cells Crossword Puzzles

Animal and Plant Cell Crossword Puzzle 2017-10-17

Animal and Plant Cell Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

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all plants and animals are made up of these
captures sunlight; found only in plant cells
used to make protein; can be found floating in the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm
they help protect you by destroying bacteria that your white blood cells engulf
the brain of the cell; found only in plant and animal cells
the process that plants use the chloroplasts to make their own food
chloroplasts contain a green substance called ______________.
chromosomes are made of this
jelly like fluid mostly made of water that the organelles float in; found in all three types of cells
in plant cells they are large; found in plant and animal cells

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internal delivery system within the cell; found only in plant and animal cells
they have nine groups of three arrangements of the protein fibers
package material to be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum; found in both plant and animal cells
most cells are too small to be seen without a _____________.
the tiny structures inside the cell; like the cell wall, cell membrane, and nucleus
the nucleus also contains the __________ a structure where ribosomes are made.
powerhouse of the cell; used to create food for energy; found in plant and animal cells
there are tiny openings, or ________, in the cell membrane through which material can enter or leave the cell.
provides extra support for plants; found only in plant and bacterial cells
the organel of each cell is based off of the _____________.

20 Clues: chromosomes are made of this • all plants and animals are made up of these • captures sunlight; found only in plant cells • the brain of the cell; found only in plant and animal cells • the organel of each cell is based off of the _____________. • most cells are too small to be seen without a _____________. • ...

Immune System Crossword 2024-05-27

Immune System Crossword crossword puzzle

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An organ that stores and filters blood and makes white blood cells that protect you from infection
Cells that present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response
a fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
A type of T cell that kills infected cells
A type of T cell that helps control the immune response
The body's general, non-specific type of immunity
A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that help the body fight infections and other diseases.
Release histamine and other chemicals during allergic reactions
An organism that causes disease
Soft tissue in the center of bones that produce red and white blood cells

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A type of adaptive immune cell that produces antibodies that neutralize pathogens
A type of T cell that assists other cells in the immune response
A type of innate immune cell that engulfs and digests pathogens and dead cells
Another term for white blood cells (WBC)
A type of innate immune cell that attacks a destroys virus-infected cells and tumor cells
The body's specific type of immunity that is built through exposure to pathogens
A gland behind the breastbone where lymphocytes mature
cells that combat multicellular parasites and have a role in allergic reactions
Y shaped proteins that fight microbes and toxins by recognizing antigens on the surface of microbes
Any molecule that causes an immune response

20 Clues: An organism that causes disease • Another term for white blood cells (WBC) • A type of T cell that kills infected cells • Any molecule that causes an immune response • a fluid that flows through the lymphatic system • The body's general, non-specific type of immunity • A gland behind the breastbone where lymphocytes mature • ...

Blood cells G11 2025-05-20

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cava Large vein bringing deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.
The most common type of leukocyte; highly effective against bacteria.
Shape of a monocyte’s nucleus.
Proteins released by B cells to neutralize pathogens.
Type of immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes.
The liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended.
Largest leukocytes; horseshoe-shaped nucleus; become macrophages.
General term for white blood cells involved in body defenses.
Large cells in bone marrow that produce platelets.
Valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta.
Term for cells that engulf pathogens or debris.
Small particles in cytoplasm of some leukocytes, like neutrophils and eosinophils.

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Phagocytic cells with red-orange granules; active in allergies and parasitic infections.
Flattened, biconcave red blood cells that transport oxygen.
Least common leukocyte; promotes inflammation with dense purple granules.
Platelets help maintain this by sealing wounds and preventing blood loss.
Cell fragments that aid in clotting and tissue repair.
Substance recognized as foreign, triggering immune response.
Jelly-like material in cells where granules may be found.
Term describing blood vessels or valves associated with the lungs.
marrow The tissue where blood cells are produced.
Spherical cells with a large nucleus; include B and T cells.
Shape of red blood cells that increases surface area for gas exchange.
Large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Type of heart valve shaped like a half-moon.

25 Clues: Shape of a monocyte’s nucleus. • Type of heart valve shaped like a half-moon. • Term for cells that engulf pathogens or debris. • Type of immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes. • marrow The tissue where blood cells are produced. • Large cells in bone marrow that produce platelets. • Proteins released by B cells to neutralize pathogens. • ...

Exam chapter 2 (part 1) review 2025-12-10

Exam chapter 2 (part 1) review crossword puzzle

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Fills cells nucleus
Produces proteins for the cell
Has ribosomes
Rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and other organisms
Bigger in the plant cell than the animal cell
Describes how cells are related to living things
Produces ribosomes
Made the discovery of cells
The ability to distinguish details in an objects
Converts food stored in food to energy the cell can use to live and function
Converts energy to food
All cells have this

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In the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight
Allows materials such as water and oxygen to pass through the cell wall
Organisms with specialized cells
Organisms only with one cell
Another word for living thing
Makes cell membrane out of two layers
Basic unit of structure and function in life
Has no ribosomes
Directs cell's activities

21 Clues: Has ribosomes • Has no ribosomes • Produces ribosomes • Fills cells nucleus • All cells have this • Converts energy to food • Directs cell's activities • Made the discovery of cells • Organisms only with one cell • Another word for living thing • Produces proteins for the cell • Organisms with specialized cells • Makes cell membrane out of two layers • ...

Nervous System Histology Crossword 2025-09-28

Nervous System Histology Crossword crossword puzzle

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Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination.
Supporting glial cells of the PNS that form myelin.
Layer of cerebellum containing Purkinje neurons.
Cells lining ventricles of brain and central canal.
Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles.
Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF.
Pigment granules that accumulate in aging neurons.
Junctional complexes sealing endothelial cells in BBB.
Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS.
Outer connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve.
Microscopic gaps between adjacent myelin sheaths.

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Star-shaped glial cells maintaining blood–brain barrier.
Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons.
Highly branched neuronal processes that receive input.
Specialized junction for neuronal communication.
Selective stain method to visualize whole neurons.
Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex.
Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons.
Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS.
Layer of meninges directly attached to brain and cord.

20 Clues: Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS. • Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS. • Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex. • Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons. • Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF. • Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination. • Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles. • Specialized junction for neuronal communication. • ...

Mammalian Cell Culture 2013-04-12

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Fuse with HeLa plasma membrane so that DNA is transported into the cell
A cell-impermeable toadstool mushroom toxin that binds actin
Green Fluorescent Protein detected by fluorescent microscopy
Distinguishing living cells from nonliving cells
Etched glass chamber used to count cells
Artificial introduction of material into cells, typically involving the uptake of DNA
Growth of cells in an artificial environment outside of the organism
Store stocks of cells to prevent the need to have cell lines in culture at all times
A DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell
Liquid designed to support growth of cells outside of the organism
Amino Acid
Make free of MOST live bacteria

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The execution of cell culture procedures without introducing contaminating microorganisms from the environment
Refers to coverage of the flask by the cells
Make free of ALL live bacteria
Describes the behavior of cells in a fluid environment
Crosslinks amino acids to stabilize the cell for examination
A nonionic detergent that disrupts cellular membranes without disturbing protein-protein interactions established by formalde-fresh
Polar Amino Acid that coats the flask
Breaks bonds between cells and lysine

20 Clues: Amino Acid • Make free of ALL live bacteria • Make free of MOST live bacteria • Polar Amino Acid that coats the flask • Breaks bonds between cells and lysine • Etched glass chamber used to count cells • Refers to coverage of the flask by the cells • Distinguishing living cells from nonliving cells • Describes the behavior of cells in a fluid environment • ...

Cells and Governments 2022-04-21

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a country governed by an _______
government by a dictator
found in eukaryotic organisms
systems the same territory is controlled by two other levels of governments
a form of government with a __ as the head
a state governed by a ______
were the earliest and the most basic units of life on Earth.
a system or form by which a community is ruled
minister is the lead of the executive branch government
one of the branches of government
a state of disorder
a country's legislative
separates the interior of all cells

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palade granules
largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
a group with a certain equality between its members
Cells contain _____
cells chromeosomes
the gelatinous liquid that fills inside the cell.
found in many animal cells
cells they are specialized for communication
typical of a class,group or body of an opinion
cells contain structures called ____
wall a structural layer surrounding types of cells
Joe Biden is our _____
priests rule in the name of god or gods
found in plant and fungal cells
a system of government by one person
building blocks

29 Clues: building blocks • palade granules • cells chromeosomes • Cells contain _____ • a state of disorder • Joe Biden is our _____ • a country's legislative • government by a dictator • found in many animal cells • a state governed by a ______ • found in plant and fungal cells • a country governed by an _______ • found in eukaryotic organisms • one of the branches of government • ...

A&P Ch. 23-24 bonus puzzle 2023-11-16

A&P Ch. 23-24 bonus puzzle crossword puzzle

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The primary organ responsible for the maturation of T cells
The fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system
A specialized cell that presents antigens to T cells
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Small proteins released by cells to communicate with and regulate the immune system
A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
The largest lymphatic organ involved in the filtration of blood and immune system activation
The protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells
The process by which white blood cells move towards the site of infection

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The most numerous type of white blood cell
The first line of defense in the immune system, including physical and chemical barriers
The process of blood cell formation
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds to oxygen
The liquid component of blood
The process of stopping bleeding or hemorrhage
A cell fragment involved in blood clotting
A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens
Protective proteins produced by B cells in response to specific antigens
A type of lymphocyte that directly kills infected cells
The percentage of blood composed of red blood cells

20 Clues: The liquid component of blood • The process of blood cell formation • The most numerous type of white blood cell • A cell fragment involved in blood clotting • The process of stopping bleeding or hemorrhage • A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens • A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production • The percentage of blood composed of red blood cells • ...

Specific Immune Response 2024-06-14

Specific Immune Response crossword puzzle

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Cause pathogens to clump together
Treated by insulin injections, pancreas transplant and immunosuppressant drugs
Immune system stops recognising 'self cells' and starts attacking healthy body tissue
Y-shaped glycoproteins called immunoglobulins
Body responds to antigens found outside the cells
Activated B cell divides by mitosis to give plasma cells and B memory cells
Type of cytokine produced by T-Helper Cells
B cells develop into B memory cells in case the same pathogen enters the body again
Affects skin and joints, can attack any organ
Type of B lymphocyte that forms plasma cell clones
T lymphocytes respond to cells of the organism that have been changed in some way e.g. early cancers and viral infections
Affects joints, no cure
Type of B lymphocyte that provides immunological memory

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Activated T-helper cells bind to the B cell APC
Can take days or weeks to become fully effective against a particular pathogen
Engulf and digest pathogens in phagocytosis
Type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies for a particular antigen
Kills pathogens by making a hole in the membrane - produced by T-Killer Cells
Bind to toxins produced by pathogens
Mechanism where antibodies bind to complementary antigens

20 Clues: Affects joints, no cure • Cause pathogens to clump together • Bind to toxins produced by pathogens • Engulf and digest pathogens in phagocytosis • Type of cytokine produced by T-Helper Cells • Y-shaped glycoproteins called immunoglobulins • Affects skin and joints, can attack any organ • Activated T-helper cells bind to the B cell APC • ...

oncology key words 2026-04-01

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Lowest point of blood counts after chemo
Low white blood cells
Toxic to cells (kills cells)
Worsening of disease
Benign tumor of glandular tissue
therapy Radiation used to kill cancer cells
Expected outcome
Tissue removal to diagnose cancer
Mass of abnormal cells
barrier Protects brain from harmful substances
Low red blood cells → fatigue
count Measures infection-fighting WBCs
Spread of cancer to other body areas
blood Hidden blood not visible
Low platelets → bleeding risk
Inflammation of mucous membranes
Hair loss
Dry mouth
Skin peeling
Symptom relief, not cure
inhibition Normal cells stop growing when touching
Swelling from lymph fluid buildup
Virus that can cause cancer

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Study of cancer
Drug that damages tissue if leaked
From the same patient (own cells)
Area of abnormal tissue
Emits radiation
situ Cancer remains in original location
Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Non-cancerous, does not spread
Additional treatment after primary therapy
Cell copying process
Loss of appetite
Cancerous, spreads
Test for hidden blood in stool
New abnormal tissue growth (tumor)
Cancer of lymphatic system
Drugs that destroy cancer cells
Substance that causes cancer
Drug that prevents/kills cancer cells
Low neutrophils → HIGH infection risk
Mouth inflammation
Radioactive substance for diagnosis/treatment
Cells that may become cancer
Patient’s normal starting data
Cell division
Black, tarry stool (GI bleeding)

48 Clues: Hair loss • Dry mouth • Skin peeling • Cell division • Study of cancer • Emits radiation • Expected outcome • Loss of appetite • Cancerous, spreads • Mouth inflammation • Worsening of disease • Cell copying process • Low white blood cells • Mass of abnormal cells • Area of abnormal tissue • Symptom relief, not cure • Cancer of lymphatic system • Virus that can cause cancer • ...

mikael period:1 2021-09-22

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cells come from other cells,cells keep you alive,living things are made of cells.,organization,ability to grow and develop,ability to reproduce and make copies.
tough outer covering of plant cells.
outer covering.
basic unit of living things.
organelle where energy is made,stored and released.
tool to see small.
parts within a cell.
cells work together.
whole living thing.
gel inside the cell.
organs work together.

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plant organelle where sunlight is turned into energy.
cells,tissue,organs,organ system,organism.
different parts do different jobs.
many celled.
one cell.
stores dna (information for all cells.)

17 Clues: one cell. • many celled. • outer covering. • tool to see small. • whole living thing. • parts within a cell. • cells work together. • gel inside the cell. • organs work together. • basic unit of living things. • different parts do different jobs. • tough outer covering of plant cells. • stores dna (information for all cells.) • cells,tissue,organs,organ system,organism. • ...

Cancer 2016-01-04

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The use of drugs that stimulate the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells
Refers to when cancer cells don't respond to medicine or treatment
A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys
Cancer of the part of the immune system
The use of drugs to attack cancer and reduce the rate at which cancer cells reproduce
An x-ray of the breast
A doctor who treats patients who have cancer
A cancer that starts in cells called lymphocytes
A type of liver cancer
removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
Large, unusual cells that are a sign of Hodgkin disease
Type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells
A malignant tumor of the eye that usually appears in the first 3 years of life
When cancer symptoms disappear or are significantly reduced
An uncommon but extremely serious form of skin cancer
A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells
Abnormal body cells grouped together in a mass or lump
A substance or agent that causes cancer

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A doctor who specializes in using radiation to kill cancer cells
Found on one side of the body
A cancer in which the lymph cells multiply uncontrollably, comes in two types Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins
A procedure in which cells are removed from the cervix and examined for signs of cancer
A mass of cells that grow more rapidly than normal cells but more slowly than most cancer cells and do not spread to other areas of the body
A mass of cancer cells
A procedure that involves replacing unhealthy bone marrow with healthy bone marrow cells from a donor
The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body
The reappearance of cancer after it has been treated
Found on both sides of the body; cancer found in paired organs
A cancer of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow
A tumor that grows in the body's connective tissue, like muscle, cartilage, or bone

30 Clues: An x-ray of the breast • A mass of cancer cells • A type of liver cancer • Found on one side of the body • Cancer of the part of the immune system • A substance or agent that causes cancer • A doctor who treats patients who have cancer • A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells • A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys • ...

Immuno-Puzzle 2024-02-03

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____ secrete reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and nitric oxide, to mediate killing
_____ T cells that coordinate the activities of other immune cells like B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages
Macrophages present in the liver
Lymphoid tissue present in the nasal passages
____ primarily defend against parasites
___ is an example for biological vector
Erythroblasts produce __
A kind of filaments helps to maintain the flexibility and overall shape of the lymphatic capillaries
CALT – C represents for
Cells example for innate immunity
Bean-shaped structures scattered throughout the lymphatic network
Lymph eventually reach the bloodstream via ___ duct
Plasma cells produce ___
The process of transport of WBCs across the blood vessels

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Origin of immune cells
Example for a granulocytes
A type of contact transmission occurs when a person coughs, sneezes or speaks near others
_____ T cells detect cells infected by viruses
___ carrier is a person who recovered from the disease, but continues to harbor the pathogen
Example for antigen presenting cells
This is present in sweat, tears and many other secretions
Basophils are best known for
Lymphoid tissue located under the throat
____ cells found in the GALT of the small intestine for antigen sampling
Adaptive immunity
Immune cell aggregates lining the bronchial regions
The fluid in the lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic system maintains the ___ fluid volume at constant level
The respiratory tract is lined with little hair-like structures
A kind of immunity that cannot differentiate between the pathogens having similar structures
T cells maturation

31 Clues: Adaptive immunity • T cells maturation • Origin of immune cells • CALT – C represents for • Erythroblasts produce __ • Plasma cells produce ___ • Example for a granulocytes • Basophils are best known for • Macrophages present in the liver • Cells example for innate immunity • The fluid in the lymphatic vessels • Example for antigen presenting cells • ...

ELP-CELLS CROSSWORD 2018-08-01

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The location where photosynthesis takes place.
The clear fluid flowing within each cell.
The structure that protects the nucleus.
The living border around each cell.
Tiny living units of structure.
A microscope with more than one objective.
All ____things are composed of cells.
An example of a simple microscope.
Established the term: cells
The dark body within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
A device that allowed cells to be discovered.

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The organelle that provides energy for the cell.
Proposed that all plants are made of cells.
Organisms that are composed of only one cell.
String-like structures that are composed of DNA.
Organisms composed of more than one cell.
Developed the first microscope.
Another word for "cell membrane".
A microscope with only one objective.
The non-living border around a plant cell.
Cells are the _____ unit of life.
Proposed that all animals are made of cells.
The storage center of the cell.
Proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells.
The green pigment found within plant cells.
Organelles that create protein within the cell.
The structure that contains genetic material.

27 Clues: Established the term: cells • Developed the first microscope. • The storage center of the cell. • Tiny living units of structure. • Another word for "cell membrane". • Cells are the _____ unit of life. • An example of a simple microscope. • The living border around each cell. • A microscope with only one objective. • All ____things are composed of cells. • ...

The Immune System 2015-04-12

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Cells Antibody-secreting effector B cells
Gland in the thoracic cavity of the heart (where T cells mature)
Presentation MHC binds to a piece of an antigen within the cell and brings it to the surface.
response Chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid and swell
immunodeficiency virus the infectious agent that causes AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus
Killer A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells
Immune Response The acquired immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposure to a particular antigen. (more rapid, stronger, and of longer duration than primary)
Programmed cell death
Cells A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body’s responses to stimuli.
The most abundant type of white blood cell. They are phagocytic cells.
Immune Response The selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes the first time the body is exposed to an antigen.
A protein released by animal cells that has the property of inhibiting virus replication.
cells An antigen-presenting cell that is particularly efficient in presenting antigens to naive helper T cells, thereby initiating a primary response.
cytokines with functions that include attracting white blood cells to sites of infection.

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immune response One of the two branches of acquired immunity; the activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells, which directly destroy certain target cells.
immunity Immunity conferred by the natural exposure to an infectious agent.
immune response One of the two branches of acquired immunity; the activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph.
A phagocytic cell present in many tissues that function by destroying microbes.
shock an acute, whole body, life-threatening, allergic response
immunity The kind of defense that is mediated by phagocytic cells, antimicrobial proteins, the inflammatory response, and natural killer cells. It is present before exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth
Any foreign molecule that is specifically recognized by lymphocytes and elicits a response from them.
Large marsupial
cells A cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
disease an immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against itself
T-cell central to the acquired immune responses; responds to peptide antigens displayed on antigen-presenting cells and in turn stimulates the activation of nearby B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
A type of white blood cell with low phagocytic activity
immunity immunity conferred by transferring antibodies from an individual who is immune to a particular infectious agent to someone who is not

27 Clues: Large marsupial • Programmed cell death • Cells Antibody-secreting effector B cells • A type of white blood cell with low phagocytic activity • response Chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid and swell • shock an acute, whole body, life-threatening, allergic response • Gland in the thoracic cavity of the heart (where T cells mature) • ...

CARDIAC MUSCLE 2019-12-11

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Involuntary heart ________ also a function of cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle cells appear striated or striped under a __________.
Cardiac muscle tissue is one of the three types of _______ tissue.
Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________.
Its contraction is not under ________ control.
________ muscle is found in the heart wall.
Cells joined end-to-end with ________ disk in between.
When a cardiac muscle cell contracts, the ________ filament pulls the actin filaments toward each other.
The heart acts as a pump to propel blood through the _______ vessels.
Cardiac muscle tissue, or myocardium, contains cells that expand and contract in __________ to electrical impulses from the nervous system.
Cardiac cells have only a single _________.
Your nervous system sends _________ to pacemaker cells that prompt them to either speed up or slow down your heart rate.
It is responsible for keeping the heart pumping and blood circulating around the _______.
The cell uses ATP to ______ this contraction.

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Pacemaker cells are ________ to other cardiac muscle cells, allowing them to pass along signals.
Cardiac muscle also called heart muscle or ________.
Pacemaker cells control the ________ of your heart.
Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle.
cardiac muscle has __________.
_________ of cardiac muscle is pumping blood.
Cardiac muscle fibers also possess many mitochondria and _______.
This through specialized cells called _______ cells.
Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus.
Cardiac muscle fibers are ________ than skeletal muscle fibers.
The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood.

25 Clues: cardiac muscle has __________. • ________ muscle is found in the heart wall. • Cardiac cells have only a single _________. • Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle. • Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________. • Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus. • _________ of cardiac muscle is pumping blood. • The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood. • ...

immune system 2022-03-31

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response - a complex series of events that invlves many chemicals and immune cells that hep enhance the overall immune response
Cells - long living cells that are exposed to the antigen during the primary immune response
proteins - enhance phagocytosis by helping the phagocytic cells bind better to pathogens and activating the phagocytes
- blood cells that ingest bacteria and remove dead neutophils and other debris
Organs - The organs of the hymphatic system contain lymphatic tissue, lymphocytes, a few other cell types, and connective tissue
Cells - located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought of as antibody factories
- virus infected cells secrete a protein
Barrier - the first major line of defense is the unbroken skin and its secretions
- a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow
T Cells - destroy pathogens and release chemicals called cytokines
Defense - if foreign microorganisms enter the body, the cells of the immune system defend the body

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- blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals
- blood cells that ingest bacteria
- secreted by many inner surfaces of the body
System - includes organs and cells that filter lymph and blood, destroy foreign microorganisms, and absorb fat
- proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically react with a foreign antigen
- like strong walls of a fort, barriers are used by the body to protect against pathogens
T Cell - the processed antigen on its surface, binds to a type of lymphocyte
- called vaccinations
Barriers - Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain the enzyme lysozyme
Acid - secreted in your stomach

21 Clues: - called vaccinations • Acid - secreted in your stomach • - blood cells that ingest bacteria • - virus infected cells secrete a protein • - secreted by many inner surfaces of the body • - blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals • - a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow • ...

immune system 2022-03-31

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response - a complex series of events that invlves many chemicals and immune cells that hep enhance the overall immune response
Cells - long living cells that are exposed to the antigen during the primary immune response
proteins - enhance phagocytosis by helping the phagocytic cells bind better to pathogens and activating the phagocytes
- blood cells that ingest bacteria and remove dead neutophils and other debris
Organs - The organs of the hymphatic system contain lymphatic tissue, lymphocytes, a few other cell types, and connective tissue
Cells - located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought of as antibody factories
- virus infected cells secrete a protein
Barrier - the first major line of defense is the unbroken skin and its secretions
- a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow
T Cells - destroy pathogens and release chemicals called cytokines
Defense - if foreign microorganisms enter the body, the cells of the immune system defend the body

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- blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals
- blood cells that ingest bacteria
- secreted by many inner surfaces of the body
System - includes organs and cells that filter lymph and blood, destroy foreign microorganisms, and absorb fat
- proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically react with a foreign antigen
- like strong walls of a fort, barriers are used by the body to protect against pathogens
T Cell - the processed antigen on its surface, binds to a type of lymphocyte
- called vaccinations
Barriers - Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain the enzyme lysozyme
Acid - secreted in your stomach

S. Brakke Immuno Intro Crossword 2023-09-25

S. Brakke Immuno Intro Crossword crossword puzzle

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This T cell type assists other white blood cells in immunologic processes. CD4+. Has type 1 and type 2.
This T cell kills target cells directly. CD8+
full word for a substance that induces an immune response.Recognized by Ab, BCR, Peptide on MHC
a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies when it differentiates into a plasma cell. Can be naive, plasma cell, or memory cell.
The part of an antibody that BINDS to the antigen.
A large white blood cell that ingests foreign particles and infectious microorganisms.
T cell type that suppresses/limits immune responses. CD4
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong. Different types related to different immune functions. Ex. IgE -allergies
full word for a molecule found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. This can bind TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells

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Combination therapy for HIV that includes three antiretroviral medications. These medications are consistently altered based on the status of the patient and the different variances in the populations of HIV cells, one of the fastest evolving things on the planet.
abbreviation for cells that present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response. Ex. dendritic cells
full word for the general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.Can be helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic.
full word for the family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
full word for a protein produced by the adaptive immune system that recognizes and binds to specific foreign substances. Highly variable. Lock and key type binding.
abbreviation for the type of immune cell involved in the destruction of virus-infected cells and tumor cells.Innate immunity.
A surface protein on certain T cells, often associated with helper T cells. (TH and Treg)
A surface protein on certain T cells, often associated with cytotoxic T cells.(TC)
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
general term for proteins that recognize molecular patterns on pathogens
Molecular patterns found on pathogens and recognized by the innate immune system.
A transcription factor associated with regulatory T cells.
Motifs found in cytoplasmic tails of immune receptors. involved in signal transduction
Abbreviation for a complex that presents peptides from inside the cell to T cells. Class I and II.

25 Clues: This T cell kills target cells directly. CD8+ • The part of an antibody that BINDS to the antigen. • T cell type that suppresses/limits immune responses. CD4 • A transcription factor associated with regulatory T cells. • a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells • general term for proteins that recognize molecular patterns on pathogens • ...

Cell Theory Crossword 2021-08-18

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how prokaryotic cells reproduce
this organism is a prokaryote
tail that moves prokaryotic cells
simple, small cell type
schleidens friend who discovered animal cells
the cell theory has _________ parts
eukaryotic cells reproduce this way

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scientist that concluded all cells come from existing cells
you use this science tool to see cells
Leeuwenhoek called cells this
_______ cells come from preexisting cells
large, complex cell type
bacteria that causes food poisoning
there are many strands of this genetic material in eukaryotic cells
looked at cork and discovered cells

15 Clues: simple, small cell type • large, complex cell type • this organism is a prokaryote • Leeuwenhoek called cells this • how prokaryotic cells reproduce • tail that moves prokaryotic cells • bacteria that causes food poisoning • looked at cork and discovered cells • the cell theory has _________ parts • eukaryotic cells reproduce this way • you use this science tool to see cells • ...

Cancer 2016-01-04

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A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys
A cancer that starts in cells called lymphocytes
The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body
A doctor who specializes in using radiation to kill cancer cells
A doctor who treats patients who have cancer
Found on both sides of the body; cancer found in paired organs
Large, unusual cells that are a sign of Hodgkin disease
An x-ray of the breast
A substance or agent that causes cancer
A malignant tumor of the eye that usually appears in the first 3 years of life
A cancer in which the lymph cells multiply uncontrollably, comes in two types Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins
Found on one side of the body

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The use of drugs to attack cancer and reduce the rate at which cancer cells reproduce
Cancer of the part of the immune system
Refers to when cancer cells don't respond to medicine or treatment
removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
A procedure that involves replacing unhealthy bone marrow with healthy bone marrow cells from a donor
A type of liver cancer
A tumor that grows in the body's connective tissue, like muscle, cartilage, or bone
The reappearance of cancer after it has been treated
Type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells
When cancer symptoms disappear or are significantly reduced
A cancer of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow
The use of drugs that stimulate the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells
A procedure in which cells are removed from the cervix and examined for signs of cancer
An uncommon but extremely serious form of skin cancer
A mass of cells that grow more rapidly than normal cells but more slowly than most cancer cells and do not spread to other areas of the body
A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells
Abnormal body cells grouped together in a mass or lump
A mass of cancer cells

30 Clues: A type of liver cancer • An x-ray of the breast • A mass of cancer cells • Found on one side of the body • Cancer of the part of the immune system • A substance or agent that causes cancer • A doctor who treats patients who have cancer • A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells • A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys • ...

Immunology 2 2023-11-15

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CD4+ T cells that assist in immune responses by activating other immune cells.
Protein molecule found on cytotoxic T cells that binds to MHC class I molecules and plays a role in the immune response.
Cell surface proteins that present antigens to helper T cells (CD4+) for immune response activation.
Selection Process in the thymus where T cells that strongly react against self-antigens are eliminated.
Signals required for full activation of T cells upon antigen recognition, providing secondary activation signals.
Protein molecule found on helper T cells that binds to MHC class II molecules and plays a role in the immune response.
Process in the thymus where T cells that recognize self-MHC molecules survive.
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells. Examples include dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B cells.

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Lymphoid tissue in the small intestine that plays a role in mucosal immunity.
Organ where T cells mature and undergo positive and negative selection.
Intracellular vesicles involved in the processing of exogenous antigens for presentation by MHC class II molecules.
Signaling proteins that regulate cell migration and are involved in immune cell attraction to specific sites.
Node Small, bean-shaped organs where immune cells gather to facilitate immune responses and filter lymph.
A type of APC that plays a critical role in initiating immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells.
Cell surface proteins that present antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) for immune response activation.
Mechanism by which the immune system does not attack the body's own cells.
(Natural Regulatory T Cells): Subset of T cells that suppress excessive immune responses and maintain self-tolerance.

17 Clues: Organ where T cells mature and undergo positive and negative selection. • Mechanism by which the immune system does not attack the body's own cells. • Lymphoid tissue in the small intestine that plays a role in mucosal immunity. • CD4+ T cells that assist in immune responses by activating other immune cells. • ...

Immunology Acronym List 2023-09-28

Immunology Acronym List crossword puzzle

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Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction

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C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
Macrophage: large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
Cell adhesion molecule
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
immune response
Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others; transmit activating signals in innate immunity, humoral immunity and ADCC
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Human immunodeficiency virus
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection

36 Clues: immune response • Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection • ...

Immunology Crossword Puzzle 2023-10-01

Immunology Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

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“Mannose-binding lectin”: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
“Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity”: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
“Acquired immune deficiency syndrome”: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
“C-reactive protein”: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
“Cell mediated immunity”: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
“Immunoglobulin”, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
“Cytotoxic T lymphocytes”: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
T cell, T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
“Antibody”: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
“Antigen”: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
“lipopolysaccharide”: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
“Cluster of differentiation”: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another

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cell adhesion molecule
“Complementarity determining regions”: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
“Human Immunodeficiency Virus”
“Major histocompatibility complex”: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
“Dendritic cell”: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
“Nuclear factor of activated T cells”: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
“Interleukin”: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
“Immune Response”
“Human leukocyte antigen”: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
“Highly active anti-retroviral therapy”: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
cell, B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
T cell, T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity

25 Clues: “Immune Response” • cell adhesion molecule • “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” • “Antibody”: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • “Human leukocyte antigen”: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • “Acquired immune deficiency syndrome”: the end stage of disease in HIV infection • ...

Israel 2022-09-21

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something that looks like a cell
to see cells
In plant cell
membrane in all cells
carries oxygen
epithelium waves like grass in wind
made of cells
Very dark part of cell
has tiny threads
In male cells
Short cytoplasm

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Contains chlorophyll
has long extension
Small organism
has long axons
found in a leaf
has organs
made of tissues
surface of onion
In all cells

20 Clues: has organs • to see cells • In all cells • In plant cell • made of cells • In male cells • Small organism • has long axons • carries oxygen • found in a leaf • made of tissues • Short cytoplasm • surface of onion • has tiny threads • has long extension • Contains chlorophyll • Very dark part of cell • membrane in all cells • something that looks like a cell • epithelium waves like grass in wind

Israel 2022-09-21

Across

something that looks like a cell
to see cells
In plant cell
membrane in all cells
carries oxygen
epithelium waves like grass in wind
made of cells
Very dark part of cell
has tiny threads
In male cells
Short cytoplasm

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Contains chlorophyll
has long extension
Small organism
has long axons
found in a leaf
has organs
made of tissues
surface of onion
In all cells

Israel 2022-09-21

Across

something that looks like a cell
to see cells
In plant cell
membrane in all cells
carries oxygen
epithelium waves like grass in wind
made of cells
Very dark part of cell
has tiny threads
In male cells
Short cytoplasm

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Contains chlorophyll
has long extension
Small organism
has long axons
found in a leaf
has organs
made of tissues
surface of onion
In all cells

The Immune System 2021-10-18

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artificially produced antibodies
Triggered by B-cells
a way in which T-Cells kill
One of the Types of cells B-cells churn out
Another word for killer T-cell?
Memory cells function are the basis for these?
Type of cell already in the body from a previous exposure
a type of B-cell

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Invading or foreign cells
Cells that mature in the thymus
antibody mediated immune response
Macrophages produce these when engulfing pathogens
phagocyte antigen presenting cells
B and T cells
a y shaped protein
Alternative name for an antibody

16 Clues: B and T cells • a type of B-cell • a y shaped protein • Triggered by B-cells • Invading or foreign cells • a way in which T-Cells kill • Cells that mature in the thymus • Another word for killer T-cell? • artificially produced antibodies • Alternative name for an antibody • antibody mediated immune response • phagocyte antigen presenting cells • ...

Israel 2022-09-21

Across

something that looks like a cell
to see cells
In plant cell
membrane in all cells
carries oxygen
epithelium waves like grass in wind
made of cells
Very dark part of cell
has tiny threads
In male cells
Short cytoplasm

Down

Contains chlorophyll
has long extension
Small organism
has long axons
found in a leaf
has organs
made of tissues
surface of onion
In all cells

A&PII Exam III Review 2026-03-11

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Lymphatics located in subcutaneous tissues
_____ tonsils are located in the posterior oral cavity
Substances that induce fever
Molecule on B cells that binds antigen
Tonsil located in the nasopharynx
Trunks draining lower limbs and pelvic organs
Keratinized epithelial barrier protecting against pathogens
Antibody region responsible for antigen binding
Age-related shrinkage of the thymus
Lymphoid nodules in the pharynx intercepting pathogens
Molecules that present antigen fragments on cell surfaces
The cisterna _____ collects lymph from intestinal trunks
Another class of interferon proteins
Physical structures preventing pathogen entry
Immune cells responsible for adaptive immunity
Lymphatic vessels occur in most vascularized _____
Natural _____ cells destroy infected cells
Pyrogens produced by immune cells
Inner lymph node region containing plasma cells
Chemical mediator released by mast cells
Expansion of lymphocytes after antigen recognition
Network of vessels that transports lymph toward the heart
Cells that perform phagocytosis of debris and pathogens
Heavy _____ determine antibody class
Large lymphatic channels receiving lymphatic trunks
Antiviral proteins produced during viral infection
Membrane attack _____ forms pores in pathogens
T cells that suppress immune responses
Tonsils located at the base of the tongue
The _____ duct drains most of the body
Process of B cells becoming plasma cells
Antibody region interacting with immune cells
Trunks that drain the upper limbs
Outer region of a lymph node containing B cell follicles
Spread of cancer cells through lymphatic drainage pathways
Adaptive immunity provides highly _____ antigen targeting
Anchoring _____ prevent collapse of lymphatic capillaries
Skeletal _____ contractions help push lymph through vessels
Tight _____ prevent microbial penetration between cells
Sticky secretion that traps pathogens
One class of interferon proteins
Elevated body temperature caused by pyrogens
Cells that engulf microbes during innate immunity
Thin endothelial walls increase vessel permeability
Lymphatics found along major arteries and veins
Programmed cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells
Process of displaying antigens to T cells
Interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels
Fluid accumulation causing tissue enlargement

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Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells
Immune response to tissue injury or infection
Increased vessel _____ allows immune cells to exit blood
Major antigen-presenting cells found in tissues
The _____ lymphatic duct drains the right upper quadrant
Pressure changes during _____ assist lymph movement
Trunks draining thoracic organs
Major lymphatic vessels draining large body regions
Interferon type that activates immune cells
Small bean-shaped organs that filter lymph
Primary lymphoid organ responsible for T cell maturation
Germinal _____ are sites of rapid B cell proliferation
Complement pathway activated by antigen-antibody complexes
Intestinal lymphoid aggregates called _____ patches
Widening of blood vessels during inflammation
Complement pathway activated directly by pathogen surfaces
Hormones secreted by the thymus regulating T cell development
Flexible region allowing antibody movement
Type of immunity present at birth
T cells that destroy infected or abnormal cells
Immunity that develops after antigen exposure
Structures that move mucus out of respiratory tract
B cell clusters found in the lymph node cortex
One classic sign of inflammation
Proteins that create pores in target cells
Skin secretion containing antimicrobial compounds
Smallest lymphatic vessels that begin as blind-ended sacs
Molecules capable of triggering an immune response
_____ lymphoid tissue contains scattered immune cells
Tissue that replaces thymic tissue with aging
Lymph node region containing T lymphocytes
Structures that prevent backward movement of lymph
Lymphatic trunks draining head and neck
Sensory response associated with inflammation
Cells that produce and secrete antibodies
Surface folds in tonsils that trap pathogens
Group of plasma proteins involved in immune defense
Lymphatic capillaries have a larger _____ than blood capillaries
Enzymes that trigger apoptosis in infected cells
Pyrogens produced by pathogens
Abbreviation for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Cell destruction caused by membrane attack complexes
T cells that activate other immune cells
Disease-causing microorganisms detected by the immune system
Oily skin secretion that creates acidic environment
Long-term immune protection after infection

95 Clues: Substances that induce fever • Pyrogens produced by pathogens • Trunks draining thoracic organs • One classic sign of inflammation • One class of interferon proteins • Tonsil located in the nasopharynx • Pyrogens produced by immune cells • Type of immunity present at birth • Trunks that drain the upper limbs • Age-related shrinkage of the thymus • ...

Host Defenses II – Adaptive Defenses & Immunization 2026-03-19

Host Defenses II – Adaptive Defenses & Immunization crossword puzzle

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CELLS Cells that kill infected cells
microorganism
that bind to antigens
substance that triggers an immune response
White blood cells that are key in adaptive immunity
ability to resist infection
immediate defense system
Cells involved in cell-mediated immunity

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of antigen to create immunity
of immune system to respond faster second time
immunity with memory
of engulfing pathogens
CELLS Cells that activate other immune cells
Cells that produce antibodies
CELLS Cells that control immune response

15 Clues: microorganism • immunity with memory • that bind to antigens • of engulfing pathogens • immediate defense system • ability to resist infection • of antigen to create immunity • Cells that produce antibodies • CELLS Cells that kill infected cells • CELLS Cells that control immune response • Cells involved in cell-mediated immunity • substance that triggers an immune response • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

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An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.

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The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
_________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

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Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.

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Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
_________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.

Immune System Crossword 2023-02-27

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This occurs when mast cells release compounds to dilate blood vessels.
Large phagocytes that develop from monocytes. These are slower to respond to an infection but stay on the site longer.
Type of cytokine that acts as a signaling molecule. They attract, activate, and direct the movement of different immune cells.
Common clinical symptom of wide spread inflammation. Hypothalamus increases body temperature in order to help prevent pathogens from replicating. Also promotes the activity of certain lymphocytes.
Type of cytokine that responds to infections by viruses or other intracellular parasites. Type one inhibits viral replication and activates NK cells. Type two stimulates macrophages to destroy tumor cells and host cells that are infected by a virus.
Type of cell that is responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. Matures into plasma cells which creates specific antibodies.
The most common white blood cell that responds quickly to an infection but also quickly "loses interest" in it.
Type of cell responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Attacks body cells infected by pathogens, foreign cells, or cells altered by mutations.
This type of cell is a large, granular lymphocyte that use perforins to form pores in target cells. They destroy targets by nonspecific and specific (antibody-mediated) processes.
Type of immunity where the immune system recognizes specific molecules as foreign.
A large and diverse group of peptides and proteins that signal molecules as well as regulate the immune response. They are produced by a wide variety of cells.

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Type of immunity that provides an immediate, general protection against pathogens, parasites, some toxins and drugs, and cancer cells.
Type of cytokine that stimulates immune cells to initiate an inflammatory response. It also acts on the hypothalamus to induce fever. A large release of this can lead to septic shock.
This type of cell develops from monocytes and has long extensions of the cytoplasm. They capture microbial antigens by phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis.
This type of immune system response involves vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and increased phagocytosis.
Compound secreted by mast cells which increase capillary permeability.
Type of cytokine that affects the cell that produced it.
Study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals.
Type of cytokine that regulates the activities of nearby cells. They only last a short amount of time.
This type of protein involves a cascade of reactions. They work to destroy pathogens by creating pores in pathogens, coating pathogens so macrophages can phagocytose them easier, attract white blood cells to the infection site, and bind to receptors on immune system cells to stimulate them.
Type of cytokine that is mainly secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes. They work to regulate interactions between white blood cells and other cells. Type one works with TNF to mediate inflammation. Type twelve stimulates NK cells and T cells to produce INF-gamma.

21 Clues: Type of cytokine that affects the cell that produced it. • Study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals. • This occurs when mast cells release compounds to dilate blood vessels. • Compound secreted by mast cells which increase capillary permeability. • Type of immunity where the immune system recognizes specific molecules as foreign. • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

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Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
_________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?

Down

Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

Across

Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
_________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?

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Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.

Lymphatic System 2025-04-02

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Effector cells for T cells that produce toxic agents to kill their targets.
Site of maturation for T cells.
Site of origin for B and T cells.
Tonsil located on either side at posterior end of the oral cavity.
Secondary organ that gathers and removes pathogens entering the pharynx in food or inhaled air.
Tonsil with lymphoid follicles at base of tongue.
Tonsil located on posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
This system returns fluids that leaked from the vascular system back to the blood.
These drain large areas of the body.

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Surface receptors for B cells.
Effector cells for B cells.
Tonsil that surrounds openings of auditory tubes into the pharynx.
Effector cells for T cells that suppress immune response.
This duct receives lymph from a majority of the body.
Effector cells for T cells that stimulate B cells to make antibodies and T cells to become active.
Secondary organ that provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
Secondary organ where macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and other debris to prevent them from being delivered to the blood.
This lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the head, and the thorax.

18 Clues: Effector cells for B cells. • Surface receptors for B cells. • Site of maturation for T cells. • Site of origin for B and T cells. • These drain large areas of the body. • Tonsil with lymphoid follicles at base of tongue. • Tonsil located on posterior wall of the nasopharynx. • This duct receives lymph from a majority of the body. • ...

Cell Growth and Division Ch 10 2018-04-22

Cell Growth and Division Ch 10 crossword puzzle

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1st phase of mitosis
Stimulate the growth and division of cells.
Process of programmed cell death.
Duplicated strands of DNA molecule can be seen to be attached along their length at an area.
Period of growth
Type of reproduction in which cells from 2 parents untie to form the first cell of the new organism.
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle.
Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more specialized cells.
Division of the cytoplasm
DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome.
Cells that are capable of developing into most of the body's cell types.
Cancer cells from a mass of cells
The complex of chromosome and protein.
Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.
3rd phase of mitosis.

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Developing stage of a multi-cellular organism.
2nd phase of mitosis.
1st stage of process division of the cell nucleus.
The process of reproduction a single offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
The process by which a cell divided into 2 daughter cells.
Genetic information bundled into packages of DNA.
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
The series of events cells go through.
4th and final phase of mitosis.
Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
Spindle fibers extended from a region called the centro-some.
A disorder in when body cells lose the ability to control growth.

28 Clues: Period of growth • 1st phase of mitosis • 2nd phase of mitosis. • 3rd phase of mitosis. • Division of the cytoplasm • 4th and final phase of mitosis. • Process of programmed cell death. • Cancer cells from a mass of cells • The series of events cells go through. • The complex of chromosome and protein. • DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome. • ...

RadBio Radiation Effects 2016-12-07

RadBio Radiation Effects crossword puzzle

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White Cells
Platelets
Effect of cell death, resulting in reduction in size of tissue or organ
Red blood cells that are the transportation agents for oxygen.
Reduction in white cells of the peripheral blood
Ovarian stem cells encapsulated by primordial follicles during late fetal life
_______illness refers to the acute radiation lethality stage, including hematologic, gastrointestinal, and neuromuscular symptoms
Outer layer of the skin
Rapid rise in scavenger cells
stem cells in the lowest layer of the skin that mature as they slowly migrate to the surface of the epidermis

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Development of germ cells by both ovaries and testes that occurs at varying rates and times
Period during which a subject exposed to radiation is free of visible effects
Platelets involved in blood clotting
______Radiation syndrome is produced by radiation doses of approximately 10 to 50 Gy.
Stem cells of the ovaries
Scavenger cells used to fight bacteria
Reduction in the number of immune response cells
Syndrome of acute clinical symptoms that occur within hours of exposure and continue for up to a day or two.
Loss of hair

19 Clues: Platelets • White Cells • Loss of hair • Outer layer of the skin • Stem cells of the ovaries • Rapid rise in scavenger cells • Platelets involved in blood clotting • Scavenger cells used to fight bacteria • Reduction in the number of immune response cells • Reduction in white cells of the peripheral blood • Red blood cells that are the transportation agents for oxygen. • ...

Biology Chapter 13 Vocab 2023-02-08

Biology Chapter 13 Vocab crossword puzzle

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One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
Disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth
Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
Process of development during which embryonic cells specialize and diverse tissue structures arise

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Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types
Process of reproduction that involves a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
The process of programmed cell death
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
Developing stage of a multicellular organism
Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
Process in which cells divide into new daughter cells

28 Clues: The process of programmed cell death • Developing stage of a multicellular organism • Process in which cells divide into new daughter cells • Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome • Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue • ...

Immunology Terms 2023-10-02

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an antibody or other substance which binds to foreign microorganisms or cells making them more susceptible to phagocytosis ex) IgG
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or
a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be boundby TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
end stage of disease in an HIV infection
natural killer cell; large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell
transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
a soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of complement and acts as an opsonin
inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells
major histocompatibility complex: molecule that binds peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cells

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presenting cell, a cells that is able to present antigen via major histocompatibility complex
generalized characterization of many different cytokines aka chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
member of the TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
a large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine (a constituent in some bacterias) that can trigger complement activation and acts as an opsonin
end product of the complement cascade cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in a pathogen membrane leading to lysis
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
thymus-derived lymphocytes ex)CD4 and CD8
2 acronyms for the family names of common chemokines (chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties)
cell adhesion molecule; surface protein moderating interactions between cells
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells

23 Clues: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • end stage of disease in an HIV infection • thymus-derived lymphocytes ex)CD4 and CD8 • protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules • inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells • ...

Cell History and Types Quiz Review 2024-10-07

Cell History and Types Quiz Review crossword puzzle

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Type of cell that animals and plants are made of
Scientist who identified and named the nucleus
Type of cell that does NOT have a nucleus
Pollen grains and nerve cells have their particular functions due to their unique _____
Structure which surrounds all cells and separates them from their environment (two words, no space)
The flexible network of microtubules which helps to give all cells internal structure

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Schwann determined that all ____ are made of cells
Invented by Zaccharis Jansen
Gel-like fluid all cells are filled with
All cells contain ____, genetic material which contains instructions to build proteins
Type of cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw when he looked at dental scrapings
Specialized structures which have specific tasks and are primarily found in eukaryotic cells
All cells have ribosomes, a structure where ____ are built
Part of the cell theory: all ____ things are made up of cells
Botanist who determined all plants are made of cells
Scientist who coined the term "cell"
Scientist who proposed that new cells come from pre-existing cells dividing
Prokaryotic cells primarily make up single-celled organisms like _____

18 Clues: Invented by Zaccharis Jansen • Scientist who coined the term "cell" • Gel-like fluid all cells are filled with • Type of cell that does NOT have a nucleus • Scientist who identified and named the nucleus • Type of cell that animals and plants are made of • Schwann determined that all ____ are made of cells • Botanist who determined all plants are made of cells • ...

Stem Cells 1 2014-01-02

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The rapidly dividing cell type in stem cell systems
Progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells are _____ because they can only form a few cell types
______ is the best understood stem cell system, and refers to the formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow
The process by which a non stem cell is differentiated into a different type of cell using varying transcription factors
Cell death caused by internal damage to DNA or external death signals that does not cause inflammation
Type of cancer that does not follow the stem cell model, does not show hierarchical structure
Special proteases responsible for apoptosis
Stem cells created using retroviruses transducing specific "Yamanka" genes, reverting it back to a pluripotent state.
Where you are likely to find intestinal stem cells
Embryonic stem cells are considered _______ and can form all 3 germ layers
Inhibiting this in colorectal cancer cells causes them to become normal villus cells
Tumor consisting of multiple germ layers, result of transplanting undifferentiated stem cells

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Stem cells are physiologically ______, meaning they haven't been differentiated
Telomerase is a _______ because it produces DNA from an RNA template
The germ layer that forms muscle and blood cells
Located at the very bottom of crypts and act as niche cells for ISC’s
A GPCR and signaling pathway that regulates ISC proliferation
Protective, noncoding repeats of DNA at the end of chromosomes that prevent damage to genes during replication, and shorten with age
One of the three types of progenitors in the Hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy
To determine if a cell is an HSC, you can perform a functional test or look for _____ on the cell surface
Stage of embryonic development that gives rise to the 3 germ layers

21 Clues: Special proteases responsible for apoptosis • The germ layer that forms muscle and blood cells • Where you are likely to find intestinal stem cells • The rapidly dividing cell type in stem cell systems • A GPCR and signaling pathway that regulates ISC proliferation • Stage of embryonic development that gives rise to the 3 germ layers • ...

Immune System Vocab 2021-05-21

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cytokine that causes an inflammatory response to an injury; resulting in redness, swelling, warmth and pain.
a cell that engulfs large particles or whole cells
fluid found in the lymphatic system
a large white blood cell that attacks pathogen-infected cellsand cancer cells
T-cells shut down system
system that has fights off invading pathogens and preventing spread of cancer
resistance to a certain pathogen
white blood cells engulf forgeign substances and body temperature rises
largest lymphatic organ; disintegrates old red blood cells, produces lymphocytes and plasmids
kill pathogens by puncturing cell membrane
nodes filter lymph for bacteria and tumor cells

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a process where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
a large white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and cellular debris
produces antibodies in response to antigens
a substance that stimulates an immune response
protein that inhibits the reproduction of viruses
white blood cell that protects the body from reinfection by a specific pathogen
initiate chemical response
stimulates an immune response against an antigen
an organism that causes disease

20 Clues: T-cells shut down system • initiate chemical response • an organism that causes disease • resistance to a certain pathogen • fluid found in the lymphatic system • kill pathogens by puncturing cell membrane • produces antibodies in response to antigens • a substance that stimulates an immune response • stimulates an immune response against an antigen • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

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Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
_________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.

Down

Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.

REVISION WORKSHEET ON TISSUES. 2024-02-15

REVISION WORKSHEET ON TISSUES. crossword puzzle

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Waxy coating on plant parts of desert plants.
Interconnections between lignified dead cells.
Muscular tissue which is attached to bones.
Cell of nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissue with flat cells.
This tissue makes the plant parts elastic.
Dividing plant tissue.
Fat containing connective tissue.
Food transporting plant tissue.
Water proofing substance found in cork cells.
Plant tissue with one type of cells only.
Dead plant tissue with lignified walls.
Air spaces between this tissue helps the lotus plant to float on water.
Epithelial Cells which help in secretion.
Water transporting plant tissue.
Plant tissue which helps to increase height.
Cells present in cartilage.

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Many layers of cells of skin.
Water transporting cells with a lot of pits.
Pores present on leaf epidermis which help in gaseous exchange and transpiration.
Tall epithelial cells with nucleus at the base.
Cells which are similar in structure and work towards the same goal.
Non cellular layer beneath the epithelial tissue.
Connects bone to muscle.
Chlorophyll containing Plant tissue.
Muscles which work without fatigue throughout life.
Plant tissue helping in side branching.
Thin walled living plant tissue.
Elastic tissue which Connects bone to bone.
Spindle shaped muscular tissue.
Living cells found in food transporting tissue of plant which do not actually transport food.
Plant tissue which helps to increase girth.

32 Clues: Dividing plant tissue. • Cell of nervous tissue. • Connects bone to muscle. • Cells present in cartilage. • Many layers of cells of skin. • Food transporting plant tissue. • Spindle shaped muscular tissue. • Thin walled living plant tissue. • Water transporting plant tissue. • Fat containing connective tissue. • Epithelial tissue with flat cells. • ...

Cancer Cure 2024-03-12

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a disease that causes inflammation throughout the joints of the body
a method to help treat cancer
a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer
type of white blood cell normally helps the immune system fight infections
a doctor who cares for children with cancer
another type of cell
blood circulating through a person or animal’s body.
a treatment using someone’s immune cells to help kill off dangerous cancer cells.
a machine that helps a patient breathe
a doctor who cares for people with cancer
carry oxygen to other cells throughout the body

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A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells
a unit of hereditary material
a type of cancer that is also very harmful to people
another type of cell called T-cells
protect the body against disease
a large, biological molecule
a disease caused by abnormal cell growth
help form clots that stop a wound from bleeding
Free of cancer, they don’t have it anymore.
a state of unconsciousness
helps fight infections
an experimental study
a molecule that carries instructions for how a cell functions
soft tissue within bones makes blood cells

25 Clues: another type of cell • an experimental study • helps fight infections • a state of unconsciousness • a large, biological molecule • a unit of hereditary material • a method to help treat cancer • protect the body against disease • another type of cell called T-cells • a machine that helps a patient breathe • a disease caused by abnormal cell growth • ...

Cell Terms 2020-11-14

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scientific instrument used to see objects to small for the naked eye.
phospholipid bilayer that regulates what comes in and out of a cell.
concluded that all plants were made of cells.
jelly-like material that fills the entire cell.
a type of eukaryote with no cell wall, rounder shape, and smaller vacuoles.
flat membrane sac that modifies/packages proteins to leave the cell.
concluded that all animals were made of cells.
smaller, more simple cells with no nucleus.
1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure/function in living things 3. New cells come from existing ones.

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bigger, more complex cells with a nucleus.
a type of eukaryote with a cell wall, rectangle shape, and larger vacuoles.
identified the nucleus in the cells.
tiny structures that make proteins and are found on rough ER or in cytoplasm.
membrane enclosed sac that have enzymes for digestion and destroying bacteria/old cell parts.
looked at pond water under a microscope and saw tiny organisms swimming in the water.
concluded that all new cells come from existing cells.
looked at cork under a microscope and saw "little rooms" he called "cells".
the center of the cell and acts as the control center.
rigid cellulose structure that surrounds the cell to protect/support it.
the basic unit of life.

20 Clues: the basic unit of life. • identified the nucleus in the cells. • bigger, more complex cells with a nucleus. • smaller, more simple cells with no nucleus. • concluded that all plants were made of cells. • concluded that all animals were made of cells. • jelly-like material that fills the entire cell. • concluded that all new cells come from existing cells. • ...

Host Defenses I – Overview & Innate Defenses (Chapter 12) 2026-03-17

Host Defenses I – Overview & Innate Defenses (Chapter 12) crossword puzzle

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Microbes that cause disease in a host organism.
Signaling proteins released by infected cells that inhibit viral replication.
Molecules shared by groups of pathogens that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors.
A chemical released during inflammation that increases blood vessel permeability.
A group of proteins in the blood that enhance immune responses and can cause pathogen lysis.
Physical, chemical, and biological barriers that block pathogen entry.
Immune cells that capture antigens and present them to T cells.
Innate immune responses that act inside the body once pathogens have entered.
Receptors on immune cells that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Adaptive immune response involving B cells and antibodies in body fluids.

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The process by which immune cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris.
An elevated body temperature that enhances immune function and inhibits pathogen growth.
White blood cells that lack visible granules in the cytoplasm.
Nonspecific, immediate immune response present from birth.
A life-threatening condition caused by severe systemic infection leading to widespread inflammation and organ failure.
Specific immune response that develops after exposure to a pathogen.
Granulocytes that combat parasites and participate in allergic reactions.
The most abundant white blood cells and the first responders to infection.
response Adaptive immune response involving T cells that target infected or abnormal cells.
A thick fluid composed of dead tissue, pathogens, and immune cells.

20 Clues: Microbes that cause disease in a host organism. • Nonspecific, immediate immune response present from birth. • White blood cells that lack visible granules in the cytoplasm. • Immune cells that capture antigens and present them to T cells. • A thick fluid composed of dead tissue, pathogens, and immune cells. • ...

Tissue Engineering (BIOLOGY OF STEM CELLS) 2025-09-30

Tissue Engineering (BIOLOGY OF STEM CELLS) crossword puzzle

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Clinical procedure of transferring cells or tissues into a patient
Molecules stimulating cell proliferation and survival
Successful integration of transplanted stem cells into host tissue
Family tree of cells showing their origins and fates
Ability of stem cells to grow into colonies in culture
Dormant state of a stem cell in its niche
Stage-specific embryonic antigen used as a pluripotency marker
Term describing therapies that repair or replace damaged tissues
Signaling proteins controlling stem cell growth and differentiation
Surface antigen identifying undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells
Scientific name for red blood cells
Process of separating cells based on their properties (like in FACS)
Field studying moral issues around stem cell research
Stem cell able to produce only one cell type
Location of proteins used as stem cell markers
Movement of transplanted stem cells to their target tissue

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The surroundings that influence stem cell behavior
A cell that has acquired specialized structure and function
Identifying cells by the types of antigens or markers they express
The sequence of steps from stem cell to mature cell
Lineage of blood cells producing B and T cells
Another mesenchymal stem cell surface marker, also called Thy-1
Technique to detect cell surface markers with tagged antibodies
General name for white blood cells
Property defining the essential features of a stem cell
Type of application aimed at treating diseases
MSC marker also known as endoglin
Lineage of blood cells including granulocytes, monocytes, etc
Intermediate cell between a stem cell and fully differentiated cell
Stem cell able to form all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues

30 Clues: MSC marker also known as endoglin • General name for white blood cells • Scientific name for red blood cells • Dormant state of a stem cell in its niche • Stem cell able to produce only one cell type • Lineage of blood cells producing B and T cells • Type of application aimed at treating diseases • Location of proteins used as stem cell markers • ...

Crossword of Transport System 2024-10-31

Crossword of Transport System crossword puzzle

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Substance that makes cell walls waterproof in root cells.
Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water from roots to leaves.
Pores on leaves allowing gas exchange.
Inner protective cell layer, regulating nutrient flow in roots.
Cells within leaves, arranged for maximum light absorption.
Cells with unevenly thickened walls providing flexible support.
Process where plants lose water through leaves.
Type of drawing for detailed study at higher magnification.
Main vein in the leaf that supplies water and nutrients.
Primary tissue that forms new vascular cells within a bundle.
Tissue layer in leaves responsible for photosynthesis.
Specialized root cells that aid in nutrient passage.
Type of drawing used to observe a specimen at low magnification.
Secondary tissue that forms new vascular cells between bundles.
Vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.

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Thick-walled cells that provide structural support.
Barrier in roots that prevents unregulated movement of substances.
Potential energy determining water movement in plant cells.
The tissue located between the epidermis and vascular bundles.
Process where liquid changes into vapor at leaf surfaces.
Tissue system that moves water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Movement path through cell walls and intercellular spaces.
Small opening in cell walls allowing water movement between cells.
Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Water and nutrient movement path inside living cells.
Polymer that strengthens cell walls, especially in woody plants.
Type of plant cells that play a supportive and storage role.
Force that holds water molecules together.
Outermost layer of cells, acting as the plant’s skin.
Outer ring of cells that forms new vascular tissue in roots.
Force that helps water cling to other surfaces.

31 Clues: Pores on leaves allowing gas exchange. • Force that holds water molecules together. • Process where plants lose water through leaves. • Force that helps water cling to other surfaces. • Thick-walled cells that provide structural support. • Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane. • Specialized root cells that aid in nutrient passage. • ...

The Immune System 2022-05-18

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the cells that eat pathogens and release enzymes
the system that manages fluid levels and helps the immune system move things around
the name of the proteins that pathogens have that antibodies identify
a group of cells that make up the bulk of the immune system
the class of diseases that are the result of the immune system attacking your own healthy cells
the cells that make copies of the antigens

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what cells kill infected body cells
the cells that eat invaders
what results from the release of immune cells to an injured area
the proteins that follow antibodies around and break down pathogens
the proteins that identify antigens on pathogens
this is the result of an overactive immune system
where new blood cells are made
the cells that make antibodies
the organ where t cells are made
the severe allergic reaction that can be deadly
the organ that destroys old cells and makes some immune components

17 Clues: the cells that eat invaders • where new blood cells are made • the cells that make antibodies • the organ where t cells are made • what cells kill infected body cells • the cells that make copies of the antigens • the severe allergic reaction that can be deadly • the cells that eat pathogens and release enzymes • the proteins that identify antigens on pathogens • ...

REVIEW- Section 1 2024-04-30

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___ light microscope was the first invented, glass lens, dye to stain cells
Schleiden studied ___ tissues
Specialized structured that carry out specific cell functions
designed microscope after reading Hooke's book
Virchow discovered that cells are ___ from division of existing cells
all___ things are composed of one or more cells
____ cells contain a nucleus and organelles are membrane bound
____ theory explains that one prokaryotic cell living inside or another -> both benefit from relationship
cells are basic unit of ___ and organization
____ microscope uses magnets to aim beams at thin slices of cells
___ membrane: semi permeable boundary that controls what enters/leaves the cell

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Schwann studied ____ tissues
_____ cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
still___ theories or cell diversity
all cells come from pre-existing ___
distant central organelle that contains the cells genetic material (DNA)
first invention of the microscope

17 Clues: Schwann studied ____ tissues • Schleiden studied ___ tissues • first invention of the microscope • still___ theories or cell diversity • all cells come from pre-existing ___ • cells are basic unit of ___ and organization • designed microscope after reading Hooke's book • all___ things are composed of one or more cells • ...

Anatomy 402 Cardiac Muscle Crossword 2014-01-29

Anatomy 402 Cardiac Muscle Crossword crossword puzzle

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70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda"
cardiac muscle is made up of __________ cells rather than fused multi nucleate cells
____ Junctions allow electrical conduction between cells
Heart Muscle Disease
Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums
The nucleus is found at the ______ of cardiac muscle cells
big american football game happening this weekend!!
protein which makes up the A-Band

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Ionic conductance in cardiac muscle cells results in the rapid spread of ______________ between cardiac muscle cells
Cardiac muscle have less distinct _______ than the skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle cells are much _______ than skeletal muscle cells
Possible Medical emergency when fluid leaks into the pericardium restricting optimal/safe cardiac muscle contraction
Change in heart morphology (heart grows larger) due to hypertension
Cardiac cells are approximately 100 _________ in diameter
Increase in the number of cells
The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction
Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen

17 Clues: Heart Muscle Disease • Increase in the number of cells • protein which makes up the A-Band • Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen • 70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda" • Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums • big american football game happening this weekend!! • The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction • ...

The Building Blocks of Life 2025-07-03

The Building Blocks of Life crossword puzzle

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Tiny, single-celled water organisms first seen by Leeuwenhoek.
Scientist who discovered that all animals are made of cells.
Theory Explains what cells are and how they build all living things
The name Leeuwenhoek used for tiny organisms like bacteria.
First to clearly see tiny living cells under a microscope.
Tiny living things made of just one cell.
invented the first microscope.

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Discovered new cells come from existing cells
Living things made of many cells
Plant material Hooke looked at under a microscope.
Named "cells" after looking at cork.
Buildings with small rooms, inspired the word "cell."
living things made of one or more cells.
Scientist who discovered that all plants are made of cells.
First type of microscope that helped develop Cell Theory.
The study of cells.
Division The process where one cell splits to make new cells
The instructions inside cells that control how living things grow and work.

18 Clues: The study of cells. • invented the first microscope. • Living things made of many cells • Named "cells" after looking at cork. • living things made of one or more cells. • Tiny living things made of just one cell. • Discovered new cells come from existing cells • Plant material Hooke looked at under a microscope. • Buildings with small rooms, inspired the word "cell." • ...

Anatomy 402 2014-01-29

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The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction
Cardiac cells are approximately 100 _________ in diameter
Cardiac muscle cells are much _______ than skeletal muscle cells
Possible Medical emergency when fluid leaks into the pericardium restricting optimal/safe cardiac muscle contraction
Ionic conductance in cardiac muscle cells results in the rapid spread of ______________ between cardiac muscle cells
The nucleus is found at the ______ of cardiac muscle cells
____ Junctions allow electrical conduction between cells
cardiac muscle is made up of __________ cells rather than fused multi nucleate cells

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big american football game happening this weekend!!
Heart Muscle Disease
Increase in the number of cells
Change in heart morphology (heart grows larger) due to hypertension
protein which makes up the A-Band
Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen
Cardiac muscle have less distinct _______ than the skeletal muscle
70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda"
Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez crossword puzzle

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/ Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
Blood Cells / <1%
/ Hgm
/ White Blood Cells
Cells / T4 Cells
/ How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\
/ Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
/ Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
/ Blood Clotting
/ Red Blood Cells
Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream
System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity

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/ Deficiency of WBC's
/ Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
Cells / T8 Cells
/ Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
/ Enlargement of the Spleen
/ Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
/ Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
/ Platelets
/ Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
/ Provided by B Cells
Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue

26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • Cells / T8 Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • / Red Blood Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Provided by B Cells • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...

Chapter 10 Vocab 2013-01-17

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period in cell cycle between divisions
part of chromosone that the 2 sister cell chromatids attach
protien that regulates the cell cycle
cells that can develop into most of the bodys cell types
early stage of developementin mammals with a hollow cell ball
2 parent cells unite to form the first cell
cell able to devolop into any type of cell in the body
part of eukaryotic cell division where the nucleous divides
one of 2 identical parts of a duplicated chromosone
substance found in eukaryotic chromosones
thread like, contains genetic information

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events where a cell grows prepares to divide and divides
starting stage of a multi cellular organism
cells start to become specialized in structure and function
programmed cell death
when cytoplasm divided to seperate daughter cells
limited potential to develop into many cells
group of external regulatory protiens that guide the growth and division of cells
process when a cells splits into 2 daughter cells
unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specilized cells

20 Clues: programmed cell death • protien that regulates the cell cycle • period in cell cycle between divisions • substance found in eukaryotic chromosones • thread like, contains genetic information • starting stage of a multi cellular organism • 2 parent cells unite to form the first cell • limited potential to develop into many cells • ...

Pathology Tutorial 1 2026-01-09

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Circulating precursors of macrophages
Plaque-induced inflammatory disease causing soft and hard tissue damage
Singaling proteins that direct immune cell migration
Long-lived phagocytic cells derived from monocytes
Salivary enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls
Cells lining blood vessels involved in immunity
Secretory antibody found in saliva and GCF at the oral mucosa
Cells that kill virus-infected and malignant cells
Signaling proteins coordinating immune responses
Cause or causes of a disease or pathological condition
Most abundant innate immune cells and primary responders in infection

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Cytokines that alter behavior of cell from which they were secreted e.g., self-regulating
Secondary lymphoid organ that filters blood and stores immune cells
Clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid that circulates immune cells
Primary lymphoid organ where T cells mature and are educated
Chemical mediator causing vasodilation and increased permeability
Progressive changes that occur as disease develops
Immune response to an inciting cause (e.g., microorganism or tissue damage)
Cells that produce antibodies
Physical and immunological barrier protecting oral tissues

20 Clues: Cells that produce antibodies • Circulating precursors of macrophages • Cells lining blood vessels involved in immunity • Signaling proteins coordinating immune responses • Progressive changes that occur as disease develops • Long-lived phagocytic cells derived from monocytes • Salivary enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls • ...

Gen Bio Assignment 2024-10-03

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found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells
short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells
an irregularly shaped region in a prokaryotic cell
a cell organelle found in all eukaryotic cells including plants and animals
an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells
a slender threadlike structure
specialized peroxisomes found in plants and also in filamentous fungi
located in the center of a cell
a double membrane-bound organelle involved in the synthesis and storage of food commonly found within the cells of photosynthetic plants.

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a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell
an organelle present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells
a large number of living cells acting as the site of protein synthesis
a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane
a small hair-like protuberances on the outside of eukaryotic cells
a single most membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm
the powerhouse of the cells
the outer most layer surrounding cells outside the cell membrane

18 Clues: the powerhouse of the cells • a slender threadlike structure • located in the center of a cell • an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells • a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell • a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane • an irregularly shaped region in a prokaryotic cell • found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells • ...

Biology Honors 2015-09-28

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hates water
this type of cell has no nucleus
cells control center
this fills the cell and holds the organelles in place
this organelle makes lipids
this organelle makes energy
this is a tail like structure used for movement
last name of scientist who invented microscope
this supports the stage on a microscope
last name of the scientist that coined the name "cells"
semi permeable barrier/gatekeeper
holds slide into place on stage
basic unit of life
only in plant cells, used for support and protection

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loves water
distributes chromosomes to daughter cells
this is like the name tag of the cell
store food and water for cell
a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions
breaks down lipids, carbs, and proteins in cells
scientist who studied animal cells
bottom of microscope
this is made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
fills nucleus, filled with DNA
the idea that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from living cells.
this type of cell has a nucleus
this has ribosomes on it and makes proteins
the UPS of the cell
scientist who studied plant cells
this is a hair like structure used for movement

30 Clues: loves water • hates water • basic unit of life • the UPS of the cell • cells control center • bottom of microscope • this organelle makes lipids • this organelle makes energy • store food and water for cell • fills nucleus, filled with DNA • this type of cell has a nucleus • holds slide into place on stage • this type of cell has no nucleus • semi permeable barrier/gatekeeper • ...

Immunology Crossword 2021-09-21

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cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
acronym for an amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
leukocytes white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct T helper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
acronym for fragment with antigen binding
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
crystallized fragment of antibody
acronym for highly active anti-retroviral therapy
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
acronym for nuclear factor of activated T cells
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist virals infections - type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma
acronym for family names of chemokine - chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
acronym for cytotoxic T lymphocytes
adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Toll-like receptor
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets - CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
acute phase protein thats binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of a certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
acronym for family names of chemokine receptors - the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

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an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
acronym for pathogen associated molecular patterns
what is MAC an acronym for?
acronym for receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bid to PAMPs on microbes
acronym for autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA RNA and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
general designation of many of the different cytokines - chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Member of TNF receptor family express on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
acronym for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicityantigen a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
acronym for mannose-binding lectin
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
acronym for cluster of differentiation
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
acronym for cell adhesion molecule
leukocyte antigen, name of MHC gene complex and protein in humans
acronym for immune response
acronym for immunoglobulin
acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome
human immunodeficiency virus
acronym for recombination signal sequences

44 Clues: Toll-like receptor • acronym for immunoglobulin • what is MAC an acronym for? • acronym for immune response • human immunodeficiency virus • crystallized fragment of antibody • acronym for mannose-binding lectin • acronym for cell adhesion molecule • acronym for cytotoxic T lymphocytes • acronym for cluster of differentiation • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • ...

Chapter 13 2025-04-01

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Specific part of an antigen (such as a virus, bacteria, or protein) that is recognized by the immune system, particularly by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
Proteins on or in cells that bind to molecules, triggering a response.
Type of immunity effectively stimulated by live vaccines
A substance that neutralizes the toxic effects of a toxin.
A possible risk of live vaccines.
Type of immunity that provides immediate protection but for a short time, without memory.
The substances secreted by T cells to help destroy pathogens.
A tiny infectious agent that enters living cells to multiply, often causing diseases.
An identical copy of a cell or organism.
Large immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and other debris.
Develop in the bone marrow.
The coating of pathogens to make them easier to be engulfed by immune cells.
Cells that lack specificity for antigens and are among the first to attack cancer and virus-infected cells.
Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response.
Inactivated toxin used in vaccines to trigger immunity.
Substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
Natural killer cells are sensitive to this immune substance.
These cells recognize a wide range of antigens and bridge innate and adaptive immunity.
A gland in the chest that helps mature T cells.
Substance that stimulates the immune system to fight diseases without causing the disease.
Type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by identifying and attacking infected or abnormal cells.
Ability to protect itself against infections and diseases.
help to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune system.
Microorganisms or agents that cause disease in their host.
Substances that trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Cells use these for recognition and detection of pathogens.
A process where particles, such as cells or bacteria, clump together due to the interaction with specific antibodies.
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

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T cells that activate macrophages, assist B cells, and help cytotoxic T cells.
The process of recognizing foreign molecules or pathogens.
When harmful microorganisms invade the body, causing disease.
A complex of lipids (fats) and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream.
Protein produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen, such as a virus, bacterium, or toxin.
Proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them, playing roles in biological processes like cell recognition.
Hybrid cells with both killer cell and T cell functions.
Proteins that cause an excessive immune response, leading to inflammation.
A type of immune cell responsible for producing antibodies.
Antigens from another individual of the same species that provoke an immune reaction.
These markers are important for immune system.
A condition that affects the body or mind, causing health problems.
The process by which cells (like macrophages) engulf and digest foreign particles or invading microorganisms.
The liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Immunity that can be triggered by vaccination or natural infection.
Small and circular DNA molecules that carry genetic traits.
The process by which antibodies bind to toxins or pathogens, preventing them from causing harm.
The first milk, full of antibodies, that protects newborns.
process by which any such clones are destroyed during development.
Molecular structures found on pathogens that are recognized by the immune system to trigger an immune response.
The breaking down or destruction of cells.

50 Clues: Develop in the bone marrow. • A possible risk of live vaccines. • An identical copy of a cell or organism. • The breaking down or destruction of cells. • These markers are important for immune system. • A gland in the chest that helps mature T cells. • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. • Inactivated toxin used in vaccines to trigger immunity. • ...

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell 2018-12-11

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell crossword puzzle

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Gel-like material the supports the organelles
Unicellular and no nucleus
Decides what goes in and out the nucleus
The control center of the cell
Stores materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and cells come from existing cells
Stores food, nutrients, and water

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Makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials in cells
Produces proteins
Produces the cells energy. "Powerhouse" of the cell
Acts like the PLANT cells garbage disposal
Acts like the animal cells garbage disposal
The cells genetic material-DNA-
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER and moves materials within and out the cell
Protective barrier that controls what goes in and out the cell
Contains chlorophyll which is the plant preform photosynthesis
The most basic unit of all living things
Multicellular and contains a nucleus
Helps make and deliver proteins throughout the cell
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plant cells

20 Clues: Produces proteins • Unicellular and no nucleus • The control center of the cell • The cells genetic material-DNA- • Stores food, nutrients, and water • Multicellular and contains a nucleus • The most basic unit of all living things • Decides what goes in and out the nucleus • Acts like the PLANT cells garbage disposal • Acts like the animal cells garbage disposal • ...

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15

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/ Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
/ Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
Cells / T4 Cells
Blood Cells / <1%
/ Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
/ Blood Clotting
Cells / T8 Cells
/ Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
/ Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
/ Enlargement of the Spleen
/ How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\

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/ Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue
/ Red Blood Cells
/ Provided by B Cells
/ Hgm
/ Platelets
/ Deficiency of WBC's
System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity
/ Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
/ White Blood Cells
/ Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream

26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • / Red Blood Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • Cells / T8 Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Provided by B Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...

Midterm #1 Review 2023-07-12

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this intracellular protein is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that line blood vessels and stops integrin from rolling
_______ selection is the principle that when the receptors on B or T cells recognize their cognate antigen, they are triggered to proliferate
hyperactivation of macrophages can be induced by these molecules, LPS and _______
neutrophils bind to selectin using _____ which slows them down
this protein is produced and stored in the neutrophil
this protein is a cytokine that can activate a resting macrophage into its primed state
the system that contains about 20 different proteins in the liver that work together to destroy invaders
monocytes that are matured can either be macrophages or ________
______ group and amino groups are able to initiate the complement cascade
these nodes function as a meeting place where T and B cells, APCs, and antigens interact and activate the adaptive immune system

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this cytokine can kill tumor cells and virus infected cells and help activate other immune cells
hormone like proteins that are produced and secreted by macrophages that can communicate between cells
the structure on an antibody that binds to receptors and determines its class
when stem cells are able to divide into two daughter cells to make more stem cells
to "decorate" fragments of complement proteins or with antibodies on their invaders
the Fab region of an antibody binds to a specific _______
these receptors can be found on the outer surface of phagocytic cells or in the membranes of phase-lysosomes
when this dendritic cell becomes infected, it releases Type I interferons that work to warn other cells and slow down viral replication
granulocytes include neutrophil, basophil, and _______
a protein on human cells that accelerate the destruction of the convertase C3bBb

20 Clues: this protein is produced and stored in the neutrophil • granulocytes include neutrophil, basophil, and _______ • the Fab region of an antibody binds to a specific _______ • neutrophils bind to selectin using _____ which slows them down • monocytes that are matured can either be macrophages or ________ • ...

Cell Parts 2020-10-29

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In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, makes ribosomes
In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: stores water, food, and waste for the cell
Wall In PLANT CELLS: helps protect and support the cell, lets plants stand up tall
Apparatus In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, packages proteins and directs them to where they are needed.
In ANIMAL CELLS, contains enzymes that break down materials in the cell
Organisms that do not have a nucleus or organelles
In PLANT CELLS: captures energy from sunlight to help the plant make food
Eukaryotic cell with a typically round or irregular shape, no cell wall.
Tail-like structure that helps cells to move, propelling them forward.

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Reticulum In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: carries proteins to various parts of the cell
In ALL CELLS: builds proteins
The best example of a prokaryotic cell, these organisms are everywhere
Organisms with a nucleus and other organelles
In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: turns food into usable energy for the cell
In ALL CELLS: gel-like fluid that supports the organelles
Finger-like projections that help cells move in a crawling motion.
Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
membrane surrounds the nucleus
Membrane In ALL CELLS: controls what comes in or out of the cell

19 Clues: In ALL CELLS: builds proteins • membrane surrounds the nucleus • In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, makes ribosomes • Organisms with a nucleus and other organelles • Organisms that do not have a nucleus or organelles • In ALL CELLS: gel-like fluid that supports the organelles • In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: stores water, food, and waste for the cell • ...

Cell structure 2021-10-28

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the process of converting light energy into chemical energy
this organelle makes proteins needed to carry out cells function
the organelle that assembles proteins to be distributed throughout a cell
only ____ cells have a cell wall and chloroplast
plant cells have a ____ vacuole
the ____ directs cell activity and controls cell size and reproduction
this organelle provides energy for cells
food and water is stored in a cell's ____
this organelle transports materials in and out of a cell and throughout a cell.
both plant and animal cells have nucleus, which means they are _____.
both plant and animal cells have a cell ___

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the _____ transports proteins and materials to organelles in a cell
____ digest worn-out cell parts and cell waste
this organelle is used in photosynthesis
this organelle make ribosomes and controls how they function
this organelle provides structure and support for plant cells
the ____ E.R does not contain ribosomes
animal cells have many ___ vacuoles
a jelly like substance inside a cell
the cell wall gives a plant cell a ____ structure
animal cells have a ____ shape

21 Clues: animal cells have a ____ shape • plant cells have a ____ vacuole • animal cells have many ___ vacuoles • a jelly like substance inside a cell • the ____ E.R does not contain ribosomes • this organelle is used in photosynthesis • this organelle provides energy for cells • food and water is stored in a cell's ____ • both plant and animal cells have a cell ___ • ...

Immuno U1L2 2025-11-28

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Protein used by NK cells to form pores in target cells
Neutrophil enzyme that generates hypochlorite (bleach-like)
Neutrophil death process that releases extracellular traps
Reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophils to destroy microbes
Chemokine that guides neutrophils to infection
Engulfment and destruction of microbes
Leukocyte molecules enabling firm adhesion to endothelium
Short-lived blood phagocytes and first responders that kill microbes
Endothelial molecules that slow leukocytes during rolling
Accumulation of dead neutrophils, debris, and microbes
Long-lived phagocytes in tissues that initiate inflammation
DNA-based webs that trap and kill microbes
Cytokine produced by NK cells that activates macrophages

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Enzymes released by NK cells that trigger apoptosis
Antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity
Blood precursors that enter tissues and become macrophages or dendritic cells
Molecules such as IgG or C3b that tag microbes for ingestion
Innate lymphocytes that kill infected or stressed cells
Movement of leukocytes through vessel walls into tissues
Cytokine that activates NK cells
Receptor guiding dendritic cells to lymph nodes
Process of coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis

22 Clues: Cytokine that activates NK cells • Engulfment and destruction of microbes • DNA-based webs that trap and kill microbes • Chemokine that guides neutrophils to infection • Receptor guiding dendritic cells to lymph nodes • Enzymes released by NK cells that trigger apoptosis • Process of coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis • ...

Sheet Vocab 1&2 2025-12-11

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Displays the location of the active cell.
Lines placed around the edge of cells or range of cells.
The location of a cell or range of cells.
The vertical part of a worksheet identified by letters.
Written using cell references; must begin with =
2 or more cells merged together.
A collection of many worksheets.
The cell that is currently selected on a worksheet.

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Displays the active cells content and located above the letter on a sheet.
Combining 2 or more cells.
Arranging text left,right,middle.
Faint lines that appear between cells on a worksheet.
Arranging text top, middle, or bottom.
The intersection of column and row.
Located at the bottom. Used to display the current worksheet
Contains cells where you can enter and calculate data.
Causes the text to move to the next line within the cell.
Background color in a cell or range of cells.
Allows the use to lock columns and rows.
A horizontal part of a worksheet identified by numbers.

20 Clues: Combining 2 or more cells. • 2 or more cells merged together. • A collection of many worksheets. • Arranging text left,right,middle. • The intersection of column and row. • Arranging text top, middle, or bottom. • Allows the use to lock columns and rows. • Displays the location of the active cell. • The location of a cell or range of cells. • ...

Unit V Bio Vocab 2023-11-30

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- one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
- phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
- process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
- process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
- disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
- one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
- unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down which can damage cells; used to diagnose and treat some types of cancer
- division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
- the process of programmed cell death
- series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
- type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
- cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
-phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
- treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
- one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
- process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
- substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
- unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
- developing stage of a multicellular organism

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- type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
- network of microtubules that forms within a dividing eukaryotic cell; help to move chromosomes into the daughter cells during mitosis
- cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
- phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
- mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
- cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
- stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
- part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
- region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
- abnormal cells which divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
- structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
- first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
- threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next
- an abnormal, but non-cancerous collection of cells which do not invade other sites of the body

34 Clues: - the process of programmed cell death • - developing stage of a multicellular organism • - period of the cell cycle between cell divisions • - process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells • - division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • - region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • ...

Immunology Puzzle 2022-10-03

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receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans

Down

a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
Human immunodeficiency virus
an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
the Ag receptor on T cells

34 Clues: the Ag receptor on T cells • Human immunodeficiency virus • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules • ...

Immunology cross word Soo Chin (amended) 2022-10-01

Immunology cross word Soo Chin (amended) crossword puzzle

Across

lymphoid tissues along the mucosa membrane
a large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
a disease where autoantibodies form immune complexes
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
an acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
designated for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
a family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections immunoglobulin a protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
the most numerous white blood cells
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
it is a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system which function as antibodies
a mononuclear phagocytic cell that circulates in the bloodstream and differentiates into macrophages in the tissue.
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory

Down

Regulatory CD4+ T cells or called regulatory T cells (a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses)
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
a lymphoid organ where T-cell maturation takes place
the internalization of particulate matter by phagocytotic cells
a group of substances which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
an abbreviation for receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
a group of white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
the general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
a substance that promotes phagocytosis
is an acronym of Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
a complex system comprising a large number of proteins that act in concert to help eliminate infectious microorganisms
abbreviation for Cell adhesion molecule
Human immunodeficiency virus
A molecule that is recognized in native(original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor (or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor)
an abbreviation for an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Human leukocyte antigen which is the name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans

32 Clues: Human immunodeficiency virus • the most numerous white blood cells • a substance that promotes phagocytosis • Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • abbreviation for Cell adhesion molecule • The end stage of disease in HIV infection • lymphoid tissues along the mucosa membrane • a lymphoid organ where T-cell maturation takes place • ...

Science 2026-02-19

Across

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down which can damage cells; used to diagnose and treat some types of cancer
one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
abnormal cells which divide without control and can invade nearby tissues
phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
network of microtubules that forms within a dividing eukaryotic cell; help to move chromosomes into the daughter cells during mitosis
type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Down

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
the process of programmed cell death
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
developing stage of a multicellular organism
an abnormal, but non-cancerous collection of cells which do not invade other sites of the body
threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next
one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells

34 Clues: the process of programmed cell death • developing stage of a multicellular organism • period of the cell cycle between cell divisions • process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells • one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome • region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach • ...

Biology Exam 3 2024-11-10

Across

Have 46 Chromosomes
Shown in animal's cells by Cytokinesis
daughter cells are produced during meiosis
how many sperm and egg cells have
Occurs in meiosis
One set of chromosomes
After the cells shorten and thicken
Mendals Theory
Sperm and egg cells are produced
Must be copied before dividing

Down

Exetcic genetic copies
Reproductive cells
Gamtets develop from in ovaries and Tests
Offspring are unique
and thin When the cell is not dividing Chromosomes are
Shown by cell plates for Cytokinesis
Cell breakdown in cell control
Divison of cytoplasm
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Entire complex of DNA and protein
Reproduction of cells
two sets of chromosomes
Synthesis Phase
G1, S, and G2 Phases
DNA of the cell

25 Clues: Mendals Theory • Synthesis Phase • DNA of the cell • Occurs in meiosis • Reproductive cells • Have 46 Chromosomes • Offspring are unique • Divison of cytoplasm • G1, S, and G2 Phases • Reproduction of cells • Exetcic genetic copies • One set of chromosomes • Mitosis and Cytokinesis • two sets of chromosomes • Cell breakdown in cell control • Must be copied before dividing • ...

CELLS 2020-12-10

Across

a membrane that protects the cell from its surrounding. It is semi-permeable, controls some substances in and out.
contains genes that enhances the survival of a organism
are storage bubbles in the cell might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place.
an organelle that produces energy, the powerhouse.
Wall The outermost layer of plant cells, bacteria, and fungi, and it gives the cell strength and a structure.

Down

cells a cell that has a specific job
an organism with one cell
The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is called cytoplasm. It is made up of mostly water and salt.
an organism with more than one cell
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules.

11 Clues: an organism with one cell • an organism with more than one cell • cells a cell that has a specific job • an organelle that produces energy, the powerhouse. • contains genes that enhances the survival of a organism • a plastid that contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place. • ...

Cells 2022-07-28

Across

Can be passed from parents to children
a group of various tissues working together
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell
a group of cells with similar function
Basic unit of life
"Control centre" of the cell

Down

Instrument used to see cells
different organs working together
Found in the nucleus of the cell
Controls substances entering or leaving the cell

10 Clues: Basic unit of life • Instrument used to see cells • "Control centre" of the cell • Found in the nucleus of the cell • different organs working together • Can be passed from parents to children • a group of cells with similar function • Jelly-like substance that fills the cell • a group of various tissues working together • Controls substances entering or leaving the cell

Cells 2022-09-02

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powerhouse of the cell
Recycles out old organelles
Makes proteins
wall provides shape and protection
keeps things in place
Contains DNA

Down

Movement
capture sunlight converts it to glucose
Small packages used for transport
stores food and water

10 Clues: Movement • Contains DNA • Makes proteins • stores food and water • keeps things in place • powerhouse of the cell • Recycles out old organelles • Small packages used for transport • wall provides shape and protection • capture sunlight converts it to glucose

Cells 2022-09-14

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cell with no nucleus
wall made of cellulose
_____ are the basic unit of life
makes ribosomes
powerhouse of the cell

Down

Cell where the DNA is stored in nucleus
breaks down and digests parts
makes proteins
Loosely packed DNA
these cells have a larger vacuole

10 Clues: makes proteins • makes ribosomes • Loosely packed DNA • cell with no nucleus • wall made of cellulose • powerhouse of the cell • breaks down and digests parts • _____ are the basic unit of life • these cells have a larger vacuole • Cell where the DNA is stored in nucleus

cells 2022-09-14

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work together and make cells divide
makes proteins for the cells
Makes lipids
storage for food water and cell waste
holds dna

Down

holds the cell together
created through cellular respiration
protein maker and packaging system
digest and remove waste
gathers molecules and sorts them

10 Clues: holds dna • Makes lipids • holds the cell together • digest and remove waste • makes proteins for the cells • gathers molecules and sorts them • protein maker and packaging system • work together and make cells divide • created through cellular respiration • storage for food water and cell waste

Cells 2022-09-21

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cleans cell
gives structure
photosynthesis
let things in and out

Down

transports beep beep
is the powerhouse of the cell
produces energy
stores waste
holds organelle in place
creates protein

10 Clues: cleans cell • stores waste • photosynthesis • gives structure • produces energy • creates protein • transports beep beep • let things in and out • holds organelle in place • is the powerhouse of the cell

Cells 2022-09-23

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protects DNA
empty jelly
makes ATP energy
prokaryotic
membrane bound organelles
make plants green

Down

hold a lot of water
controls what enters or leaves the cell
protein factory
do all the work of life

10 Clues: empty jelly • prokaryotic • protects DNA • protein factory • makes ATP energy • make plants green • hold a lot of water • do all the work of life • membrane bound organelles • controls what enters or leaves the cell

Cells 2022-10-31

Across

make protein
produces energy
gelly-like substance
only plant cells have this

Down

cells with a nucleus
makes ribosomes
cells without a nucleus
collect waste products
main unit of life
contains DNA

10 Clues: make protein • contains DNA • makes ribosomes • produces energy • main unit of life • cells with a nucleus • gelly-like substance • collect waste products • cells without a nucleus • only plant cells have this

CELLS 2022-09-23

Across

Holds organelles in place
Help with transport of proteins
Help repair damage and help with chemical processes in the cell

Down

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Helps break down/digest worn out organelles and food particles (break larger pieces to smaller ones)
Converts light energy from the sun into Glucose
Storage compartment filled with water
Provides structure and protection for the cell
Provides energy for the cell
Stores DNA & Controls the cell's activities

10 Clues: Holds organelles in place • Provides energy for the cell • Help with transport of proteins • Storage compartment filled with water • Stores DNA & Controls the cell's activities • Provides structure and protection for the cell • Converts light energy from the sun into Glucose • Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell • ...

Cells 2022-10-03

Across

gel-like mixture with hereditary stuff
where food is made in plant cells
center of nucleus
makes protein
directs all cell activities
has nucleus

Down

protects plant cell
stores materials
powerhouse of the cell
helps maintain cell shape

10 Clues: has nucleus • makes protein • stores materials • center of nucleus • protects plant cell • powerhouse of the cell • helps maintain cell shape • directs all cell activities • where food is made in plant cells • gel-like mixture with hereditary stuff

Cells! 2022-11-22

Across

The brain of a cell
a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed
membrane-bound organelles found in every eukaryotic cell

Down

A organelle that synthesizes protein
provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress only in plant cells
this cell plays a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells
provides a platform upon which organelles can operate within the cell
A living organism with about 3 trillion cells
A single cellular organism
A living organism that has around a million cells

10 Clues: The brain of a cell • A single cellular organism • A organelle that synthesizes protein • A living organism with about 3 trillion cells • A living organism that has around a million cells • membrane-bound organelles found in every eukaryotic cell • provides a platform upon which organelles can operate within the cell • ...

Cells 2022-10-17

Across

"postal office"
contains chlorophyll
performs respiration
cell division
breaks downs and digests
controls everything (brain of the cell)

Down

gel-like substance
"storage closet"
synthesize proteins
plants have this outer shell

10 Clues: cell division • "postal office" • "storage closet" • gel-like substance • synthesize proteins • contains chlorophyll • performs respiration • breaks downs and digests • plants have this outer shell • controls everything (brain of the cell)

cells 2019-11-12

Across

proteins- recognize self in the cell membrane
are located near the nucleus and help organize all division
their shape internal organization by network
are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm
store materials like water, salt, protein, carbohydrates

Down

like material organelles between nucleus cell membrane
are biological equivalents or solar power plants
structure act specialized organs
are small organells filled with enzymes
contains nearly all cells

10 Clues: contains nearly all cells • structure act specialized organs • are small organells filled with enzymes • their shape internal organization by network • proteins- recognize self in the cell membrane • are biological equivalents or solar power plants • like material organelles between nucleus cell membrane • store materials like water, salt, protein, carbohydrates • ...

cells 2020-09-09

Across

trees that shrub that shred their leaves at the end of the season
animals that have hair, a backbone, and produce milk for their young
a change in shape or characteristics of an orginisam's body as it grows and matures
plants use the suns energy to convert water and charbon dioxide into sugers
whiplike tails found in one-celled orgimiams to aidin movement
main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Down

a simple sugar that is an important source of energy
process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
a tree that does not lose its leaves in the winter and stays green all year round
respiration: the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy by food

10 Clues: a simple sugar that is an important source of energy • main energy source that cells use for most of their work • whiplike tails found in one-celled orgimiams to aidin movement • trees that shrub that shred their leaves at the end of the season • animals that have hair, a backbone, and produce milk for their young • ...

cells 2020-09-09

Across

trees that shrub that shred their leaves at the end of the season
animals that have hair, a backbone, and produce milk for their young
a change in shape or characteristics of an orginisam's body as it grows and matures
plants use the suns energy to convert water and charbon dioxide into sugers
whiplike tails found in one-celled orgimiams to aidin movement
main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Down

a simple sugar that is an important source of energy
process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
a tree that does not lose its leaves in the winter and stays green all year round
respiration: the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy by food

Cells 2020-09-13

Across

they look like little dots when you see them
the very outside of the cell
the main three facts about cells
the powerhouse of the cell
everything is made up of one or more ___

Down

found in most eukaryotic cell
typically containing fluid
provides protection to the cell
a fluid found inside the cell
it's like the brain of the cell

10 Clues: typically containing fluid • the powerhouse of the cell • the very outside of the cell • found in most eukaryotic cell • a fluid found inside the cell • provides protection to the cell • it's like the brain of the cell • the main three facts about cells • everything is made up of one or more ___ • they look like little dots when you see them

Cells 2020-09-18

Across

makes food using light from the sun
these type of cells have a nucleus
provides structure for the plant cell
instrument used to view cells
jelly-like material in all cells
stores water and helps give shape to cell

Down

makes energy for the cell
controls what goes in and out of the cell
control center of the cell, contains genetic materials
basic units of organisms

10 Clues: basic units of organisms • makes energy for the cell • instrument used to view cells • jelly-like material in all cells • these type of cells have a nucleus • makes food using light from the sun • provides structure for the plant cell • controls what goes in and out of the cell • stores water and helps give shape to cell • ...

cells 2020-09-07

Across

- controls the cell
- Stores female reproductive cells.
- hardest bone in the human body
- Inner part of the brain is in which color
- Glucose is stored in our body in the form of.
membrane - outer most boundary of cell

Down

- 33 bones of spinal called
- Long molecules made of DNA that hold genes.
- The upper heart chambers are called
blood cell - cell which fight infection
basic unit of life

11 Clues: basic unit of life • - controls the cell • - 33 bones of spinal called • - hardest bone in the human body • - Stores female reproductive cells. • - The upper heart chambers are called • membrane - outer most boundary of cell • blood cell - cell which fight infection • - Inner part of the brain is in which color • - Long molecules made of DNA that hold genes. • ...

Cells 2020-09-24

Across

Helps create both proteins and lipids
Controls what a cell does, stores DNA
Performs photosynthesis
Used for support around plant cells

Down

Stores water and other materials
Sends "packages" out from the cell
The fluid in cells,similar to jelly
Converts carbs to ATP
Breaks down old cell parts to be recycled
Controls what goes in and out of the cell

10 Clues: Converts carbs to ATP • Performs photosynthesis • Stores water and other materials • Sends "packages" out from the cell • The fluid in cells,similar to jelly • Used for support around plant cells • Helps create both proteins and lipids • Controls what a cell does, stores DNA • Breaks down old cell parts to be recycled • Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Cells 2020-05-05

Across

Cell ___ states that all living things are made of cells, cells preform the basic functions of life, and cells come from preexisting cells.
This organelle is responsible for providing energy to the cell by breaking down glucose.
The organelle in eukaryotic organisms that contains the genetic material and allows the cell to reproduce.
The organelle found in plants that structures and supports the cell.

Down

This organelle is mostly responsible for storage in cells.
The organelle found in plants that is the site of photosynthesis.
A structure inside of a cell that performs a specific function.
A group of cells working together is called a ____.
The barrier responsible for controlling what goes into and out of the cell.
This is the gel - like fluid that holds the organelles in place and fills the cell.

10 Clues: A group of cells working together is called a ____. • This organelle is mostly responsible for storage in cells. • A structure inside of a cell that performs a specific function. • The organelle found in plants that is the site of photosynthesis. • The organelle found in plants that structures and supports the cell. • ...

Cells 2021-01-27

Across

Infectious agent able to grow or reproduce.
Series of stacked membranes.
Process where some plants produce organic compounds.
Organisms without an organized nucleus.
Acid molecule containing genetic instructions
Inside, this organelle holds cell dna.

Down

Tiny cavity in cytoplasm of plant cell.
Organelle in eukaryotic cells, site of cellular respiration.
Kill bacteria and viruses.
Stiff structure, surrounds and keeps cell safe.

10 Clues: Kill bacteria and viruses. • Series of stacked membranes. • Inside, this organelle holds cell dna. • Tiny cavity in cytoplasm of plant cell. • Organisms without an organized nucleus. • Infectious agent able to grow or reproduce. • Acid molecule containing genetic instructions • Stiff structure, surrounds and keeps cell safe. • ...

Cells 2021-09-21

Across

contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
attracted to water
the ingestion of bacterial or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
water fearing
provide barriers in cellular membranes to protect the cell
the process of cells taking in substances from outside

Down

maintain stability of the membrane and facilitate cell to cell interactions
all living things are composed of one or more cells
has a higher solute concentration than another solution
a solution with the same salt concentration, having equal tension

10 Clues: water fearing • attracted to water • all living things are composed of one or more cells • the process of cells taking in substances from outside • contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior • has a higher solute concentration than another solution • provide barriers in cellular membranes to protect the cell • ...

Cells 2021-09-16

Across

Stores DNA and controls the cell activities found in plant and animal cells
Help transport proteins
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell found in plant cells and animal semi-permeable
Holds organelles in place found in all cells
Make proteins help repair damage and help with chemical processes in the cell
Storage compartment filled with water

Down

Converts light energy from the sun into glucose only found in plant cells
Help breakdown/digest worn-out organelles and food particles
Provides structure and protection for the cell found in plant and bacteria cells.
Provides energy for the cell found in all eukaryote cells

10 Clues: Help transport proteins • Storage compartment filled with water • Holds organelles in place found in all cells • Provides energy for the cell found in all eukaryote cells • Help breakdown/digest worn-out organelles and food particles • Converts light energy from the sun into glucose only found in plant cells • ...

Cells 2021-09-02

Across

Produces lipids.
Provide energy to the cell.
controls cell functions and stores DNA
like the car of the cell it transports

Down

stores, water, proteins, and carbs.
delivers, processes, and sorts proteins.
supports and shapes the cell
link amino acids to form proteins
supports and protects the cell
helps to pull genetic materical apart during cell reproduction

10 Clues: Produces lipids. • Provide energy to the cell. • supports and shapes the cell • supports and protects the cell • link amino acids to form proteins • stores, water, proteins, and carbs. • controls cell functions and stores DNA • like the car of the cell it transports • delivers, processes, and sorts proteins. • helps to pull genetic materical apart during cell reproduction

Cells 2021-09-03

Across

An organism that is self feeding
An organism that must consume others in order to grow
Anything that causes an organism to react or respond
The basic building block of all living things
An organism that consists of only one cell
A living thing

Down

The false idea that living things could come from non-living things.
What occurs because of stimulus
The process an organism uses to change.
An organism that consists of more than one cell

10 Clues: A living thing • What occurs because of stimulus • An organism that is self feeding • The process an organism uses to change. • An organism that consists of only one cell • The basic building block of all living things • An organism that consists of more than one cell • Anything that causes an organism to react or respond • ...

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