cells Crossword Puzzles

Immune Response Crossword 2022-02-28

Immune Response Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Barriers that are used to prevent pathogens from entering the body.
  2. A type of acquired immunity that uses T-cells to respond to body cells that have already been infected by a foreign pathogen.
  3. A slow immune response that attacks a specific pathogen using humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
  4. Substances (molecules) that are produced by the immune system to trigger a specific immune response.
  5. Immune cells that “eat” pathogens and then die creating “pus”.
  6. A quick immune response using your skin and mucous membranes that is general (nonspecific).
  7. A specific type of lymphocyte that responds to antigens before a foreign pathogen infects body cells.
  8. Immune cells that “eat” pathogens using cytoplasmic extensions (arms).
  9. Type of immunity that is “borrowed” and occurs when we are injected with antibodies from the blood serum of an individual that has already been infected.
  10. Immune cells that join Mast cells in stimulating blood vessels to dilate/constrict.
  11. Warning signal proteins secreted by virally-infected body cells.
  12. Immune cells that lyse (explode) infected or abnormal body cells based on a lack of “self” surface receptors (MHC-II).
  13. Type of T-cell used to react to a second infection from the same pathogen more quickly.
Down
  1. Type of immunity that is “borrowed” and occurs when antibodies are passed from a mother to child through breastmilk or the placenta.
  2. Barriers that are activated once a pathogen has entered the body.
  3. Type of T-cell that recognizes antigen presenting B-cells causing a signaling cascade
  4. Chemical signals used to help cells communicate during an immune response.
  5. Substances (molecules) that are produced by lymphocytes to match and detect specific antigens.
  6. Type of immunity that is “earned” and occurs when we contract an infection.
  7. Type of T-cell that binds to infected body cells and causes apoptosis.
  8. Type of immunity that is “earned” and occurs when we are given a vaccine.
  9. Immune cells that respond to body cells that have already been infected with a foreign pathogen.
  10. Proteins that work with other defenses by lysing pathogenic bacteria or marking pathogens for easier phagocytosis.
  11. Immune cells that are responsible for responding to the release of antigens.
  12. Long lived B-cells that produce a swift and strong response if the same antigen is encountered in the future. (“secondary response”)
  13. Type of T-cell that releases chemicals to slow the immune response after the antigen is destroyed.
  14. A type of acquired immunity that uses B-cells to respond to antigens before cells are infected by a foreign pathogen.

27 Clues: Immune cells that “eat” pathogens and then die creating “pus”. • Warning signal proteins secreted by virally-infected body cells. • Barriers that are activated once a pathogen has entered the body. • Barriers that are used to prevent pathogens from entering the body. • Type of T-cell that binds to infected body cells and causes apoptosis. • ...

Chapter 16 Crossword Puzzle 2021-02-14

Chapter 16 Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. tonsils contain()blood cells.
  2. interstitial fluid is found in()spaces.
  3. before birth marrow first develops in the().
  4. interstitial fluid contains().
  5. lymph nodes monitor()and lymph as it filters them
  6. bone marrow produces()blood cells.
  7. the tonsils are a part of the()system.
  8. lymph nodes filter()damaged cells and cancer cells
  9. tonsils are located in the().
  10. lymph nodes help()illness.
  11. you()survive without a spleen.
Down
  1. the spleen()blood.
  2. the spleen()damaged blood cells.
  3. interstitial fluid surround body().
  4. lymph nodes swell in response to().
  5. the spleen helps to fight().
  6. cells, bone marrow makes 2 billion new() everyday
  7. tonsils stop germs from entering the body through the().
  8. interstitial fluid provides()the body with.
  9. yellow bone marrow is()tissue.

20 Clues: the spleen()blood. • lymph nodes help()illness. • the spleen helps to fight(). • tonsils contain()blood cells. • tonsils are located in the(). • interstitial fluid contains(). • yellow bone marrow is()tissue. • you()survive without a spleen. • the spleen()damaged blood cells. • bone marrow produces()blood cells. • interstitial fluid surround body(). • ...

Endocrine System 2022-03-17

Endocrine System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Target cells --> adrenal cortex
  2. controls metabolism and growth
  3. target cells --> thyroid gland
  4. lowers blood glucose
  5. increases heart rate and blood pressure
  6. target cells--> uterus
  7. responsible for sexual development and sleep cycles
  8. responsable for water excretion and blood pressure
Down
  1. increases blood calcium and decreased blood phosphate ion concentration
  2. salt and volume homeostasis
  3. regulates mineral elecrolytes
  4. antagonist of the parathyroid hormone
  5. reproductive development on females
  6. growth and development of follicles
  7. luteinization of follicle and testosterone secretion
  8. target cells--> liver
  9. synergist of epinephrine
  10. responsible for metabolic rate
  11. main target cells --> uterine smooth muscle
  12. reproductive development on males
  13. responsible for milk production and development of mammary glands
  14. target cells --> white cells (t-lumphocytes )

22 Clues: lowers blood glucose • target cells--> liver • target cells--> uterus • synergist of epinephrine • salt and volume homeostasis • regulates mineral elecrolytes • responsible for metabolic rate • controls metabolism and growth • target cells --> thyroid gland • Target cells --> adrenal cortex • reproductive development on males • reproductive development on females • ...

the bio shi 2021-05-04

the bio shi crossword puzzle
Across
  1. / made up of dna
  2. / central part of an atom
  3. / the process or state of breaking
  4. / the combinig of male and female reproductive cells
  5. reproduction / asexual reproduction of a plant
  6. reproduction / reproduction with 2 perant cells
  7. cells / precursor cells that can self-renew and gerate multipe mature cell types
  8. / genetic information about an organism
Down
  1. / abnormal cells divide without control and include nearby tissues
  2. / reproductive cells with half genetic material as perant cell
  3. / stage of cell cycle where nucleus and genetic material divide
  4. / the cell produced when the nuclei of two gametes fuse together
  5. cycle / a series of events in a cell
  6. / an exact copy of an organism or cell
  7. / genetic material that is condensed
  8. reproduction / reproduction with only one perant
  9. fission / asexual reproduction-cells splits into two daughter cells
  10. / male and female reproductive cell
  11. development / the development of animal or plant embreyo
  12. / asexual reproduction-bud from perant cell

20 Clues: / made up of dna • / central part of an atom • / the process or state of breaking • / male and female reproductive cell • / genetic material that is condensed • / an exact copy of an organism or cell • cycle / a series of events in a cell • / genetic information about an organism • / asexual reproduction-bud from perant cell • ...

skin chapter 6 2014-10-01

skin chapter 6 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. infectious disease that destroys melanocytes
  2. blueness of the skin
  3. excess redness to the skin
  4. cells that are macrophage like
  5. cells associated with nerve endings for touch
  6. translucent layer only seen in the thickest skin
  7. paleness to the skin
  8. thickest layer of the epidermis
  9. number of days it takes for cells made at the basal layer to get to the surface
  10. multiple layers of dead keratinized cells
Down
  1. amino acid that aids in the production of melanin
  2. genetic inability to produce melanin
  3. main cell type with keratin
  4. cells that produce melanin
  5. bruised area under the skin
  6. deepest layer of skin with stem cells, melanocytes, tactile cells
  7. layer of epidermis with glycolipid and flatter cells
  8. cell in basal layer that is constantly divinding
  9. yellowish tone to the skin
  10. pigment of our skin color that fxns to protect DNA from UV light

20 Clues: blueness of the skin • paleness to the skin • cells that produce melanin • excess redness to the skin • yellowish tone to the skin • main cell type with keratin • bruised area under the skin • cells that are macrophage like • thickest layer of the epidermis • genetic inability to produce melanin • multiple layers of dead keratinized cells • ...

2B: Cells and their Functions 2023-03-10

2B: Cells and their Functions crossword puzzle
Across
  1. powerhouse of the cell
  2. all things are made of cells, they come from preexisting cells, and perform functions of living things
  3. packages proteins to make them more specialized
  4. region inside all cells
  5. identified the first cell in 1665
  6. speed up reactions in chemical processes; found in lysosomes
  7. glucose is converted to this during cellular respiration
  8. diffusion of water across a membrane
  9. outer boundary of all cells
Down
  1. makes up cell membrane, along with proteins
  2. outer boundary of most bacteria
  3. first stage of cellular respiration
  4. cells that make up bacteria
  5. all cells use this
  6. waste removal system of the cell
  7. found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; make proteins
  8. makes up chromosomes; found in nucleus
  9. gives the cell its shape
  10. whip like tail in some bacteria, protists, and sperm cell
  11. outer boundary of plants, fungi, and bacteria, and some protists
  12. only in eukaryotic cells; holds DNA

21 Clues: all cells use this • powerhouse of the cell • region inside all cells • gives the cell its shape • cells that make up bacteria • outer boundary of all cells • outer boundary of most bacteria • waste removal system of the cell • identified the first cell in 1665 • first stage of cellular respiration • only in eukaryotic cells; holds DNA • diffusion of water across a membrane • ...

Blood Crossword Puzzle For Anatomy 2022-03-29

Blood Crossword Puzzle For Anatomy crossword puzzle
Across
  1. red blood cells
  2. immature red blood cell
  3. yellow pigment in the skin
  4. is four sub-units that are in hemoglobin
  5. low counts of white blood cells
  6. blood clotting
  7. white blood cells
  8. makes up 95% of red blood cells
  9. low red blood cells
  10. excessive amount of white blood cells
  11. a orange-yellow pigment
Down
  1. twice the size of erythrocytes
  2. slightly bigger than red blood cells
  3. production of lymphocytes
  4. RBC's in blood stream that cause pee to turn brown or red
  5. red blood cell formation
  6. excessive amounts of leukocytosis
  7. low oxygen levels in tissues
  8. in fluid matrix

19 Clues: blood clotting • red blood cells • in fluid matrix • white blood cells • low red blood cells • immature red blood cell • a orange-yellow pigment • red blood cell formation • production of lymphocytes • yellow pigment in the skin • low oxygen levels in tissues • twice the size of erythrocytes • low counts of white blood cells • makes up 95% of red blood cells • ...

Parts of cells 2023-02-15

Parts of cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Works together to make organs.
  2. Controls what happens in the nucleus.
  3. A large group of single cell microorganis.
  4. Helps cells maintain their shape.
  5. Highest power of magnification on our microscopes.
  6. Sight of protein.
  7. The animal cell we looked at.
  8. Genetic information.
  9. Takes most the energy for the cell.
  10. The small piece a glass that goes over the slide.
  11. Protection of the cell.
  12. contains dna and bacteria.
  13. Basic building blocks of life.
  14. How many years do cells last.
  15. First founded a cell/cells.
  16. Where do you find the most dna cells
Down
  1. what year were cells discovered.
  2. Contains the chromosomes.
  3. Separates the in and outside the cell.
  4. How many MAIN cell parts are there.
  5. largest cell
  6. The fluid inside cells.
  7. Moves out waste products.
  8. Blue-green algae.
  9. Only in plant cells.
  10. smallest cell
  11. Provides protein
  12. Maintains water balance in cells.
  13. The color of the dye we used.
  14. most important cell.

30 Clues: largest cell • smallest cell • Provides protein • Blue-green algae. • Sight of protein. • Only in plant cells. • Genetic information. • most important cell. • The fluid inside cells. • Protection of the cell. • Contains the chromosomes. • Moves out waste products. • contains dna and bacteria. • First founded a cell/cells. • The animal cell we looked at. • The color of the dye we used. • ...

Anatomy Blood Vocabulary 2024-02-01

Anatomy Blood Vocabulary crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Clumping of red blood cells
  2. Donates to B, AB and receives from B, O
  3. Nametag on the cell surface, “self”
  4. Immunoprotein that circulates the body Protects you
  5. Granulocyte that has active phagocytes and neutralizes
  6. Agranulocyte that eats dead cells (happens after a monocyte)
  7. White blood cells with a grainy cytoplasm
  8. Red Blood Cells
  9. Hormone that increases the production of red blood cells
  10. Donates to AB and receives from all
  11. The process where Fibrin forms over a plug and reinforces, forming a scab
Down
  1. Granulocyte that blows up and is the inflammatory response
  2. Agranulocyte that eats dead cells
  3. Granulocyte that attacks parasites
  4. The % of blood to plasma
  5. White blood cells without grains
  6. Platelets
  7. Donates to A, AB and receives from A, O
  8. Donates to all and receives from none
  9. Positive blood type, positive antigen
  10. White Blood cells

21 Clues: Platelets • Red Blood Cells • White Blood cells • The % of blood to plasma • Clumping of red blood cells • White blood cells without grains • Agranulocyte that eats dead cells • Granulocyte that attacks parasites • Nametag on the cell surface, “self” • Donates to AB and receives from all • Donates to all and receives from none • Positive blood type, positive antigen • ...

Crossword on cells and control 2026-04-26

Crossword on cells and control crossword puzzle
Across
  1. - stem cells that make limited cell types
  2. - long part of nerve cell that carries signals
  3. - automatic quick response
  4. - cell becomes specialised for a job
  5. - chromosomes pulled apart
  6. - stage where cell grows and copies DNA
  7. - cytoplasm splits into two cells
  8. CYCLE - series of stages a cell goes through
  9. - getting bigger by cell division and differentiation
  10. - cell division that makes two identical cells
  11. - stem cells from early embryo that can make any cell
  12. - organ that controls the body
Down
  1. - chromosomes line up in middle
  2. - first stage of mitosis
  3. - cell that carries electrical impulses
  4. - plant stem cells in roots and shoots
  5. - gap between two nerve cells
  6. - lump of cells from cancer
  7. - nuclei form in new cells
  8. CELL - unspecialised cell that can become many types
  9. - disease from uncontrolled cell division
  10. - cell adapted for one specific function

22 Clues: - first stage of mitosis • - automatic quick response • - chromosomes pulled apart • - nuclei form in new cells • - lump of cells from cancer • - gap between two nerve cells • - organ that controls the body • - chromosomes line up in middle • - cytoplasm splits into two cells • - cell becomes specialised for a job • - plant stem cells in roots and shoots • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2019-09-29

Immunology Acronyms crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Membrane attack complex, end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
  2. Nuclear factor of activated T cells, a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
  3. Ig, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  4. cluster of _______, CD, designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
  5. _____ factor κB, NFκB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
  6. Systemic lupus _______, SLE, autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
  7. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
  8. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
  9. Immunoreceptor ______-based activation motifs, ITAMs, amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
  10. _-_____ protein, CRP, acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  11. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  12. Fragment with antigen binding, the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
  13. _____ ______ receptors, PRR, receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
  14. B cell receptor, sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
  15. IFN, family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma
  16. Cell adhesion molecule
  17. ______ determining regions, CDR, the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  18. IL, general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  19. Autoimmune regulator, a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  20. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
  21. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the end stage of disease in HIV infection
  22. Major histocompatibility complex, designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  23. or Fc region, Crystallized fragment of antibody, the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
  24. Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
  25. Natural killer cell, large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
  26. Ab, immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  27. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  28. human ____ antigen, HLA, name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Down
  1. Intracellular adhesion molecules, cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  2. ____-____ receptor, TLR, a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
  3. LPS, a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  4. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
  5. _____ cell, DC, a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  6. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  7. Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens
  8. thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
  9. T-cell receptor, the Ag receptor on T cells
  10. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
  11. cell ____ molecule, CAM
  12. ____ presenting cell, APC, a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  13. _______-activating genes, RAG1, RAG2, the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
  14. ______ leukocytes, PMN, white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
  15. ____ T lymphocytes, CTL, CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  16. human _____ virus, HIV
  17. IR
  18. Surface immunoglobulin, an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
  19. ____ regulator, AIRE
  20. Recombination signal sequences, short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
  21. tumor ____ factor-alpha, TNF-α (TNF), a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
  22. mΦ, large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  23. Cell mediated immunity, adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  24. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  25. ______-binding lectin, MBL, soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
  26. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  27. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells

55 Clues: IR • ____ regulator, AIRE • human _____ virus, HIV • Cell adhesion molecule • cell ____ molecule, CAM • T-cell receptor, the Ag receptor on T cells • Ab, immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Ig, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • human ____ antigen, HLA, name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • ...

Cell Theory Crossword 2022-12-16

Cell Theory Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. A group of cells that has a certain job/role
  2. Basic unit of function and structure in living organisms
  3. A very large molecule
  4. A cell that lacks a nucleus and cell membrane
  5. Hereditary information that is passed on
  6. Any functioning structural unit inside an organism
  7. A cell that has a nucleus
  8. Concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells
  9. Separates inside from outside of a cell
  10. Concluded that all animal tissues are composed of cells
Down
  1. Known as the building block of chemistry
  2. functions as an outer covering of all plant cells
  3. Atoms that are grouped together
  4. Concluded that all plants are made up of cells
  5. Named cells after studying slices of cork
  6. Uses a lens to magnify an object
  7. Uses photosynthesis to create energy
  8. Subcellular units inside cells with certain functions
  9. Any functioning living system
  10. Invented the simple light microscope

20 Clues: A very large molecule • A cell that has a nucleus • Any functioning living system • Atoms that are grouped together • Uses a lens to magnify an object • Uses photosynthesis to create energy • Invented the simple light microscope • Separates inside from outside of a cell • Known as the building block of chemistry • Hereditary information that is passed on • ...

Medical Terminology Chapter 8: Blood and Lymphatic System 2023-10-20

Medical Terminology Chapter 8: Blood and Lymphatic System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. = disease of the hemoglobin
  2. = excessive fat in the blood
  3. = condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
  4. = instrument used to measure blood pressure
  5. = condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape
  6. = surgical removal of a tonsil
  7. = presence of bilirubin in the blood
  8. = white blood cells
  9. = protein that provides protection against disease
  10. = a stationary clot of blood
  11. = foreign material that is in motion
  12. = excessive blood loss
Down
  1. = deficiency in the number of red blood cells
  2. = cell that helps blood clot
  3. = excess of red blood cells
  4. = capable of producing a clot
  5. = reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue
  6. = red blood cells
  7. = blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
  8. = drug that breaks down blood clots
  9. = formation of blood cells
  10. = immature red blood cell

22 Clues: = red blood cells • = white blood cells • = excessive blood loss • = immature red blood cell • = formation of blood cells • = excess of red blood cells • = disease of the hemoglobin • = cell that helps blood clot • = excessive fat in the blood • = a stationary clot of blood • = capable of producing a clot • = surgical removal of a tonsil • = drug that breaks down blood clots • ...

Unit 3 Exam 2023-11-10

Unit 3 Exam crossword puzzle
Across
  1. antibiotic-resistant bacterium, causes staph infections
  2. fluid inside the lymphatic vessels
  3. thin appendage that allows movement for some bacteria
  4. living organism that transfers the pathogen from one host to another
  5. infectious particles made strictly of proteins
  6. liquid medium used for carrying various substances
  7. programmed cell death where H2O floods the cell
  8. 50%-70% of all white blood cells
  9. the name used when a epidemic is confined to a local area
  10. another name for white blood cells
Down
  1. blood clotting disorder
  2. rupturing of red blood cells
  3. connection on cytotoxic t-cells
  4. another name for red blood cells
  5. disease when there is an insufficient amount of red blood cells
  6. global epidemics are called;
  7. elongated, hollow appendage used to transfer DNA to other cells
  8. powerful and large phagocytes that eat pathogens and bacteria
  9. proteins produced by virus-infected cells
  10. chemical mediator that dilates blood vessels

20 Clues: blood clotting disorder • rupturing of red blood cells • global epidemics are called; • connection on cytotoxic t-cells • another name for red blood cells • 50%-70% of all white blood cells • fluid inside the lymphatic vessels • another name for white blood cells • proteins produced by virus-infected cells • chemical mediator that dilates blood vessels • ...

Nervous System Histology Crossword 2025-09-28

Nervous System Histology Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons.
  2. Outer connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve.
  3. Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS.
  4. Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles.
  5. Selective stain method to visualize whole neurons.
  6. Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination.
  7. Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons.
  8. Layer of meninges directly attached to brain and cord.
  9. Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex.
  10. Star-shaped glial cells maintaining blood–brain barrier.
Down
  1. Highly branched neuronal processes that receive input.
  2. Cells lining ventricles of brain and central canal.
  3. Supporting glial cells of the PNS that form myelin.
  4. Layer of cerebellum containing Purkinje neurons.
  5. Junctional complexes sealing endothelial cells in BBB.
  6. Microscopic gaps between adjacent myelin sheaths.
  7. Specialized junction for neuronal communication.
  8. Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF.
  9. Pigment granules that accumulate in aging neurons.
  10. Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS.

20 Clues: Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS. • Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS. • Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex. • Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF. • Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons. • Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination. • Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles. • Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons. • ...

Nervous System Histology Crossword 2025-09-28

Nervous System Histology Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS.
  2. Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination.
  3. Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex.
  4. Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles.
  5. Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons.
  6. Layer of cerebellum containing Purkinje neurons.
  7. Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS.
  8. Selective stain method to visualize whole neurons.
  9. Layer of meninges directly attached to brain and cord.
  10. Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF.
Down
  1. Supporting glial cells of the PNS that form myelin.
  2. Highly branched neuronal processes that receive input.
  3. Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons.
  4. Star-shaped glial cells maintaining blood–brain barrier.
  5. Cells lining ventricles of brain and central canal.
  6. Specialized junction for neuronal communication.
  7. Outer connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve.
  8. Pigment granules that accumulate in aging neurons.
  9. Microscopic gaps between adjacent myelin sheaths.
  10. Junctional complexes sealing endothelial cells in BBB.

20 Clues: Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS. • Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS. • Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex. • Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons. • Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF. • Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination. • Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles. • Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons. • ...

Crazy Cancer Crossword 2025-10-03

Crazy Cancer Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cancer most deadly type of cancer
  2. you need loss of both genes.
  3. Cancer type people can be born with
  4. opposite of relapse
  5. process of cancer formation
  6. Cancer that starts in pigment producing cells
  7. Most effective treatment for cancer
  8. How cancer cells spread and get their food
  9. Virus tied to cervical cancer
  10. Model organism of choice
  11. Released by cancer cells during ICD
  12. Side of the colon with most prevalent cancer
Down
  1. mutation which prevents binding of a drug
  2. Animal with contagious cancer
  3. big animals getting less cancer
  4. Animal Resistant to cancer
  5. Stolen immortal cell line
  6. a word describing the tumour cells in combination with their neighbouring cells.
  7. tyrosine kinase receptor important in the pathway of melanoma’s.
  8. cells that are around the blood vessels.
  9. Tissue with the most cancer related deaths
  10. How cancer cells spreads troubles in the body
  11. after loss of one allele.
  12. Evil immune cells

24 Clues: Evil immune cells • opposite of relapse • Model organism of choice • Stolen immortal cell line • after loss of one allele. • Animal Resistant to cancer • process of cancer formation • you need loss of both genes. • Animal with contagious cancer • Virus tied to cervical cancer • big animals getting less cancer • cancer most deadly type of cancer • Cancer type people can be born with • ...

Emma Sayles Histology 2020-10-02

Emma Sayles Histology crossword puzzle
Across
  1. gland that cells excrete substances through exocytosis
  2. contracts involuntarily and non striated
  3. tissue that is avascular
  4. gland that secretes hormones through bloodstream
  5. voluntarily contracts and striated
  6. 10% of nerve cells
  7. layer that is shaped like columns
  8. layer that is cube shapes
  9. blood cells that provide immune response
  10. tissue that supports and binds things together
Down
  1. has multiple layers
  2. blood cells that carry oxygen
  3. blob like cells that engulf invading substances
  4. contracts involuntarily and striated
  5. gland that secretes substances out through duct
  6. 90% of all nerve cells
  7. tissues that provides flexible cushioning
  8. gland that a portion of it pinches off with substance
  9. cells that detect foreign substances
  10. gland where cell ruptures and spills out product

20 Clues: 10% of nerve cells • has multiple layers • 90% of all nerve cells • tissue that is avascular • layer that is cube shapes • blood cells that carry oxygen • layer that is shaped like columns • voluntarily contracts and striated • contracts involuntarily and striated • cells that detect foreign substances • contracts involuntarily and non striated • ...

Biology Milestones Review CELLS 2024-12-09

Biology Milestones Review CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. site of cellular respiration in cells
  2. macromolecule group that stores information
  3. made of phospholipids, covering on all cells
  4. cells with no nucleus, bacteria
  5. organelle that packages and transports
  6. moving from low to high concentration, requires energy
  7. products of photosynthesis are oxygen and ______
  8. site of protein synthesis
  9. control center of eukaryotic cells, contains DNA
Down
  1. fats, oils, and waxes
  2. site of photosynthesis in cells
  3. made of only one cell
  4. organelle made of folded membranes, transports proteins
  5. products of cellular respiration are ATP energy, water, and ________ ______.
  6. messenger than sends genetic info to ribosome
  7. contains digestive enzymes
  8. fluid inside cells
  9. outer covering found on plant, fungi, and bacteria cells
  10. balanced solution
  11. diffusion of water

20 Clues: balanced solution • fluid inside cells • diffusion of water • fats, oils, and waxes • made of only one cell • site of protein synthesis • contains digestive enzymes • site of photosynthesis in cells • cells with no nucleus, bacteria • site of cellular respiration in cells • organelle that packages and transports • macromolecule group that stores information • ...

Cell Theory 2025-05-29

Cell Theory crossword puzzle
Across
  1. – Any living thing
  2. – Basic unit of life
  3. – Division of the cytoplasm
  4. – Region that holds chromatids together
  5. – Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves
  6. – Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
  7. – Tool used to observe cells
  8. – Scientist who said all animals are made of cells
Down
  1. – Condensed DNA visible during mitosis
  2. – Cell grows and DNA replicates
  3. – An organism made of many cells
  4. – An organism made of one cell
  5. – Chromosomes line up in the middle
  6. – A well-tested explanation
  7. – Scientist who said all plants are made of cells
  8. – Organelle where mitosis takes place
  9. – Fibers that help separate chromosomes
  10. – Scientist who stated all cells come from other cells
  11. – Nuclear membranes start to re-form
  12. – Scientist who named “cells”

20 Clues: – Any living thing • – Basic unit of life • – A well-tested explanation • – Division of the cytoplasm • – Tool used to observe cells • – Scientist who named “cells” • – An organism made of one cell • – Cell grows and DNA replicates • – An organism made of many cells • – Chromosomes line up in the middle • – Nuclear membranes start to re-form • – Organelle where mitosis takes place • ...

Lymphatic & Immune System 2024-11-11

Lymphatic & Immune System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. found in all tissues, engulf pathogens, travel to lymph nodes to activate T cells
  2. Occurs when individual receives another person’s antibodies
  3. Occurs when individual creates their own immunity
  4. capability of removing/killing pathogens, foreign substances & cancer cells
  5. tiny close-ended vessels that are found throughout body & take up excess interstitial fluid
  6. form a one way system that carries lymph
  7. T cells mature & learn to recognize combinations of self-molecules & foreign molecules
  8. where lymphocytes develop & mature (______ lymphoid organs)
  9. Contains mostly red pulp that filters & cleanses blood
  10. cytokines that affect the behavior of other cells
  11. fluid inside the capillaries & vessels
  12. Recognize & respond to antigens presented by various types of cells
  13. large lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells & cancer cells
Down
  1. use of vaccines to achieve immunity
  2. “Acquired Immunity”
  3. Where all blood cells are produced including lymphocytes
  4. fully functional immunity without previous exposure to invaders
  5. receptor protein in plasma membrane allowing cells to combine with antigen
  6. Recognize & respond to antigens only presented by specialized antigen-presenting cells
  7. Long living & great in numbers so when the same antigen is presented again, immune response is rapid
  8. where some lymphocytes are activated by antigens (______ lymphoid organs)

21 Clues: “Acquired Immunity” • use of vaccines to achieve immunity • fluid inside the capillaries & vessels • form a one way system that carries lymph • Occurs when individual creates their own immunity • cytokines that affect the behavior of other cells • Contains mostly red pulp that filters & cleanses blood • Where all blood cells are produced including lymphocytes • ...

Exam chapter 2 (part 1) review 2025-12-10

Exam chapter 2 (part 1) review crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Fills cells nucleus
  2. Produces proteins for the cell
  3. Has ribosomes
  4. Rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and other organisms
  5. Bigger in the plant cell than the animal cell
  6. Describes how cells are related to living things
  7. Produces ribosomes
  8. Made the discovery of cells
  9. The ability to distinguish details in an objects
  10. Converts food stored in food to energy the cell can use to live and function
  11. Converts energy to food
  12. All cells have this
Down
  1. In the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight
  2. Allows materials such as water and oxygen to pass through the cell wall
  3. Organisms with specialized cells
  4. Organisms only with one cell
  5. Another word for living thing
  6. Makes cell membrane out of two layers
  7. Basic unit of structure and function in life
  8. Has no ribosomes
  9. Directs cell's activities

21 Clues: Has ribosomes • Has no ribosomes • Produces ribosomes • Fills cells nucleus • All cells have this • Converts energy to food • Directs cell's activities • Made the discovery of cells • Organisms only with one cell • Another word for living thing • Produces proteins for the cell • Organisms with specialized cells • Makes cell membrane out of two layers • ...

Nervous System Histology Crossword 2025-09-28

Nervous System Histology Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination.
  2. Supporting glial cells of the PNS that form myelin.
  3. Layer of cerebellum containing Purkinje neurons.
  4. Cells lining ventricles of brain and central canal.
  5. Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles.
  6. Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF.
  7. Pigment granules that accumulate in aging neurons.
  8. Junctional complexes sealing endothelial cells in BBB.
  9. Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS.
  10. Outer connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve.
  11. Microscopic gaps between adjacent myelin sheaths.
Down
  1. Star-shaped glial cells maintaining blood–brain barrier.
  2. Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons.
  3. Highly branched neuronal processes that receive input.
  4. Specialized junction for neuronal communication.
  5. Selective stain method to visualize whole neurons.
  6. Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex.
  7. Neuroglial cells supporting PNS ganglia neurons.
  8. Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS.
  9. Layer of meninges directly attached to brain and cord.

20 Clues: Phagocytic immune cells of the CNS. • Bundles of myelinated axons in the CNS. • Large pyramidal neurons in motor cortex. • Dense basophilic clumps of RER in neurons. • Modified ependymal cells that produce CSF. • Glial cells responsible for CNS myelination. • Structural protein of neurofibrillary tangles. • Specialized junction for neuronal communication. • ...

Blood cells G11 2025-05-20

Blood cells G11 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cava Large vein bringing deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.
  2. The most common type of leukocyte; highly effective against bacteria.
  3. Shape of a monocyte’s nucleus.
  4. Proteins released by B cells to neutralize pathogens.
  5. Type of immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes.
  6. The liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended.
  7. Largest leukocytes; horseshoe-shaped nucleus; become macrophages.
  8. General term for white blood cells involved in body defenses.
  9. Large cells in bone marrow that produce platelets.
  10. Valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta.
  11. Term for cells that engulf pathogens or debris.
  12. Small particles in cytoplasm of some leukocytes, like neutrophils and eosinophils.
Down
  1. Phagocytic cells with red-orange granules; active in allergies and parasitic infections.
  2. Flattened, biconcave red blood cells that transport oxygen.
  3. Least common leukocyte; promotes inflammation with dense purple granules.
  4. Platelets help maintain this by sealing wounds and preventing blood loss.
  5. Cell fragments that aid in clotting and tissue repair.
  6. Substance recognized as foreign, triggering immune response.
  7. Jelly-like material in cells where granules may be found.
  8. Term describing blood vessels or valves associated with the lungs.
  9. marrow The tissue where blood cells are produced.
  10. Spherical cells with a large nucleus; include B and T cells.
  11. Shape of red blood cells that increases surface area for gas exchange.
  12. Large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body.
  13. Type of heart valve shaped like a half-moon.

25 Clues: Shape of a monocyte’s nucleus. • Type of heart valve shaped like a half-moon. • Term for cells that engulf pathogens or debris. • Type of immunity provided by T and B lymphocytes. • marrow The tissue where blood cells are produced. • Large cells in bone marrow that produce platelets. • Proteins released by B cells to neutralize pathogens. • ...

Animal and Plant Cell Crossword Puzzle 2017-10-17

Animal and Plant Cell Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. all plants and animals are made up of these
  2. captures sunlight; found only in plant cells
  3. used to make protein; can be found floating in the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm
  4. they help protect you by destroying bacteria that your white blood cells engulf
  5. the brain of the cell; found only in plant and animal cells
  6. the process that plants use the chloroplasts to make their own food
  7. chloroplasts contain a green substance called ______________.
  8. chromosomes are made of this
  9. jelly like fluid mostly made of water that the organelles float in; found in all three types of cells
  10. in plant cells they are large; found in plant and animal cells
Down
  1. internal delivery system within the cell; found only in plant and animal cells
  2. they have nine groups of three arrangements of the protein fibers
  3. package material to be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum; found in both plant and animal cells
  4. most cells are too small to be seen without a _____________.
  5. the tiny structures inside the cell; like the cell wall, cell membrane, and nucleus
  6. the nucleus also contains the __________ a structure where ribosomes are made.
  7. powerhouse of the cell; used to create food for energy; found in plant and animal cells
  8. there are tiny openings, or ________, in the cell membrane through which material can enter or leave the cell.
  9. provides extra support for plants; found only in plant and bacterial cells
  10. the organel of each cell is based off of the _____________.

20 Clues: chromosomes are made of this • all plants and animals are made up of these • captures sunlight; found only in plant cells • the brain of the cell; found only in plant and animal cells • the organel of each cell is based off of the _____________. • most cells are too small to be seen without a _____________. • ...

Immune System Crossword 2024-05-27

Immune System Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. An organ that stores and filters blood and makes white blood cells that protect you from infection
  2. Cells that present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response
  3. a fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
  4. A type of T cell that kills infected cells
  5. A type of T cell that helps control the immune response
  6. The body's general, non-specific type of immunity
  7. A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that help the body fight infections and other diseases.
  8. Release histamine and other chemicals during allergic reactions
  9. An organism that causes disease
  10. Soft tissue in the center of bones that produce red and white blood cells
Down
  1. A type of adaptive immune cell that produces antibodies that neutralize pathogens
  2. A type of T cell that assists other cells in the immune response
  3. A type of innate immune cell that engulfs and digests pathogens and dead cells
  4. Another term for white blood cells (WBC)
  5. A type of innate immune cell that attacks a destroys virus-infected cells and tumor cells
  6. The body's specific type of immunity that is built through exposure to pathogens
  7. A gland behind the breastbone where lymphocytes mature
  8. cells that combat multicellular parasites and have a role in allergic reactions
  9. Y shaped proteins that fight microbes and toxins by recognizing antigens on the surface of microbes
  10. Any molecule that causes an immune response

20 Clues: An organism that causes disease • Another term for white blood cells (WBC) • A type of T cell that kills infected cells • Any molecule that causes an immune response • a fluid that flows through the lymphatic system • The body's general, non-specific type of immunity • A gland behind the breastbone where lymphocytes mature • ...

Mammalian Cell Culture 2013-04-12

Mammalian Cell Culture crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Fuse with HeLa plasma membrane so that DNA is transported into the cell
  2. A cell-impermeable toadstool mushroom toxin that binds actin
  3. Green Fluorescent Protein detected by fluorescent microscopy
  4. Distinguishing living cells from nonliving cells
  5. Etched glass chamber used to count cells
  6. Artificial introduction of material into cells, typically involving the uptake of DNA
  7. Growth of cells in an artificial environment outside of the organism
  8. Store stocks of cells to prevent the need to have cell lines in culture at all times
  9. A DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell
  10. Liquid designed to support growth of cells outside of the organism
  11. Amino Acid
  12. Make free of MOST live bacteria
Down
  1. The execution of cell culture procedures without introducing contaminating microorganisms from the environment
  2. Refers to coverage of the flask by the cells
  3. Make free of ALL live bacteria
  4. Describes the behavior of cells in a fluid environment
  5. Crosslinks amino acids to stabilize the cell for examination
  6. A nonionic detergent that disrupts cellular membranes without disturbing protein-protein interactions established by formalde-fresh
  7. Polar Amino Acid that coats the flask
  8. Breaks bonds between cells and lysine

20 Clues: Amino Acid • Make free of ALL live bacteria • Make free of MOST live bacteria • Polar Amino Acid that coats the flask • Breaks bonds between cells and lysine • Etched glass chamber used to count cells • Refers to coverage of the flask by the cells • Distinguishing living cells from nonliving cells • Describes the behavior of cells in a fluid environment • ...

Cells and Governments 2022-04-21

Cells and Governments crossword puzzle
Across
  1. a country governed by an _______
  2. government by a dictator
  3. found in eukaryotic organisms
  4. systems the same territory is controlled by two other levels of governments
  5. a form of government with a __ as the head
  6. a state governed by a ______
  7. were the earliest and the most basic units of life on Earth.
  8. a system or form by which a community is ruled
  9. minister is the lead of the executive branch government
  10. one of the branches of government
  11. a state of disorder
  12. a country's legislative
  13. separates the interior of all cells
Down
  1. palade granules
  2. largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
  3. a group with a certain equality between its members
  4. Cells contain _____
  5. cells chromeosomes
  6. the gelatinous liquid that fills inside the cell.
  7. found in many animal cells
  8. cells they are specialized for communication
  9. typical of a class,group or body of an opinion
  10. cells contain structures called ____
  11. wall a structural layer surrounding types of cells
  12. Joe Biden is our _____
  13. priests rule in the name of god or gods
  14. found in plant and fungal cells
  15. a system of government by one person
  16. building blocks

29 Clues: building blocks • palade granules • cells chromeosomes • Cells contain _____ • a state of disorder • Joe Biden is our _____ • a country's legislative • government by a dictator • found in many animal cells • a state governed by a ______ • found in plant and fungal cells • a country governed by an _______ • found in eukaryotic organisms • one of the branches of government • ...

A&P Ch. 23-24 bonus puzzle 2023-11-16

A&P Ch. 23-24 bonus puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. The primary organ responsible for the maturation of T cells
  2. The fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system
  3. A specialized cell that presents antigens to T cells
  4. A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
  5. Small proteins released by cells to communicate with and regulate the immune system
  6. A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
  7. The largest lymphatic organ involved in the filtration of blood and immune system activation
  8. The protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells
  9. The process by which white blood cells move towards the site of infection
Down
  1. The most numerous type of white blood cell
  2. The first line of defense in the immune system, including physical and chemical barriers
  3. The process of blood cell formation
  4. The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds to oxygen
  5. The liquid component of blood
  6. The process of stopping bleeding or hemorrhage
  7. A cell fragment involved in blood clotting
  8. A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens
  9. Protective proteins produced by B cells in response to specific antigens
  10. A type of lymphocyte that directly kills infected cells
  11. The percentage of blood composed of red blood cells

20 Clues: The liquid component of blood • The process of blood cell formation • The most numerous type of white blood cell • A cell fragment involved in blood clotting • The process of stopping bleeding or hemorrhage • A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens • A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production • The percentage of blood composed of red blood cells • ...

Specific Immune Response 2024-06-14

Specific Immune Response crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Cause pathogens to clump together
  2. Treated by insulin injections, pancreas transplant and immunosuppressant drugs
  3. Immune system stops recognising 'self cells' and starts attacking healthy body tissue
  4. Y-shaped glycoproteins called immunoglobulins
  5. Body responds to antigens found outside the cells
  6. Activated B cell divides by mitosis to give plasma cells and B memory cells
  7. Type of cytokine produced by T-Helper Cells
  8. B cells develop into B memory cells in case the same pathogen enters the body again
  9. Affects skin and joints, can attack any organ
  10. Type of B lymphocyte that forms plasma cell clones
  11. T lymphocytes respond to cells of the organism that have been changed in some way e.g. early cancers and viral infections
  12. Affects joints, no cure
  13. Type of B lymphocyte that provides immunological memory
Down
  1. Activated T-helper cells bind to the B cell APC
  2. Can take days or weeks to become fully effective against a particular pathogen
  3. Engulf and digest pathogens in phagocytosis
  4. Type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies for a particular antigen
  5. Kills pathogens by making a hole in the membrane - produced by T-Killer Cells
  6. Bind to toxins produced by pathogens
  7. Mechanism where antibodies bind to complementary antigens

20 Clues: Affects joints, no cure • Cause pathogens to clump together • Bind to toxins produced by pathogens • Engulf and digest pathogens in phagocytosis • Type of cytokine produced by T-Helper Cells • Y-shaped glycoproteins called immunoglobulins • Affects skin and joints, can attack any organ • Activated T-helper cells bind to the B cell APC • ...

oncology key words 2026-04-01

oncology key words crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Lowest point of blood counts after chemo
  2. Low white blood cells
  3. Toxic to cells (kills cells)
  4. Worsening of disease
  5. Benign tumor of glandular tissue
  6. therapy Radiation used to kill cancer cells
  7. Expected outcome
  8. Tissue removal to diagnose cancer
  9. Mass of abnormal cells
  10. barrier Protects brain from harmful substances
  11. Low red blood cells → fatigue
  12. count Measures infection-fighting WBCs
  13. Spread of cancer to other body areas
  14. blood Hidden blood not visible
  15. Low platelets → bleeding risk
  16. Inflammation of mucous membranes
  17. Hair loss
  18. Dry mouth
  19. Skin peeling
  20. Symptom relief, not cure
  21. inhibition Normal cells stop growing when touching
  22. Swelling from lymph fluid buildup
  23. Virus that can cause cancer
Down
  1. Study of cancer
  2. Drug that damages tissue if leaked
  3. From the same patient (own cells)
  4. Area of abnormal tissue
  5. Emits radiation
  6. situ Cancer remains in original location
  7. Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
  8. Non-cancerous, does not spread
  9. Additional treatment after primary therapy
  10. Cell copying process
  11. Loss of appetite
  12. Cancerous, spreads
  13. Test for hidden blood in stool
  14. New abnormal tissue growth (tumor)
  15. Cancer of lymphatic system
  16. Drugs that destroy cancer cells
  17. Substance that causes cancer
  18. Drug that prevents/kills cancer cells
  19. Low neutrophils → HIGH infection risk
  20. Mouth inflammation
  21. Radioactive substance for diagnosis/treatment
  22. Cells that may become cancer
  23. Patient’s normal starting data
  24. Cell division
  25. Black, tarry stool (GI bleeding)

48 Clues: Hair loss • Dry mouth • Skin peeling • Cell division • Study of cancer • Emits radiation • Expected outcome • Loss of appetite • Cancerous, spreads • Mouth inflammation • Worsening of disease • Cell copying process • Low white blood cells • Mass of abnormal cells • Area of abnormal tissue • Symptom relief, not cure • Cancer of lymphatic system • Virus that can cause cancer • ...

Immuno-Puzzle 2024-02-03

Immuno-Puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. ____ secrete reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and nitric oxide, to mediate killing
  2. _____ T cells that coordinate the activities of other immune cells like B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages
  3. Macrophages present in the liver
  4. Lymphoid tissue present in the nasal passages
  5. ____ primarily defend against parasites
  6. ___ is an example for biological vector
  7. Erythroblasts produce __
  8. A kind of filaments helps to maintain the flexibility and overall shape of the lymphatic capillaries
  9. CALT – C represents for
  10. Cells example for innate immunity
  11. Bean-shaped structures scattered throughout the lymphatic network
  12. Lymph eventually reach the bloodstream via ___ duct
  13. Plasma cells produce ___
  14. The process of transport of WBCs across the blood vessels
Down
  1. Origin of immune cells
  2. Example for a granulocytes
  3. A type of contact transmission occurs when a person coughs, sneezes or speaks near others
  4. _____ T cells detect cells infected by viruses
  5. ___ carrier is a person who recovered from the disease, but continues to harbor the pathogen
  6. Example for antigen presenting cells
  7. This is present in sweat, tears and many other secretions
  8. Basophils are best known for
  9. Lymphoid tissue located under the throat
  10. ____ cells found in the GALT of the small intestine for antigen sampling
  11. Adaptive immunity
  12. Immune cell aggregates lining the bronchial regions
  13. The fluid in the lymphatic vessels
  14. Lymphatic system maintains the ___ fluid volume at constant level
  15. The respiratory tract is lined with little hair-like structures
  16. A kind of immunity that cannot differentiate between the pathogens having similar structures
  17. T cells maturation

31 Clues: Adaptive immunity • T cells maturation • Origin of immune cells • CALT – C represents for • Erythroblasts produce __ • Plasma cells produce ___ • Example for a granulocytes • Basophils are best known for • Macrophages present in the liver • Cells example for innate immunity • The fluid in the lymphatic vessels • Example for antigen presenting cells • ...

ELP-CELLS CROSSWORD 2018-08-01

ELP-CELLS CROSSWORD crossword puzzle
Across
  1. The location where photosynthesis takes place.
  2. The clear fluid flowing within each cell.
  3. The structure that protects the nucleus.
  4. The living border around each cell.
  5. Tiny living units of structure.
  6. A microscope with more than one objective.
  7. All ____things are composed of cells.
  8. An example of a simple microscope.
  9. Established the term: cells
  10. The dark body within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
  11. A device that allowed cells to be discovered.
Down
  1. The organelle that provides energy for the cell.
  2. Proposed that all plants are made of cells.
  3. Organisms that are composed of only one cell.
  4. String-like structures that are composed of DNA.
  5. Organisms composed of more than one cell.
  6. Developed the first microscope.
  7. Another word for "cell membrane".
  8. A microscope with only one objective.
  9. The non-living border around a plant cell.
  10. Cells are the _____ unit of life.
  11. Proposed that all animals are made of cells.
  12. The storage center of the cell.
  13. Proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells.
  14. The green pigment found within plant cells.
  15. Organelles that create protein within the cell.
  16. The structure that contains genetic material.

27 Clues: Established the term: cells • Developed the first microscope. • The storage center of the cell. • Tiny living units of structure. • Another word for "cell membrane". • Cells are the _____ unit of life. • An example of a simple microscope. • The living border around each cell. • A microscope with only one objective. • All ____things are composed of cells. • ...

Cancer 2016-01-04

Cancer crossword puzzle
Across
  1. The use of drugs that stimulate the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells
  2. Refers to when cancer cells don't respond to medicine or treatment
  3. A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys
  4. Cancer of the part of the immune system
  5. The use of drugs to attack cancer and reduce the rate at which cancer cells reproduce
  6. An x-ray of the breast
  7. A doctor who treats patients who have cancer
  8. A cancer that starts in cells called lymphocytes
  9. A type of liver cancer
  10. removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
  11. Large, unusual cells that are a sign of Hodgkin disease
  12. Type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells
  13. A malignant tumor of the eye that usually appears in the first 3 years of life
  14. When cancer symptoms disappear or are significantly reduced
  15. An uncommon but extremely serious form of skin cancer
  16. A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells
  17. Abnormal body cells grouped together in a mass or lump
  18. A substance or agent that causes cancer
Down
  1. A doctor who specializes in using radiation to kill cancer cells
  2. Found on one side of the body
  3. A cancer in which the lymph cells multiply uncontrollably, comes in two types Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins
  4. A procedure in which cells are removed from the cervix and examined for signs of cancer
  5. A mass of cells that grow more rapidly than normal cells but more slowly than most cancer cells and do not spread to other areas of the body
  6. A mass of cancer cells
  7. A procedure that involves replacing unhealthy bone marrow with healthy bone marrow cells from a donor
  8. The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body
  9. The reappearance of cancer after it has been treated
  10. Found on both sides of the body; cancer found in paired organs
  11. A cancer of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow
  12. A tumor that grows in the body's connective tissue, like muscle, cartilage, or bone

30 Clues: An x-ray of the breast • A mass of cancer cells • A type of liver cancer • Found on one side of the body • Cancer of the part of the immune system • A substance or agent that causes cancer • A doctor who treats patients who have cancer • A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells • A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys • ...

mikael period:1 2021-09-22

mikael period:1 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cells come from other cells,cells keep you alive,living things are made of cells.,organization,ability to grow and develop,ability to reproduce and make copies.
  2. tough outer covering of plant cells.
  3. outer covering.
  4. basic unit of living things.
  5. organelle where energy is made,stored and released.
  6. tool to see small.
  7. parts within a cell.
  8. cells work together.
  9. whole living thing.
  10. gel inside the cell.
  11. organs work together.
Down
  1. plant organelle where sunlight is turned into energy.
  2. cells,tissue,organs,organ system,organism.
  3. different parts do different jobs.
  4. many celled.
  5. one cell.
  6. stores dna (information for all cells.)

17 Clues: one cell. • many celled. • outer covering. • tool to see small. • whole living thing. • parts within a cell. • cells work together. • gel inside the cell. • organs work together. • basic unit of living things. • different parts do different jobs. • tough outer covering of plant cells. • stores dna (information for all cells.) • cells,tissue,organs,organ system,organism. • ...

The Immune System 2015-04-12

The Immune System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Cells Antibody-secreting effector B cells
  2. Gland in the thoracic cavity of the heart (where T cells mature)
  3. Presentation MHC binds to a piece of an antigen within the cell and brings it to the surface.
  4. response Chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid and swell
  5. immunodeficiency virus the infectious agent that causes AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus
  6. Killer A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells
  7. Immune Response The acquired immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposure to a particular antigen. (more rapid, stronger, and of longer duration than primary)
  8. Programmed cell death
  9. Cells A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body’s responses to stimuli.
  10. The most abundant type of white blood cell. They are phagocytic cells.
  11. Immune Response The selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes the first time the body is exposed to an antigen.
  12. A protein released by animal cells that has the property of inhibiting virus replication.
  13. cells An antigen-presenting cell that is particularly efficient in presenting antigens to naive helper T cells, thereby initiating a primary response.
  14. cytokines with functions that include attracting white blood cells to sites of infection.
Down
  1. immune response One of the two branches of acquired immunity; the activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells, which directly destroy certain target cells.
  2. immunity Immunity conferred by the natural exposure to an infectious agent.
  3. immune response One of the two branches of acquired immunity; the activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph.
  4. A phagocytic cell present in many tissues that function by destroying microbes.
  5. shock an acute, whole body, life-threatening, allergic response
  6. immunity The kind of defense that is mediated by phagocytic cells, antimicrobial proteins, the inflammatory response, and natural killer cells. It is present before exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth
  7. Any foreign molecule that is specifically recognized by lymphocytes and elicits a response from them.
  8. Large marsupial
  9. cells A cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
  10. disease an immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against itself
  11. T-cell central to the acquired immune responses; responds to peptide antigens displayed on antigen-presenting cells and in turn stimulates the activation of nearby B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
  12. A type of white blood cell with low phagocytic activity
  13. immunity immunity conferred by transferring antibodies from an individual who is immune to a particular infectious agent to someone who is not

27 Clues: Large marsupial • Programmed cell death • Cells Antibody-secreting effector B cells • A type of white blood cell with low phagocytic activity • response Chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid and swell • shock an acute, whole body, life-threatening, allergic response • Gland in the thoracic cavity of the heart (where T cells mature) • ...

CARDIAC MUSCLE 2019-12-11

CARDIAC MUSCLE crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Involuntary heart ________ also a function of cardiac muscle.
  2. Cardiac muscle cells appear striated or striped under a __________.
  3. Cardiac muscle tissue is one of the three types of _______ tissue.
  4. Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________.
  5. Its contraction is not under ________ control.
  6. ________ muscle is found in the heart wall.
  7. Cells joined end-to-end with ________ disk in between.
  8. When a cardiac muscle cell contracts, the ________ filament pulls the actin filaments toward each other.
  9. The heart acts as a pump to propel blood through the _______ vessels.
  10. Cardiac muscle tissue, or myocardium, contains cells that expand and contract in __________ to electrical impulses from the nervous system.
  11. Cardiac cells have only a single _________.
  12. Your nervous system sends _________ to pacemaker cells that prompt them to either speed up or slow down your heart rate.
  13. It is responsible for keeping the heart pumping and blood circulating around the _______.
  14. The cell uses ATP to ______ this contraction.
Down
  1. Pacemaker cells are ________ to other cardiac muscle cells, allowing them to pass along signals.
  2. Cardiac muscle also called heart muscle or ________.
  3. Pacemaker cells control the ________ of your heart.
  4. Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle.
  5. cardiac muscle has __________.
  6. _________ of cardiac muscle is pumping blood.
  7. Cardiac muscle fibers also possess many mitochondria and _______.
  8. This through specialized cells called _______ cells.
  9. Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus.
  10. Cardiac muscle fibers are ________ than skeletal muscle fibers.
  11. The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood.

25 Clues: cardiac muscle has __________. • ________ muscle is found in the heart wall. • Cardiac cells have only a single _________. • Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle. • Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________. • Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus. • _________ of cardiac muscle is pumping blood. • The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood. • ...

immune system 2022-03-31

immune system crossword puzzle
Across
  1. response - a complex series of events that invlves many chemicals and immune cells that hep enhance the overall immune response
  2. Cells - long living cells that are exposed to the antigen during the primary immune response
  3. proteins - enhance phagocytosis by helping the phagocytic cells bind better to pathogens and activating the phagocytes
  4. - blood cells that ingest bacteria and remove dead neutophils and other debris
  5. Organs - The organs of the hymphatic system contain lymphatic tissue, lymphocytes, a few other cell types, and connective tissue
  6. Cells - located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought of as antibody factories
  7. - virus infected cells secrete a protein
  8. Barrier - the first major line of defense is the unbroken skin and its secretions
  9. - a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow
  10. T Cells - destroy pathogens and release chemicals called cytokines
  11. Defense - if foreign microorganisms enter the body, the cells of the immune system defend the body
Down
  1. - blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals
  2. - blood cells that ingest bacteria
  3. - secreted by many inner surfaces of the body
  4. System - includes organs and cells that filter lymph and blood, destroy foreign microorganisms, and absorb fat
  5. - proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically react with a foreign antigen
  6. - like strong walls of a fort, barriers are used by the body to protect against pathogens
  7. T Cell - the processed antigen on its surface, binds to a type of lymphocyte
  8. - called vaccinations
  9. Barriers - Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain the enzyme lysozyme
  10. Acid - secreted in your stomach

21 Clues: - called vaccinations • Acid - secreted in your stomach • - blood cells that ingest bacteria • - virus infected cells secrete a protein • - secreted by many inner surfaces of the body • - blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals • - a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow • ...

immune system 2022-03-31

immune system crossword puzzle
Across
  1. response - a complex series of events that invlves many chemicals and immune cells that hep enhance the overall immune response
  2. Cells - long living cells that are exposed to the antigen during the primary immune response
  3. proteins - enhance phagocytosis by helping the phagocytic cells bind better to pathogens and activating the phagocytes
  4. - blood cells that ingest bacteria and remove dead neutophils and other debris
  5. Organs - The organs of the hymphatic system contain lymphatic tissue, lymphocytes, a few other cell types, and connective tissue
  6. Cells - located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought of as antibody factories
  7. - virus infected cells secrete a protein
  8. Barrier - the first major line of defense is the unbroken skin and its secretions
  9. - a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow
  10. T Cells - destroy pathogens and release chemicals called cytokines
  11. Defense - if foreign microorganisms enter the body, the cells of the immune system defend the body
Down
  1. - blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals
  2. - blood cells that ingest bacteria
  3. - secreted by many inner surfaces of the body
  4. System - includes organs and cells that filter lymph and blood, destroy foreign microorganisms, and absorb fat
  5. - proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically react with a foreign antigen
  6. - like strong walls of a fort, barriers are used by the body to protect against pathogens
  7. T Cell - the processed antigen on its surface, binds to a type of lymphocyte
  8. - called vaccinations
  9. Barriers - Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain the enzyme lysozyme
  10. Acid - secreted in your stomach

21 Clues: - called vaccinations • Acid - secreted in your stomach • - blood cells that ingest bacteria • - virus infected cells secrete a protein • - secreted by many inner surfaces of the body • - blood cells that produce antibodies and other chemicals • - a type of white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow • ...

S. Brakke Immuno Intro Crossword 2023-09-25

S. Brakke Immuno Intro Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. This T cell type assists other white blood cells in immunologic processes. CD4+. Has type 1 and type 2.
  2. This T cell kills target cells directly. CD8+
  3. full word for a substance that induces an immune response.Recognized by Ab, BCR, Peptide on MHC
  4. a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  5. a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies when it differentiates into a plasma cell. Can be naive, plasma cell, or memory cell.
  6. The part of an antibody that BINDS to the antigen.
  7. A large white blood cell that ingests foreign particles and infectious microorganisms.
  8. T cell type that suppresses/limits immune responses. CD4
  9. protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong. Different types related to different immune functions. Ex. IgE -allergies
  10. full word for a molecule found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. This can bind TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Down
  1. Combination therapy for HIV that includes three antiretroviral medications. These medications are consistently altered based on the status of the patient and the different variances in the populations of HIV cells, one of the fastest evolving things on the planet.
  2. abbreviation for cells that present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response. Ex. dendritic cells
  3. full word for the general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  4. a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.Can be helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic.
  5. full word for the family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
  6. full word for a protein produced by the adaptive immune system that recognizes and binds to specific foreign substances. Highly variable. Lock and key type binding.
  7. abbreviation for the type of immune cell involved in the destruction of virus-infected cells and tumor cells.Innate immunity.
  8. A surface protein on certain T cells, often associated with helper T cells. (TH and Treg)
  9. A surface protein on certain T cells, often associated with cytotoxic T cells.(TC)
  10. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  11. general term for proteins that recognize molecular patterns on pathogens
  12. Molecular patterns found on pathogens and recognized by the innate immune system.
  13. A transcription factor associated with regulatory T cells.
  14. Motifs found in cytoplasmic tails of immune receptors. involved in signal transduction
  15. Abbreviation for a complex that presents peptides from inside the cell to T cells. Class I and II.

25 Clues: This T cell kills target cells directly. CD8+ • The part of an antibody that BINDS to the antigen. • T cell type that suppresses/limits immune responses. CD4 • A transcription factor associated with regulatory T cells. • a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells • general term for proteins that recognize molecular patterns on pathogens • ...

Cancer 2016-01-04

Cancer crossword puzzle
Across
  1. A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys
  2. A cancer that starts in cells called lymphocytes
  3. The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body
  4. A doctor who specializes in using radiation to kill cancer cells
  5. A doctor who treats patients who have cancer
  6. Found on both sides of the body; cancer found in paired organs
  7. Large, unusual cells that are a sign of Hodgkin disease
  8. An x-ray of the breast
  9. A substance or agent that causes cancer
  10. A malignant tumor of the eye that usually appears in the first 3 years of life
  11. A cancer in which the lymph cells multiply uncontrollably, comes in two types Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins
  12. Found on one side of the body
Down
  1. The use of drugs to attack cancer and reduce the rate at which cancer cells reproduce
  2. Cancer of the part of the immune system
  3. Refers to when cancer cells don't respond to medicine or treatment
  4. removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
  5. A procedure that involves replacing unhealthy bone marrow with healthy bone marrow cells from a donor
  6. A type of liver cancer
  7. A tumor that grows in the body's connective tissue, like muscle, cartilage, or bone
  8. The reappearance of cancer after it has been treated
  9. Type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells
  10. When cancer symptoms disappear or are significantly reduced
  11. A cancer of the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow
  12. The use of drugs that stimulate the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells
  13. A procedure in which cells are removed from the cervix and examined for signs of cancer
  14. An uncommon but extremely serious form of skin cancer
  15. A mass of cells that grow more rapidly than normal cells but more slowly than most cancer cells and do not spread to other areas of the body
  16. A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells
  17. Abnormal body cells grouped together in a mass or lump
  18. A mass of cancer cells

30 Clues: A type of liver cancer • An x-ray of the breast • A mass of cancer cells • Found on one side of the body • Cancer of the part of the immune system • A substance or agent that causes cancer • A doctor who treats patients who have cancer • A kind of tumor that develops in breast cells • A cancerous tumor that originates in the kidneys • ...

Cell Theory Crossword 2021-08-18

Cell Theory Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. how prokaryotic cells reproduce
  2. this organism is a prokaryote
  3. tail that moves prokaryotic cells
  4. simple, small cell type
  5. schleidens friend who discovered animal cells
  6. the cell theory has _________ parts
  7. eukaryotic cells reproduce this way
Down
  1. scientist that concluded all cells come from existing cells
  2. you use this science tool to see cells
  3. Leeuwenhoek called cells this
  4. _______ cells come from preexisting cells
  5. large, complex cell type
  6. bacteria that causes food poisoning
  7. there are many strands of this genetic material in eukaryotic cells
  8. looked at cork and discovered cells

15 Clues: simple, small cell type • large, complex cell type • this organism is a prokaryote • Leeuwenhoek called cells this • how prokaryotic cells reproduce • tail that moves prokaryotic cells • bacteria that causes food poisoning • looked at cork and discovered cells • the cell theory has _________ parts • eukaryotic cells reproduce this way • you use this science tool to see cells • ...

Immunology Acronym List 2023-09-28

Immunology Acronym List crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
  2. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  3. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
  4. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  5. Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  6. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
  7. Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
  8. Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  9. Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  10. Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
  11. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  12. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  13. Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  14. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
  15. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  16. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
Down
  1. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  2. Macrophage: large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  3. Cell adhesion molecule
  4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  5. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  6. Cluster of differentiation: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
  7. Cell mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  8. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
  9. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  10. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
  11. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  12. Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  13. immune response
  14. Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
  15. Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others; transmit activating signals in innate immunity, humoral immunity and ADCC
  16. Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  17. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
  18. Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  19. Human immunodeficiency virus
  20. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection

36 Clues: immune response • Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection • ...

Immunology Crossword Puzzle 2023-10-01

Immunology Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. “Mannose-binding lectin”: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
  2. “Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity”: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
  3. “Acquired immune deficiency syndrome”: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
  4. “C-reactive protein”: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  5. “Cell mediated immunity”: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  6. “Immunoglobulin”, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  7. “Cytotoxic T lymphocytes”: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  8. T cell, T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  9. “Antibody”: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  10. “Antigen”: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  11. “lipopolysaccharide”: a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  12. “Cluster of differentiation”: designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Down
  1. cell adhesion molecule
  2. “Complementarity determining regions”: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  3. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”
  4. “Major histocompatibility complex”: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  5. “Dendritic cell”: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  6. “Nuclear factor of activated T cells”: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
  7. “Interleukin”: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  8. “Immune Response”
  9. “Human leukocyte antigen”: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
  10. “Highly active anti-retroviral therapy”: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  11. cell, B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  12. Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  13. T cell, T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity

25 Clues: “Immune Response” • cell adhesion molecule • “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” • “Antibody”: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • “Human leukocyte antigen”: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • “Acquired immune deficiency syndrome”: the end stage of disease in HIV infection • ...

Immunology 2 2023-11-15

Immunology 2 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. CD4+ T cells that assist in immune responses by activating other immune cells.
  2. Protein molecule found on cytotoxic T cells that binds to MHC class I molecules and plays a role in the immune response.
  3. Cell surface proteins that present antigens to helper T cells (CD4+) for immune response activation.
  4. Selection Process in the thymus where T cells that strongly react against self-antigens are eliminated.
  5. Signals required for full activation of T cells upon antigen recognition, providing secondary activation signals.
  6. Protein molecule found on helper T cells that binds to MHC class II molecules and plays a role in the immune response.
  7. Process in the thymus where T cells that recognize self-MHC molecules survive.
  8. Cells that process and present antigens to T cells. Examples include dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B cells.
Down
  1. Lymphoid tissue in the small intestine that plays a role in mucosal immunity.
  2. Organ where T cells mature and undergo positive and negative selection.
  3. Intracellular vesicles involved in the processing of exogenous antigens for presentation by MHC class II molecules.
  4. Signaling proteins that regulate cell migration and are involved in immune cell attraction to specific sites.
  5. Node Small, bean-shaped organs where immune cells gather to facilitate immune responses and filter lymph.
  6. A type of APC that plays a critical role in initiating immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells.
  7. Cell surface proteins that present antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) for immune response activation.
  8. Mechanism by which the immune system does not attack the body's own cells.
  9. (Natural Regulatory T Cells): Subset of T cells that suppress excessive immune responses and maintain self-tolerance.

17 Clues: Organ where T cells mature and undergo positive and negative selection. • Mechanism by which the immune system does not attack the body's own cells. • Lymphoid tissue in the small intestine that plays a role in mucosal immunity. • CD4+ T cells that assist in immune responses by activating other immune cells. • ...

Israel 2022-09-21

Israel crossword puzzle
Across
  1. something that looks like a cell
  2. to see cells
  3. In plant cell
  4. membrane in all cells
  5. carries oxygen
  6. epithelium waves like grass in wind
  7. made of cells
  8. Very dark part of cell
  9. has tiny threads
  10. In male cells
  11. Short cytoplasm
Down
  1. Contains chlorophyll
  2. has long extension
  3. Small organism
  4. has long axons
  5. found in a leaf
  6. has organs
  7. made of tissues
  8. surface of onion
  9. In all cells

20 Clues: has organs • to see cells • In all cells • In plant cell • made of cells • In male cells • Small organism • has long axons • carries oxygen • found in a leaf • made of tissues • Short cytoplasm • surface of onion • has tiny threads • has long extension • Contains chlorophyll • Very dark part of cell • membrane in all cells • something that looks like a cell • epithelium waves like grass in wind

Israel 2022-09-21

Israel crossword puzzle
Across
  1. something that looks like a cell
  2. to see cells
  3. In plant cell
  4. membrane in all cells
  5. carries oxygen
  6. epithelium waves like grass in wind
  7. made of cells
  8. Very dark part of cell
  9. has tiny threads
  10. In male cells
  11. Short cytoplasm
Down
  1. Contains chlorophyll
  2. has long extension
  3. Small organism
  4. has long axons
  5. found in a leaf
  6. has organs
  7. made of tissues
  8. surface of onion
  9. In all cells

20 Clues: has organs • to see cells • In all cells • In plant cell • made of cells • In male cells • Small organism • has long axons • carries oxygen • found in a leaf • made of tissues • Short cytoplasm • surface of onion • has tiny threads • has long extension • Contains chlorophyll • Very dark part of cell • membrane in all cells • something that looks like a cell • epithelium waves like grass in wind

Israel 2022-09-21

Israel crossword puzzle
Across
  1. something that looks like a cell
  2. to see cells
  3. In plant cell
  4. membrane in all cells
  5. carries oxygen
  6. epithelium waves like grass in wind
  7. made of cells
  8. Very dark part of cell
  9. has tiny threads
  10. In male cells
  11. Short cytoplasm
Down
  1. Contains chlorophyll
  2. has long extension
  3. Small organism
  4. has long axons
  5. found in a leaf
  6. has organs
  7. made of tissues
  8. surface of onion
  9. In all cells

20 Clues: has organs • to see cells • In all cells • In plant cell • made of cells • In male cells • Small organism • has long axons • carries oxygen • found in a leaf • made of tissues • Short cytoplasm • surface of onion • has tiny threads • has long extension • Contains chlorophyll • Very dark part of cell • membrane in all cells • something that looks like a cell • epithelium waves like grass in wind

The Immune System 2021-10-18

The Immune System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. artificially produced antibodies
  2. Triggered by B-cells
  3. a way in which T-Cells kill
  4. One of the Types of cells B-cells churn out
  5. Another word for killer T-cell?
  6. Memory cells function are the basis for these?
  7. Type of cell already in the body from a previous exposure
  8. a type of B-cell
Down
  1. Invading or foreign cells
  2. Cells that mature in the thymus
  3. antibody mediated immune response
  4. Macrophages produce these when engulfing pathogens
  5. phagocyte antigen presenting cells
  6. B and T cells
  7. a y shaped protein
  8. Alternative name for an antibody

16 Clues: B and T cells • a type of B-cell • a y shaped protein • Triggered by B-cells • Invading or foreign cells • a way in which T-Cells kill • Cells that mature in the thymus • Another word for killer T-cell? • artificially produced antibodies • Alternative name for an antibody • antibody mediated immune response • phagocyte antigen presenting cells • ...

Israel 2022-09-21

Israel crossword puzzle
Across
  1. something that looks like a cell
  2. to see cells
  3. In plant cell
  4. membrane in all cells
  5. carries oxygen
  6. epithelium waves like grass in wind
  7. made of cells
  8. Very dark part of cell
  9. has tiny threads
  10. In male cells
  11. Short cytoplasm
Down
  1. Contains chlorophyll
  2. has long extension
  3. Small organism
  4. has long axons
  5. found in a leaf
  6. has organs
  7. made of tissues
  8. surface of onion
  9. In all cells

20 Clues: has organs • to see cells • In all cells • In plant cell • made of cells • In male cells • Small organism • has long axons • carries oxygen • found in a leaf • made of tissues • Short cytoplasm • surface of onion • has tiny threads • has long extension • Contains chlorophyll • Very dark part of cell • membrane in all cells • something that looks like a cell • epithelium waves like grass in wind

A&PII Exam III Review 2026-03-11

A&PII Exam III Review crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Lymphatics located in subcutaneous tissues
  2. _____ tonsils are located in the posterior oral cavity
  3. Substances that induce fever
  4. Molecule on B cells that binds antigen
  5. Tonsil located in the nasopharynx
  6. Trunks draining lower limbs and pelvic organs
  7. Keratinized epithelial barrier protecting against pathogens
  8. Antibody region responsible for antigen binding
  9. Age-related shrinkage of the thymus
  10. Lymphoid nodules in the pharynx intercepting pathogens
  11. Molecules that present antigen fragments on cell surfaces
  12. The cisterna _____ collects lymph from intestinal trunks
  13. Another class of interferon proteins
  14. Physical structures preventing pathogen entry
  15. Immune cells responsible for adaptive immunity
  16. Lymphatic vessels occur in most vascularized _____
  17. Natural _____ cells destroy infected cells
  18. Pyrogens produced by immune cells
  19. Inner lymph node region containing plasma cells
  20. Chemical mediator released by mast cells
  21. Expansion of lymphocytes after antigen recognition
  22. Network of vessels that transports lymph toward the heart
  23. Cells that perform phagocytosis of debris and pathogens
  24. Heavy _____ determine antibody class
  25. Large lymphatic channels receiving lymphatic trunks
  26. Antiviral proteins produced during viral infection
  27. Membrane attack _____ forms pores in pathogens
  28. T cells that suppress immune responses
  29. Tonsils located at the base of the tongue
  30. The _____ duct drains most of the body
  31. Process of B cells becoming plasma cells
  32. Antibody region interacting with immune cells
  33. Trunks that drain the upper limbs
  34. Outer region of a lymph node containing B cell follicles
  35. Spread of cancer cells through lymphatic drainage pathways
  36. Adaptive immunity provides highly _____ antigen targeting
  37. Anchoring _____ prevent collapse of lymphatic capillaries
  38. Skeletal _____ contractions help push lymph through vessels
  39. Tight _____ prevent microbial penetration between cells
  40. Sticky secretion that traps pathogens
  41. One class of interferon proteins
  42. Elevated body temperature caused by pyrogens
  43. Cells that engulf microbes during innate immunity
  44. Thin endothelial walls increase vessel permeability
  45. Lymphatics found along major arteries and veins
  46. Programmed cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells
  47. Process of displaying antigens to T cells
  48. Interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels
  49. Fluid accumulation causing tissue enlargement
Down
  1. Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells
  2. Immune response to tissue injury or infection
  3. Increased vessel _____ allows immune cells to exit blood
  4. Major antigen-presenting cells found in tissues
  5. The _____ lymphatic duct drains the right upper quadrant
  6. Pressure changes during _____ assist lymph movement
  7. Trunks draining thoracic organs
  8. Major lymphatic vessels draining large body regions
  9. Interferon type that activates immune cells
  10. Small bean-shaped organs that filter lymph
  11. Primary lymphoid organ responsible for T cell maturation
  12. Germinal _____ are sites of rapid B cell proliferation
  13. Complement pathway activated by antigen-antibody complexes
  14. Intestinal lymphoid aggregates called _____ patches
  15. Widening of blood vessels during inflammation
  16. Complement pathway activated directly by pathogen surfaces
  17. Hormones secreted by the thymus regulating T cell development
  18. Flexible region allowing antibody movement
  19. Type of immunity present at birth
  20. T cells that destroy infected or abnormal cells
  21. Immunity that develops after antigen exposure
  22. Structures that move mucus out of respiratory tract
  23. B cell clusters found in the lymph node cortex
  24. One classic sign of inflammation
  25. Proteins that create pores in target cells
  26. Skin secretion containing antimicrobial compounds
  27. Smallest lymphatic vessels that begin as blind-ended sacs
  28. Molecules capable of triggering an immune response
  29. _____ lymphoid tissue contains scattered immune cells
  30. Tissue that replaces thymic tissue with aging
  31. Lymph node region containing T lymphocytes
  32. Structures that prevent backward movement of lymph
  33. Lymphatic trunks draining head and neck
  34. Sensory response associated with inflammation
  35. Cells that produce and secrete antibodies
  36. Surface folds in tonsils that trap pathogens
  37. Group of plasma proteins involved in immune defense
  38. Lymphatic capillaries have a larger _____ than blood capillaries
  39. Enzymes that trigger apoptosis in infected cells
  40. Pyrogens produced by pathogens
  41. Abbreviation for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
  42. Cell destruction caused by membrane attack complexes
  43. T cells that activate other immune cells
  44. Disease-causing microorganisms detected by the immune system
  45. Oily skin secretion that creates acidic environment
  46. Long-term immune protection after infection

95 Clues: Substances that induce fever • Pyrogens produced by pathogens • Trunks draining thoracic organs • One classic sign of inflammation • One class of interferon proteins • Tonsil located in the nasopharynx • Pyrogens produced by immune cells • Type of immunity present at birth • Trunks that drain the upper limbs • Age-related shrinkage of the thymus • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
  2. Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
  3. Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
  4. Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
  5. Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
  6. Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  7. Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
  8. The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
Down
  1. The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
  2. Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
  3. These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
  4. Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
  5. Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
  6. Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
  7. Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
  8. In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
  9. Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
  10. Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
  11. Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
  12. _________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

Host Defenses II – Adaptive Defenses & Immunization 2026-03-19

Host Defenses II – Adaptive Defenses & Immunization crossword puzzle
Across
  1. CELLS Cells that kill infected cells
  2. microorganism
  3. that bind to antigens
  4. substance that triggers an immune response
  5. White blood cells that are key in adaptive immunity
  6. ability to resist infection
  7. immediate defense system
  8. Cells involved in cell-mediated immunity
Down
  1. of antigen to create immunity
  2. of immune system to respond faster second time
  3. immunity with memory
  4. of engulfing pathogens
  5. CELLS Cells that activate other immune cells
  6. Cells that produce antibodies
  7. CELLS Cells that control immune response

15 Clues: microorganism • immunity with memory • that bind to antigens • of engulfing pathogens • immediate defense system • ability to resist infection • of antigen to create immunity • Cells that produce antibodies • CELLS Cells that kill infected cells • CELLS Cells that control immune response • Cells involved in cell-mediated immunity • substance that triggers an immune response • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
  2. The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
  3. Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
  4. Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
  5. Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
  6. Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
  7. Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  8. Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
  9. Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
  10. Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
  11. The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
  12. Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
  13. In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
Down
  1. Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
  2. Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
  3. An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
  4. Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
  5. These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
  6. _________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
  7. Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

Immune System Crossword 2023-02-27

Immune System Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. This occurs when mast cells release compounds to dilate blood vessels.
  2. Large phagocytes that develop from monocytes. These are slower to respond to an infection but stay on the site longer.
  3. Type of cytokine that acts as a signaling molecule. They attract, activate, and direct the movement of different immune cells.
  4. Common clinical symptom of wide spread inflammation. Hypothalamus increases body temperature in order to help prevent pathogens from replicating. Also promotes the activity of certain lymphocytes.
  5. Type of cytokine that responds to infections by viruses or other intracellular parasites. Type one inhibits viral replication and activates NK cells. Type two stimulates macrophages to destroy tumor cells and host cells that are infected by a virus.
  6. Type of cell that is responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. Matures into plasma cells which creates specific antibodies.
  7. The most common white blood cell that responds quickly to an infection but also quickly "loses interest" in it.
  8. Type of cell responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Attacks body cells infected by pathogens, foreign cells, or cells altered by mutations.
  9. This type of cell is a large, granular lymphocyte that use perforins to form pores in target cells. They destroy targets by nonspecific and specific (antibody-mediated) processes.
  10. Type of immunity where the immune system recognizes specific molecules as foreign.
  11. A large and diverse group of peptides and proteins that signal molecules as well as regulate the immune response. They are produced by a wide variety of cells.
Down
  1. Type of immunity that provides an immediate, general protection against pathogens, parasites, some toxins and drugs, and cancer cells.
  2. Type of cytokine that stimulates immune cells to initiate an inflammatory response. It also acts on the hypothalamus to induce fever. A large release of this can lead to septic shock.
  3. This type of cell develops from monocytes and has long extensions of the cytoplasm. They capture microbial antigens by phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis.
  4. This type of immune system response involves vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and increased phagocytosis.
  5. Compound secreted by mast cells which increase capillary permeability.
  6. Type of cytokine that affects the cell that produced it.
  7. Study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals.
  8. Type of cytokine that regulates the activities of nearby cells. They only last a short amount of time.
  9. This type of protein involves a cascade of reactions. They work to destroy pathogens by creating pores in pathogens, coating pathogens so macrophages can phagocytose them easier, attract white blood cells to the infection site, and bind to receptors on immune system cells to stimulate them.
  10. Type of cytokine that is mainly secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes. They work to regulate interactions between white blood cells and other cells. Type one works with TNF to mediate inflammation. Type twelve stimulates NK cells and T cells to produce INF-gamma.

21 Clues: Type of cytokine that affects the cell that produced it. • Study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals. • This occurs when mast cells release compounds to dilate blood vessels. • Compound secreted by mast cells which increase capillary permeability. • Type of immunity where the immune system recognizes specific molecules as foreign. • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
  2. In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
  3. Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
  4. Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
  5. Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
  6. Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
  7. These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
  8. Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
  9. Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
  10. _________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
  11. The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
  12. Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
Down
  1. Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
  2. The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
  3. Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
  4. Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
  5. Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
  6. Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
  7. Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  8. An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
  2. In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
  3. Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
  4. Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
  5. Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
  6. Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
  7. These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.
  8. Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
  9. Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
  10. _________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
  11. The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
  12. Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
Down
  1. Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
  2. The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
  3. Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
  4. Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
  5. Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
  6. Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
  7. Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  8. An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

Lymphatic System 2025-04-02

Lymphatic System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Effector cells for T cells that produce toxic agents to kill their targets.
  2. Site of maturation for T cells.
  3. Site of origin for B and T cells.
  4. Tonsil located on either side at posterior end of the oral cavity.
  5. Secondary organ that gathers and removes pathogens entering the pharynx in food or inhaled air.
  6. Tonsil with lymphoid follicles at base of tongue.
  7. Tonsil located on posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
  8. This system returns fluids that leaked from the vascular system back to the blood.
  9. These drain large areas of the body.
Down
  1. Surface receptors for B cells.
  2. Effector cells for B cells.
  3. Tonsil that surrounds openings of auditory tubes into the pharynx.
  4. Effector cells for T cells that suppress immune response.
  5. This duct receives lymph from a majority of the body.
  6. Effector cells for T cells that stimulate B cells to make antibodies and T cells to become active.
  7. Secondary organ that provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
  8. Secondary organ where macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and other debris to prevent them from being delivered to the blood.
  9. This lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of the head, and the thorax.

18 Clues: Effector cells for B cells. • Surface receptors for B cells. • Site of maturation for T cells. • Site of origin for B and T cells. • These drain large areas of the body. • Tonsil with lymphoid follicles at base of tongue. • Tonsil located on posterior wall of the nasopharynx. • This duct receives lymph from a majority of the body. • ...

Biology Chapter 13 Vocab 2023-02-08

Biology Chapter 13 Vocab crossword puzzle
Across
  1. One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
  2. Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
  3. Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells
  4. Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
  5. Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)
  6. First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
  7. Disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth
  8. Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
  9. Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
  10. Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
  11. Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
  12. Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
  13. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
  14. One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
  15. Process of development during which embryonic cells specialize and diverse tissue structures arise
Down
  1. Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types
  2. Process of reproduction that involves a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
  3. The process of programmed cell death
  4. Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
  5. Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
  6. Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells
  7. Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
  8. Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
  9. One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
  10. Developing stage of a multicellular organism
  11. Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
  12. Threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
  13. Process in which cells divide into new daughter cells

28 Clues: The process of programmed cell death • Developing stage of a multicellular organism • Process in which cells divide into new daughter cells • Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells • One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome • Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue • ...

Immunology Terms 2023-10-02

Immunology Terms crossword puzzle
Across
  1. an antibody or other substance which binds to foreign microorganisms or cells making them more susceptible to phagocytosis ex) IgG
  2. a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or
  3. a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be boundby TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  4. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  5. end stage of disease in an HIV infection
  6. natural killer cell; large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell
  7. transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  8. white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
  9. a soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of complement and acts as an opsonin
  10. inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells
  11. major histocompatibility complex: molecule that binds peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cells
Down
  1. presenting cell, a cells that is able to present antigen via major histocompatibility complex
  2. generalized characterization of many different cytokines aka chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  3. member of the TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  4. a large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  5. immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  6. acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine (a constituent in some bacterias) that can trigger complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  7. end product of the complement cascade cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in a pathogen membrane leading to lysis
  8. protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
  9. thymus-derived lymphocytes ex)CD4 and CD8
  10. 2 acronyms for the family names of common chemokines (chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties)
  11. cell adhesion molecule; surface protein moderating interactions between cells
  12. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells

23 Clues: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • end stage of disease in an HIV infection • thymus-derived lymphocytes ex)CD4 and CD8 • protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules • inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells • ...

Cell Growth and Division Ch 10 2018-04-22

Cell Growth and Division Ch 10 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. 1st phase of mitosis
  2. Stimulate the growth and division of cells.
  3. Process of programmed cell death.
  4. Duplicated strands of DNA molecule can be seen to be attached along their length at an area.
  5. Period of growth
  6. Type of reproduction in which cells from 2 parents untie to form the first cell of the new organism.
  7. One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle.
  8. Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more specialized cells.
  9. Division of the cytoplasm
  10. DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome.
  11. Cells that are capable of developing into most of the body's cell types.
  12. Cancer cells from a mass of cells
  13. The complex of chromosome and protein.
  14. Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.
  15. 3rd phase of mitosis.
Down
  1. Developing stage of a multi-cellular organism.
  2. 2nd phase of mitosis.
  3. 1st stage of process division of the cell nucleus.
  4. The process of reproduction a single offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
  5. The process by which a cell divided into 2 daughter cells.
  6. Genetic information bundled into packages of DNA.
  7. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
  8. The series of events cells go through.
  9. 4th and final phase of mitosis.
  10. Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
  11. Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
  12. Spindle fibers extended from a region called the centro-some.
  13. A disorder in when body cells lose the ability to control growth.

28 Clues: Period of growth • 1st phase of mitosis • 2nd phase of mitosis. • 3rd phase of mitosis. • Division of the cytoplasm • 4th and final phase of mitosis. • Process of programmed cell death. • Cancer cells from a mass of cells • The series of events cells go through. • The complex of chromosome and protein. • DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome. • ...

Cell History and Types Quiz Review 2024-10-07

Cell History and Types Quiz Review crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Type of cell that animals and plants are made of
  2. Scientist who identified and named the nucleus
  3. Type of cell that does NOT have a nucleus
  4. Pollen grains and nerve cells have their particular functions due to their unique _____
  5. Structure which surrounds all cells and separates them from their environment (two words, no space)
  6. The flexible network of microtubules which helps to give all cells internal structure
Down
  1. Schwann determined that all ____ are made of cells
  2. Invented by Zaccharis Jansen
  3. Gel-like fluid all cells are filled with
  4. All cells contain ____, genetic material which contains instructions to build proteins
  5. Type of cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw when he looked at dental scrapings
  6. Specialized structures which have specific tasks and are primarily found in eukaryotic cells
  7. All cells have ribosomes, a structure where ____ are built
  8. Part of the cell theory: all ____ things are made up of cells
  9. Botanist who determined all plants are made of cells
  10. Scientist who coined the term "cell"
  11. Scientist who proposed that new cells come from pre-existing cells dividing
  12. Prokaryotic cells primarily make up single-celled organisms like _____

18 Clues: Invented by Zaccharis Jansen • Scientist who coined the term "cell" • Gel-like fluid all cells are filled with • Type of cell that does NOT have a nucleus • Scientist who identified and named the nucleus • Type of cell that animals and plants are made of • Schwann determined that all ____ are made of cells • Botanist who determined all plants are made of cells • ...

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS 2024-03-13

TOPIC 14: STEM CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Is an example of transcription factor which triggers the development and lineage commitment or differentiation of cells.
  2. Multipotent stem cells of blood in bone marrow can differentiate to form ________cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
  3. Umbilical cord can be a source of multipotent stem cells which can be frozen for future therapeutic use and ___________transfer.
  4. Cell ____________ is based on the concept that somatic cell nucleus contain all of the genes needed for full development of an embryo as proposed by Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, both won the 2012 Nobel Laureates prize in Medicine or physiology.
  5. The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate.
  6. Bone marrow is a source for ___________ stem cells, which can be cryopreserved and transfer back to patient to replenish cell population, after patient is treated with chemotherapy
  7. Pluripotent stem cells be identified using distinct surface ______ to indicate the extent of differentiation.
  8. Binding of sperm cell to its specific receptor on egg cell will initiate GPCR cell signalling for release of ___________ions from ER to the cytoplasm of the egg, initiating formation of a protective fertilization envelop around the fertilized egg.
  9. Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation
  10. _________ stem cells secrete substances necessary for ECM that can promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of stem cells on an artificial scaffold for regeneration and repair of damage tissue.
  11. Cells able to give rise to most, but not all, tissues of an organism, eg. cells from the inner mass or blastocyst stage.
  12. The formation and thickening of the fertilization envelop that surrounds the fertilised egg is due to the_______ of hydrolytic enzymes stored in vesicles.
Down
  1. Are 1-2 cell stage of an embryo and have unlimited ability to form other cell or tissue types and even the embryo itself.
  2. Is a tool for rapid assessment of pluripotency in human in vitro stem cell preparations by comparing whole genome expression profile or transcriptomic profile of the derived stem cell line with the undifferentiated euploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  3. An alternate approach for tissue therapy is to____________ terminally differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into multipotent proliferative cells with the capacity to regenerate all components of a damaged tissue.
  4. Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells.
  5. In _________ cloning, nucleus from patient’s somatic cell is transfer to a enucleated oocyte from a donor to generate an embryo that can provide stem cells that is immunologically compatible with donor patient for transplantation.
  6. Sir John Gurdon demonstrated that the nucleus of a frog’s _________cell could be reprogrammed to behave like the nucleus of a fertilized frog egg.
  7. Which part of an egg contained factors capable of orchestrating the necessary changes in an incoming nucleus?
  8. These cells can be produced by treatment with transcription factors to revert intact mouse somatic cells to pluripotent state without an egg or embryo as intermediary.

20 Clues: The __________ of stem cells decreases when cells differentiate. • Cells committed to give rise to cells that have a specific function, eg. hematopoietic stem cells. • Stem cells renewal mechanisms include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation • ...

RadBio Radiation Effects 2016-12-07

RadBio Radiation Effects crossword puzzle
Across
  1. White Cells
  2. Platelets
  3. Effect of cell death, resulting in reduction in size of tissue or organ
  4. Red blood cells that are the transportation agents for oxygen.
  5. Reduction in white cells of the peripheral blood
  6. Ovarian stem cells encapsulated by primordial follicles during late fetal life
  7. _______illness refers to the acute radiation lethality stage, including hematologic, gastrointestinal, and neuromuscular symptoms
  8. Outer layer of the skin
  9. Rapid rise in scavenger cells
  10. stem cells in the lowest layer of the skin that mature as they slowly migrate to the surface of the epidermis
Down
  1. Development of germ cells by both ovaries and testes that occurs at varying rates and times
  2. Period during which a subject exposed to radiation is free of visible effects
  3. Platelets involved in blood clotting
  4. ______Radiation syndrome is produced by radiation doses of approximately 10 to 50 Gy.
  5. Stem cells of the ovaries
  6. Scavenger cells used to fight bacteria
  7. Reduction in the number of immune response cells
  8. Syndrome of acute clinical symptoms that occur within hours of exposure and continue for up to a day or two.
  9. Loss of hair

19 Clues: Platelets • White Cells • Loss of hair • Outer layer of the skin • Stem cells of the ovaries • Rapid rise in scavenger cells • Platelets involved in blood clotting • Scavenger cells used to fight bacteria • Reduction in the number of immune response cells • Reduction in white cells of the peripheral blood • Red blood cells that are the transportation agents for oxygen. • ...

Stem Cells 1 2014-01-02

Stem Cells 1 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. The rapidly dividing cell type in stem cell systems
  2. Progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells are _____ because they can only form a few cell types
  3. ______ is the best understood stem cell system, and refers to the formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow
  4. The process by which a non stem cell is differentiated into a different type of cell using varying transcription factors
  5. Cell death caused by internal damage to DNA or external death signals that does not cause inflammation
  6. Type of cancer that does not follow the stem cell model, does not show hierarchical structure
  7. Special proteases responsible for apoptosis
  8. Stem cells created using retroviruses transducing specific "Yamanka" genes, reverting it back to a pluripotent state.
  9. Where you are likely to find intestinal stem cells
  10. Embryonic stem cells are considered _______ and can form all 3 germ layers
  11. Inhibiting this in colorectal cancer cells causes them to become normal villus cells
  12. Tumor consisting of multiple germ layers, result of transplanting undifferentiated stem cells
Down
  1. Stem cells are physiologically ______, meaning they haven't been differentiated
  2. Telomerase is a _______ because it produces DNA from an RNA template
  3. The germ layer that forms muscle and blood cells
  4. Located at the very bottom of crypts and act as niche cells for ISC’s
  5. A GPCR and signaling pathway that regulates ISC proliferation
  6. Protective, noncoding repeats of DNA at the end of chromosomes that prevent damage to genes during replication, and shorten with age
  7. One of the three types of progenitors in the Hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy
  8. To determine if a cell is an HSC, you can perform a functional test or look for _____ on the cell surface
  9. Stage of embryonic development that gives rise to the 3 germ layers

21 Clues: Special proteases responsible for apoptosis • The germ layer that forms muscle and blood cells • Where you are likely to find intestinal stem cells • The rapidly dividing cell type in stem cell systems • A GPCR and signaling pathway that regulates ISC proliferation • Stage of embryonic development that gives rise to the 3 germ layers • ...

Immune System Vocab 2021-05-21

Immune System Vocab crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cytokine that causes an inflammatory response to an injury; resulting in redness, swelling, warmth and pain.
  2. a cell that engulfs large particles or whole cells
  3. fluid found in the lymphatic system
  4. a large white blood cell that attacks pathogen-infected cellsand cancer cells
  5. T-cells shut down system
  6. system that has fights off invading pathogens and preventing spread of cancer
  7. resistance to a certain pathogen
  8. white blood cells engulf forgeign substances and body temperature rises
  9. largest lymphatic organ; disintegrates old red blood cells, produces lymphocytes and plasmids
  10. kill pathogens by puncturing cell membrane
  11. nodes filter lymph for bacteria and tumor cells
Down
  1. a process where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
  2. a large white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and cellular debris
  3. produces antibodies in response to antigens
  4. a substance that stimulates an immune response
  5. protein that inhibits the reproduction of viruses
  6. white blood cell that protects the body from reinfection by a specific pathogen
  7. initiate chemical response
  8. stimulates an immune response against an antigen
  9. an organism that causes disease

20 Clues: T-cells shut down system • initiate chemical response • an organism that causes disease • resistance to a certain pathogen • fluid found in the lymphatic system • kill pathogens by puncturing cell membrane • produces antibodies in response to antigens • a substance that stimulates an immune response • stimulates an immune response against an antigen • ...

Cancer Cure 2024-03-12

Cancer Cure crossword puzzle
Across
  1. a disease that causes inflammation throughout the joints of the body
  2. a method to help treat cancer
  3. a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer
  4. type of white blood cell normally helps the immune system fight infections
  5. a doctor who cares for children with cancer
  6. another type of cell
  7. blood circulating through a person or animal’s body.
  8. a treatment using someone’s immune cells to help kill off dangerous cancer cells.
  9. a machine that helps a patient breathe
  10. a doctor who cares for people with cancer
  11. carry oxygen to other cells throughout the body
Down
  1. A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells
  2. a unit of hereditary material
  3. a type of cancer that is also very harmful to people
  4. another type of cell called T-cells
  5. protect the body against disease
  6. a large, biological molecule
  7. a disease caused by abnormal cell growth
  8. help form clots that stop a wound from bleeding
  9. Free of cancer, they don’t have it anymore.
  10. a state of unconsciousness
  11. helps fight infections
  12. an experimental study
  13. a molecule that carries instructions for how a cell functions
  14. soft tissue within bones makes blood cells

25 Clues: another type of cell • an experimental study • helps fight infections • a state of unconsciousness • a large, biological molecule • a unit of hereditary material • a method to help treat cancer • protect the body against disease • another type of cell called T-cells • a machine that helps a patient breathe • a disease caused by abnormal cell growth • ...

REVISION WORKSHEET ON TISSUES. 2024-02-15

REVISION WORKSHEET ON TISSUES. crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Waxy coating on plant parts of desert plants.
  2. Interconnections between lignified dead cells.
  3. Muscular tissue which is attached to bones.
  4. Cell of nervous tissue.
  5. Epithelial tissue with flat cells.
  6. This tissue makes the plant parts elastic.
  7. Dividing plant tissue.
  8. Fat containing connective tissue.
  9. Food transporting plant tissue.
  10. Water proofing substance found in cork cells.
  11. Plant tissue with one type of cells only.
  12. Dead plant tissue with lignified walls.
  13. Air spaces between this tissue helps the lotus plant to float on water.
  14. Epithelial Cells which help in secretion.
  15. Water transporting plant tissue.
  16. Plant tissue which helps to increase height.
  17. Cells present in cartilage.
Down
  1. Many layers of cells of skin.
  2. Water transporting cells with a lot of pits.
  3. Pores present on leaf epidermis which help in gaseous exchange and transpiration.
  4. Tall epithelial cells with nucleus at the base.
  5. Cells which are similar in structure and work towards the same goal.
  6. Non cellular layer beneath the epithelial tissue.
  7. Connects bone to muscle.
  8. Chlorophyll containing Plant tissue.
  9. Muscles which work without fatigue throughout life.
  10. Plant tissue helping in side branching.
  11. Thin walled living plant tissue.
  12. Elastic tissue which Connects bone to bone.
  13. Spindle shaped muscular tissue.
  14. Living cells found in food transporting tissue of plant which do not actually transport food.
  15. Plant tissue which helps to increase girth.

32 Clues: Dividing plant tissue. • Cell of nervous tissue. • Connects bone to muscle. • Cells present in cartilage. • Many layers of cells of skin. • Food transporting plant tissue. • Spindle shaped muscular tissue. • Thin walled living plant tissue. • Water transporting plant tissue. • Fat containing connective tissue. • Epithelial tissue with flat cells. • ...

Tissue Engineering (BIOLOGY OF STEM CELLS) 2025-09-30

Tissue Engineering (BIOLOGY OF STEM CELLS) crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Clinical procedure of transferring cells or tissues into a patient
  2. Molecules stimulating cell proliferation and survival
  3. Successful integration of transplanted stem cells into host tissue
  4. Family tree of cells showing their origins and fates
  5. Ability of stem cells to grow into colonies in culture
  6. Dormant state of a stem cell in its niche
  7. Stage-specific embryonic antigen used as a pluripotency marker
  8. Term describing therapies that repair or replace damaged tissues
  9. Signaling proteins controlling stem cell growth and differentiation
  10. Surface antigen identifying undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells
  11. Scientific name for red blood cells
  12. Process of separating cells based on their properties (like in FACS)
  13. Field studying moral issues around stem cell research
  14. Stem cell able to produce only one cell type
  15. Location of proteins used as stem cell markers
  16. Movement of transplanted stem cells to their target tissue
Down
  1. The surroundings that influence stem cell behavior
  2. A cell that has acquired specialized structure and function
  3. Identifying cells by the types of antigens or markers they express
  4. The sequence of steps from stem cell to mature cell
  5. Lineage of blood cells producing B and T cells
  6. Another mesenchymal stem cell surface marker, also called Thy-1
  7. Technique to detect cell surface markers with tagged antibodies
  8. General name for white blood cells
  9. Property defining the essential features of a stem cell
  10. Type of application aimed at treating diseases
  11. MSC marker also known as endoglin
  12. Lineage of blood cells including granulocytes, monocytes, etc
  13. Intermediate cell between a stem cell and fully differentiated cell
  14. Stem cell able to form all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues

30 Clues: MSC marker also known as endoglin • General name for white blood cells • Scientific name for red blood cells • Dormant state of a stem cell in its niche • Stem cell able to produce only one cell type • Lineage of blood cells producing B and T cells • Type of application aimed at treating diseases • Location of proteins used as stem cell markers • ...

Crossword of Transport System 2024-10-31

Crossword of Transport System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Substance that makes cell walls waterproof in root cells.
  2. Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water from roots to leaves.
  3. Pores on leaves allowing gas exchange.
  4. Inner protective cell layer, regulating nutrient flow in roots.
  5. Cells within leaves, arranged for maximum light absorption.
  6. Cells with unevenly thickened walls providing flexible support.
  7. Process where plants lose water through leaves.
  8. Type of drawing for detailed study at higher magnification.
  9. Main vein in the leaf that supplies water and nutrients.
  10. Primary tissue that forms new vascular cells within a bundle.
  11. Tissue layer in leaves responsible for photosynthesis.
  12. Specialized root cells that aid in nutrient passage.
  13. Type of drawing used to observe a specimen at low magnification.
  14. Secondary tissue that forms new vascular cells between bundles.
  15. Vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Down
  1. Thick-walled cells that provide structural support.
  2. Barrier in roots that prevents unregulated movement of substances.
  3. Potential energy determining water movement in plant cells.
  4. The tissue located between the epidermis and vascular bundles.
  5. Process where liquid changes into vapor at leaf surfaces.
  6. Tissue system that moves water and nutrients throughout the plant.
  7. Movement path through cell walls and intercellular spaces.
  8. Small opening in cell walls allowing water movement between cells.
  9. Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.
  10. Water and nutrient movement path inside living cells.
  11. Polymer that strengthens cell walls, especially in woody plants.
  12. Type of plant cells that play a supportive and storage role.
  13. Force that holds water molecules together.
  14. Outermost layer of cells, acting as the plant’s skin.
  15. Outer ring of cells that forms new vascular tissue in roots.
  16. Force that helps water cling to other surfaces.

31 Clues: Pores on leaves allowing gas exchange. • Force that holds water molecules together. • Process where plants lose water through leaves. • Force that helps water cling to other surfaces. • Thick-walled cells that provide structural support. • Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane. • Specialized root cells that aid in nutrient passage. • ...

Cell Terms 2020-11-14

Cell Terms crossword puzzle
Across
  1. scientific instrument used to see objects to small for the naked eye.
  2. phospholipid bilayer that regulates what comes in and out of a cell.
  3. concluded that all plants were made of cells.
  4. jelly-like material that fills the entire cell.
  5. a type of eukaryote with no cell wall, rounder shape, and smaller vacuoles.
  6. flat membrane sac that modifies/packages proteins to leave the cell.
  7. concluded that all animals were made of cells.
  8. smaller, more simple cells with no nucleus.
  9. 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure/function in living things 3. New cells come from existing ones.
Down
  1. bigger, more complex cells with a nucleus.
  2. a type of eukaryote with a cell wall, rectangle shape, and larger vacuoles.
  3. identified the nucleus in the cells.
  4. tiny structures that make proteins and are found on rough ER or in cytoplasm.
  5. membrane enclosed sac that have enzymes for digestion and destroying bacteria/old cell parts.
  6. looked at pond water under a microscope and saw tiny organisms swimming in the water.
  7. concluded that all new cells come from existing cells.
  8. looked at cork under a microscope and saw "little rooms" he called "cells".
  9. the center of the cell and acts as the control center.
  10. rigid cellulose structure that surrounds the cell to protect/support it.
  11. the basic unit of life.

20 Clues: the basic unit of life. • identified the nucleus in the cells. • bigger, more complex cells with a nucleus. • smaller, more simple cells with no nucleus. • concluded that all plants were made of cells. • concluded that all animals were made of cells. • jelly-like material that fills the entire cell. • concluded that all new cells come from existing cells. • ...

Host Defenses I – Overview & Innate Defenses (Chapter 12) 2026-03-17

Host Defenses I – Overview & Innate Defenses (Chapter 12) crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Microbes that cause disease in a host organism.
  2. Signaling proteins released by infected cells that inhibit viral replication.
  3. Molecules shared by groups of pathogens that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors.
  4. A chemical released during inflammation that increases blood vessel permeability.
  5. A group of proteins in the blood that enhance immune responses and can cause pathogen lysis.
  6. Physical, chemical, and biological barriers that block pathogen entry.
  7. Immune cells that capture antigens and present them to T cells.
  8. Innate immune responses that act inside the body once pathogens have entered.
  9. Receptors on immune cells that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
  10. Adaptive immune response involving B cells and antibodies in body fluids.
Down
  1. The process by which immune cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris.
  2. An elevated body temperature that enhances immune function and inhibits pathogen growth.
  3. White blood cells that lack visible granules in the cytoplasm.
  4. Nonspecific, immediate immune response present from birth.
  5. A life-threatening condition caused by severe systemic infection leading to widespread inflammation and organ failure.
  6. Specific immune response that develops after exposure to a pathogen.
  7. Granulocytes that combat parasites and participate in allergic reactions.
  8. The most abundant white blood cells and the first responders to infection.
  9. response Adaptive immune response involving T cells that target infected or abnormal cells.
  10. A thick fluid composed of dead tissue, pathogens, and immune cells.

20 Clues: Microbes that cause disease in a host organism. • Nonspecific, immediate immune response present from birth. • White blood cells that lack visible granules in the cytoplasm. • Immune cells that capture antigens and present them to T cells. • A thick fluid composed of dead tissue, pathogens, and immune cells. • ...

The Immune System 2022-05-18

The Immune System crossword puzzle
Across
  1. the cells that eat pathogens and release enzymes
  2. the system that manages fluid levels and helps the immune system move things around
  3. the name of the proteins that pathogens have that antibodies identify
  4. a group of cells that make up the bulk of the immune system
  5. the class of diseases that are the result of the immune system attacking your own healthy cells
  6. the cells that make copies of the antigens
Down
  1. what cells kill infected body cells
  2. the cells that eat invaders
  3. what results from the release of immune cells to an injured area
  4. the proteins that follow antibodies around and break down pathogens
  5. the proteins that identify antigens on pathogens
  6. this is the result of an overactive immune system
  7. where new blood cells are made
  8. the cells that make antibodies
  9. the organ where t cells are made
  10. the severe allergic reaction that can be deadly
  11. the organ that destroys old cells and makes some immune components

17 Clues: the cells that eat invaders • where new blood cells are made • the cells that make antibodies • the organ where t cells are made • what cells kill infected body cells • the cells that make copies of the antigens • the severe allergic reaction that can be deadly • the cells that eat pathogens and release enzymes • the proteins that identify antigens on pathogens • ...

REVIEW- Section 1 2024-04-30

REVIEW- Section 1 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. ___ light microscope was the first invented, glass lens, dye to stain cells
  2. Schleiden studied ___ tissues
  3. Specialized structured that carry out specific cell functions
  4. designed microscope after reading Hooke's book
  5. Virchow discovered that cells are ___ from division of existing cells
  6. all___ things are composed of one or more cells
  7. ____ cells contain a nucleus and organelles are membrane bound
  8. ____ theory explains that one prokaryotic cell living inside or another -> both benefit from relationship
  9. cells are basic unit of ___ and organization
  10. ____ microscope uses magnets to aim beams at thin slices of cells
  11. ___ membrane: semi permeable boundary that controls what enters/leaves the cell
Down
  1. Schwann studied ____ tissues
  2. _____ cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
  3. still___ theories or cell diversity
  4. all cells come from pre-existing ___
  5. distant central organelle that contains the cells genetic material (DNA)
  6. first invention of the microscope

17 Clues: Schwann studied ____ tissues • Schleiden studied ___ tissues • first invention of the microscope • still___ theories or cell diversity • all cells come from pre-existing ___ • cells are basic unit of ___ and organization • designed microscope after reading Hooke's book • all___ things are composed of one or more cells • ...

Biology Honors 2015-09-28

Biology Honors crossword puzzle
Across
  1. hates water
  2. this type of cell has no nucleus
  3. cells control center
  4. this fills the cell and holds the organelles in place
  5. this organelle makes lipids
  6. this organelle makes energy
  7. this is a tail like structure used for movement
  8. last name of scientist who invented microscope
  9. this supports the stage on a microscope
  10. last name of the scientist that coined the name "cells"
  11. semi permeable barrier/gatekeeper
  12. holds slide into place on stage
  13. basic unit of life
  14. only in plant cells, used for support and protection
Down
  1. loves water
  2. distributes chromosomes to daughter cells
  3. this is like the name tag of the cell
  4. store food and water for cell
  5. a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions
  6. breaks down lipids, carbs, and proteins in cells
  7. scientist who studied animal cells
  8. bottom of microscope
  9. this is made up of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
  10. fills nucleus, filled with DNA
  11. the idea that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from living cells.
  12. this type of cell has a nucleus
  13. this has ribosomes on it and makes proteins
  14. the UPS of the cell
  15. scientist who studied plant cells
  16. this is a hair like structure used for movement

30 Clues: loves water • hates water • basic unit of life • the UPS of the cell • cells control center • bottom of microscope • this organelle makes lipids • this organelle makes energy • store food and water for cell • fills nucleus, filled with DNA • this type of cell has a nucleus • holds slide into place on stage • this type of cell has no nucleus • semi permeable barrier/gatekeeper • ...

Anatomy 402 Cardiac Muscle Crossword 2014-01-29

Anatomy 402 Cardiac Muscle Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. 70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda"
  2. cardiac muscle is made up of __________ cells rather than fused multi nucleate cells
  3. ____ Junctions allow electrical conduction between cells
  4. Heart Muscle Disease
  5. Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums
  6. The nucleus is found at the ______ of cardiac muscle cells
  7. big american football game happening this weekend!!
  8. protein which makes up the A-Band
Down
  1. Ionic conductance in cardiac muscle cells results in the rapid spread of ______________ between cardiac muscle cells
  2. Cardiac muscle have less distinct _______ than the skeletal muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle cells are much _______ than skeletal muscle cells
  4. Possible Medical emergency when fluid leaks into the pericardium restricting optimal/safe cardiac muscle contraction
  5. Change in heart morphology (heart grows larger) due to hypertension
  6. Cardiac cells are approximately 100 _________ in diameter
  7. Increase in the number of cells
  8. The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction
  9. Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen

17 Clues: Heart Muscle Disease • Increase in the number of cells • protein which makes up the A-Band • Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen • 70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda" • Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums • big american football game happening this weekend!! • The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction • ...

The Building Blocks of Life 2025-07-03

The Building Blocks of Life crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Tiny, single-celled water organisms first seen by Leeuwenhoek.
  2. Scientist who discovered that all animals are made of cells.
  3. Theory Explains what cells are and how they build all living things
  4. The name Leeuwenhoek used for tiny organisms like bacteria.
  5. First to clearly see tiny living cells under a microscope.
  6. Tiny living things made of just one cell.
  7. invented the first microscope.
Down
  1. Discovered new cells come from existing cells
  2. Living things made of many cells
  3. Plant material Hooke looked at under a microscope.
  4. Named "cells" after looking at cork.
  5. Buildings with small rooms, inspired the word "cell."
  6. living things made of one or more cells.
  7. Scientist who discovered that all plants are made of cells.
  8. First type of microscope that helped develop Cell Theory.
  9. The study of cells.
  10. Division The process where one cell splits to make new cells
  11. The instructions inside cells that control how living things grow and work.

18 Clues: The study of cells. • invented the first microscope. • Living things made of many cells • Named "cells" after looking at cork. • living things made of one or more cells. • Tiny living things made of just one cell. • Discovered new cells come from existing cells • Plant material Hooke looked at under a microscope. • Buildings with small rooms, inspired the word "cell." • ...

Midterm #1 Review 2023-07-12

Midterm #1 Review crossword puzzle
Across
  1. this intracellular protein is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that line blood vessels and stops integrin from rolling
  2. _______ selection is the principle that when the receptors on B or T cells recognize their cognate antigen, they are triggered to proliferate
  3. hyperactivation of macrophages can be induced by these molecules, LPS and _______
  4. neutrophils bind to selectin using _____ which slows them down
  5. this protein is produced and stored in the neutrophil
  6. this protein is a cytokine that can activate a resting macrophage into its primed state
  7. the system that contains about 20 different proteins in the liver that work together to destroy invaders
  8. monocytes that are matured can either be macrophages or ________
  9. ______ group and amino groups are able to initiate the complement cascade
  10. these nodes function as a meeting place where T and B cells, APCs, and antigens interact and activate the adaptive immune system
Down
  1. this cytokine can kill tumor cells and virus infected cells and help activate other immune cells
  2. hormone like proteins that are produced and secreted by macrophages that can communicate between cells
  3. the structure on an antibody that binds to receptors and determines its class
  4. when stem cells are able to divide into two daughter cells to make more stem cells
  5. to "decorate" fragments of complement proteins or with antibodies on their invaders
  6. the Fab region of an antibody binds to a specific _______
  7. these receptors can be found on the outer surface of phagocytic cells or in the membranes of phase-lysosomes
  8. when this dendritic cell becomes infected, it releases Type I interferons that work to warn other cells and slow down viral replication
  9. granulocytes include neutrophil, basophil, and _______
  10. a protein on human cells that accelerate the destruction of the convertase C3bBb

20 Clues: this protein is produced and stored in the neutrophil • granulocytes include neutrophil, basophil, and _______ • the Fab region of an antibody binds to a specific _______ • neutrophils bind to selectin using _____ which slows them down • monocytes that are matured can either be macrophages or ________ • ...

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez crossword puzzle
Across
  1. / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
  2. Blood Cells / <1%
  3. / Hgm
  4. / White Blood Cells
  5. Cells / T4 Cells
  6. / How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\
  7. / Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
  8. / Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
  9. / Blood Clotting
  10. / Red Blood Cells
  11. Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream
  12. System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
  13. Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity
Down
  1. / Deficiency of WBC's
  2. / Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
  3. Cells / T8 Cells
  4. / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
  5. / Enlargement of the Spleen
  6. / Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
  7. / Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
  8. / Platelets
  9. / Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
  10. Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
  11. / Provided by B Cells
  12. Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
  13. Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue

26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • Cells / T8 Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • / Red Blood Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Provided by B Cells • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...

Chapter 10 Vocab 2013-01-17

Chapter 10 Vocab crossword puzzle
Across
  1. period in cell cycle between divisions
  2. part of chromosone that the 2 sister cell chromatids attach
  3. protien that regulates the cell cycle
  4. cells that can develop into most of the bodys cell types
  5. early stage of developementin mammals with a hollow cell ball
  6. 2 parent cells unite to form the first cell
  7. cell able to devolop into any type of cell in the body
  8. part of eukaryotic cell division where the nucleous divides
  9. one of 2 identical parts of a duplicated chromosone
  10. substance found in eukaryotic chromosones
  11. thread like, contains genetic information
Down
  1. events where a cell grows prepares to divide and divides
  2. starting stage of a multi cellular organism
  3. cells start to become specialized in structure and function
  4. programmed cell death
  5. when cytoplasm divided to seperate daughter cells
  6. limited potential to develop into many cells
  7. group of external regulatory protiens that guide the growth and division of cells
  8. process when a cells splits into 2 daughter cells
  9. unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specilized cells

20 Clues: programmed cell death • protien that regulates the cell cycle • period in cell cycle between divisions • substance found in eukaryotic chromosones • thread like, contains genetic information • starting stage of a multi cellular organism • 2 parent cells unite to form the first cell • limited potential to develop into many cells • ...

Pathology Tutorial 1 2026-01-09

Pathology Tutorial 1 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Circulating precursors of macrophages
  2. Plaque-induced inflammatory disease causing soft and hard tissue damage
  3. Singaling proteins that direct immune cell migration
  4. Long-lived phagocytic cells derived from monocytes
  5. Salivary enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls
  6. Cells lining blood vessels involved in immunity
  7. Secretory antibody found in saliva and GCF at the oral mucosa
  8. Cells that kill virus-infected and malignant cells
  9. Signaling proteins coordinating immune responses
  10. Cause or causes of a disease or pathological condition
  11. Most abundant innate immune cells and primary responders in infection
Down
  1. Cytokines that alter behavior of cell from which they were secreted e.g., self-regulating
  2. Secondary lymphoid organ that filters blood and stores immune cells
  3. Clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid that circulates immune cells
  4. Primary lymphoid organ where T cells mature and are educated
  5. Chemical mediator causing vasodilation and increased permeability
  6. Progressive changes that occur as disease develops
  7. Immune response to an inciting cause (e.g., microorganism or tissue damage)
  8. Cells that produce antibodies
  9. Physical and immunological barrier protecting oral tissues

20 Clues: Cells that produce antibodies • Circulating precursors of macrophages • Cells lining blood vessels involved in immunity • Signaling proteins coordinating immune responses • Progressive changes that occur as disease develops • Long-lived phagocytic cells derived from monocytes • Salivary enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls • ...

Immunology Crossword 2021-09-21

Immunology Crossword crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
  2. acronym for an amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
  3. leukocytes white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
  4. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct T helper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
  5. acronym for fragment with antigen binding
  6. B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  7. crystallized fragment of antibody
  8. acronym for highly active anti-retroviral therapy
  9. immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  10. acronym for nuclear factor of activated T cells
  11. T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
  12. family name for cytokines that help cells to resist virals infections - type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma
  13. acronym for family names of chemokine - chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
  14. acronym for cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  15. adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  16. Toll-like receptor
  17. thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets - CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
  18. acute phase protein thats binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of a certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  19. a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  20. transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
  21. acronym for family names of chemokine receptors - the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
  22. a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Down
  1. an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
  2. the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  3. designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  4. acronym for pathogen associated molecular patterns
  5. what is MAC an acronym for?
  6. acronym for receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bid to PAMPs on microbes
  7. acronym for autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA RNA and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
  8. general designation of many of the different cytokines - chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  9. a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
  10. Member of TNF receptor family express on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
  11. acronym for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicityantigen a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  12. acronym for mannose-binding lectin
  13. large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
  14. acronym for cluster of differentiation
  15. T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
  16. acronym for cell adhesion molecule
  17. leukocyte antigen, name of MHC gene complex and protein in humans
  18. acronym for immune response
  19. acronym for immunoglobulin
  20. acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  21. human immunodeficiency virus
  22. acronym for recombination signal sequences

44 Clues: Toll-like receptor • acronym for immunoglobulin • what is MAC an acronym for? • acronym for immune response • human immunodeficiency virus • crystallized fragment of antibody • acronym for mannose-binding lectin • acronym for cell adhesion molecule • acronym for cytotoxic T lymphocytes • acronym for cluster of differentiation • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • ...

Chapter 13 2025-04-01

Chapter 13 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Specific part of an antigen (such as a virus, bacteria, or protein) that is recognized by the immune system, particularly by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
  2. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
  3. Proteins on or in cells that bind to molecules, triggering a response.
  4. Type of immunity effectively stimulated by live vaccines
  5. A substance that neutralizes the toxic effects of a toxin.
  6. A possible risk of live vaccines.
  7. Type of immunity that provides immediate protection but for a short time, without memory.
  8. The substances secreted by T cells to help destroy pathogens.
  9. A tiny infectious agent that enters living cells to multiply, often causing diseases.
  10. An identical copy of a cell or organism.
  11. Large immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and other debris.
  12. Develop in the bone marrow.
  13. The coating of pathogens to make them easier to be engulfed by immune cells.
  14. Cells that lack specificity for antigens and are among the first to attack cancer and virus-infected cells.
  15. Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response.
  16. Inactivated toxin used in vaccines to trigger immunity.
  17. Substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
  18. Natural killer cells are sensitive to this immune substance.
  19. These cells recognize a wide range of antigens and bridge innate and adaptive immunity.
  20. A gland in the chest that helps mature T cells.
  21. Substance that stimulates the immune system to fight diseases without causing the disease.
  22. Type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by identifying and attacking infected or abnormal cells.
  23. Ability to protect itself against infections and diseases.
  24. help to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune system.
  25. Microorganisms or agents that cause disease in their host.
  26. Substances that trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
  27. Cells use these for recognition and detection of pathogens.
  28. A process where particles, such as cells or bacteria, clump together due to the interaction with specific antibodies.
  29. A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
Down
  1. T cells that activate macrophages, assist B cells, and help cytotoxic T cells.
  2. The process of recognizing foreign molecules or pathogens.
  3. When harmful microorganisms invade the body, causing disease.
  4. A complex of lipids (fats) and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream.
  5. Protein produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen, such as a virus, bacterium, or toxin.
  6. Proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them, playing roles in biological processes like cell recognition.
  7. Hybrid cells with both killer cell and T cell functions.
  8. Proteins that cause an excessive immune response, leading to inflammation.
  9. A type of immune cell responsible for producing antibodies.
  10. Antigens from another individual of the same species that provoke an immune reaction.
  11. These markers are important for immune system.
  12. A condition that affects the body or mind, causing health problems.
  13. The process by which cells (like macrophages) engulf and digest foreign particles or invading microorganisms.
  14. The liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
  15. Immunity that can be triggered by vaccination or natural infection.
  16. Small and circular DNA molecules that carry genetic traits.
  17. The process by which antibodies bind to toxins or pathogens, preventing them from causing harm.
  18. The first milk, full of antibodies, that protects newborns.
  19. process by which any such clones are destroyed during development.
  20. Molecular structures found on pathogens that are recognized by the immune system to trigger an immune response.
  21. The breaking down or destruction of cells.

50 Clues: Develop in the bone marrow. • A possible risk of live vaccines. • An identical copy of a cell or organism. • The breaking down or destruction of cells. • These markers are important for immune system. • A gland in the chest that helps mature T cells. • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. • Inactivated toxin used in vaccines to trigger immunity. • ...

Anatomy 402 2014-01-29

Anatomy 402 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction
  2. Cardiac cells are approximately 100 _________ in diameter
  3. Cardiac muscle cells are much _______ than skeletal muscle cells
  4. Possible Medical emergency when fluid leaks into the pericardium restricting optimal/safe cardiac muscle contraction
  5. Ionic conductance in cardiac muscle cells results in the rapid spread of ______________ between cardiac muscle cells
  6. The nucleus is found at the ______ of cardiac muscle cells
  7. ____ Junctions allow electrical conduction between cells
  8. cardiac muscle is made up of __________ cells rather than fused multi nucleate cells
Down
  1. big american football game happening this weekend!!
  2. Heart Muscle Disease
  3. Increase in the number of cells
  4. Change in heart morphology (heart grows larger) due to hypertension
  5. protein which makes up the A-Band
  6. Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen
  7. Cardiac muscle have less distinct _______ than the skeletal muscle
  8. 70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda"
  9. Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums

17 Clues: Heart Muscle Disease • Increase in the number of cells • protein which makes up the A-Band • Makes cardiac muscle similar to aspen • 70's female rock band with the hit Barracuda" • Boundaries between cardiac cells, or 90's albums • big american football game happening this weekend!! • The divalent cation which stimulates muscle contraction • ...

Gen Bio Assignment 2024-10-03

Gen Bio Assignment crossword puzzle
Across
  1. found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells
  2. short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells
  3. an irregularly shaped region in a prokaryotic cell
  4. a cell organelle found in all eukaryotic cells including plants and animals
  5. an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells
  6. a slender threadlike structure
  7. specialized peroxisomes found in plants and also in filamentous fungi
  8. located in the center of a cell
  9. a double membrane-bound organelle involved in the synthesis and storage of food commonly found within the cells of photosynthetic plants.
Down
  1. a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell
  2. an organelle present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells
  3. a large number of living cells acting as the site of protein synthesis
  4. a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane
  5. a small hair-like protuberances on the outside of eukaryotic cells
  6. a single most membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells
  7. a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm
  8. the powerhouse of the cells
  9. the outer most layer surrounding cells outside the cell membrane

18 Clues: the powerhouse of the cells • a slender threadlike structure • located in the center of a cell • an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells • a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell • a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane • an irregularly shaped region in a prokaryotic cell • found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells • ...

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell 2018-12-11

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Gel-like material the supports the organelles
  2. Unicellular and no nucleus
  3. Decides what goes in and out the nucleus
  4. The control center of the cell
  5. Stores materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
  6. All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and cells come from existing cells
  7. Stores food, nutrients, and water
Down
  1. Makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials in cells
  2. Produces proteins
  3. Produces the cells energy. "Powerhouse" of the cell
  4. Acts like the PLANT cells garbage disposal
  5. Acts like the animal cells garbage disposal
  6. The cells genetic material-DNA-
  7. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER and moves materials within and out the cell
  8. Protective barrier that controls what goes in and out the cell
  9. Contains chlorophyll which is the plant preform photosynthesis
  10. The most basic unit of all living things
  11. Multicellular and contains a nucleus
  12. Helps make and deliver proteins throughout the cell
  13. Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plant cells

20 Clues: Produces proteins • Unicellular and no nucleus • The control center of the cell • The cells genetic material-DNA- • Stores food, nutrients, and water • Multicellular and contains a nucleus • The most basic unit of all living things • Decides what goes in and out the nucleus • Acts like the PLANT cells garbage disposal • Acts like the animal cells garbage disposal • ...

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15

The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez crossword puzzle
Across
  1. / Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
  2. Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
  3. / Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
  4. Cells / T4 Cells
  5. Blood Cells / <1%
  6. / Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
  7. Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
  8. / Blood Clotting
  9. Cells / T8 Cells
  10. / Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
  11. / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
  12. / Enlargement of the Spleen
  13. / How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\
Down
  1. / Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
  2. Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue
  3. / Red Blood Cells
  4. / Provided by B Cells
  5. / Hgm
  6. / Platelets
  7. / Deficiency of WBC's
  8. System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
  9. Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity
  10. / Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
  11. / White Blood Cells
  12. / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
  13. Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream

26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • / Red Blood Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • Cells / T8 Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Provided by B Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...

Cell Parts 2020-10-29

Cell Parts crossword puzzle
Across
  1. In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, makes ribosomes
  2. In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: stores water, food, and waste for the cell
  3. Wall In PLANT CELLS: helps protect and support the cell, lets plants stand up tall
  4. Apparatus In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, packages proteins and directs them to where they are needed.
  5. In ANIMAL CELLS, contains enzymes that break down materials in the cell
  6. Organisms that do not have a nucleus or organelles
  7. In PLANT CELLS: captures energy from sunlight to help the plant make food
  8. Eukaryotic cell with a typically round or irregular shape, no cell wall.
  9. Tail-like structure that helps cells to move, propelling them forward.
Down
  1. Reticulum In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: carries proteins to various parts of the cell
  2. In ALL CELLS: builds proteins
  3. The best example of a prokaryotic cell, these organisms are everywhere
  4. Organisms with a nucleus and other organelles
  5. In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: turns food into usable energy for the cell
  6. In ALL CELLS: gel-like fluid that supports the organelles
  7. Finger-like projections that help cells move in a crawling motion.
  8. Eukaryotic cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
  9. membrane surrounds the nucleus
  10. Membrane In ALL CELLS: controls what comes in or out of the cell

19 Clues: In ALL CELLS: builds proteins • membrane surrounds the nucleus • In EUKARYOTIC CELLS, makes ribosomes • Organisms with a nucleus and other organelles • Organisms that do not have a nucleus or organelles • In ALL CELLS: gel-like fluid that supports the organelles • In EUKARYOTIC CELLS: stores water, food, and waste for the cell • ...

Cell structure 2021-10-28

Cell structure crossword puzzle
Across
  1. the process of converting light energy into chemical energy
  2. this organelle makes proteins needed to carry out cells function
  3. the organelle that assembles proteins to be distributed throughout a cell
  4. only ____ cells have a cell wall and chloroplast
  5. plant cells have a ____ vacuole
  6. the ____ directs cell activity and controls cell size and reproduction
  7. this organelle provides energy for cells
  8. food and water is stored in a cell's ____
  9. this organelle transports materials in and out of a cell and throughout a cell.
  10. both plant and animal cells have nucleus, which means they are _____.
  11. both plant and animal cells have a cell ___
Down
  1. the _____ transports proteins and materials to organelles in a cell
  2. ____ digest worn-out cell parts and cell waste
  3. this organelle is used in photosynthesis
  4. this organelle make ribosomes and controls how they function
  5. this organelle provides structure and support for plant cells
  6. the ____ E.R does not contain ribosomes
  7. animal cells have many ___ vacuoles
  8. a jelly like substance inside a cell
  9. the cell wall gives a plant cell a ____ structure
  10. animal cells have a ____ shape

21 Clues: animal cells have a ____ shape • plant cells have a ____ vacuole • animal cells have many ___ vacuoles • a jelly like substance inside a cell • the ____ E.R does not contain ribosomes • this organelle is used in photosynthesis • this organelle provides energy for cells • food and water is stored in a cell's ____ • both plant and animal cells have a cell ___ • ...

Immuno U1L2 2025-11-28

Immuno U1L2 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Protein used by NK cells to form pores in target cells
  2. Neutrophil enzyme that generates hypochlorite (bleach-like)
  3. Neutrophil death process that releases extracellular traps
  4. Reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophils to destroy microbes
  5. Chemokine that guides neutrophils to infection
  6. Engulfment and destruction of microbes
  7. Leukocyte molecules enabling firm adhesion to endothelium
  8. Short-lived blood phagocytes and first responders that kill microbes
  9. Endothelial molecules that slow leukocytes during rolling
  10. Accumulation of dead neutrophils, debris, and microbes
  11. Long-lived phagocytes in tissues that initiate inflammation
  12. DNA-based webs that trap and kill microbes
  13. Cytokine produced by NK cells that activates macrophages
Down
  1. Enzymes released by NK cells that trigger apoptosis
  2. Antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity
  3. Blood precursors that enter tissues and become macrophages or dendritic cells
  4. Molecules such as IgG or C3b that tag microbes for ingestion
  5. Innate lymphocytes that kill infected or stressed cells
  6. Movement of leukocytes through vessel walls into tissues
  7. Cytokine that activates NK cells
  8. Receptor guiding dendritic cells to lymph nodes
  9. Process of coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis

22 Clues: Cytokine that activates NK cells • Engulfment and destruction of microbes • DNA-based webs that trap and kill microbes • Chemokine that guides neutrophils to infection • Receptor guiding dendritic cells to lymph nodes • Enzymes released by NK cells that trigger apoptosis • Process of coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis • ...

Sheet Vocab 1&2 2025-12-11

Sheet Vocab 1&2 crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Displays the location of the active cell.
  2. Lines placed around the edge of cells or range of cells.
  3. The location of a cell or range of cells.
  4. The vertical part of a worksheet identified by letters.
  5. Written using cell references; must begin with =
  6. 2 or more cells merged together.
  7. A collection of many worksheets.
  8. The cell that is currently selected on a worksheet.
Down
  1. Displays the active cells content and located above the letter on a sheet.
  2. Combining 2 or more cells.
  3. Arranging text left,right,middle.
  4. Faint lines that appear between cells on a worksheet.
  5. Arranging text top, middle, or bottom.
  6. The intersection of column and row.
  7. Located at the bottom. Used to display the current worksheet
  8. Contains cells where you can enter and calculate data.
  9. Causes the text to move to the next line within the cell.
  10. Background color in a cell or range of cells.
  11. Allows the use to lock columns and rows.
  12. A horizontal part of a worksheet identified by numbers.

20 Clues: Combining 2 or more cells. • 2 or more cells merged together. • A collection of many worksheets. • Arranging text left,right,middle. • The intersection of column and row. • Arranging text top, middle, or bottom. • Allows the use to lock columns and rows. • Displays the location of the active cell. • The location of a cell or range of cells. • ...

Health Science 1 review 2026-05-14

Health Science 1 review crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Hormone that raises blood glucose levels
  2. Heat transfer through direct contact
  3. structure in the nephron where filtration occurs
  4. Tube carrying urine from kidney to bladder
  5. Oil-producing skin glands
  6. The production of red blood cells
  7. Universal blood donor
  8. Blood pressure is detected in these cells
  9. Layer of dead keratinised cells in the epidermis
  10. Protein involved in blood clot formation
  11. movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
  12. Pressure exerted by fluid against vessel walls
Down
  1. Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin
  2. Vitamin made in the skin and absorbed in gut from food eaten
  3. Process of forming glycogen from glucose
  4. Hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
  5. Fluid found inside of cells
  6. Blood cells responsible for fighting infections
  7. Heat transfer through movement of air or liquid
  8. Hormone that promotes sodium and water retention
  9. This enzyme is released from the JG cells of the kidneys
  10. Blood vessels narrow to conserve heat
  11. Oxygen-carring protein in red blood cells
  12. Layer beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels

24 Clues: Universal blood donor • Oil-producing skin glands • Fluid found inside of cells • The production of red blood cells • Heat transfer through direct contact • Blood vessels narrow to conserve heat • Hormone that raises blood glucose levels • Process of forming glycogen from glucose • Protein involved in blood clot formation • Blood pressure is detected in these cells • ...

Immunology Puzzle 2022-10-03

Immunology Puzzle crossword puzzle
Across
  1. receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
  2. white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
  3. designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
  4. multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
  5. designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
  6. transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
  7. a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
  8. autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
  9. immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
  10. large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
  11. lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
  12. soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
  13. a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
  14. the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
  15. thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
  16. a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
  17. name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Down
  1. a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
  2. general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
  3. large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
  4. adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
  5. the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
  6. Human immunodeficiency virus
  7. an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
  8. acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
  9. CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
  10. a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
  11. the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
  12. a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
  13. short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
  14. a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
  15. end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
  16. family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
  17. the Ag receptor on T cells

34 Clues: the Ag receptor on T cells • Human immunodeficiency virus • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules • ...

CELLS 2020-12-10

CELLS crossword puzzle
Across
  1. a membrane that protects the cell from its surrounding. It is semi-permeable, controls some substances in and out.
  2. contains genes that enhances the survival of a organism
  3. are storage bubbles in the cell might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive
  4. a plastid that contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place.
  5. an organelle that produces energy, the powerhouse.
  6. Wall The outermost layer of plant cells, bacteria, and fungi, and it gives the cell strength and a structure.
Down
  1. cells a cell that has a specific job
  2. an organism with one cell
  3. The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is called cytoplasm. It is made up of mostly water and salt.
  4. an organism with more than one cell
  5. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules.

11 Clues: an organism with one cell • an organism with more than one cell • cells a cell that has a specific job • an organelle that produces energy, the powerhouse. • contains genes that enhances the survival of a organism • a plastid that contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place. • ...

Cells 2022-07-28

Cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. Can be passed from parents to children
  2. a group of various tissues working together
  3. Jelly-like substance that fills the cell
  4. a group of cells with similar function
  5. Basic unit of life
  6. "Control centre" of the cell
Down
  1. Instrument used to see cells
  2. different organs working together
  3. Found in the nucleus of the cell
  4. Controls substances entering or leaving the cell

10 Clues: Basic unit of life • Instrument used to see cells • "Control centre" of the cell • Found in the nucleus of the cell • different organs working together • Can be passed from parents to children • a group of cells with similar function • Jelly-like substance that fills the cell • a group of various tissues working together • Controls substances entering or leaving the cell

Cells 2022-09-02

Cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. powerhouse of the cell
  2. Recycles out old organelles
  3. Makes proteins
  4. wall provides shape and protection
  5. keeps things in place
  6. Contains DNA
Down
  1. Movement
  2. capture sunlight converts it to glucose
  3. Small packages used for transport
  4. stores food and water

10 Clues: Movement • Contains DNA • Makes proteins • stores food and water • keeps things in place • powerhouse of the cell • Recycles out old organelles • Small packages used for transport • wall provides shape and protection • capture sunlight converts it to glucose

Cells 2022-09-14

Cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cell with no nucleus
  2. wall made of cellulose
  3. _____ are the basic unit of life
  4. makes ribosomes
  5. powerhouse of the cell
Down
  1. Cell where the DNA is stored in nucleus
  2. breaks down and digests parts
  3. makes proteins
  4. Loosely packed DNA
  5. these cells have a larger vacuole

10 Clues: makes proteins • makes ribosomes • Loosely packed DNA • cell with no nucleus • wall made of cellulose • powerhouse of the cell • breaks down and digests parts • _____ are the basic unit of life • these cells have a larger vacuole • Cell where the DNA is stored in nucleus

cells 2022-09-14

cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. work together and make cells divide
  2. makes proteins for the cells
  3. Makes lipids
  4. storage for food water and cell waste
  5. holds dna
Down
  1. holds the cell together
  2. created through cellular respiration
  3. protein maker and packaging system
  4. digest and remove waste
  5. gathers molecules and sorts them

10 Clues: holds dna • Makes lipids • holds the cell together • digest and remove waste • makes proteins for the cells • gathers molecules and sorts them • protein maker and packaging system • work together and make cells divide • created through cellular respiration • storage for food water and cell waste

Cells 2022-09-21

Cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. cleans cell
  2. gives structure
  3. photosynthesis
  4. let things in and out
Down
  1. transports beep beep
  2. is the powerhouse of the cell
  3. produces energy
  4. stores waste
  5. holds organelle in place
  6. creates protein

10 Clues: cleans cell • stores waste • photosynthesis • gives structure • produces energy • creates protein • transports beep beep • let things in and out • holds organelle in place • is the powerhouse of the cell

Cells 2022-09-23

Cells crossword puzzle
Across
  1. protects DNA
  2. empty jelly
  3. makes ATP energy
  4. prokaryotic
  5. membrane bound organelles
  6. make plants green
Down
  1. hold a lot of water
  2. controls what enters or leaves the cell
  3. protein factory
  4. do all the work of life

10 Clues: empty jelly • prokaryotic • protects DNA • protein factory • makes ATP energy • make plants green • hold a lot of water • do all the work of life • membrane bound organelles • controls what enters or leaves the cell