, loose stitches to gather fabric or hold something in place.
41. This will give you better results in convex (scalloped hem) and concave (neckline) curves. A clip is a snip towards the stitching and a notch is a v-shaped (wedge) cut out towards the stitching. To get the best result, cut close to the stitch line but not through.
44. The fabric between the edge of the fabric and the stitch line. The width can vary between pattern companies and in a garment.

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3. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
4. The longest side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
8. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
12. Often referred to as the right cone. A cone is a solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs
13. A plane figure bounded by three or more straight-line sides.
14. angle An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
15. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
17. angles Two angles in a plane which share a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap. Angles 1 and 2 below are adjacent angles.
19. An initial proposition or statement that is generally accepted as true without proof (self-evident truth) and from which further statements, or theorems, can be derived by using logical deduction.
21. A general conclusion proved upon general assumptions.
22. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
24. A tubular solid with a circular base. Usually, this term implies a right cylinder that can be formed by rotating a rectangle about one of its sides.
26. A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it. The point B is said to be between points A and C if, and only if, AB + BC = AC, in which AB is the distance from A to B, BC is the distance from B to C, and AC is the distance from A to C.
27. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. It also represents the length of such a line segment.
28. In plane geometry, when one figure fits exactly on top of the other through simple translation and/or rotation, then these two figures are congruent.
29. A perfect round ball. A sphere is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
30. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
31. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
32. Two lines that intersect at right angles.
35. angle An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
37. Lying on the same straight line.
39. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
41. Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
43. term denominator of zero.

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1. A straight line along which two faces of a solid meet. A rectangular solid has twelve edges.
2. segment Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
3. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
5. A three-dimensional figure bounded by plane polygonal faces. The point at which three or more faces meet is called a vertex. A line along which two faces meet is called an edge.
6. Two rays sharing a common endpoint. Angles are typically measured in degrees or radians.
7. Two angles that add up to 180°.
9. rays opposite straight lines that extends from a point.
10. pair A pair of adjacent angles formed by intersecting lines. Angles 1 and 2 below are a linear pair. So are angles 2 and 4, angles 3 and 4, and angles 1 and 3. Linear pairs of angles are supplementary.
11. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
15. If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are called complementary. Whenever two angles are complementary, each angle is said to be the complement of the other angle.
16. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
18. polygon When at least one of the interior angles of a polygon is greater than 180°, it is a concave polygon. The inside surface of a bowl is concave when viewed from above.
20. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set.
23. angle An angle that has measure less than 90°.
25. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
30. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
32. A polyhedron with two parallel, congruent polygons being its bases and all the other faces being parallelograms.
33. A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
34. angles the pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
36. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
38. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
40. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure.
42. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
44. A planar surface of a solid figure.

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7. An event that has no chance of occurring.
10. the same amount or value
11. corresponding sides are equal in length, in which case their corresponding angles are equal in size.
13. The part of a line that connects two points.
16. a quadrilateral that has only one pair of parallel sides
19. is the sum of all the areas of all the shapes that cover the surface of the object.
20. of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on the circle.
21. Events which have some common outcomes in between the given events. Like getting an odd number or getting a prime number when we throw a dice.
25. In two similar geometric figures, the ratio of their corresponding sides
26. An angle that is more than 90° and less than 180°.
28. Two events, A and B, are not affected by previous events.
32. either of two angles whose sum is 90°.
34. a triangle that has three unequal sides
37. e.g. 11.25
38. least common multiple
39. If the object is below the level of the observer, then the angle between the horizontal and the observer's line of sight
42. a possible result of an experiment.
45. in an algebraic expression: Clear the parentheses. Combine like terms by adding coefficients. Combine the constants.
46. opposite over hypotenuse
47. a squared plus b squared equals c squared
50. a 5-sided Polygon
51. e.g. square, triangle, rectangle, rhombus
53. any quadrilateral with four right angles.
56. []
59. A 4-sided flat shape with straight sides that has two pairs of sides and each pair is made of two adjacent sides (they meet) that are equal in length. "
60. same as a trial
61. measures the amount of turn
65. adjacent over hypotenuse
67. another word for equation
71. is measured in square units such as square inches, square feet or square meters.
72. a closed solid that has two parallel (usually circular) bases connected by a curved surface.
73. a triangle that has a 90° angle in it.
74. the small angle which is less than 90°.
75. Common scales of temperature measured in: Celsius (°C) Fahrenheit (°F)
76. An event that has a 100% probability of occurring.

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1. A drawing used to describe something.
2. answer
3. another word for linear, 2D, 3D
4. a shape with 3 sides and 3 angles
5. opposite over adjacent
6. In probability theory, it is a set of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned.
8. A triangle with all three sides of equal length. All the angles are 60°
9. Two events (""A"" and ""B"") are impossible for them to happen together: P(A and B) = 0 e.g. Turning left and turning right
12. The angle at the center of the circle made by a line, arc or object.
13. half circle
14. of a circle, it is the length of a line segment from its center to its perimeter.
15. measure of the amount of space inside of a solid figure, like a cube, ball, cylinder or pyramid.
17. You put the object back into the bag so that the number of marbles to choose from is the same for both draws.
18. the distance around the circle
20. a quadrilateral whose vertices all lie on a single circle.
22. A triangle with two equal sides. The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal
23. A solid that has a circular base and a single vertex.
24. the set of all possible outcomes of that experiment.
27. they are in the same location in the two similar shapes.
29. lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two lines in a plane that do not intersect or touch each other at any point
30. A special type of equation that shows the relationship between different variables. Example: for the volume of a box is V = l × w × h
31. A 4-sided flat shape with straight sides where all sides have equal length. Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal.
32. The amount that something can hold. Usually it means volume, such as milliliters (ml) or liters (l)
33. consists of all outcomes in the sample space that are not in A
35. to divide into two equal parts.
36. an object as seen by an observer is the angle between the horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye (the line of sight).
37. O.6495, has four digits after the decimal point.
40. Distance. How far from end to end. Or from one point to another.
41. of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
43. A measure of how much matter is in an object.
44. a part of a triangle but not the angles
45. either of two angles whose sum is 180°.
48. accordingly or in precisely the order given or sequentially
49. is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball
52. Lines that are at right angles (90°) to each other.
54. A 4-sided regular polygon with all sides equal and all internal angles 90°
55. shape with opposite sides parallel and equal in length.
57. a helpful mnemonic for remembering the definitions of the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, and tangent
58. The longest side of a right triangle
62. an angle, measured clockwise from the north direction
63. corners
64. represents a part of a whole or any number of equal parts for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters.
66. a shape with all points the same distance from its center.
68. e.g. referring to two triangles, if the only difference is size (and possibly the need to turn or flip one around).
69. The angle made by two lines with a common vertex
70. comparison between two different things. men to women is 15 to 20.

Across

6. An angle whose measure is 180 degrees is a ____ angle. (8)
10. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle (10)
15. Circles that lie in the same plane and have the same center are ___ circles. (10)
16. An angle ____ is a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles. (8)
17. A segment whose endpoints are on the circle (5)
21. The ___ of a circle is the region bounded by two radii and their intercepted arc. (6)
22. A ruler with no markings on it (12)
23. Figures in the same plane are said to be ____. (8)
24. The ratio of the circumeference of any circle to its diameter (2)
25. The distance from the initial point to the terminal point of a vector is the ___ of the vector. (9)
27. An "if-then" statement (11)
28. ___ polygons are polygons that have corresponding sides congruent and corresponding angles congruent (9)
30. In a right triangle with acute angle A, the ___ of angle A is the ratio of the leg opposite angle A to the hypotenuse. (4)
31. When a triangle is ___ about a circle, each side is tangent to the circle. (13)
33. An angle whose measure is 90 degrees is a ____ angle. (5)
34. A parallelogram with four right angles (9)
38. The sum of two vectors (9)
39. A segment that contains the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle (8)
44. The set of all points (5)
46. A series of points that extends in two directions without end (4)
47. Two angles are ____ if the sum of their measures is 180 degrees. (13)
48. The angle between the legs of an isosceles triangle is called the ___ angle. (6)
50. The side in an isosceles triangle that is not a leg (4)
51. In a right triangle with acute angle A, the ___ of angle A is the ratio of the leg opposite angle A to the leg adjacent to angle A. (7)
53. The numbers 5, 12, and 13 form a ___. (11,6)
54. Two lines that lie in the same plane but do not intersect are ____ lines. (8)
57. Collinear rays with the same endpoint that form a line are ____ rays. (8)
59. ____ reasoning is a type of reasoning that reaches conclusions based on a pattern of specific examples or past events. (9)
61. Statements with the same truth value are ___. (10)
63. A quadrilateral with exactly one air of parallel sides (9)
65. An accepted statement of fact (9)
67. A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides and no opposite sides congruent (4)
68. The point of concurrency of the angle bisectors of a triangle (8)
69. The set of all points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point (6)
70. A three-dimensional figure that has a circular base, a vertex not in the plane of the circle, and a curved lateral surface (4)
71. A polyhedron in which one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with a common vertex (7)
72. A line, ray, or segment that intersects a circle at two points (6)
73. The intersection of the faces of a polyhedron are its ___. (5)

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1. A polygon is ___ in a circle if the vertices of the polygon are on the circle. (9)
2. A measure of the space a figure occupies (6)
3. The part of a conditional statement that follows the word "if" (10)
4. A parallelogram with four congruent sides (7)
5. An arc that is smaller than a semicircle is a(n) ___ arc. (5)
7. A(n) ____ is formed by two rays with a common endpoint. (5)
8. The part of a conditional statement that follows the word "then" (10)
9. ____ lines are lines that do not lie in the same plane. (4)
11. A drawing in which all lengths are proportional to corresponding actual lengths (5,7)
12. A statement that two ratios are equal (10)
13. A(n) ___ of a triangle is the segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of the triangle. (10)
14. A(n) ___ of a triangle is a perpendicular segment from a vertex to the line containing the side opposite the vertex. (8)
18. Two coplanar angles that have a common side and a common vertex but no common interior points are called ____ angles. (8)
19. A polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces, called bases (5)
20. A set of points, all of which meet a stated condition (5)
21. The ___ ratio is the ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides of similar figures. (10)
26. A point in a segment that divides the segment into two congruent segments (8)
27. A ___ of a circle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle. (7,5)
28. In a right triangle with acute angle A, the ___ of angle A is the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle A to the hypotenuse. (6)
29. The distance around a circle (13)
32. ∼q→∼p (14)
35. A geometric tool used to draw circles and parts of circles (7)
36. The ___ of a cone is one-half the perimeter of the base times the slant height. (7,4)
37. A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides (13)
40. The part of the line containing two endpoints and all the points in between them (7)
41. A great circle divides a sphere into two ___. (11)
42. The ___ of a parallelogram, triangle, or trapezoid is the length of its altitude. (6)
43. The Reflexive Property, Symmetric Property, and Transitive Property are all properties of ____. (10)
45. A type of statement that combines a conditional statement and its converse (13)
49. An angle of ___ is the angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object below the horizontal line. (10)
52. An angle of ___ is the angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object above the horizontal line. (9)
55. A two-dimensional pattern that you can fold into a three-dimensional figure (3)
56. Any quantity that has magnitude and direction (6)
58. A ____ proof is a convincing argument that uses deductive reasoning and in which the statements and reasons are connected in sentences. (9)
60. A(n) ___ trapezoid is a trapezoid whose nonparallel opposite sides are congruent. (9)
62. The point of intersection of the medians of a triangle. (8)
64. A flat surface that has no thickness containing many lines and extending without end in the direction of its lines (5)
66. A ___ of a triangle is a segment whose endpoints are a vertex and the midpoint of the side opposite the vertex. (6)

Across

5. A perfect round ball. A sphere is a closed solid bounded by a surface on which all points are equidistant from a central point called the center.
6. Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
9. Also called non-coplanar lines. They are straight lines that are neither parallel, nor intersecting. They lie in different planes.
10. A closed plane figure bounded by at least three line segments.
11. segment Part of a line between two points called endpoints.
12. A solid bounded by at least four polygonal faces. The pairs of faces meet along their edges. Three or more edges meet in each vertex. A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment joining two vertices that are not in the same face.
15. The point on a line segment that divides the given line segment into two congruent parts.
16. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
19. angles Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
21. Also called half-line. It is a straight line that extends from a point.
22. The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
23. A point at which the two rays of an angle meet or the intersection point of two sides of a plane figure. A point shared by three or more sides of a solid figure.
24. angle An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
26. Two lines that intersect at right angles.
28. Two angles that add up to 180°.
31. Flying mammal
32. The length of the boundary around a shape or a figure.
35. A space figure with two parallel polygonal bases that are the same shape and the same size.
36. Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
37. A polyhedron whose one face is a polygon and the other faces are triangles with one common vertex.
38. Large marsupial
39. A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it. The point B is said to be between points A and C if, and only if, AB + BC = AC, in which AB is the distance from A to B, BC is the distance from B to C, and AC is the distance from A to C.
41. A flat surface that can extend forever in length and width but has no thickness. The surface of a calm sea and a flat valley are all physical models of a plane.
42. angles The pair of angles opposite each other formed by two intersecting lines.
45. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye. A convex curve is a set of points any of whose chords do not include any point that is not in the set. The outside of a circle or an ellipse is the convex side; so is the outer surface of a sphere. coordinate A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
46. Man's best friend
47. angle An angle that is between 90° and 180°.
48. Likes to chase mice

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1. A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its two endpoints on the circle. A line segment that passes through the center of a sphere and has its two endpoints on the surface of the sphere.
2. A can-shaped solid figure.
3. A unit of measure used to measure the magnitude of an angle, equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
4. A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
6. An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
7. Lying on the same straight line.
8. rays Two things that are located or facing directly across. Two opposite numbers are the two numbers that are equidistant from the origin on a number line but in opposite directions from the origin.
13. polygon Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set. When at least one of the interior angles of a polygon is greater than 180°, it is a concave polygon. The inside surface of a bowl is concave when
14. pair A pair of adjacent angles formed by intersecting lines.
17. A planar surface of a solid figure.
18. The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
20. Often referred to as the right cone. A cone is a solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
25. A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
27. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference.
29. term A linear system of equations that has fewer equations than variables.
30. A statement accepted as true without proof. A postulate should be so simple and direct that it seems to be unquestionably true.
32. Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
33. Has a trunk
34. The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
35. A set of logical arguments used to deduce or prove a mathematical theorem from a set of axioms.
37. A geometric object that has no dimension and is used to indicate a location.
40. A general conclusion proposed to be proved upon the basis of certain given hypotheses or assumptions; or, a general conclusion that has been proved, e.g., Pythagorean Theorem, Binomial Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, etc.
43. angle An angle that measures 90° or /2 radians. It is the angle between two perpendicular lines such as the corner of a square or two perpendicular planes such as the wall and the ground.
44. The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point. The two rays are called the sides of the angle and the initial point is called the vertex of the angle. The symbol for angle is .

Across

2. ratio of the adjacent to the opposite side of a right-angled triangle
4. number that produces a specified quantity when multiplied by itself.
8. if it has many modes
10. Ξξ?
11. multiply (a number) by itself.
13. simply refers to the measure of one whole cycle
16. obtained by measuring, can take up any value between any two distinct values
19. An operation that assigns a correspondence from elements of one set to elements of another set.
22. ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
23. Ζζ?
24. the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet.
25. A line or curve that the graph of a relation approaches more and more closely the further the graph isfollowed.
26. Ψψ?
30. perpendicular segment from the vertex
32. a diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two variables, each measured along one of a pair of axes at right angles.
33. the unit of plane angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius (approximately 57.295 degrees)
34. A unit of angle measure equal to of a minute.
36. Ωω?
37. A unit of angle measure equal to of a degree
38. all functions have positive values
40. each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figure.
41. Γγ?
43. takes up values that can be counted
45. Opposite the direction that the hands of a clock move.
46. is a line that touches a curve in exactly one point. More formally, it is a differentiable curve at a point where the slope of the curve equals the slope of a line.
48. are angles in standard position (angles with the initial side on the positive x-axis) that have a common terminal side. For example 30°, –330° and 390° are all coterminal. PeriodicFunctions are functions that behave in a cyclic (repetitive) manner over a specified interval (called a period).
53. is the origin and its initial side lies on the positive x – axis
61. a part of the circumference of a circle or other curve.
62. Two similar ways of indicating direction. On the left below is a kind of bearing which uses compass points.
63. the inverse function of the cosine; the angle that has a cosine equal to a given number
66. variables numerical and can be arranged following a certain on rank
69. ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
73. father of trigonometry
77. an area of sideshows, games of chance or skill, or other amusements at a fair or exhibition.
78. of or relating to or according to the principles of trigonometry
81. The set of all possible inputs of a function.
82. Εε?
83. Ηη?
84. sine, cosecant have value is positive
86. the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians
88. Ιι?
89. a straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points
92. the ^2=a^2b^2
93. Δδ?
94. means measured copy

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1. starting position of the rotating ray
3. move or cause to move in a circle around an axis or center.
5. tangent and cotangent have value is positive
6. The positive acute angle formed between the terminal side of an angle and the x-axis.
7. Οο?
9. a plane figure with three straight sides and three angles.
12. a straight line or plane that touches a curve or curved surface at a point but does not intersect it at that point
14. variable that can be classified according to specific categories based on specific attributes or characteristics
15. the result of adding numbers or expressions together
17. A wave shaped like the graph of y = sin x.
18. Αα?
20. Κκ?
21. An equation or a system of equations representing real-world phenomena. Models also represent patterns found in graphs and data. Usually models are not exact matches the objects or behavior they represent. A good model should capture the essential character of whatever is being modeled.
27. any real number; a scalar has magnitude but no direction
28. Φφ?
29. The period of a sinusoid.
31. Ττ?
35. Half the difference between the minimum and maximum values of the range.
39. Νν?
42. the shorter length of the two dimensional figure
44. a mnemonic device that is used in mathematics to remember the definitions of the three most common trigonometric function
47. what something is used for
48. The direction that the hands of a clock move.
49. Μμ?
50. os the horizontal of a two dimensional plot in Cartesian
51. the inverse function of the tangent; the angle that has a tangent equal to a given number
52. inhaving a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching
54. the final position or the position at which, the rotating spots
55. A function that repeats itself in regular intervals; it follows this equation: f (x + c) = f (x) , where c is a constant.
56. a function obtained by expressing the dependent variable of one function as the independent variable of another; f and g are inverse functions if f(x)=y and g(y)=x
57. triangle that does not contain a right angle
58. is the average of the squares of the difference between each value and the mean of the data set
59. Ρρ?
60. Υυ?
64. ratio of the hypotenuse to the opposite side of a right-angled triangle
65. cosine and cosecant function value is positive
67. the starting position at which, the rotating ray stops
68. Phase in sinusoidal functions or in waves has two different, but closely related, meanings. One is the initial angle of a sinusoidal function at its origin and is sometimes called phase offset or phase difference.
70. an angle when added to another results to 180 degrees
71. graph of sine or cosine
72. graph that shows the cumulative frequencies of a given frequency distribution
74. the inverse function of the sine; the angle that has a sine equal to a given number trigonometric function function of an angle expressed as a ratio of the length of the sides of right-angled triangle containing the angle
75. if there is only one value for the mode
76. The set of all possible outputs of a function.
78. he branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles.
79. greek word of trigonometry
80. Λλ?
85. The part of a function that dictates the exact correspondence between the elements of one set and the elements of another set
87. Ββ?
89. Σσ?
90. Χχ?
91. Θθ?
92. Ππ?

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3. The distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam.
4. The tendency of a force to rotate an object about point P. It is equal to the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the object and the perpendicular distance from the point P to the force.
7. The area of floor or roof representing the surface area from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to a supporting structural member.
15. Deformation under stress.
17. An agent that causes stress in an object.
18. A wide shallow footing usually constructed of reinforced concrete.
24. A load on a structure caused by movement of the Earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
26. Forces or other actions that result from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, and environmental effects.
28. A factor intended to compensate for uncertainties in design and analysis by reducing the theoretical strength of a member for use in design.
29. A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure.
32. An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
33. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is equal to the number of equilibrium equations.
35. A force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member. Axial tension causes elongation of the member. Axial compression causes shortening of the member.
36. The weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building.
39. The load carrying capacity of a structural member.
41. An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles..
42. A long slender piece of material driven or drilled into the ground to act as an element of a foundation.
45. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.
46. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and rotation is restricted. A fixed support provides two perpendicular reaction forces and a reaction moment when the member is loaded.
48. A change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the structure.
49. Pressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure.
51. A single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans.
52. The state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equals zero and the sum of all external moments acting on the body equals zero.
56. A plot of the internal moment in a beam versus position along the axis of the beam.

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1. The weight of the building or building components.
2. A beam that is supported on one end by a pin support and supported on the other end by a roller support.
5. A diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the body.
6. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two directions but rotation is not restricted. A pin support provides two perpendicular reaction forces when the member is loaded.
8. A condition of a frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry of the structure does not produce large displacements or failure.
9. A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
10. A plot of the shear force in a beam versus the position along the axis of the beam.
11. The width of floor or roof along the length of a beam, measured perpendicular to the beam, representing the portion of surface from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to that beam.
12. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is greater than the number of equilibrium equations.
13. A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the supported structure.
14. A category used to determine structural requirements based on occupancy of the building.
16. The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.
19. The applied load determined by the required load combinations.
20. A foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure.
21. The perpendicular distance from a reference point to the line of action of the force.
22. A force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain.
23. The internal force, usually in a beam, which acts in the plane of the cross-section of the beam.
25. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
27. The ability of a structure to maintain its appearance, durability, comfort for occupants, proper function of equipment, and ease of maintenance.
30. An engineer that is licensed to design the structural systems for a building.
31. The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformations.
34. The force exerted upon a body due to gravitational attraction to a planet.
37. A continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil.
38. The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.
40. A foundation that transfers building loads into the Earth at the base of a column or bearing wall.
43. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in only one direction and rotation is not restricted. A roller support provides one reaction force when the member is loaded.
44. The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
47. A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length.
50. A long cylindrical reinforced concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into the hole.
53. Force per unit area.
54. The distance between supports for a beam, girder, truss, or other horizontal structural member; to carry a load between supports.
55. A unit of weight equal to 1000 pounds.
57. A horizontal beam that supports other beams; a very large beam, especially one that is built up from other sections.

Across

1. A plot of the internal moment in a beam versus position along the axis of the beam.
4. The state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equals zero and the sum of all external moments acting on the body equals zero.
6. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in only one direction and rotation is not restricted. A roller support provides one reaction force when the member is loaded.
8. A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the supported structure.
9. A category used to determine structural requirements based on occupancy of the building.
13. A long cylindrical reinforced concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into the hole.
14. A diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the body.
17. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.
18. An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
19. The load carrying capacity of a structural member.
21. A beam that is supported on one end by a pin support and supported on the other end by a roller support.
23. The distance between supports for a beam, girder, truss, or other horizontal structural member; to carry a load between supports.
26. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is equal to the number of equilibrium equations.
28. The perpendicular distance from a reference point to the line of action of the force.
30. The weight of the building or building components.
32. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two directions but rotation is not restricted. A pin support provides two perpendicular reaction forces when the member is loaded.
33. A long slender piece of material driven or drilled into the ground to act as an element of a foundation.
34. A unit of weight equal to 1000 pounds.
35. A plot of the shear force in a beam versus the position along the axis of the beam.
36. Deformation under stress.
39. The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.
40. A force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain.
45. A factor intended to compensate for uncertainties in design and analysis by reducing the theoretical strength of a member for use in design.
46. The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
48. A change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the structure.
49. A force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member. Axial tension causes elongation of the member. Axial compression causes shortening of the member.
50. A wide shallow footing usually constructed of reinforced concrete.
51. A load on a structure caused by movement of the Earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
52. An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles..
53. Forces or other actions that result from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, and environmental effects.
54. Pressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure.

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2. The width of floor or roof along the length of a beam, measured perpendicular to the beam, representing the portion of surface from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to that beam.
3. The tendency of a force to rotate an object about point P. It is equal to the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the object and the perpendicular distance from the point P to the force.
5. An engineer that is licensed to design the structural systems for a building.
7. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is greater than the number of equilibrium equations.
10. The distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam.
11. A single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans.
12. An agent that causes stress in an object.
15. A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
16. The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.
20. The force exerted upon a body due to gravitational attraction to a planet.
22. The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformations.
23. The ability of a structure to maintain its appearance, durability, comfort for occupants, proper function of equipment, and ease of maintenance.
24. A foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure.
25. A horizontal beam that supports other beams; a very large beam, especially one that is built up from other sections.
26. A foundation that transfers building loads into the Earth at the base of a column or bearing wall.
27. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
29. The internal force, usually in a beam, which acts in the plane of the cross-section of the beam.
31. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and rotation is restricted. A fixed support provides two perpendicular reaction forces and a reaction moment when the member is loaded.
35. Force per unit area.
37. The weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building.
38. The area of floor or roof representing the surface area from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to a supporting structural member.
41. A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure.
42. The applied load determined by the required load combinations.
43. A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length.
44. A continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil.
47. A condition of a frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry of the structure does not produce large displacements or failure.

Across

2. - a measure of spread of a data set’s distribution; the difference between Q3 and Q1.
6. - Two numbers are opposite of each other if they are the same distance from zero on a number line, but on opposite sides.
8. - A way to show the numerical distribution of numerical data set
10. - any side of the figure can be chosen to represent the base; the height is then found through a perpendicular segment reaching from the base to the opposite vertex.
11. - An expression with an exponent of 2.
12. - A unit to measure speed that tells how many meters an object travels in one second.
13. - the number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression
16. - A number that can be thought of as a middle or typical value of a distribution
19. - The greatest of all the common Factors of two or more numbers. 15 is the GCF of 45 and 60.
21. - the tendency of a data set to have different data values.
24. - A 2D figure composed of a sequence of straight line segments, connected end-to-end, with the last one connecting back to the first.
25. - An expression with an exponent of 3.
26. - means “per 100” and is usually written symbolically with %
27. - two ratios a : b and c : d are equivalent if there is a number that you can multiply both a and b by to get c and d.
29. - A quantity described by a rate per 100
31. - the value around which most distributions become symmetrical; can be shared through mean or medium.
33. - Area is a measure of a 2D region
37. - the number of unit squares that cover a two dimensional region without gaps or overlaps
38. - is the number of unit squares it takes to cover all of the surfaces of a 3D figure without gaps or overlaps
40. - A 3D figure with faces that are polygonal regions. Each face meets one and only one other face along a complete edge.
42. - A four sided polygon with two set of parallel sides
43. - is a type of polyhedron that has one special face called the base. All of the other faces are triangles that all meet at a single vertex.
46. - The number of times a value occurs within a data set.
48. - A line segment in a polygon. A line segment where two faces meet in a polyhedron.
51. - Data in which the values are categories, for example breeds of dogs or types of flowers
52. Number - A rational number is a fraction or the opposite of a fraction. Any number that can be written as a fraction in the form a/b where a and b are whole numbers, with b not equal to 0, or equivalent decimals or whole numbers
54. - A number that is less than zero.
58. - the cost for one item or one unit of measure.
59. - Measures the spread in distribution; the mean of the distances of the data points from the mean of the distribution.
61. - a value that makes the inequality true.
62. - Can be used to represent a ratio between two quantities measured in the same units. It is composed of one or more rectangles that are partitioned into equal parts.
64. - means “for each”.
65. - When you choose a side to be the base in a triangle, the vertex that is not an endpoint of the base is the opposite vertex.
67. - any side of the figure can be chosen to represent the base. is found through a perpendicular segment reaching from the base to the opposite side
68. - a letter in an equation.
70. - is a number that can be used in place of the variable to make the equation true.
71. - Any number that is greater than zero.
72. - A variable representing the output of a function

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1. - The smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common. 30 is the LCM of 6 and 10
3. - Can only be answered by using data and where we expect the data to have variability.
4. - A factor that two whole numbers have in common. For example, 5 is a common factor of 15 and 20.
5. - how many of one quantity there are per unit of another quantity
7. - The sign of a nonzero number is either positive or negative
9. - Any flat surface on a three dimensional figure.
14. -
15. - For a numerical or categorical data set, the distribution tells how many of each value or each category are in the data set.
16. - the middle value when the data values are listed in order.
17. - Associates two or more quantities.
18. Plot - A representation showing a 5 number summary of a data set.
20. - In an expression like 7^n. We call the n the exponent
22. - Expressions that are always equal for the same value of their variable
23. - Data where the values are numbers, measurements, or quantities.
28. - the distance a number is from zero on a number line.
30. - A way of representing a numerical data set by grouping the data into bins and showing how many values are in each bun with vertical bars.
32. - A variable representing the input of a function
34. - A type of polyhedron with two parallel faces that are identical copies of each other connected by rectangles.
35. - a number that is a multiple of two whole numbers. For example, 20 is a common multiple of 2 and 5.
36. - put together. We can do this with geometric figures to make new figures.
39. - tells you how fast or slow an object is moving.
41. - is an attribute that measures how fast or slow an object is moving. It is measured in units like seconds per meter or hours per mile
44. - a data set are three numbers that divide the data set into fourths
45. - When axes extend in both positive and negative directions, the coordinate plane is divided into 4 regions called quadrants.
47. - tells you how spread out the data values are.
49. - a four sided polygon
50. - A set of two number lines with the zeros aligned. Other tick marks are aligned to represent equivalent ratios.
53. - Two dimensional representation of a polyhedron. It can be cut out and folded to make the polyhedron
55. - The difference between the maximum and the minimum.
56. - take apart. We can do this with geometric figures to make new figures.
57. - The mean; the value you get from adding up all of the values in a data set and dividing by the number of values in the set.
60. - A line segment in a polygon.
63. - When we decompose a figure into pieces and put them back together in a different way
66. - average; the value when adding up all of the values in a data set and dividing by the number of values in the set.
69. - A point where two edges meet in a polygon or polyhedron.

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5. A career that involved planning a space inside a house or building, including furnishings.
6. Is a hue mixed with white to make a lighter color value
7. A twentieth – century style in which artist sought to create an impression of movement by means of optical illusion.
8. Paint A synthetic painting medium in which pigments are mixed with acrylic, a plastic emulsion that acts as a vehicle and a binder.
9. The materials, such as oil, watercolor, etc., used to create an artwork; or a category of art such as drawing, painting, or sculpture.
10. The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes the picture in.
12. Sometimes referred to as free form is irregular & uneven often found in nature.
14. Are colors which cannot be mixed from other colors, but from which other colors are made.
15. The art of making photographs for fine art or commercial purposes.
20. Are precise mathematical shapes, circles, squares, and triangles.
23. Are mixed from a primary color & secondary color that are next to each other on the color wheel.
24. Are lines that are real and can be seen.
25. The artist uses crisp and clear lines and shapes to show close-up detail.
28. An artist may use color and value contrast to give a painting or drawing the appearance of texture as distinguished from the texture of the artwork itself.
30. An area of education that provides programs in art production, art history, aesthetics, and art criticism for students in public school.
31. A form of water- soluble paint used to create opacity.
32. A condition in which the elements of an artwork appear to fit well together.
36. A person who makes artworks and is skilled in composing subject matter and the art elements with a variety of art materials and procedures.
39. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, using one vanishing point. One object faces the viewer; the lines defining other objects in the artwork recede at an angle to a single vanishing point on the horizon line.
41. A twentieth-century art movement developed mainly by Pocasso and Braque in which the subject matter is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an abstract form, emphasizing geometric shapes.
42. A technique of painting in which water-based paint is mixed or tempered with egg-yolk.
44. Another word for color.
45. Lines that are produced to express an idea, mood, or quality (for example, graceful, nervous, delicate, aggressive, etc.)
47. A chalky, colored crayon consisting of pigment and adhesive gum. Also, paintings done with such crayons.
49. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, using two vanishing points and two sets of converging lines to represent forms. These forms are seen from an angle and have two receding sides. Two dimensions appear to recede: width and depth.
52. An artist element with three properties: hue, value, and intensity.
53. Artworks created in our own time.
54. Perspective An artist uses guidelines (horizon line and vanishing point) to position shapes to appear near or faraway.
57. Surfaces that are hollow or curved inward.
60. An illusion of movement, or implied movement, cause by the response of the eye to lines, shapes, and colors arranged in artworks.
61. A personal belief or impression that may be true for the individual but not for other people.
62. On the color wheel, a hue that is combined with hues on either side of its compliment.
63. Can describe empty or full areas that are far away or nearby and areas that are huge or small.
64. Implied lines suggested by the direction in which figures in a picture are looking, or from the observer's eye to the object being looked at.
65. A likeness of a person, distorted by exaggerated features or mannerisms.

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1. Quality Is the special character of a line. For example
2. Balance, emphasis, proportion, pattern, rhythm.
3. A technique of creating three-dimensional or relief sculpture by molding strips of paper soaked in glue or paste.
4. Surfaces that curve outwards.
7. A paint made from a mixture of colored pigment and linseed oil.
11. A horizontally drawn line that is even with the viewer’s eye. In landscape scenes it can be the actual horizon line, but it can be drawn in still life.
13. Objects made of clay and fired in a kiln to a permanent form. Ceramics are often decorated with glazes and fired again to fuse the glass to the clay body.
16. The sensory elements including line, shape form, color, value, space, and texture that are used to create artworks.
17. An oriental method of beautiful handwriting.
18. Are made of a series of diagonal lines moving in different directions.
19. Having height and width and depth
21. A technique in which a design is incised in a plate of metal, wood, or plastic. A print is then made from the plate.
22. Colors Are red, yellow, and orange.
23. Is an artist who plans the appearance and form of useful objects, such as computers, telephones, cars, toys, and kitchen appliances.
24. It is a form of art that stresses the form of its subject rather than its actual appearance. The subject is broken down into art elements.
26. Runs up and down.
27. Combinations of colors that are considered satisfying or that produce certain effects.
29. Is ceramic ware that is made from natural clay. It is soft, porous, and fired at low temperature.
33. Creating and producing apparel for every occasion.
34. The things that are represented in an artwork, such as people, buildings, trees, etc.
35. A sphere, cube, and pyramid.
37. Colors that contrast with one another. They are opposite one another on the color wheel.
38. A furnace capable of controlled high temperatures used to fire ceramic ware and sculpture.
40. A gradual change from light to dark values this creates a 3-D effect.
43. Is flat, 2-D area with height and width
46. Are made by mixing 2 primary colors this makes orange, violet, and green.
48. Also called simulated textures is the way a surface appears through the sense of vision.
50. Often called "free-form" they have irregular and uneven edges and, are often found in nature.
51. Is a hue mixed with black to make a darker color value.
55. Perspective The diminishing of color intensity to lighter and duller hues to give the illusion of distance.
56. Electronic art made up of pixels (tiny dots on the computer screen)
58. Works of art that may be expressive, but generally have utilitarian purposes. This includes fiber arts, ceramics, metalsmithing, fabrics, furniture, basketry, etc.
59. A mural technique formed by placing colored pieces of marble or glass (tesserae), small stones, or ceramic tiles in a layer of adhesive material.

Across

8. Are made by mixing 2 primary colors this makes orange, violet, and green
11. Works of art that may be expressive, but generally have utilitarian purposes. This includes fiber arts, ceramics, metalsmithing, fabrics, furniture, basketry, etc
14. A horizontally drawn line that is even with the viewer’s eye. In landscape scenes it can be the actual horizon line, but it can be drawn in still life
16. A twentieth-century art movement developed mainly by Pocasso and Braque in which the subject matter is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an abstract form, emphasizing geometric shapes
17. Combinations of colors that are considered satisfying or that produce certain effects
20. An oriental method of beautiful handwriting
23. An area of education that provides programs in art production, art history, aesthetics, and art criticism for students in public school
25. A personal belief or impression that may be true for the individual but not for other people
26. Is an artist who plans the appearance and form of useful objects, such as computers, telephones, cars, toys, and kitchen appliances
27. The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes in the picture
29. Having height and width and depth
31. An illusion of movement, or implied movement, cause by the response of the eye to lines, shapes, and colors arranged in artworks
34. Are mixed from a primary color & secondary color that are next to each other on the color wheel
37. A technique of painting in which water-based pint is mixed or tempered with egg-yolk
38. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, using one vanishing point. One object faces the viewer; the lines defining other objects in the artwork recede at an angle to a single vanishing point on the horizon line.
39. Electronic art made up of pixels
40. – Balance, emphasis, proportion, pattern, rhythm.
43. another word for color
44. Colors that contrast with one another. They are opposite one another on the color wheel
51. Are lines that are real and can be seen
52. The materials, such as oil, watercolor, etc., used to create an artwork; or a category of art such as drawing, painting, or sculpture
53. Can describe empty or full areas that are far away or nearby and areas that are huge or small
54. A technique in which a design is incised in a plate of metal, wood, or plastic. A print is then made from the plate.
56. The things that are represented in an artwork, such as people, buildings, trees, etc
57. Are red, yellow, and orange
59. The artist uses crisp and clear lines and shapes to show close-up detail
60. – The diminishing of color intensity to lighter and duller hues to give the illusion of distance
62. Sometimes referred to as free form is irregular & uneven often found in nature
63. – A chalky, colored crayon consisting of pigment and adhesive gum. Also, paintings done with such crayons
64. A synthetic painting medium in which pigments are mixed with acrylic, a plastic emulsion that acts as a vehicle and a binder
66. Is the path of a point moving through space

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1. often called “free-form” they have irregular and uneven edges and, are often found in nature
2. A paint made from a mixture of colored pigment and linseed oil
3. A form of water- soluble paint used to create opacity
4. Is ceramic ware that is made from natural clay. It is soft, porous, and fired at low temperature
5. Objects made of clay and fired in a kiln to a permanent form. Ceramics are often decorated with glazes and fired again to fuse the glass to the clay body
6. Is a hue mixed with black to make a darker color value.
7. Are made of a series of diagonal lines moving in different directions
8. On the color wheel, a hue that is combined with hues on either side of its compliment
9. Are precise mathematical shapes, circles, squares, and triangles.
10. Runs up and down
12. Creating and producing apparel for every occasion
13. The sensory elements including line, shape form, color, value, space, and texture that are used to create artworks
15. A sphere, cube, and pyramid
18. The art of making photographs for fine art or commercial purposes
19. A condition in which the elements of an artwork appear to fit well together
21. Surfaces that are hollow or curved inward
22. Are colors which cannot be mixed from other colors, but from which other colors are made
24. Is a hue mixed with white to make a lighter color value
28. Surfaces that curve outwards
29. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, using two vanishing points and two sets of converging lines to represent forms. These forms are seen from an angle and have two receding sides. Two dimensions appear to recede: width and depth.
30. A likeness of a person, distorted by exaggerated features or mannerism
32. A technique of creating three-dimensional or relief sculpture by molding strips of paper soaked in glue or paste.
33. Also called simulated textures is the way a surface appears through the sense of vision
34. A career that involved planning space inside a house or building, including furnishings
35. Lines that are produced to express an idea, mood, or quality (for example, graceful, nervous, delicate, aggressive, etc.)
36. Is the special character of a line. For example light, dark, broken, curved
41. Is flat, 2-D area with height and width
42. It is a form of art that stresses the form of its subject rather than its actual appearance. The subject is broken down into art elements
45. An artist uses guidelines (horizon line and vanishing point) to position shapes to appear near or faraway
46. A mural technique formed by placing colored pieces of marble or glass (tesserae), small stones, or ceramic tiles in a layer of adhesive material
47. A person who makes artworks and is skilled in composing subject matter and the art elements with a variety of art materials and procedures
48. Artworks created in our own time
49. Implied lines suggested by the direction in which figures in a picture are looking, or from the observer’s eye to the object being looked at
50. An Artist may use color and value contrast to give a painting or drawing the appearance of texture as distinguished from the texture of the artwork itself
55. A gradual change from light to dark values this creates a 3-D effect
58. A twentieth century style in which artist sought to create an impression of movement by means of optical illusion
61. A furnace capable of controlled high temperatures used to fire ceramic ware and sculpture
65. An artist element with three properties: hue, value, and intensity

Across

2. works of art that may be expressive, but generally have utilitarian purposes. This includes fiber arts, ceramics, metalsmithing, fabrics, furniture basketry, etc.
3. Art is a form of art that stresses the form of its subject rather than its actual appearance. the subject is broken down into art element
6. are lines that are real and can be seen
8. A condition in which the elements of an artwork appear to fit well together.
9. shape Sometimes referred to as free-form is irregular and uneven often found in nature
10. A personal belief or impression that may be true for the individual but not for other people
11. surfaces that curve outwards.
12. A technique in which a design is incised in a plate of metal, wood, or plastic. A print is then made from the plate.
15. A Style of artwork developed in the twentieth century that expresses a definite or strong mood or feeling through simple designs and brilliant colors.
17. A form of water-soluble paint used to create opacity.
18. Art A twentieth-century style in which artist sought to create an impression on movement by means of optical illusion.
19. balance,emphasis,proportion,pattern,rhythm
24. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, using two vanishing points and two sets of converging lines to represent forms. these forms are seen from an angle and have two receding sides.two dimensions appear to recede:width and depth
27. A career tat involves planning space inside a house for building including furnishings.
28. A chalky, colored crayon consisting fo pigment and adhesive gum. also, painting done with such crayons.
29. the things that are represented in an artwork,such as people,buildings,trees,etc.
30. an area of education that provides programs in art production, art history, aesthetics, and art criticism for students in the public school
31. having height and width
32. two colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel, meaning they are in extreme contrast with each other
34. a twentieth-cenury art movement developed mainly by Pocasso and Braque in which the subject matter is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an abstract form, emphasizing geometric shapes.
35. is an artist who plans the apperance and form of useful object such as computers, telephones. cars toys and kitchen appliance.
37. is another work for color.
41. is a hue mixed with white to make a lighter color value
43. an oriental method of beautiful handful
44. the diminishing the color intensity to lighter and duller hues to give the illusion of distance
45. can describe empty or full areas that are far away or nearby and areas that are huge and small.
47. The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes the picture in.
48. colors which cannot be mixed from other colors,but from which other colors are made.
49. A furnace capable of controlled high temperatures used to fire ceramic ware and sculpture.
51. made by mixing two primary colors:this makes orange,violet,and green
53. a gradual change from light to dark values:this creates a 3-D effect.
55. A technique of creating three-dimensional or relief sculpture by molding strips of paper soaked in glue or paste.
57. Ceramic ware that is made from natural clay. It is soft, porous, and fired at low temperatures.
58. based paint A paint made from a mixture of colored pigment and linseed oil.
59. runs up and down

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1. an artist element with three properties:hue, value, and intensity
2. a likeness of a person, distorted by exaggerated features or mannerisms
4. texture
5. Design Creating and producing apparel for every occasion.
7. Art Artsworks created in our own time.
9. A way to show three-dimensional objects on a two-deminsional surface, using one vanishing point. One object faces the viewer the lines defining other objects in the artwork recede at an angle to a single vanishing point on the horizon line
11. ecronic art made up of pixel(tiny dots on the computer screen)
13. the sensory elements including line, shape form, color, value, space, and texture that are used to create artworks
14. Shape Are precise mathematical shapes, circles, squares and triangles.
16. The materials, such as oil, watercolor, etc used to create an artwork; or a category of art such as drawing,painting, or sculpture.
20. objects made of clay and fired in a kiln to a permanent form.ceramics are often decorated with glazes and fired again to fuse the glass to the clay body
21. quality Is the special character of a line. for example light, dark, broken, curve.
22. a synthetic painting medium in which pigments
23. A mural technique formed by placing colored pieces of marble or glass(tesserae), amall stones, or ceramic tiles in a layer or adhesive material.
25. on the color wheel,a hue that is combined with hues on either side of its complement.
26. that are hollow or curved inward
27. Are mixed from a primary color and secondary color that are next to each other on the color wheel.
33. Perspective An artist uses guidelines 9Horixon line and vanishing point) to position shape to appear near or faraway.
36. made of a series of diagonal lines moving in different directions
38. are red,yellow,and orange
39. a hue mixed with black to make a darker color value.
40. level A horizontally drawn line that is even with the viewers's eye. In landscape scenes it can be the actual horizon line, but it can be drawn in still life.
42. A technique of painting in which water-based print is mixed or tempered with egg-yolk
46. also called simulated texture is the way a surface appears through the sense of vision
48. The Art of making photographs for fine art or commercial purposes.
50. Movement An illusion of movement, or implied movement. caused by the response of the eye to lines, shapes, and colors arranged in artworks.
52. flat,2-D area with height and width.
54. The artist uses crisp and clear lines and shapes to show close up detail .
56. a person who makes artworks and is skilled in composing subject matter and the art elements with a variety of art materials and procedures

Across

2. If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president's signature.__veto
3. a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.
5. a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches
9. spending on certain programs that is required by existing law, such as with entitlement programs. A guarantee of access to benefits based on established rights or by legislation.___spending
10. A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process.Judicial___
12. a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill. ___spending
14. the Senate's presiding officer ___ of the senate
15. Strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party
16. Role played by elected representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue.___role
17. Role played by elected representatives who vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions.___role
20. determines the terms on which legislation reach the floor___committee
21. a doctrine in which judges are obligated to follow the precedents established in prior decisions.Stare___
22. The financial resources of the federal government. The individual income tax and Social Security tax are two major sources..
23. an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate___agreement
24. Authority of a court to hear and decide the issue in a particular case. Court___
27. Extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws.___ rule making authority
28. Formal constitutional authority of the president ti reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body thus preventing the bill from becoming law without further congressional activity.
30. Bureaucrats hired through a merit-based personnel system who have job protection___ servants
31. formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill.___ committee
34. the smaller upper assembly in the US Congress. Each state elects two senators for six-year terms.
36. The role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces of the United States and of the state National Guard units when they are called into federal service. ___ in chief
39. the trading of favors, or quid pro quo, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member.
40. the authority of the senate to ratify treaties, confirm cabinet, and judicial appts., a legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making. 12th Amendment. ___ and consent
41. The relationship between congress(especially Sub-Committees), Government agencies(Bureaucracy), and interest groups. This helps create policy in the United States and all 3 parts want to protect their own self interests.___ triangles
44. written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law.___statements
45. The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party
47. Established principle of judicial review (the Court's power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional). ___v. madison
48. An informal practice by which a senator informs his or her floor leader that he or she does not wish a particular bill or other measure to reach the floor for consideration.___hold
49. A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
51. An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions
53. has to do with the taxing and/or spending of the fed government, and the budget of the government___policy

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1. . a policy document that allocates burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
2. refers to cases in which an individual's stance on a given issue, policy, or person is more likely to be strictly defined by their identification with a particular political party
4. Role played by elected representatives who listen to constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make final decisions. ___role
6. the ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.power of the ___
7. Presiding officer of the House who also appoints rules committee, assigns bills to committees, may recommend leaders but cannot appoint. Also, he takes over as president in the case that the President and VP die. Speaker of the___
8. A senator may request unanimous consent on the floor to set aside a specified rule of procedure so as to expedite proceedings. ___Consent
11. The residents of a congressional district or state.
13. The efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific bureaucratic routines.Bureaucratic___
18. have their jobs for life unless impeached, retired, or dead. jurisdiction. ability to hear a case. appellate vs. original jurisdiction.___independence
19. the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times an individual is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents___amendment
25. The only procedure by which the Senate can vote to place a time limit on consideration of a bill or other matter, and thereby overcome a filibuster.
26. A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures.Judicial___
29. policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X levels of benefits to Y number of recipients. Social Security benefits are an example
32. discusses the power of judicial review. It argues that the federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency. Hamilton viewed this as a protection against abuse of power by Congress.federalist___
33. the official representative of the US government to another country. ___and diplomats
34. Alexander Hamilton argues for a strong executive leader, as provided for by the Constitution, as opposed to the weak executive under the Articles of Confederation. He asserts, “energy in the executive is the leading character in the definition of good government.federalist___
35. egulating the money supply, controlling inflation/deflation, adjusting the interest rates to regulate the economy, the cost of money, and adjusting the band reserve requirements. ___policy
37. Those that rule are chosen on the principle of merit.
38. One party controls the White House, and another controls one or both houses of Congress___government
42. A policy making alliance among loosely connected participants that comes together on a particular issue, then disbands.issue___
43. a means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee ___petition
46. the president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public___pulpit
50. government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.pork___ spending
52. elected by the people, proportionate to the amount of citizens

Across

2. If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president's signature.__veto
3. a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.
5. a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches
9. spending on certain programs that is required by existing law, such as with entitlement programs. A guarantee of access to benefits based on established rights or by legislation.___spending
10. A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process.Judicial___
12. a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill. ___spending
14. the Senate's presiding officer ___ of the senate
15. Strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party
16. Role played by elected representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue.___role
17. Role played by elected representatives who vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions.___role
20. determines the terms on which legislation reach the floor___committee
21. a doctrine in which judges are obligated to follow the precedents established in prior decisions.Stare___
22. The financial resources of the federal government. The individual income tax and Social Security tax are two major sources..
23. an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate___agreement
24. Authority of a court to hear and decide the issue in a particular case. Court___
27. Extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws.___ rule making authority
28. Formal constitutional authority of the president ti reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body thus preventing the bill from becoming law without further congressional activity.
30. Bureaucrats hired through a merit-based personnel system who have job protection___ servants
31. formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill.___ committee
34. the smaller upper assembly in the US Congress. Each state elects two senators for six-year terms.
36. The role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces of the United States and of the state National Guard units when they are called into federal service. ___ in chief
39. the trading of favors, or quid pro quo, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member.
40. the authority of the senate to ratify treaties, confirm cabinet, and judicial appts., a legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making. 12th Amendment. ___ and consent
41. The relationship between congress(especially Sub-Committees), Government agencies(Bureaucracy), and interest groups. This helps create policy in the United States and all 3 parts want to protect their own self interests.___ triangles
44. written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law.___statements
45. The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party
47. Established principle of judicial review (the Court's power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional). ___v. madison
48. An informal practice by which a senator informs his or her floor leader that he or she does not wish a particular bill or other measure to reach the floor for consideration.___hold
49. A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
51. An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions
53. has to do with the taxing and/or spending of the fed government, and the budget of the government___policy

Down

1. . a policy document that allocates burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
2. refers to cases in which an individual's stance on a given issue, policy, or person is more likely to be strictly defined by their identification with a particular political party
4. Role played by elected representatives who listen to constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make final decisions. ___role
6. the ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.power of the ___
7. Presiding officer of the House who also appoints rules committee, assigns bills to committees, may recommend leaders but cannot appoint. Also, he takes over as president in the case that the President and VP die. Speaker of the___
8. A senator may request unanimous consent on the floor to set aside a specified rule of procedure so as to expedite proceedings. ___Consent
11. The residents of a congressional district or state.
13. The efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific bureaucratic routines.Bureaucratic___
18. have their jobs for life unless impeached, retired, or dead. jurisdiction. ability to hear a case. appellate vs. original jurisdiction.___independence
19. the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times an individual is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents___amendment
25. The only procedure by which the Senate can vote to place a time limit on consideration of a bill or other matter, and thereby overcome a filibuster.
26. A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures.Judicial___
29. policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X levels of benefits to Y number of recipients. Social Security benefits are an example
32. discusses the power of judicial review. It argues that the federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency. Hamilton viewed this as a protection against abuse of power by Congress.federalist___
33. the official representative of the US government to another country. ___and diplomats
34. Alexander Hamilton argues for a strong executive leader, as provided for by the Constitution, as opposed to the weak executive under the Articles of Confederation. He asserts, “energy in the executive is the leading character in the definition of good government.federalist___
35. egulating the money supply, controlling inflation/deflation, adjusting the interest rates to regulate the economy, the cost of money, and adjusting the band reserve requirements. ___policy
37. Those that rule are chosen on the principle of merit.
38. One party controls the White House, and another controls one or both houses of Congress___government
42. A policy making alliance among loosely connected participants that comes together on a particular issue, then disbands.issue___
43. a means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee ___petition
46. the president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public___pulpit
50. government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.pork___ spending
52. elected by the people, proportionate to the amount of citizens

Across

2. A conspicuous obstacle, such as a firmly secured rope or ribbon that completely surrounds an area and obstructs inadvertent entry.
4. A card allowing release of an individual from the RCA, but not from the protected area, who cannot clear an automated personnel monitor.
6. That part of the body including the head, chest, back, gonads, arms above the elbows, and legs above the knees.
7. An infrequent exposure to radiation, separate from and in addition to, the annual dose limits.
10. The sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs of tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose guarantee to the organs or tissues.
12. Any identified sealed enclosure (i.e., closed by normal means of closure) such as bags, boxes, crates, or drums designed to hold radioactive material or equipment and prevent the spread of contamination.
15. curies, energy in MeV, photon yield %
16. Acronym for RP response during a radioactive spill
20. To limit access to an area or equipment by means of erecting a barrier that prevents inadvertent access.
21. A card allowing conditional release of an individual from plant site who cannot clear an automated personnel monitor
23. Effective Dose Equivalent External
25. Any area to which access is controlled for the protection of individuals from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
27. _____ and Feed Water system provides dependable, high-quality supply of makeup water to the reactor.
29. A check (often qualitative) to determine that an instrument is operational and capable of performing its intended function.
32. Individual monitoring devices issued to and worn by a single individual for assessment of dose equivalent
33. A person who authorizes entry into primary containment during reactor power operations.
39. Part of a valve that mates with the body and supports the stem, disk and actuator
41. The dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual's assigned duties involve exposure to radiation or to radioactive material from licensed sources of radiation.
45. model of instrument sensitive to beta and alpha radiation; used for personnel
46. "If the calculated sum of the ___ is greater than or equal to 1.0 then Part 37 applies."
49. The quantity of material that enters the body fluids from the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through the skin.
50. A conspicuous obstacle that blocks or is intended to block passage.
53. Whole body dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1,000 mg/cm²).
54. Underwater GM detector
55. Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation
56. In gamma spec; centerline of the peak
57. Energy stored in an object
59. a medium which will stop or effectively attenuate radiation
62. Region in which if voltage increases there is no increase in pulse height
65. An area where the majority of the area has removable surface contamination equal to or greater than 100,000 dpm/100cm² beta-gamma.
67. A general term used to denote air samples taken over a short time span to determine peak air concentrations.
69. reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei
70. record that provides evidence of business-related activities
72. used for large area smears
74. Scintillation detectors are good at detecting this type of radiation
75. EDE+CEDE
76. maximum quantity of hazardous material for which there is specific labeling or packaging exception
77. System that further reduces activity levels or gaseous waste
78. An examination of the structure of materials by non destructive methods, utilizing ionizing radiation.
80. Quantity that relates to the activity levels in which leak testing of a source is not required

Down

1. Stop, think, act, review
3. collected, typically on charcoal filters
5. to "clean up" contamination
7. Solving for length of right triangles
8. Neutron ____ occurs when a nuclide decays and ejects a neutron
9. The sum of the products of the tissue or organ weighting factors from 10CFR20, and the dose to the corresponding body tissues and organs resulting from the exposure to radiation sources external to the body.
11. Any work item added to the schedule after the scope for the Work Week has been frozen (T-2).
13. One type of continuous coverage; using telemetry
14. An evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release, disposal, or presence of radioactive material or other sources of radiation.
17. Dose rate measurement taken by placing the detector housing on the surface being measured.
18. Health effects that occur randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold.
19. Inheritable change produced by the absorption of ionizing radiation
22. The concentration of a given radionuclide in air which, if breathed by the reference man for a working year of 2,000 hours under conditions of light work, results in an intake of 1 ALI.
24. System that maintains reactor water purity to limit chemical and corrosive action
26. Mid-energy photon interaction
28. Hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg below the knee.
30. Same number of protons
31. 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
34. The smallest quantity of radioactivity that could be distinguished from the blank under specified conditions.
35. A calculated time an individual may work in an area of a given dose rate without exceeding a predetermined dose.
36. An established line beyond which exposure to radiation and/or radioactive material would occur
37. A qualitative contamination survey performed by wiping a large area and monitoring the survey media with a frisker survey instrument.
38. A type of gamma spectroscopy analysis representing an accurate determination of radionuclides present.
40. Minimum cubic foot required for alpha air sample
42. A device for real-time monitoring of airborne radioactivity concentrations designed to alert workers of significant increases in airborne radioactivity.
43. An area designated to minimize exposure to personnel where significant exposure savings may be realized.
44. __ work authority is the right and responsibility of all employees at CNS.
46. A permit that controls work tasks that have minimal radiological risk.
47. In EDEX; weighting factor is .10 for this body location
48. In semi-conductors; the ____ band is the lower band of allowed states.
51. An area within the restricted area posted in accordance with procedures for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
52. Significant Operating Experience Report
55. annual limit on intake
58. type of contamination monitor sensitive only to gamma radiation; used for items
60. Regulates the transportation of radioactive materials
61. Determination of the kind, quantity, concentration, and/or location of radioactive material in the human body via excreta removed from the body (i.e., in vitro bioassay) or counting equipment calibrated for external monitoring of internal radioisotope concentrations (i.e., in vivo bioassay
62. Dry Cask Storage
63. As low as reasonably achievable
64. Minimizes IGSCC
66. Radioactivity that enters the body through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or the skin.
68. An area in which licensed radioactive material in an amount exceeding 10 times the quantity specified in Appendix C, 10CFR20, is used or stored.
71. "Risky" attitude; not taking extra steps to obtain more information
73. Those areas controlled by Radiation Protection via radiological postings that are not defined as part of the RCA.
79. System used for emergency core cooling for small and intermediate line breaks

Across

1. Any writing system that uses pictures to represent words or ideas (Chinese and Hieroglyphics are examples)
3. Extra food from farming
7. Greek poet known for the Iliad and the Odyssey
8. Invaders who came to India through a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush and brought the Vedas and the caste system
9. One family that rules for several generations
12. Dividing government responsibilities among different state officials, such as the satraps in Persia.
13. The Hindu and Buddhist belief that a person’s soul is reborn into another person after they die
16. Old Stone Age when humans invented simple tools, fire, hunting/gathering, and oral language
17. A government ruled by a few or a small group. Sparta had one.
20. Persian king who ended the Jewish Exile
21. A man-made object from the past
24. King of the Gods
26. The Hindu and Buddhist belief that good and bad deeds have future consequences
30. Egyptian paper made from reeds in the Nile delta
31. The ultimate goal of Hinduism that is the end of the caste system and reincarnation
32. Macedonian king who conquered Greece after the Peloponnesian war. Alexander's father.
33. Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon.
34. Rich soil that is left behind after a river floods
36. An archaeological site in England that started in the Neolithic Age and ended in the Bronze Age
38. A Greek city-state known for its militaristic society, located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula.
39. Greek god of the Sun
40. Belief in one god
41. Period when metal was first used by humans and writing was invented, ending “Prehistory”
43. Chinese belief in humility, a simple life, and harmony with nature
44. Chinese navigational invention that told people which way was North
46. Religion started by Siddhartha Gautama that teaches the 4 Noble Truths and 8-fold path
49. Greek mathematician best known for his geometric theorem for right triangles
50. Pyramid-shaped Sumerian temple
51. Greek city-state, located on the Balkan Peninsula, known for its focus on literature and education.
54. The pattern of rise and fall of one ruling family after another in China
55. Mauryan Emperor who spread Buddhism, built roads, and created free hospitals and veterinary clinics
58. Culture created by Alexander the Great which included a blend of Greek culture with Persian and Asian elements.
61. Spartan slaves who did all of the farming
62. The tombs of the Old Kingdom pharaohs in Egypt
64. The area of rich farmland that includes Mesopotamia, the Jordan Valley, and the Nile Valley
66. Queen of the Gods and Zues' wife. Known for her jealousy.
71. Philosopher credited with the Scientific Method and for tutoring Alexander the Great. His teacher was Plato.
73. Only method of getting food in the Paleolithic Era
78. New Stone Age when human invented agriculture, domestication, weaving and pottery
80. Hebrew leader who received the Ten Commandments, and led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt
81. The belief in many gods
82. Persian religion that had a good god and an evil god.
83. Athens and Sparta fought against each other, Sparta won, but they were both weakened.
85. A chain of islands, such as Japan
86. Greek scientist and father of medicine. Doctors today take an oath named after him.
94. Father of the Hebrew people. Considered the founder of Judaism.
95. Time before writing
96. Undefeated general who conquered Persia and spread Greek culture. Conquered the Persian Empire
97. Polytheistic religion that started in India and is still India’s #1 religion
98. The world’s first written law code. Written in cuneiform and includes “and eye for an eye”
99. Farming
100. Built by Qin Shi Huangdi to defend against invaders from the north
101. Moral and religious law code of the Hebrews that was given to Moses
102. Government in which the rich people rule.

Down

1. Alliance formed between Sparta and other city-states
2. Government ruled by one person
4. Philosopher who was known for asking questions and who drank poison after being condemned for corrupting the youth of Greece.
5. The idea that Chinese kings were given the right to rule by the gods
6. A King in ancient Egypt
10. Requiring people to pass an exam to qualify for jobs in the government bureaucracy
11. Founded Buddhism and became known as the Buddha
14. Remains of something that used to be living
15. The practice of passing leadership down through a family (usually father to son)
18. Egyptian writing system
19. Athens and its allied city-states
22. Teachings of Buddhism: 1.Life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3.To end suffering, end desire 4. To end desire, follow the 8-fold path
23. Famous temple in Greece, located on the acropolis in Athens with a statue of Athena inside.
25. a group of nations under one government or ruler
27. Trade routes that carried silk, porcelain, and paper from China all the way to Rome
28. The area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
29. World’s oldest work of literature. Written in cuneiform.
33. Scientist who studies past cultures by analyzing artifacts and fossils
35. Indian epic poem about Aryan invasions written during the Gupta Empire
37. Chinese belief that included ancestor worship, education, and a code of politeness
42. Followers of Judaism
45. An independent city that rules itself like a country
47. Holy writings of Judaism
48. The earliest Hindu holy writings, brought by Aryans
52. Metal made of tin and copper. It ended the Stone Age and began the Bronze Age
53. Greek ruler known for extending democracy in Athens and building the Parthenon during Greece’s golden age
56. Chinese invention that used wooden stamps and ink to copy words onto cloth or paper
57. Government where the person in charge obtained power illegally, usually with the support of the poor, leadership is not hereditary.
59. Symbol that represents opposites in balance for Confucianism and Taoism
60. Battle in the Persian war where Athens won and Pheidippides ran news of victory approximately 26 miles to Athens.
63. Japanese ethnic religion that included worship of nature spirits, ancestors, and the Japanese Emperor
65. Type of government in Athens in which all citizens voted on the laws and major government decisions.
67. Athens and Sparta were allies against a common enemy for control of the Aegean Sea. Greece won.
68. The wedge-shaped writing of the Sumerians
69. Greek sculptor who sculpted the statute of Athena inside the Parthenon.
70. Rigid social system of in Hinduism that determined a person’s occupation
72. A system of ditches that brings water from a river to fields of crops
74. Scientific name for humans that means “wise man”
75. The monotheistic religion of the Hebrew people
76. Philosopher who was tutored by Socrates and who wrote the Republic (which described a perfect government).
77. The list of things Buddha said a person must have “right” to end suffering and reach enlightenment
79. The Persian War was fought partly over control of this sea
84. The ultimate goal of Buddhism that is the end of desire and reincarnation
87. Greek goddess of love and beauty
88. Government rule by religious leader(s)
89. Goddess of wisdom.
90. Free adult males in Greek city states. In Athens they could vote.
91. Person who moves in search of food
92. Invented by the Phoenicians and used symbols to represent sounds
93. Greek culture

Across

2. If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president's signature.__veto
3. a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.
5. a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches
9. spending on certain programs that is required by existing law, such as with entitlement programs. A guarantee of access to benefits based on established rights or by legislation.___spending
10. A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process.Judicial___
12. a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill. ___spending
14. the Senate's presiding officer ___ of the senate
15. Strong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party
16. Role played by elected representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue.___role
17. Role played by elected representatives who vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions.___role
20. determines the terms on which legislation reach the floor___committee
21. a doctrine in which judges are obligated to follow the precedents established in prior decisions.Stare___
22. The financial resources of the federal government. The individual income tax and Social Security tax are two major sources..
23. an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate___agreement
24. Authority of a court to hear and decide the issue in a particular case. Court___
27. Extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws.___ rule making authority
28. Formal constitutional authority of the president ti reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body thus preventing the bill from becoming law without further congressional activity.
30. Bureaucrats hired through a merit-based personnel system who have job protection___ servants
31. formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill.___ committee
34. the smaller upper assembly in the US Congress. Each state elects two senators for six-year terms.
36. The role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces of the United States and of the state National Guard units when they are called into federal service. ___ in chief
39. the trading of favors, or quid pro quo, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member.
40. the authority of the senate to ratify treaties, confirm cabinet, and judicial appts., a legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making. 12th Amendment. ___ and consent
41. The relationship between congress(especially Sub-Committees), Government agencies(Bureaucracy), and interest groups. This helps create policy in the United States and all 3 parts want to protect their own self interests.___ triangles
44. written pronouncement issued by the President of the United States upon the signing of a bill into law.___statements
45. The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party
47. Established principle of judicial review (the Court's power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional). ___v. madison
48. An informal practice by which a senator informs his or her floor leader that he or she does not wish a particular bill or other measure to reach the floor for consideration.___hold
49. A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
51. An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions
53. has to do with the taxing and/or spending of the fed government, and the budget of the government___policy

Down

1. . a policy document that allocates burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
2. refers to cases in which an individual's stance on a given issue, policy, or person is more likely to be strictly defined by their identification with a particular political party
4. Role played by elected representatives who listen to constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make final decisions. ___role
6. the ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.power of the ___
7. Presiding officer of the House who also appoints rules committee, assigns bills to committees, may recommend leaders but cannot appoint. Also, he takes over as president in the case that the President and VP die. Speaker of the___
8. A senator may request unanimous consent on the floor to set aside a specified rule of procedure so as to expedite proceedings. ___Consent
11. The residents of a congressional district or state.
13. The efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific bureaucratic routines.Bureaucratic___
18. have their jobs for life unless impeached, retired, or dead. jurisdiction. ability to hear a case. appellate vs. original jurisdiction.___independence
19. the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times an individual is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents___amendment
25. The only procedure by which the Senate can vote to place a time limit on consideration of a bill or other matter, and thereby overcome a filibuster.
26. A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures.Judicial___
29. policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X levels of benefits to Y number of recipients. Social Security benefits are an example
32. discusses the power of judicial review. It argues that the federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency. Hamilton viewed this as a protection against abuse of power by Congress.federalist___
33. the official representative of the US government to another country. ___and diplomats
34. Alexander Hamilton argues for a strong executive leader, as provided for by the Constitution, as opposed to the weak executive under the Articles of Confederation. He asserts, “energy in the executive is the leading character in the definition of good government.federalist___
35. egulating the money supply, controlling inflation/deflation, adjusting the interest rates to regulate the economy, the cost of money, and adjusting the band reserve requirements. ___policy
37. Those that rule are chosen on the principle of merit.
38. One party controls the White House, and another controls one or both houses of Congress___government
42. A policy making alliance among loosely connected participants that comes together on a particular issue, then disbands.issue___
43. a means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee ___petition
46. the president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public___pulpit
50. government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.pork___ spending
52. elected by the people, proportionate to the amount of citizens

Across

7. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
10. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
11. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
12. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
13. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
14. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
15. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
19. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
23. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
24. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)
25. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
27. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
31. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
32. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
33. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
34. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
35. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)

Down

1. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
2. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)
3. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
4. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
5. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
6. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
8. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
9. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
16. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
17. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
18. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
20. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
22. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
26. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
29. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
30. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)

Across

7. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
10. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
11. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
12. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
13. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
14. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
15. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
19. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
23. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
24. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)
25. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
27. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
31. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
32. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
33. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
34. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
35. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)

Down

1. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
2. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)
3. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
4. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
5. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
6. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
8. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
9. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
16. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
17. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
18. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
20. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
22. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
26. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
29. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
30. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)

Across

4. a number by which two given numbers can be divided by integer division, and produce the same remainder, e.g. 38 ÷ 12 = 3 remainder 2, and 26 ÷ 12 = 2 remainder 2, therefore 38 and 26 are congruent modulo 12, or (38 ≡ 26) mod 12
7. the number of elements in a mathematical set; denotes a quantity but not the order (cardinal number)
9. a mathematical statement or hypothesis which has been proved on the basis of previously established theorems and previously accepted axioms, effectively the proof of the truth of a statement or expression
10. a number that will divide into another number exactly, e.g. the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5
16. a branch of mathematics that uses symbols or letters to represent variables, values or numbers, which can then be used to express operations and relationships and to solve equations
20. a measure of relationship between two variables or sets of data, a positive correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase or decrease as the other does, and a negative correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase as the other decreases and vice versa
21. the branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the sides and the angles of right triangles, and deals with and with the trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent and their reciprocals)
22. the steepness or incline of a line, determined by reference to two points on the line, e.g. the slope of the line y = mx + b is m, and represents the rate at which y is changing per unit of change in x
24. the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians
29. whole numbers, both positive (natural numbers) and negative, including zero
32. the mathematical operation where a number (the base) is multiplied by itself a specified number of times (the exponent), usually written as a superscript an, where a is the base and n is the exponent, e.g. 43 = 4 x 4 x 4
33. the number midway between the two middle numbers in a series containing an even or odd number of items
36. an algebraic equation with 3 terms, e.g. 3x + 5y + 8z; 3x3 + 2x2 + x; etc
40. a particular ordering of a set of objects, e.g. given the set {1, 2, 3}, there are six permutations: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 2}, and {3, 2, 1}
42. a type of conic section curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed focus point and a fixed straight line
43. an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n
44. a relation or correspondence between two sets in which one element of the second (codomain or range) set ƒ(x) is assigned to each element of the first (domain) set x, e.g. ƒ(x) = x2 or y = x2 assigns a value to ƒ(x) or y based on the square of each value of x
46. a flat two-dimensional surface (physical or theoretical) with infinite width and length, zero thickness and zero curvature
47. the part of mathematics concerned with the size, shape and relative position of figures, or the study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties
48. the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
49. an algebraic expression consisting of a single term (although that term could be an exponent), e.g. y = 7x, y = 2x3

Down

1. a parallelogram with four equal sides; an oblique-angled equilateral parallelogram
2. a rule or equation describing the relationship of two or more variables or quantities, e.g. A = πr2
3. a subsidiary collection of objects that all belong to, or is contained in, an original given set, e.g. subsets of {a, b} could include: {a}, {b}, {a, b} and {}
5. an algebraic expression or equation with more than one term, constructed from variables and constants using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and non-negative whole-number exponents, e.g. 5x2 - 4x + 4y + 7
6. a self-similar geometric shape (one that appears similar at all levels of magnification) produced by an equation that undergoes repeated iterative steps or recursion
8. A logistic function or graph of a logistic curve
11. in an algebraic expression or equation, either a single number or variable, or the product of several numbers and variables separated from another term by a + or - sign, e.g. in the expression 3 + 4x + 5yzw, the 3, the 4x and the 5yzw are all separate terms
12. a smooth symmetrical curve with two branches produced by the section of a conical surface
13. the part of mathematics that studies quantity, especially as the result of combining numbers (as opposed to variables) using the traditional operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (the more advanced manipulation of numbers is usually known as number theory)
14. a collection of distinct objects or numbers, without regard to their order, considered as an object in its own right
15. the product of all the consecutive integers up to a given number (used to give the number of permutations of a set of objects), denoted by n!, e.g. 5! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120
17. the inverse operation to exponentiation, the exponent of a power to which a base (usually 10 or e for natural logarithms) must be raised to produce a given number, e.g. because 1,000 = 103, the log10 100 = 3
18. the operation in calculus (inverse to the operation of integration) of finding the derivative of a function or equation
19. calculation of the value of a function between the values already known
23. a quantity or set of numbers without bound, limit or end, whether countably infinite like the set of integers, or uncountably infinite like the set of real numbers (represented by the symbol ∞)
25. a number which, when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity 1, and can therefore be thought of as the inverse of multiplication, e.g. the reciprocal of x is 1⁄x, the reciprocal of 3⁄5 is 5⁄3
26. a physical quantity having magnitude and direction, represented by a directed arrow indicating its orientation in space
27. the factors of the terms (i.e. the numbers in front of the letters) in a mathematical expression or equation, e.g. in the expression 4x + 5y2 + 3z, the coefficients for x, y2 and z are 4, 5 and 3 respectively
28. a polynomial algebraic expression or equation with just two terms, e.g. 2x3 - 3y = 7; x2 + 4x; etc
30. the most frequent value of a random variable
31. a way of writing rational numbers (numbers that are not whole numbers), also used to represent ratios or division, in the form of a numerator over a denominator, e.g. 3⁄5 (a unit fraction is a fraction whose numerator is 1)
34. the ordered pair that gives the location or position of a point on a coordinate plane, determined by the point’s distance from the x and y axes, e.g. (2, 3.7) or (-5, 4)
35. the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, an irrational (and transcendental) number approximately equal to 3.141593...
37. two geometrical figures are congruent to one another if they have the same size and shape, and so one can be transformed into the other by a combination of translation, rotation and reflection
38. a mathematical structure consisting of a set together with an operation that combines any two of its elements to form a third element, e.g. the set of integers and the addition operation form a group
39. an ordered set whose elements are usually determined based on some function of the counting numbers, e.g. a geometric sequence is a set where each element is a multiple of the previous element; an arithmetic sequence is a set where each element is the previous element plus or minus a number
41. a step by step procedure by which an operation can be carried out
45. a member of, or an object in, a set
50. a proposition that is not actually proved or demonstrated, but is considered to be self-evident and universally accepted as a starting point for deducing and inferring other truths and theorems, without any need of proof

Across

2. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
7. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
12. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
15. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
18. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
19. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
20. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
23. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
24. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
25. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
27. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
29. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
31. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
32. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
34. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
35. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)

Down

1. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
3. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
4. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
5. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
6. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
8. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
9. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
10. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
11. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)
13. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
14. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
16. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
17. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
22. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
26. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
30. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
33. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)

Across

7. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
10. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
11. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
12. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
13. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
14. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
15. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
19. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
23. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
24. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)
25. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
27. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
31. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
32. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
33. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
34. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
35. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)

Down

1. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
2. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)
3. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
4. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
5. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
6. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
8. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
9. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
16. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
17. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
18. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
20. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
22. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
26. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
29. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
30. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)

Across

2. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
7. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
12. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
15. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
18. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
19. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
20. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
23. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
24. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
25. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
27. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
29. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
31. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
32. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
34. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
35. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)

Down

1. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
3. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
4. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
5. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
6. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
8. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
9. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
10. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
11. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)
13. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
14. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
16. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
17. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
22. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
26. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
30. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
33. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)

Across

7. The hierarchical division of people into groups based on patterns such as economic status… This term relates to human geography because much of human geographical patterns revolve around the division of people into groups, and this is a large factor in many historical and important events. (2, IDK)
10. When a group is dispersed across multiple locations. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand diffusion and how cultures and peoples spread across the world. (3, IDK)
11. geographic area that is defined by the common perceptions, experiences, and cultural identity of the people who live within the region or outside of it. This relates to human geography because it is a way that areas are classified or identified based on the human perception of the geographic region which is one of the main points of human geography. (1, CC)
12. When geographers organize data into different scales. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to better understand the scale of the region and its characteristics. (1, IDK)
13. A group of people who have certain things in common. This relates to human geography because people grouping together with a reason to do something is what causes almost every political agenda, process, and policy. (4, CC)
14. regions that have large numbers of closed factories. This relates to human geography because they show the progression and changes of industry over the course of many years. (7, IDK)
15. An area of economic growth outside of the business district. This relates to human geography because they can help to understand urban growth and how urban areas develop in the outskirts of a city. (6, CC)
19. Refers to human characteristics of location. This word represents human geography as a whole, as its meaning is the human characteristics of a geographic location which is exactly what we learn about in the class. (1, VIT)
21. A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own. This relates to human geography because it is the main reason that governments and their peoples want to do many of the actions that they do, to maintain their state or gain power for their state and many political patterns can be traced back to it. (4, VIT)
23. A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural element but are divided by a national boundary. This relates to human geography because it can be a large centrifugal force in countries, influencing national boundaries, wars, and other processes. (4, IDK)
24. the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. This relates to human geography because most of the events from history and modern times all relate and or take place on it. (6, IDK)
25. When salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. This relates to human geography because it can influence crop yields, which influence the amount of food available, and can have impacts on many aspects of society. (5, IDK)
27. the first group to create cultural and religious customs in a place. This relates to human geography because many geographers often study cultures and try to find the root of the cultural practices and traditions. (3, IDK)
28. A pidgin language with more advanced vocabulary. This relates to human geography because it can represent how over time 2 cultures can mix into an entirely new culture and language, with their own advanced dialects. (3, CC)
31. Vertical axis on population pyramid showing age groups. This relates to human geography because it is one of the ways that people are organized by age and gender to help to better understand human geography. (2, IDK)
32. companies moving back-offices to other countries. This relates to human geography because it can help show least-cost theory, and locational triangles by being an example of companies moving workers to where it is cheaper. (7, CC)
33. The largest political unit, the formal term for a country. This relates to human geography because they are the entities with the most power of any other groups of people, and therefore they and their governments are what almost all of the political processes in the world. (4, CC)
34. The pattern of human settlement or spread of people across the earth. This relates to human geography because it helps geographers to understand why the populations and densities of people are where they are, and to better understand migration and its patterns. (2, VIT)
35. an area with a permanent human population. This relates to human geography because these areas can be studied to better understand why people live there and how they got there. (6, VIT)

Down

1. Support for the political interests of a particular ethnic group within a state. This relates to human geography as it can cause many political consequences, igniting many movements, laws, and others. (4, IDK)
2. A simplified mixture of 2 or more languages. This relates to human geography because pidgin languages can be studied to see where and how languages and new cultures develop. (3, CC)
3. Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. This is important to human geography because this can influence how far food can be transported and influences settlement patterns and the location of the farms. (5, IDK)
4. patterns of farming homes spread throughout the countryside. This relates to human geography because the location and spread of food production across a region has a large impact on the settlement and development of the area. (5, CC)
5. The widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show how diseases spread across populations, and it can help understand what stage of the DTM a country is in based on the effects of the illness. (2, CC)
6. Higher population and opportunity leads to more variation. This relates to human geography because it can help to explain why people spread the way that they do, and why different ethnicities and cultures are where they are. (6, IDK)
8. Residential areas near cities. This relates to human geography because by knowing how they developed, you can better understand urban growth, migration patterns… (6, CC)
9. A group learning behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. This relates to human geography because it is one of the main things human geographers study when they are looking at a region, community, or country, and it is a cause for many events. (3, VIT)
16. the process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. This relates to human geography because it influences globalization and the increased age of technology. (7, VIT)
17. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. This relates to human geography because it can show the effects of illness on a community, and the spread of sickness throughout a community. (2, CC)
18. pattern where buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water. This relates to human geography because food production being close to water has a large impact on the development of settlements and cities around it. (5, CC)
20. Geographic areas defined by a specific function or activity that occurs within them. This relates to human geography because it is another way that geographic regions are classified and studied. (1, CC)
22. matching patterns of distribution. This relates to human geography as it helps geographers to understand the relationships between the regions or areas within the regions they are studying. (1, IDK)
26. can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how goods are spread around the globe, and how that affects globalization. (7, IDK)
29. The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade. This relates to human geography because food has a massive impact on growth and settlement patterns, war, among other things. (5, VIT)
30. contracting to non-company workers. This relates to human geography because it can help to understand how large corporations function,least cost theory and globalization. (7, CC)

Across

1. Earth, stone or other material used to raise the ground level, form an embankment or fill the inside of an abutment, pier or closed spandrel.
5. A pipe or channel, open or enclosed, which carries water. May also be used as part of a canal to carry boats. Sometimes carried by a bridge.
7. The enlarged part of a beam near its supported ends which results in increased strength; visible as the curved or angled bottom edge of a beam.
9. A monumental vertical structure marking the entrance to a bridge or forming part of a gateway.
10. The enlarged lower portion of the substructure or foundation which rests directly on the soil, bedrock, or piles; usually below grade and not visible.
11. A compressive member.
12. Extensions of a retaining wall as part of an abutment; used to contain the fill of an approach embankment
17. Adding strength or bearing capacity to a structural member. Examples include the placing of metal rebar into forms before pouring concrete, or attaching gusset plates at the intersection of multiple members of a truss.
18. The surface which receives the vertical weight at the bottom of an arch.
22. A metal arch bridge which features a curved truss.
23. A decorative railing, especially one constructed of concrete or stone, including the top and bottom rail and the vertical supports called ballusters. May also include larger vertical supports called stanchions.
26. A movable deck bridge which opens by rotating horizontally on an axis. Compare to bascule bridge and vertical lift bridge.
29. A horizontal structure member supporting vertical loads by resisting bending. A girder is a larger beam, especially when made of multiple plates. Deeper, longer members are created by using trusses.
30. Members used to stabilize a structure by introducing diagonal connections.
31. A truss having a curved top chord and straight bottom chord meeting at each end, especially when there are more than one used end to end. Compare to Baltimore truss and Pennsylvania truss.
32. A structural member which does not extend the full height of others around it and does not carry as much load.
33. Part of a bridge substructure. A rigid frame commonly made of reinforced concrete or steel which supports a vertical load and is placed transverse to the length of a structure. Bents are commonly used to support beams and girders. An end bent is the supporting frame forming part of an abutment.
34. The outer exposed curve of an arch; defines the lower arc of a spandrel.
36. A structural member which projects beyond a supporting column or wall and is counterbalanced and/or supported at only one end.
39. A tension member of a truss.
40. A truss having a curved top chord and straight bottom chord meeting at each end.
41. Angled grading of the ground.
44. A steel beam fabricated by making a zig-zag cut along its web, then welding the two sides together at their peaks. This creates a beam which has increased depth and therefore greater strength, but is not increased in weight.
45. The interior arc of an arch.
47. A beam aligned with the length of a span which supports the deck.
49. The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch.
54. An enclosing structure formed by building a series of adjacent arches.
55. A low wall along the outside edge of a bridge deck used to protect vehicles and pedestrians.
61. A vertical structure which supports the ends of a multi-span superstructure at a location between abutments. Also see column and pile.
63. Crosspieces used to connect the ribs in centering.
64. A superstructure which extends as one piece over multiple supports.
65. An outer course of stone forming the arch. Made of a series of voussoirs. An archivolt is an arch ring with decorating moldings.
66. A movable deck bridge in which the deck may be raised vertically by synchronized machinery at each end. Compare to swing bridge and vertical lift bridge.
68. A structural member having a long body and an enlarged head at each end. Each head has a hole though which a pin is inserted to connect to other members.
69. A long column driven deep into the ground to form part of a foundation or substructure. Also see column and pier.
71. A curved structure which supports a vertical load mainly by axial compression.
72. A type of truss in which vertical web members inclined to form equilateral triangles. May be be recognized by diagonal members which appear to form a series of alternating "V" and "A" shapes (without the crossbar) along the length of the truss when viewed in profile. Often the triangles are bisected by vertical members to reduce the length of the members of the top chord. Compare to Pratt truss and Howe truss.
73. Located at the outermost end, it counterbalances the arm of span extending in the opposite direction from a major point of support. Often attached to an abutment.
74. A facing of masonry or stones to protect an embankment from erosion.
76. A long, multi-span structure, especially one constructed of concrete. More commonly used in relation to structures carrying motor vehicles.
78. A device at the ends of beams which is placed on top of a pier or abutment. The ends of the beam rest on the bearing.
80. An arch formed along an arc which is drawn from a point below its spring line, thus forming a less than semicircular arch. The intrados of a Roman arch follows an arc drawn from a point on its spring line, thus forming a semi-circle.
81. A truss having two triangular shapes spaced on either side of central apex connected by horizontal top and bottom chords. Compare to king truss.
82. Top chord of a truss.
83. A cylindrical bar which is used to connect various members of a truss; such as those inserted through the holes of a meeting pair of eyebars.
85. A truss which carries its traffic through the interior of the structure with crossbracing between the parallel top and bottom chords. Compare to deck truss and pony truss.
88. A two-hinged arch is supported by a pinned connection at each end. A three-hinged arch also includes a third pinned connection at the crown of the arch near the middle of a span. Compare to fixed arch.
94. The portion of a bridge structure including abutments and piers which supports the superstructure.
95. The system of members connecting the top and bottom chords of a truss. Or the vertical portion of an I-beam or girder.
97. On plate girders, structural steel shapes, such as an angle, are attached to the web to add intermediate strength.
99. Any one of the wedge shaped block used to form an arch.
102. One of the larger vertical posts supporting a railing. Smaller, closely spaced vertical supports are ballusters. Also see ballustrade.
104. One of many parts of a structure, especially one of the parts of a truss.
105. Tension members of a suspension bridge which hang from the main cable to support the deck. Also similar tension members of an arch bridge which features a suspended deck. Also called hangers.
107. Part of a suspension bridge which carries the cable over the top of the tower.
110. Located at the outermost ends, the part of a suspension bridge to which the cables are attached. Similar in location to an abutment of a beam bridge.
113. The top surface of a bridge which carries the traffic.
114. The uppermost wedge-shaped voussoir at the crown of an arch which locks the other voussoirs into place.
115. The outwardmost vertical or angled compression member of a truss.

Down

1. A sculpted decorative element placed at the top of a spire or highpoint of a structure.
2. An assembly of smaller pieces arranged in a gridlike pattern; sometimes used a decorative element or to form a truss of primarily diagonal members.
3. A simple beam supported by cantilevers of adjacent spans, commonly connected by pins.
4. A subdivided Pratt truss commonly constructed for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It has angled end posts and a top chord which is straight and horizontal. Compare to camelback truss and Pennsylvania truss.
6. A steel beam built-up from many shapes to form a hollow cross-section.
8. A truss web member which functions only when a structure is partially loaded.
13. A truss which uses curved top and bottom chords placed opposite one another to form a lens shape. The chords are connected by additional truss web members.
14. A low, reinforced concrete wall wider at the base, tapering vertically to near mid-height, then continuing straight up to its top. The shape is designed to direct automotive traffic back toward its own lane of travel and prevent crossing of a median or leaving the roadway. Commonly used on new and reconstructed bridges in place of decorative ballustrades, railings or parapets.
15. A span in which the effective length is the same as the length of the spanning structure. The spanning superstructure extends from one vertical support, abutment or pier, to another, without crossing over an intermediate support or creating a cantilever.
16. A type of truss in which vertical web members are in tension and diagonal web members in compression. Maybe be recognized by diagonal members which appear to form an "A" shape (without the crossbar) toward the center of the truss when viewed in profile. Compare to Pratt truss and Warren truss.
19. The roughly triangular area above an arch and below a horizontal bridge deck. A closed spandrel encloses fill material. An open spandrel carries its load using interior walls or columns.
20. Masonry built over an opening by progressively overlapping the courses from each side until they meet at the top center. Not a true arch as the structure relies on strictly vertical compression, not axial compression.
21. A bridge which carries its deck with many tension members attached to cables draped over tower piers.
24. A meeting point between two parts of a structure which is designed to allow for movement of the parts due to thermal or moisture factors while protecting the parts from damage. Commonly visible on a bridge deck as a hinged or movable connection.
25. One of the vertical compression members of a truss which is perpendicular to the bottom chord.
27. A galvanized wire box filled with stones used to form an abutment or retaining wall.
28. Additional support connecting the deck with the main beam which keep the beam from buckling outward. Commonly made from plates and angles.
35. A variation of suspension bridge in which the tension members extend from one or more towers at varying angles to carry the deck. Allowing much more freedom in design form, this type does not use cables draped over towers, nor the anchorages at each end, as in a traditional suspension bridge.
37. Any one of the arched series of members which is parallel to the length of a bridge, especially those on a metal arch bridge.
38. Two triangular shapes sharing a common center vertical member (king post); the simplest triangular truss system. Compare to queen truss.
42. A subdivided Pratt truss invented for use by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Pennsylvania truss is similar in bracing to a Baltimore truss, but the former has a camelback profile while the latter has angled end posts only, leaving the upper chord straight and horizontal. Compare to camelback truss and Baltimore truss.
43. Temporary structure or falsework supporting an arch during construction.
46. Part of a structure which supports the end of a span or accepts the thrust of an arch; often supports and retains the approach embankment.
48. An arch formed by mutiple arcs each of which is drawn from its own center. Compare to a roman arch which is a semi-circular arc drawn from a single centerpoint.
50. A description of the sideview of a bridge having relatively steep approach embankments leading to the bridge deck.
51. A plate which joins two girders. Commonly riveted or bolted.
52. The opening at the ends of a through truss with forms the entrance. Also the open entrance of a tunnel.
53. From the French word for "see-saw," a bascule bridge features a movable span (leaf) which rotates on a horizontal hinged axis (trunnion) to raise one end vertically. A large counterweight is used to offset to weight of the raised leaf. May have a single raising leaf or two which meet in the center when closed. Compare to swing bridge and vertical lift bridge.
56. (trussed arch) An arch with parallel chords connected by open webbing.
57. A truss which carries its traffic near its top chord but not low enough to allow crossbracing between the parallel top chords. Compare to deck truss and through truss.
58. Horizontal members which are placed transversely to the major beams, girders, or trusses; used to support the deck.
59. A type of girder bridge in which the piers and deck girder are fastened to form a single unit. Unlike typical girder bridges which are constructed so that the deck rests on bearings atop the piers, a rigid frame bridge acts as a unit. Pier design may vary.
60. A horizontal structure member supporting vertical loads by resisting bending. A girder is a larger beam, especially when made of multiple metal plates. The plates are usually riveted or welded together.
62. The portion of a bridge structure which carries the traffic load and passes that load to the substructure.
67. The horizontal space between two supports of a structure. Also refers to the structure itself. May be used as a noun or a verb.
70. A type of truss in which vertical web members are in compression and diagonal web members in tension. Many possible configuartions include pitched, flat, or camelback top chords. Maybe be recognized by diagonal members which appear to form a "V" shape toward the center of the truss when viewed in profile. Variations include the Baltimore truss and Pennsylvania truss. Compare to Warren truss and Howe truss.
75. The inner surface of an arch extending the full width of the structure.
77. A truss which carries its deck on its top chord. Compare to pony truss and through truss.
79. A metal plate used to unite multiple structural members of a truss.
84. A positive, upward curve built into a beam which compensates for some of the vertical load and anticipated deflection.
85. A tall pier or frame supporting the cable of a suspension bridge.
86. The measure of an arch from the spring line to the highest part of the intrados, which is to say from its base support to the crown.
87. The place where an arch rises from its support; a line drawn from the impost.
89. Either of the two principal members of a truss extending from end to end, connected by web members.
90. A drain, pipe or channel which allows water to pass under a road, railroad or embankment.
91. A vertical structural member used to support compressive loads. Also see pier and pile.
92. A wall projecting perpendicularly from another wall which prevents its outward movement. Usually wider at its base and tapering toward the top.
93. A form of arch defined by a moving point which remains equidistant from a fixed point inside the arch and a moving point along a line. This shape when inverted into an arch structure results in a form which allows equal vertical loading along its length.
96. An arch which has a tension member across its base which connects one end to the other.
98. A structure anchored in its position. Compare to hinged arch.
100. Temporary structure used as support during construction. Falsework for arch construction is called "centering."
101. The process of covering an embankment with stones.
102. When the superstructure is not perpendicular to the substructure, a skew angle is created. The skew angle is the acute angle between the alignment of the superstructure and the alignment of the substructure.
103. Curve formed by a rope or chain hanging freely between two supports. The curved cables or chains used to support suspension bridges may be referred to as catenaries.
106. A raised structure built to carry vehicles or pedestrians over an obstacle.
108. While Bridge is the more general term (which may be a single span or multi-span, typically one span is longer than the others), A longer, multi-span structure -- a series of shorter spans in which most of the spans are of similar length. A more common term in relation to railroads.
109. Part of a suspension bridge extending from an anchorage over the tops of the towers and down to the opposite anchorage. Suspenders or hangers are attached along its length to support the deck.
111. On road surfaces, where the center is the highest point and the surface slopes downward in opposite directions, assisting in drainage. Also a point at the top of an arch.
112. A structural form which is used in the same way as a beam, but because it is made of an web-like assembly of smaller members it can be made longer, deeper, and therefore, stronger than a beam or girder while being lighter than a beam of similar dimensions.

Across

1. Radiolucent band that runs inferior to the mylohyoid line and apices of the molars.
3. Structure that appears as a radiolucent area superior to the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars.
9. The transformer that heats the Tungsten filament to form an electron cloud.
11. Special imaging technique where the lateral view of the skull is exposed to evaluate trauma and facial growth.
12. Fastest film speed.
13. The most common extraoral image.
17. Film badge that measures exposure to radiation.
18. A fuzzy or blurred area around an image.
20. The transformer that increases voltage to propel electrons toward the tungsten target in the x-ray tube.
21. The type of radiation filtration provided by the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal.
23. The floor of this structure is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
28. A radiopaque triangular projection usually superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity that is located on the anterior portion of the ramus.
29. Image that captures the bone surrounding the teeth, floor of the mouth, sialolith, supernumerary teeth and is useful when a patient has a limited jaw opening.
31. This can occur if there target to film distance or the object to film distance is increased.
33. These are located in the tubehead to increase or decrease voltage.
35. How fast do x-rays travel?
37. Fill in the Blank: Anterior teeth that appear blurred and narrow on a panoramic image are due to the patient being too far _______ in the focal trough.
39. Speed of the wave.
40. A dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region and is toward the apices of the teeth.
42. Special imaging that detects salivary stones and other blockages.
43. Image that captures the crown, CEJ, root, and surrounding areas and is used mainly to diagnose periodontal disease, pathology, endodontic therapy, and implants.
44. With this size of bitewing film there is only one image taken on each side.
45. Special imaging technique that evaluates the posterior portion of the mandible or lateral areas that are too large to capture for periapical films.
48. Collimation reduces tissue exposure by 60%.
50. Rare earth intensifying screens emit what color of light?
51. Image that captures crowns, contacts, and the height of alveolar bone and is used mainly for diagnosis of interproximal dental caries.
54. Slowest film speed.
57. Fill in the Blank: An xray machine with a kVp _________ 70 requires 2.5mm thickness of added filtration.
58. An imaginary plane that passess from top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket.
59. Free radical formation is caused by the ionization of what compound in cells?
63. What canal of the mandible houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels?
65. Fill in the Blank: Shorter wavelength leads to more penetrating power and a ___________quality beam.
67. This protects the patient’s thyroid gland during an x-ray exposure.
69. The number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time.
70. How many feet away from the tubehead should the radiographer stand during exposure?
71. The Inverted Y is formed by the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of what other structure?
72. Structure that appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
78. What is the MPD for an occupational person in rem?
82. The exit for the incisive blood vessel branches.
83. Fill in the Blank: The high voltage circuit ___________ the electrons from the cathode to the anode in the xray tube.
85. Occurs in a nonlinear, threshold dose-response.
87. Horseshoe shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage and is supported by ligaments and muscles located inferior to the mandible.
88. A dense and thick U-shaped radiopaque band superior to the molar apices.
89. Structure that appears as a horizontal radiopaque band superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth.
90. The part of the xray unit that contains the tungsten target and copper stem.
91. The total energy contained by the x-ray beam.
92. Can be referred to as the amount of darkness on a radiograph.
93. Low doses of radiation received over a long period of time may result in what disease?
94. Radiation moving in a wave-like pattern.

Down

2. These appear as two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
4. The type of radiation filtration provided by the aluminum disk.
5. A small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen.
6. What type of charge do x-rays have?
7. Fluorescent materials that coat intensifying screens and convert photon energy to visible light.
8. What component of film determines its speed?
10. This is used to stabilize the receptor in the mouth and to reduce movement along with helping to properly position film and the PID.
14. For the maxillary occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
15. This is caused by the ionization of water in cells.
16. Another name for the nonstochastic effect.
19. A radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible and appears at the level of the crowns.
22. Scale of image contrast that is good for caries detection.
23. What characteristic of electrons does the milliamperage determine?
24. The rule that two triangles are equal when they share one complete side which is the basis for the bisecting technique.
25. The radiographer should be at at least how many degrees of an angle from the tubehead during exposure?
26. 5 rem/year (5000mrem) or 0.05 Sv/year (50mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure in what setting?
27. A thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
30. The thickness of aluminum filters that reduces the intensity of the beam by half.
32. For the mandibular occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
34. The distance between two adjacent wave crests.
36. What color are calcium tungstate intensifying screens?
38. Four bony spines used for muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles that appear as circular radiopacities inferior to the central incisor apices.
41. The difference between the lighter and darker shade of grays on a radiograph.
42. The capacity to produce details and distinct outlines on an image.
46. A thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth.
47. Structure that appears as a bony, rounded, radiopaque projection extending from the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
49. The hamular process is a projection from what part of the sphenoid bone?
52. The nasopalatine nerve exits the skull through which foramen?
53. A radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
55. Creates a low voltage circuit to the tungsten filament of the x-ray tube.
56. 0.5rem/year (500mrem) or 0.005 Sv/year (5mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure for what setting?
60. The dosimeter should be worn at what part of the body?
61. Period of time from exposure until the image is visible.
62. A metal barrier with an opening in the middle that restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
64. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla near this process and supply the posterior teeth.
66. A V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.
68. Increasing the mA on an x-ray machine increases what aspect of the cathode filament?
73. Structure that appears as a small radiolucent dot surrounded by a radiopaque ring located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
74. The majority of radiation produced in an x-ray tube.
75. Occurs in a linear, non-threshold dose response.
76. Fill in the Blank: The pulp cavity in children is generally ____________ than in adults.
77. The area that the panoramic image is focused on.
79. This protects the patient’s reproductive organs and blood forming tissues during an x-ray.
80. What is the MPD for a non-occupational person in mSv per year?
81. Fill in the Blank: The longer the exposure time the more x-rays and more ________ the x-ray beam.
84. All or none effects of radiation that a person either has or does not have.
86. Contrast is dependent on this modifiable factor of an xray machine.

Across

1. Radiolucent band that runs inferior to the mylohyoid line and apices of the molars.
3. Structure that appears as a radiolucent area superior to the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars.
9. The transformer that heats the Tungsten filament to form an electron cloud.
11. Special imaging technique where the lateral view of the skull is exposed to evaluate trauma and facial growth.
12. Fastest film speed.
13. The most common extraoral image.
17. Film badge that measures exposure to radiation.
18. A fuzzy or blurred area around an image.
20. The transformer that increases voltage to propel electrons toward the tungsten target in the x-ray tube.
21. The type of radiation filtration provided by the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal.
23. The floor of this structure is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
28. A radiopaque triangular projection usually superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity that is located on the anterior portion of the ramus.
29. Image that captures the bone surrounding the teeth, floor of the mouth, sialolith, supernumerary teeth and is useful when a patient has a limited jaw opening.
31. This can occur if there target to film distance or the object to film distance is increased.
33. These are located in the tubehead to increase or decrease voltage.
35. How fast do x-rays travel?
37. Fill in the Blank: Anterior teeth that appear blurred and narrow on a panoramic image are due to the patient being too far _______ in the focal trough.
39. Speed of the wave.
40. A dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region and is toward the apices of the teeth.
42. Special imaging that detects salivary stones and other blockages.
43. Image that captures the crown, CEJ, root, and surrounding areas and is used mainly to diagnose periodontal disease, pathology, endodontic therapy, and implants.
44. With this size of bitewing film there is only one image taken on each side.
45. Special imaging technique that evaluates the posterior portion of the mandible or lateral areas that are too large to capture for periapical films.
48. Collimation reduces tissue exposure by 60%.
50. Rare earth intensifying screens emit what color of light?
51. Image that captures crowns, contacts, and the height of alveolar bone and is used mainly for diagnosis of interproximal dental caries.
54. Slowest film speed.
57. Fill in the Blank: An xray machine with a kVp _________ 70 requires 2.5mm thickness of added filtration.
58. An imaginary plane that passess from top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket.
59. Free radical formation is caused by the ionization of what compound in cells?
63. What canal of the mandible houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels?
65. Fill in the Blank: Shorter wavelength leads to more penetrating power and a ___________quality beam.
67. This protects the patient’s thyroid gland during an x-ray exposure.
69. The number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time.
70. How many feet away from the tubehead should the radiographer stand during exposure?
71. The Inverted Y is formed by the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of what other structure?
72. Structure that appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
78. What is the MPD for an occupational person in rem?
82. The exit for the incisive blood vessel branches.
83. Fill in the Blank: The high voltage circuit ___________ the electrons from the cathode to the anode in the xray tube.
85. Occurs in a nonlinear, threshold dose-response.
87. Horseshoe shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage and is supported by ligaments and muscles located inferior to the mandible.
88. A dense and thick U-shaped radiopaque band superior to the molar apices.
89. Structure that appears as a horizontal radiopaque band superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth.
90. The part of the xray unit that contains the tungsten target and copper stem.
91. The total energy contained by the x-ray beam.
92. Can be referred to as the amount of darkness on a radiograph.
93. Low doses of radiation received over a long period of time may result in what disease?
94. Radiation moving in a wave-like pattern.

Down

2. These appear as two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
4. The type of radiation filtration provided by the aluminum disk.
5. A small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen.
6. What type of charge do x-rays have?
7. Fluorescent materials that coat intensifying screens and convert photon energy to visible light.
8. What component of film determines its speed?
10. This is used to stabilize the receptor in the mouth and to reduce movement along with helping to properly position film and the PID.
14. For the maxillary occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
15. This is caused by the ionization of water in cells.
16. Another name for the nonstochastic effect.
19. A radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible and appears at the level of the crowns.
22. Scale of image contrast that is good for caries detection.
23. What characteristic of electrons does the milliamperage determine?
24. The rule that two triangles are equal when they share one complete side which is the basis for the bisecting technique.
25. The radiographer should be at at least how many degrees of an angle from the tubehead during exposure?
26. 5 rem/year (5000mrem) or 0.05 Sv/year (50mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure in what setting?
27. A thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
30. The thickness of aluminum filters that reduces the intensity of the beam by half.
32. For the mandibular occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
34. The distance between two adjacent wave crests.
36. What color are calcium tungstate intensifying screens?
38. Four bony spines used for muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles that appear as circular radiopacities inferior to the central incisor apices.
41. The difference between the lighter and darker shade of grays on a radiograph.
42. The capacity to produce details and distinct outlines on an image.
46. A thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth.
47. Structure that appears as a bony, rounded, radiopaque projection extending from the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
49. The hamular process is a projection from what part of the sphenoid bone?
52. The nasopalatine nerve exits the skull through which foramen?
53. A radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
55. Creates a low voltage circuit to the tungsten filament of the x-ray tube.
56. 0.5rem/year (500mrem) or 0.005 Sv/year (5mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure for what setting?
60. The dosimeter should be worn at what part of the body?
61. Period of time from exposure until the image is visible.
62. A metal barrier with an opening in the middle that restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
64. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla near this process and supply the posterior teeth.
66. A V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.
68. Increasing the mA on an x-ray machine increases what aspect of the cathode filament?
73. Structure that appears as a small radiolucent dot surrounded by a radiopaque ring located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
74. The majority of radiation produced in an x-ray tube.
75. Occurs in a linear, non-threshold dose response.
76. Fill in the Blank: The pulp cavity in children is generally ____________ than in adults.
77. The area that the panoramic image is focused on.
79. This protects the patient’s reproductive organs and blood forming tissues during an x-ray.
80. What is the MPD for a non-occupational person in mSv per year?
81. Fill in the Blank: The longer the exposure time the more x-rays and more ________ the x-ray beam.
84. All or none effects of radiation that a person either has or does not have.
86. Contrast is dependent on this modifiable factor of an xray machine.

Across

5. a way of writing rational numbers (numbers that are not whole numbers), also used to represent ratios or division, in the form of a numerator over a denominator, e.g. 3⁄5 (a unit fraction is a fraction whose numerator is 1)
7. a mathematical statement or hypothesis which has been proved on the basis of previously established theorems and previously accepted axioms, effectively the proof of the truth of a statement or expression
10. a physical quantity having magnitude and direction, represented by a directed arrow indicating its orientation in space
11. a proposition that is not actually proved or demonstrated, but is considered to be self-evident and universally accepted as a starting point for deducing and inferring other truths and theorems, without any need of proof
12. the inverse operation to exponentiation, the exponent of a power to which a base (usually 10 or e for natural logarithms) must be raised to produce a given number, e.g. because 1,000 = 103, the log10 100 = 3
14. an equality that remains true regardless of the values of any variables that appear within it, e.g. for multiplication, the identity is one; for addition, the identity is zero
16. the part of mathematics concerned with the size, shape and relative position of figures, or the study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties
17. a relation or correspondence between two sets in which one element of the second (codomain or range) set ƒ(x) is assigned to each element of the first (domain) set x, e.g. ƒ(x) = x2 or y = x2 assigns a value to ƒ(x) or y based on the square of each value of x
20. the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, an irrational (and transcendental) number approximately equal to 3.141593...
23. a measure of relationship between two variables or sets of data, a positive correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase or decrease as the other does, and a negative correlation coefficient indicating that one variable tends to increase as the other decreases and vice versa
25. the field of mathematics concerned with spatial properties that are preserved under continuous deformations of objects (such as stretching, bending and morphing, but not tearing or gluing)
27. the operation in calculus (inverse to the operation of differentiation) of finding the integral of a function or equation
30. the theory that mathematics is just an extension of logic, and that therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic
31. a mathematical structure consisting of a set together with an operation that combines any two of its elements to form a third element, e.g. the set of integers and the addition operation form a group
33. the mathematical operation where a number (the base) is multiplied by itself a specified number of times (the exponent), usually written as a superscript an, where a is the base and n is the exponent, e.g. 43 = 4 x 4 x 4
34. a number that will divide into another number exactly, e.g. the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5
38. in an algebraic expression or equation, either a single number or variable, or the product of several numbers and variables separated from another term by a + or - sign, e.g. in the expression 3 + 4x + 5yzw, the 3, the 4x and the 5yzw are all separate terms
39. the ordered pair that gives the location or position of a point on a coordinate plane, determined by the point’s distance from the x and y axes, e.g. (2, 3.7) or (-5, 4)
41. the product of all the consecutive integers up to a given number (used to give the number of permutations of a set of objects), denoted by n!, e.g. 5! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120
46. a step by step procedure by which an operation can be carried out
47. a statement that appears to contradict itself, suggesting a solution which is actually impossible
48. an ordered set whose elements are usually determined based on some function of the counting numbers, e.g. a geometric sequence is a set where each element is a multiple of the previous element; an arithmetic sequence is a set where each element is the previous element plus or minus a number
49. the area bounded by a graph or curve of a function and the x axis, between two given values of x (definite integral), found by the operation of integration
50. a rectangular array of numbers, which can be added, subtracted and multiplied, and used to represent linear transformations and vectors, solve equations, etc

Down

1. a type of conic section curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed focus point and a fixed straight line
2. the steepness or incline of a line, determined by reference to two points on the line, e.g. the slope of the line y = mx + b is m, and represents the rate at which y is changing per unit of change in x
3. whole numbers, both positive (natural numbers) and negative, including zero
4. a member of, or an object in, a set
6. a collection of distinct objects or numbers, without regard to their order, considered as an object in its own right
8. an algebraic expression consisting of a single term (although that term could be an exponent), e.g. y = 7x, y = 2x3
9. a flat two-dimensional surface (physical or theoretical) with infinite width and length, zero thickness and zero curvature
13. a smooth symmetrical curve with two branches produced by the section of a conical surface
15. the operation in calculus (inverse to the operation of integration) of finding the derivative of a function or equation
18. quantities or objects so small that there is no way to see them or to measure them, so that for all practical purposes they approach zero as a limit (an idea used in the developement of infinitesimal calculus)
19. in geometry, a one-dimensional figure following a continuous straight path joining two or more points, whether infinite in both directions or just a line segment bounded by two distinct end points
21. the branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the sides and the angles of right triangles, and deals with and with the trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent and their reciprocals)
22. a polynomial algebraic expression or equation with just two terms, e.g. 2x3 - 3y = 7; x2 + 4x; etc
24. the factors of the terms (i.e. the numbers in front of the letters) in a mathematical expression or equation, e.g. in the expression 4x + 5y2 + 3z, the coefficients for x, y2 and z are 4, 5 and 3 respectively
26. the study of the formal laws of reasoning (mathematical logic the application of the techniques of formal logic to mathematics and mathematical reasoning, and vice versa)
28. a number which, when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity 1, and can therefore be thought of as the inverse of multiplication, e.g. the reciprocal of x is 1⁄x, the reciprocal of 3⁄5 is 5⁄3
29. two geometrical figures are congruent to one another if they have the same size and shape, and so one can be transformed into the other by a combination of translation, rotation and reflection
32. a particular ordering of a set of objects, e.g. given the set {1, 2, 3}, there are six permutations: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 2}, and {3, 2, 1}
35. an algebraic equation with 3 terms, e.g. 3x + 5y + 8z; 3x3 + 2x2 + x; etc
36. an algebraic expression or equation with more than one term, constructed from variables and constants using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and non-negative whole-number exponents, e.g. 5x2 - 4x + 4y + 7
37. a subsidiary collection of objects that all belong to, or is contained in, an original given set, e.g. subsets of {a, b} could include: {a}, {b}, {a, b} and {}
40. the part of mathematics that studies quantity, especially as the result of combining numbers (as opposed to variables) using the traditional operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (the more advanced manipulation of numbers is usually known as number theory)
42. a quantity or set of numbers without bound, limit or end, whether countably infinite like the set of integers, or uncountably infinite like the set of real numbers (represented by the symbol ∞)
43. a self-similar geometric shape (one that appears similar at all levels of magnification) produced by an equation that undergoes repeated iterative steps or recursion
44. a rule or equation describing the relationship of two or more variables or quantities, e.g. A = πr2
45. a number by which two given numbers can be divided by integer division, and produce the same remainder, e.g. 38 ÷ 12 = 3 remainder 2, and 26 ÷ 12 = 2 remainder 2, therefore 38 and 26 are congruent modulo 12, or (38 ≡ 26) mod 12
46. a branch of mathematics that uses symbols or letters to represent variables, values or numbers, which can then be used to express operations and relationships and to solve equations

Across

1. data that clusters (closely grouped) along a line (2 words)
4. the point where a line crosses the y-axis
8. graphs that use points to display numerical data with two variables or bi-variate data – helps to determine if there are trends , patterns, or association between the variables
9. angles inside of a polygon formed by the sides of the polygon
11. angles inside the parallel lines and on same sides of the transversal – they are supplementary (3 words)
13. scatterplot association when the change in data set has no effect on the second data set (2 words)
15. orientation of the _____ refers to the order in which they are labeled, clockwise or counterclockwise
17. describes the horizontal change on a graph
18. the amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object
23. describes the vertical change on a graph
24. describes a function whose graph does not form a straight line
26. a three-dimensional figure with one vertex and one circular base
28. describes a slope that increases from left to right
29. any number with a square root that is a whole number (2 words)
30. geometric figures that have the same shape but not the same size (2 words)
32. the set of whole numbers and their opposites
33. inverse operation of cubing a number and “undoes” and exponent of 3 (2 words)
35. a mathematical symbol that denotes the root of a number – the most commonly used is the square root, but can include any root like the cube root, fourth root, etc
38. transformation of a figure that moves every point of a figure the same direction and the same distance without changing its orientation – can move left/right and up/down – also thought of as a slide
39. in a right triangle, the two sides adjacent to the right angle
43. transformation of a figure that turns an image around a fixed point and results in a congruent figure – can move clockwise or counterclockwise
44. original figure to be transformed by translation, reflection, rotation, or dilation
48. angles outside the parallel lines and on opposite sides of the transversal – they are congruent (2 words)
49. slope-intercept form, or y=mx+b is one way to write the equation of a _____ relationship
50. the set of all positive counting numbers (numbers on a number line starting with 1) (2 words)
51. decimal that keeps going with a pattern of digits repeating infinitely
52. the x-coordinate in a relationship
55. the point where the x-axis and y-axis of a coordinate plane intersect – the coordinate is (0, 0)
57. includes all the numbers that can be found on the number line - includes both rational and irrational numbers (2 words)
60. a relationship or rule that assigns each input exactly one output
63. describes the slope of a vertical line
64. a transformation of a figure that either enlarges or reduces the size of an original figure by multiplying its dimensions by a scale factor – does NOT result in a congruent figure
65. a pair of geometric figures having the same size and shape
68. a ratio that describes the change in y-coordinates as compared to the change in x-coordinates – describes the steepness of a line formed from the graph of a linear relationship – also referred to as rate of change or constant of proportionality
70. a set of values that show an exact position (x, y) (2 words)
73. this type of solution occurs when two lines have different slopes and intersect at one single point – only one number can replace the variable to make both sides of the equation equal
74. in a right triangle, the side opposite from the right angle
75. orientation of the _____ refers to whether the pre-image and image are facing the same direction on the coordinate plane
77. a data point with a value significantly greater or less than most other values in the data
79. numbers that cannot be written as a simple fraction, decimals that are non-repeating/non-terminating, and square roots of non-perfect squares
80. scatterplot association when an increase in one data set results in an increase in the other data set – the variables change in the same direction (2 words)
81. the number in front of a variable
82. the y-coordinate in a relationship
83. angles that are on the same side of the transversal and on the same side of the parallel lines – they are congruent
84. decimal that stops or ends
85. this type of solution occurs when lines have the same slope and same y-intercept – any number can replace the variables to make both sides of the equation equal

Down

2. a set of two or more linear equations that have the same variables (3 words)
3. the distance from one point on a circle through the center to another point on the circle
5. tells us how the side lengths of right triangles are related – the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides (2 words)
6. the point where a line crosses the x-axis
7. half of a sphere
10. result of a change made to an object by translation, rotation, reflection, or dilation
11. a mathematical expression used to represent a really large or really small number as a number between one and ten raised to a specific power of ten (2 words)
12. y=mx+b, where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept (3 words)
14. property used to multiply each term outside of a parentheses by the terms inside the parentheses (2 words) …ex. a(b + c) becomes ab + ac
16. the distance around a circle
19. a number that has a whole number as its cube root (2 words)
20. angles outside the parallel lines and on same sides of the transversal – they are supplementary (3 words)
21. a line segment that can be drawn from the center of a circle to any point on the circle
22. lines that intersect to form right angles
24. scatterplot association when an increase in one data set results in a decrease in the other data set – the variables change in opposite directions (2 words)
25. numbers that can be written as a fraction/ratio – includes terminating and repeating decimals, and square roots of perfect squares
27. describes the slope of a horizontal line
31. the set of all positive counting number starting with 0 (2 words)
34. a line that shows the general direction of a group of points on a graph – sometimes called the “trend line” (4 words)
36. type of function whose graph is a straight line
37. angles inside the parallel lines and on opposite sides of the transversal – they are congruent (2 words)
40. pair of adjacent angles formed by intersecting lines that add to 180 degrees (2 words)
41. a three-dimensional figure with two circular bases
42. a symbol written above and to the right of a mathematical expression to indicate the operation of raising to a power - refers to the number of times a number is multiplied by itself
45. the new figure that is formed from a pre-image after a transformation
46. a value, or values, we can put in place of a variable that makes the equation true
47. terms that have the same base (or variable) and the same exponent (or power) (2 words)
50. describes a slope that decreases from left to right
53. the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter (approx. 3.14)
54. a constant or a variable in an expression
56. data that does not cluster (closely grouped) around a line (2 words)
58. an inverse operation of squaring a number - “undoes” an exponent of 2 (2 words)
59. a form of writing equations, numbers, or expressions using a certain set of rules in the most common way (2 words)
61. pairs of opposite angles formed by intersecting lines – they do not share any sides – they are congruent
62. the point of intersection of two graphed equations – the ordered pair that makes both equations true
66. to reduce (an equation, fraction, etc) to a simpler form by cancellation of common factors or regrouping/combining like terms
67. a ratio of the length of one side of an image to the corresponding length of a pre-image – if it is greater than 1 it will enlarge a figure – if it is smaller than 1 it will reduce a figure (2 words)
69. a mathematical phrase that can contain numbers, variables, and operators (like addition and subtraction) – will not have an equal sign
71. this type of solution occurs when lines have the same slope and different y-intercepts; they will never intersect – no number can replace the variables to make both sides of the equation equal
72. transformation of a figure that flips a figure over a line in order to create a mirror image – each new point should be the same distance from the line on the opposite side – creates a congruent figure
76. mathematical statement consisting of an equal sign between two algebraic expressions that have the same value
78. a number that is raised to a power

Across

1. The car rocked slightly with a порыва of wind.
3. But the mood at the federal police compound on Thursday was вызывающим.
6. The резкий tone in his voice revealed his anger.
7. The whole family are радуется at their unexpected good fortune.
12. Your enthusiasm for skiing might утихнуть(уменьшится) after falling off a ski lift and getting a mouthful of snow.
14. My generation has failed to contend with this головоломкой.
15. It was the inn that nightly угощает its guests with five-course meals prepared by a master chef.
19. Trying to зажечь a match inside a dark fireworks factory is a really bad idea.
23. They've offered no apologies and seem to have no thoughts of компенсации(возмещении).
26. Croup can also cause a fever, a хриплый voice, and difficult or noisy breathing.
27. Sofia a theater graduate performed a 10-minute piece that involved reciting монологов from various plays.
28. She was known throughout Manchester as a грозная woman.
29. The physicist did his best to объяснить the wave theory of light for the audience of laymen.
30. It made him seem like a smart, too говорливым.
32. It's ясно(очевидно) to everyone that he will never return.
34. North was ousted from his post as president of the board in April after LaPierre accused him of attempting to вымогательства him and the organization.
35. He feels no угрызения совести(remorse) about his crimes.
36. When the wind blows, it makes the leaves and flowers колыхаться, or move, in that same direction.
39. The plasma membrane of a red blood cell is relatively непроницаема to sodium and calcium ions.
40. But farther up, the Germans were putting up жесткое(сильное) resistance.
41. Andres grew up with these influences and a natural склонностью for design.
44. Your actions might be described as поспешные. The budget problem was спровацирована(d) by many unexpected costs. But when the two are mixed together, the chemicals combine in a way to осадок out of the water.
47. Yet there’s something grounding about her signature hue that заставляет her to work with it so often.
50. Although this parenting style has been спорным, many psychologists have praised it.
52. We sipped our beers and wondered at one another, at what was left of all that and of those блудныйх(расточительных) days.
55. Saudi rulers mostly have wrangled the factions with a blend of wisdom, manipulation, brutality and уговоров(лести).
58. The photograph соответствует to all the necessary standards for a media image depicting tragedy.
59. Funerals are often мрачные affairs, and you might have a мрачное(хмурое, угрюмое) expression on face after your teacher hands back an exam you failed.
63. It can be противно(отвратительно) to your mind or your morals.
65. Their romance is имеет отношение(касается) to the book's main plot.
66. Our weekend plans were held in состояние неопределенности until we could get a weather forecast.
68. They may have their bags and cups of hot coffee вытолкнутыми out of their hands by the impatient one's pushing and shoving.
71. He would never расскажет(разгласит, раскроет) what happened during that interview.
72. Maybe that’s why everyone else in the film seems so беспечными(беззаботными) about the whole thing.
73. There was nothing неодабающего about his appearance.
74. A teenager emptying out his backpack at the end of the school year might find различные(разные) items at the bottom.
75. He was not arrested until months after the crash so трезвость tests were never performed.
77. The police broke up the скандал(потасовка) in the bar and threw both combatants in the lockup.
78. There was a устная agreement that he would pay off the loan.
79. What rings most true throughout is the film’s hauntingly изящное(утонченное) portrayal of Black male relationships.
81. after some much-needed polishing, the silver tea set had a brilliant блеск.
82. She told him not to ходить с важным видом around because it made him look silly.
83. The coach строго раскритиковал the team for its poor play.
86. If you поторопишься to your room, no one will know that you came in late.
87. he'd just been in a fight, and was nursing his распухшую lip.
89. Other arguments against the House Judiciary Committee launching an impeachment inquiry come across as equally показными(обманчивыми).
91. The трудная (grueling) task that lay ahead frightened him terribly.
94. The elite Revolutionary Guards apologized for the calamity, but that did not успокоило thousands protesting in several cities. Sometimes not even the food in my belly утоляла it.
95. This leads to her раздражению over Edward’s single-minded concern for Elizabeth. The repeated неприятности(s) guaranteed that she wouldn't get any work done.
96. So please check your shoes before walking on a нетронутый white carpet.
97. The teachers disapprove of any displays of легкомыслия during school assemblies.
98. Yes, the president tried to мешать(препятствовать) the investigation and was generally untruthful with Mueller.

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2. Another reporter working to verify the book's charges ended up unmasking author James Hatfield's грязное(противное) past.
4. When it starts raining hard during your long walk to school, you'll wish you had the предвидение to bring an umbrella.
5. He strongly похожь на(напоминает) his father in appearance and in temperament.
8. If you're always откровенный(искренний), your parents will know that they can trust you.
9. We saw the слабый glow of a distant light.
10. Republicans also высмеивали the hearing as a political attack aimed at silencing one of Trump's most loyal aides.
11. A decision must be made, a plan acted on, but the нерешительный person just doesn't know what to do.
13. The noun поток describes something that constantly changes.
16. The threat of legal action is a powerful стимул to companies that have ignored the regulations.
17. Sometimes Mr Eimer relies too heavily on anecdote and предположение.
18. Parents like it when their teenagers are уступчивы(податливы) and follow the rules. The student's shirt was not соответствовала with the school's dress code.
20. The economic обоснование isn't hard to deduce either.
21. The diet that включает в себя many different fruits and vegetables.
22. Let’s not do a упреждающий strike in invalidating the will of the voters.
24. The program promoted sexual воздержание for young people.
25. He had always been заботился for the welfare of his family.
31. Понятное(ясное) writing is important in journalism.
33. A banker is under an obligation to give безкорыстный advice.
37. Shortly afterward, the air filled with the едким odor of fuel.
38. My new neighbor began seeking my company under the видом(предлогом) of friendship.
42. “I’m not crazy. I’m just a religious фанатик,” Dear declared.
43. Yet those resources seem to опровергают(противоречат, разоблачают) the conditions under which Bradforth and his teammates completed their workout.
45. If you hear thunder in the distance, you might go inside to escape the предстоящий (грозящий) storm
46. I выдержал the storm at work.
48. If you see an угрожающее(зловещее) frown on your boss's face, you're in trouble!
49. Collagen is the most распространенный protein in our bodies.
51. My theory of Republican electoral success is partly that the party has gotten away with a more строгой(вяжущей) fiscal policy in the past.
53. One night in 2002 three interns скрылись(ed) with a 600-pound safe full of moon rocks from Apollo missions.
54. People used to спорить(утверждать) that the earth was flat.
56. My brother has just created an дерзкое(смелое) (bold) work of art.
57. If you don't want monkey droppings to прилипал to the sole of your shoe, watch where you’re walking.
60. To воздавать(даровать) honors.
61. Earplugs will ослабят the loud sounds of the machinery.
62. Today, this futuristic house is a разрушающаяся relic of the past, and its future is a subject of concern and conjecture.
64. Aside from the Catholic склонности for fish on Fridays, there is also the tradition of eating red beans and rice on Monday.
66. His purpose is not to наставлять or deplore but to understand. They were предупреждены(ed) to take advantage of the opportunity.
67. I had пренебрегал the king’s laws all my life .
69. There is not a частички of evidence for your outrageous claims.
70. My hands огрубели by hard manual labor.
76. Please stop me if I become redundant or невоспитанным.
77. The зловонный odor of rotting vegetables.
80. If your older brother is constantly moving from city to city, you can say he's ветреный(переменчивый).
84. So when you make a contract or deal, you can оговорить that a certain condition must be met.
85. If you're afraid of heights you wouldn't want to stand at the бездонной chasm.
88. But the thing that most определяет tavern style is the cut: small, uneven square slices, along with four little witch hat–shaped triangles at the corners.
90. A knife can have a отсрый blade, and a student can have a острый mind.
92. He has always maintained a лакейское attitude around people with money.
93. The team blamed its losses on a множества (ряда, череды) of injuries.

Across

2. This word has a specific meaning in Art. It is one of the formal elements. It refers to the three-dimensional aspects of objects (i.e. height, width and depth). In images form makes objects appear to be realistic solids, even though they are in fact two-dimensional. Form can also be used in the general sense of “giving form” to ideas, in other words, making concepts concrete. (Do not confuse with “forms” as defined below)
5. A discipline in art. The action or skill of using paint, either in a picture or as decoration.
8. point The point at which receding parallel lines viewed in perspective appear to converge. The point at which something that has been decreasing disappears altogether.
9. Lines, planes or surfaces existing side by side and having the same distance continuously between them. Parallel lines play an important role in hatching and cross-hatching – and they never meet.
12. The area of a picture which appears to be at the front of the pictorial space (i.e. nearest the viewer).
13. One of the formal elements. The trace of a point which describes the meeting of planes at an edge, or the division between light and dark. Think in terms of silhouettes or contours. Hatched lines can suggest tone and form, thus, describing a plane or curves. There are many different types of lines. Thus, it is important to comment on the nature, direction, width and length of lines.
15. A sloping/slanting straight line (i.e. it is not horizontal or vertical). Sometimes a diagonal line joins up two opposite corners of a square or other flat shape.
16. Having or appearing to have three dimensions: length, breadth and depth.
20. One of the formal elements. It refers to what the eyes see when light is reflected off an object. Intensity (also called saturation), temperature (i.e. warm or cold) and contrast (tonal colour variation) are three properties of colour.
21. An imaginary line running through a form or composition around which elements are arranged.
24. of reading The sequential flow of the writing system of a particular language (e.g. in the Western world it is left to right). In pictorial terms this refers to where artists want viewers to look first, next and so on. Said differently, which visual elements have the artists applied in order to direct viewers around their artwork (ideally again and again)?
26. Monoprinting is a form of printmaking which contains lines, shapes and/or images which can only be produced once. This stands in sharp contrast to most other types of printmaking which allow for multiple originals. There are many different monoprinting techniques. It is particularly useful if wishing to work with spontaneous and expressive mark-making.
28. A detail is a minor point or aspect of something, as opposed to the central ones.
31. A photograph or picture developed or executed in black and white – or in varying tones of only one colour.
32. Cross-hatching is an extension of hatching, which uses fine parallel lines drawn closely together to create tonal/shading effects in a drawing. When sets of parallel lines are placed closely together at an angle (i.e. so they intersect), it is called cross-hatching.
33. One of the formal elements. The visual/tactile surface characteristics and the appearance of something (i.e. an element which refers to the way something looks/feels. It can be actual or implied).
34. A discipline in art. Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking refers to the process of creating prints which have an element of originality, rather than simply photographic prints/reproductions.
35. A method of creating a picture by sticking different materials (e.g. photographs, news cuttings, fabrics and papers) onto a flat surface.
36. One of the formal elements. It has two-dimensions: height and width. An area with a defined or implied boundary. It is often described in terms of two basic groups: geometric and organic.
39. The formation of or division into triangles. A compositional approach/tool which artists can use to direct viewers around a pictorial arrangement of shapes – capturing their attention for longer.
41. of thirds Imagine a composition divided into thirds – these lines become the most significant points at which to place key elements/shapes.
42. Shading is used in drawing for depicting levels of darkness on paper by applying media lightly/densely. When applied constructively within outlines – it suggests three-dimensionality.
44. An art discipline. Photography is the art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by the means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
45. The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.
47. The message the artwork communicates. The content can refer to a specific genre, theme, subject matter, idea, message or emotion.
49. In art-making, the broad, generalised categories of creative endeavours such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, photography and mixed media. (Sometimes also referred to as Art disciplines)
51. A discipline in art. Sculpture is traditionally a three-dimensional form of art. The main methods include carving, modelling, casting and constructing.
52. Hatching is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing closely spaced parallel lines.

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1. line Horizon lines are important in art. They run across the paper or canvas to represent the viewer’s eye level or they delineate/indicate where the sky meets the ground.
3. The relative size of an object. When proportional relationships are created relative to a specific unit of measurement.
4. Perspective is used artists to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface (i.e. depth).
6. spaces Spaces surrounding shapes or forms in two- and three-dimensional art.
7. media A discipline in art. Artworks which include a variety of media (i.e. more than one type of material).
10. ground The area between the foreground and the background in a picture.
11. A term describing the part of a picture which appears to be behind the central area of attention.
14. Having or appearing to have two dimensions: length and breadth. In other words, it is flat (i.e. not three-dimensional).
17. At right angles to a horizontal plane; in a direction, or having an alignment, such that the top is directly above the bottom (e.g. a vertical axis).
18. Parallel to the plane of the horizon; at right angles to the vertical.
19. One of the formal elements. The amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.
22. A dark area or shape produced by a body/object coming between rays of light and a surface.
23. elements The formal elements in art refer to the key/tangible/physical aspects which make up an artwork (e.g. line, shape, tone, texture, colour, pattern, form, volume, space etc.)
24. A discipline in art. A picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, crayon or other dry material rather than paint.
25. A form of art containing a raised surface/shallow relief.
27. One of the formal elements. A pattern is a regular arrangement of lines, shapes and colours e.g. a design in which the same lines, shapes and colours are repeated at regular intervals over a surface.
29. colours The three pairs of opposites on the colour wheel are described as complementary. These are orange/blue, red/green and purple/yellow. When placed against each other they contrast and enhance, so red seems redder when placed next to green. Said differently, they make each other stand out.
30. Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.
31. This is a term used by artists to describe the character of graphic effects in both drawing and painting.
35. A principle of art which explores differences between visual elements in order to create variety, emphasis or interest. Tonal contrast refers to the value, that is, the difference between light and dark. Tonal colour contrast refers to the difference between the lightest and darkest colours.
37. of shapes The arrangement of sculptural elements within a three-dimensional context (i.e. The relationship of the forms to each other and the surrounding space). The equivalent to composition in a two-dimensional context.
38. The arrangement of shapes within a picture plane/two-dimensional surface (e.g. on a painting or drawing). Can be regarded as one of the formal elements.
40. matter The subject represented in a work of art.
43. How far back the image appears to recede from the surface of the picture (the picture plane). The illusion of three-dimensional space created on a two-dimensional surface.
46. shapes Shapes or forms in two-dimensional and three-dimensional art.
48. One of the formal elements. A term denoting the particular quality of brightness, deepness, or shade of a colour.
50. One of the formal elements. The three-dimensional expanse/area in which objects are located (e.g. between, around, above, below and within objects).

Across

1. a formula used to find the distance between two points on a coordinate plane.

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