immunity Crossword Puzzles
Introduction to Immune system 2024-08-28
Across
- A type of adaptive immunity where a naive individual receives antibodies from another individual already immune to an infection
- Study of the immune system and its responses to invading pathogens
- A type of adaptive immunity involved in killing the infected cells
- A type of adaptive immunity involved in the elimination of extra cellular microbes
- A type of immunity always present in healthy individuals
Down
- Acquired immune system consists of lymphocytes and their products such as
- It is a system of collection of cells, tissues and molecules that mediate resistance to infections
- Resistance to infectious diseases
- Otherwise called as acquired immunity
9 Clues: Resistance to infectious diseases • Otherwise called as acquired immunity • A type of immunity always present in healthy individuals • Study of the immune system and its responses to invading pathogens • A type of adaptive immunity involved in killing the infected cells • Acquired immune system consists of lymphocytes and their products such as • ...
Ch 12 Lymphatic Crossword (Read) 2022-04-08
Across
- a protein or other macromolecule that triggers immune response (usually from a pathogen).
- fluid found between cells; becomes lymph.
- works by neutralization, precipitation, agglutination, or complement.
- is hot, red, swollen, and painful
- Type of B cell that makes antibodies.
- Cause of diabetes I, Lupus, MS, Grave's, etc.
- 3rd line of defense is this because antibodies are made for one pathogen.
- large duct receiving lymph on your left side.
- provides artificial active immunity.
- a group of proteins conducing MAC attack.
- disease causing organism.
- collected extra fluid that gets cleaned and returned to the circulatory system.
- largest lymphatic organ.
- only found in cellular immunity; three types (2 wds).
- Viral adaptation; stays in body during latent period.
- type of immune response only in blood plasma.
- Vaccine made with "live" viruses.
Down
- Vaccine made with DNA or RNA.
- another name for antibody.
- cells of 2nd line of defense; destroy cancerous cells (2 wds).
- Process of WBCs being attracted to chemicals.
- WBC that "eats" (2 wds.)
- lymph gland active during youth.
- Cells catching antigens in humoral immunity (2wds).
- structures that collect lymph at capillary beds (2 wds).
- system that responds to any and all foreign substances.
- mature or "turned on" lymphocyte.
- Type of immunity due to making your own antibodies.
- caused by serious immediate hypersensitivity (2 wds).
- WBCs found in lymphatic tissue.
- systemic heat response.
- lymphatic tissue in intestines
- long lived B or T cells that mount secondary responses.
- chemical that stops viruses from attacking other cells.
- key cells in cellular immunity, made after antigen presentation (2 wds).
- filters lymph (2 wds).
- Viral adaptation; takes over or limits immune response.
- an nonpathogenic antigen that triggers an immune response.
- chemical from mast cells or basophils that cause inflammation.
39 Clues: filters lymph (2 wds). • systemic heat response. • WBC that "eats" (2 wds.) • largest lymphatic organ. • disease causing organism. • another name for antibody. • Vaccine made with DNA or RNA. • lymphatic tissue in intestines • WBCs found in lymphatic tissue. • lymph gland active during youth. • is hot, red, swollen, and painful • mature or "turned on" lymphocyte. • ...
The Lymphatic System 2023-11-06
Across
- A condition characterized by swollen lymph nodes (Lymphadenopathy)
- A type of white blood cell involved in inflammation (Neutrophil)
- A condition characterized by the accumulation of lymph in tissues (Lymphedema)
- A condition characterized by an underactive immune system (Immunodeficiency)
- A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens (Phagocyte)
- A protein molecule that marks pathogens for destruction (Antibody)
- The area where lymphatic vessels converge and drain into veins (Lymph duct)
- The process by which lymphocytes mature (Lymphopoiesis)
- The type of immunity that is transferred from mother to child through breast milk (Passive)
- The gland that produces hormones involved in immune function (Thyroid)
- organ responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (Thymus)
- The first line of defense in the lymphatic system (Skin)
- The type of immunity that is acquired through vaccination (Adaptive)
Down
- The type of lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity (T cell)
- A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions (Eosinophil)
- The type of immunity that occurs after an individual recovers from an infection (Acquired)
- A substance that triggers an immune response (Antigen)
- The organ responsible for producing lymphocytes (Thymus)
- The vessels that transport lymph throughout the body (Lymphatic vessels)
- The small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph (Lymph nodes)
- The primary function of the lymphatic system (Immune defense)
- The fluid that leaks from blood vessels into tissues (Interstitial fluid)
- A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response (Lymphocyte)
- A condition characterized by an overactive immune response (Autoimmunity)
- The process by which lymphocytes recognize and attack pathogens (Immune response)
- The clear fluid that flows through the lymphatic system (Lymph)
- The type of immunity that is present from birth (Innate)
- The largest lymphatic organ in the body (Spleen)
- A small organ that produces antibodies (Lymph node)
- A fluid-rich in lymphocytes that is found in lymphatic vessels (Lymph)
30 Clues: The largest lymphatic organ in the body (Spleen) • A small organ that produces antibodies (Lymph node) • A substance that triggers an immune response (Antigen) • The process by which lymphocytes mature (Lymphopoiesis) • The organ responsible for producing lymphocytes (Thymus) • The type of immunity that is present from birth (Innate) • ...
Miscellaneous part 2 2023-03-17
Across
- infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. The name is from a Latin word meaning “slimy liquid” or “poison.”
- chemotherapeutic substances that are capable of killing and inhibiting growth of specific microorganisms
- Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance.
- lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells.
- cells that special in engulfing and destroying foreign particles, capable of rendering protection against bacteria and other foreign particles in the body.
- results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease.
- A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight infections and other diseases.
- the immune system.
Down
- Specific adaptive response
- provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
- happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
- The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific disease.
- acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.
- major components of the adaptive immune system.
- a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
- The middle white layer is composed of white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets, and the bottom red layer is the red blood cells (RBCs).
- physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection.
- specialized cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms.
- a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.
- protective proteins produced by your immune system.
20 Clues: the immune system. • Specific adaptive response • lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells. • major components of the adaptive immune system. • protective proteins produced by your immune system. • a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. • Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance. • ...
B9 Lymphatic System 2021-11-25
Across
- Immunity against certain diseases varying from person to person
- Stomach gastric juices
- Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins
- Immunity after disease or vaccination
- Symptom of leukeamia
- Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins
Down
- Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes
- gland Soft gland containing T cells
- Immunity from antibodies
- Diagnose lymph organs
- Filters foreign material from blood and destroys old rbc and makes wbc
- Direct foreign invaders, produces biological substances to activate parts of immune system
- nodes Filters out damaged cells
13 Clues: Symptom of leukeamia • Diagnose lymph organs • Stomach gastric juices • Immunity from antibodies • nodes Filters out damaged cells • Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes • gland Soft gland containing T cells • Immunity after disease or vaccination • Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins • Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins • ...
Immunity 2019-02-15
Across
- cause apoptosis by using perforin and granzymes
- cells that produce antibodies
- immunity that includes skin, NK cells, and inflammation
- parasite-destroying cells
- fever-inducing molecules
Down
- cardinal signs include redness, heat, swelling, and pain
- immunity that includes T and B cells
- includes opsonization, inflammation, and cytolysis
8 Clues: fever-inducing molecules • parasite-destroying cells • cells that produce antibodies • immunity that includes T and B cells • cause apoptosis by using perforin and granzymes • includes opsonization, inflammation, and cytolysis • immunity that includes skin, NK cells, and inflammation • cardinal signs include redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Immunity system 2021-07-07
Across
- ทำหน้าที่จดจำลักษณะแอนติเจนเพื่อกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกัน
- เมื่อออกจากหลอดเลือดจะมีชื่อเรียกอีกชื่อ
- โปรตีนชนิดหนึ่งสามารถทำลายความเป็นพิษของเชื้อโรคได้
- การยื่นส่วนหนึ่งของเซลล์ไปโอบล้อมสิ่งแปลกปลอมเพื่อทำลาย
- เป็นเซลล์เม็ดเลือดขาวที่มีปริมาณมากที่สุดในร่างกาย นิวเคลียสมีหลายพู
- กระตุ้นการทำงานของเซลล์ทีที่ทำลายเซลล์แปลกปลอมและเซลล์บี
Down
- อาการปวด แสบ ร้อน แดงบริเวณบาดแผล
- ทำลายเซลล์แปลกปลอมหรือสิ่งแปลกปลอมแบบจำเพาะ
- ระบบอวัยวะที่มีหน้าที่ดักจับ ป้องกันและทำลายสิ่งแปลกปลอม
- สามารถหลั่งสารฮีสตามีนได้
- ทำหน้าที่กินพยาธิและปรสิต
- ชิ้นส่วนของสิ่งแปลกปลอม
- สร้างสารเคมีที่จำเพาะเจาะจงกับสิ่งแปลกปลอมที่เข้าสู่ร่างกาย
13 Clues: ชิ้นส่วนของสิ่งแปลกปลอม • สามารถหลั่งสารฮีสตามีนได้ • ทำหน้าที่กินพยาธิและปรสิต • อาการปวด แสบ ร้อน แดงบริเวณบาดแผล • เมื่อออกจากหลอดเลือดจะมีชื่อเรียกอีกชื่อ • ทำลายเซลล์แปลกปลอมหรือสิ่งแปลกปลอมแบบจำเพาะ • ทำหน้าที่จดจำลักษณะแอนติเจนเพื่อกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกัน • โปรตีนชนิดหนึ่งสามารถทำลายความเป็นพิษของเชื้อโรคได้ • การยื่นส่วนหนึ่งของเซลล์ไปโอบล้อมสิ่งแปลกปลอมเพื่อทำลาย • ...
health crossword 2023-09-21
Across
- immunity you were exposed to
- where an infectious agent lives
- a widespread of diseases
- the study of infections
- the direct transfer of bacteria
- # of people with the disease
- unicellular organisms
- white blood cells
- is how it infects the host
- immunity you were born with
- infection-fighting blood cells
- melindas bestfriend
Down
- helps fight infection
- spreads between animals and people
- # of new cases of the disease
- begins to fight infection
- disease outbreak
- cause of infection/disease
- living thing that transmits a disease
- infectious microbe containing nucleic acid
20 Clues: disease outbreak • white blood cells • melindas bestfriend • helps fight infection • unicellular organisms • the study of infections • a widespread of diseases • begins to fight infection • cause of infection/disease • is how it infects the host • immunity you were born with • immunity you were exposed to • # of people with the disease • # of new cases of the disease • ...
B9 Lymphatic System 2021-11-25
Across
- Filters foreign material from blood and destroys old rbc and makes wbc
- gland Soft gland containing T cells
- Immunity against certain diseases varying from person to person
- Stomach gastric juices
- Immunity after disease or vaccination
- Direct foreign invaders, produces biological substances to activate parts of immune system
- Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins
- Symptom of leukeamia
Down
- Immunity from antibodies
- Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes
- nodes Filters out damaged cells
- Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins
- Diagnose lymph organs
13 Clues: Symptom of leukeamia • Diagnose lymph organs • Stomach gastric juices • Immunity from antibodies • nodes Filters out damaged cells • Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes • gland Soft gland containing T cells • Immunity after disease or vaccination • Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins • Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins • ...
B9 Lymphatic System 2021-11-25
Across
- nodes Filters out damaged cells
- Diagnose lymph organs
- Stomach gastric juices
- Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins
- Immunity against certain diseases varying from person to person
- Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes
- Immunity after disease or vaccination
Down
- Soft gland containing T cells
- Filters foreign material from blood and destroys old rbc and makes wbc
- Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins
- Symptom of leukeamia
- Direct foreign invaders, produces biological substances to activate parts of immune system
- Immunity from antibodies
13 Clues: Symptom of leukeamia • Diagnose lymph organs • Stomach gastric juices • Immunity from antibodies • Soft gland containing T cells • nodes Filters out damaged cells • Skin, nasal cells, mucus membranes • Immunity after disease or vaccination • Produce antibodies attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins • Fluid containing water, slats, sugars, waste, wbc and proteins • ...
C3.2 Defence Against Disease 2025-10-16
Across
- the process of developing immunity without the disease symptoms
- self vs non-self
- infectious diseases that can be naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans
- the body's ability to defend against infectious diseases
- disease-causing organisms
- Y-shaped proteins specific to one type of antigen
- white blood cells that move with amoeboid movement
Down
- infects helper T-lymphocytes that activate B-lymphocytes
- caused by a range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi
- a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease
- breaks down bacterial cell walls
- a way through which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance
- special type of endocytosis
- largest organ, acting as one of the first lines of defense against pathogens
- blood clots in the presence of air
- activates prothrombin and fibrinogen
16 Clues: self vs non-self • disease-causing organisms • special type of endocytosis • breaks down bacterial cell walls • blood clots in the presence of air • activates prothrombin and fibrinogen • Y-shaped proteins specific to one type of antigen • white blood cells that move with amoeboid movement • infects helper T-lymphocytes that activate B-lymphocytes • ...
Unit 12 2026-03-09
Across
- unique lymphocytes that are part of the nonspecific defenses
- the initial response of the humoral arm of the immune system to an antigen
- branch of the immune system that targets specific antigen; involves B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells
- a substance that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
- descendants of a single cell
- the passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues
- including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates them immune system
- an endocrine gland active in the immune system
- a group of plasma proteins that normally circulate in inactive forms
- a protein molecule, released by plasma cells, that mediates humoral immunity; an antibody
- defensive proteins that assist the innate defenses by attacking microbes directly or by preventing their reproduction
- immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunological memory
- blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites
- an enzyme found in sweat, saliva, and tears that is capable of destroying certain kinds of bacteria
- a depressed area where vessels enter and leave an organ
- member of T cell and B cell clones that provides for immunological memory
- natural defenses that protect against all foreign material
- the type of T lymphocyte that orchestrates cellular immunity by direct contact with other immune cells and by releasing chemicals called cytokines
- pure preparations of identical antibodies that exhibit specificity for a single antigen
- an agent or chemical substance that induces fever
- cells that display portions of foreign antigens to T cells; include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes
- immunity provided by antibodies released by sensitized B cells and their plasma cell progeny
Down
- allergies; overreaction of the immune system to a perceived threat, resulting in tissue damage
- type of T lymphocyte that slows or stops activity of B and T cells once the antigenic threat is ended
- short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of “ donated antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor
- white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue
- organs in the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils
- second and subsequent responses of the humoral arm of the immune system to a previously met antigen
- weakened or killed antigen injected into a person for the purpose of stimulating a primary immune response; conveys artificial active immunity; results in immunological memory
- the process by which a B cell or T cell becomes sensitized through biding contact with an antigen
- disease-causing microorganisms
- a physiological response of the body to tissue injury
- the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs, including lymph nodes
- effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells
- immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells
- cell particularly abundant in lymphatic and connective tissue
- resulting from the deficient production or function of immune cells or certain molecules
- member of a B cell clone; specialized to produce and release antibodies
- antigen-specific defenses mounted by activated lymphocytes
- the body system responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign cells
- lymphocytes that oversee humoral immunity; their descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells
- an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling
42 Clues: descendants of a single cell • disease-causing microorganisms • an endocrine gland active in the immune system • immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells • effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells • an agent or chemical substance that induces fever • a physiological response of the body to tissue injury • ...
Lympathetic System 2019-11-09
Across
- also known as specific immunity.
- a gland located in the mediastinum.
- what is the removal of the spleen called.
- also known as Pharyngeal tonsils
- largest lymphoid organ .
Down
- produced by the body that destroy.
- examples of cytokines.
- Nodes located I clusters along pathway of lymphatic vessels.
- a special name given of the capillaries in the wall of small intestine.
- hormone that influences the development of T-Cells.
- composed of three masses of lymphoid tissue around mouth.
- immunity nonspecific immunity is often called.
12 Clues: examples of cytokines. • largest lymphoid organ . • also known as specific immunity. • also known as Pharyngeal tonsils • produced by the body that destroy. • a gland located in the mediastinum. • what is the removal of the spleen called. • immunity nonspecific immunity is often called. • hormone that influences the development of T-Cells. • ...
Evolving and Changing Life 2022-01-31
Across
- result of reproduction, genes carried on
- substance/chemical used to kill another organism
- organs no longer used/needed
- immunity from viral infection
- observable trait like hair color
- lack of oxygen
- body parts
- different organisms/variety
- population of area physically separated, develops own traits
- characteristics from genetics
- chemical processes/substances in living organisms
- reproducing offspring and exchanging genetic material
- given immunity (newborn)
- not affected by something (pesticides)
- same structure between organisms
- from geographic isolation, new species is created
- how populations adapt/change to survive
- DNA sequence getting arranged
- changes in DNA sequence
- prehistoric remains/impressions
- lack nucleus,circular DNA,bacteria, archaea
Down
- diagram showing evolutionary relationships/lines
- Chart classifies organisms (KPCOFGS)
- genes randomly shift in a population
- different forms of same gene, dominant/recessive
- made of DNA, instructs/makes proteins/etc., from parents, 2 copies in humans
- composed of multiple cells, makes organism
- specific characteristics of organism, from parent to offspring
- provides active immunity (flu/COVID)
- reproductive success
- uses sun for energy
- adaptations that allow survival and reproduction
- (species), a unit/level of classification (class, family)
- mostly CO2 and N
- genetic material, composed of several molecules
- immunity from exposure (flu shot)
- medicines that kill bacteria
- group of species living together
- contain nucleus,4 of 5 kingdoms
- diagram showing relationships among groups of organisms
40 Clues: body parts • lack of oxygen • mostly CO2 and N • uses sun for energy • reproductive success • changes in DNA sequence • given immunity (newborn) • different organisms/variety • organs no longer used/needed • medicines that kill bacteria • immunity from viral infection • characteristics from genetics • DNA sequence getting arranged • contain nucleus,4 of 5 kingdoms • ...
Immunology 2022-12-05
Across
- Used to treat bacterial infections.
- Type of response that acts as the second line of defence against pathogens that cross the barriers.
- This happens when the inflammatory response is activated. Ice can help reduce this.
- Type of T-cell that signals the body to return to its normal state.
- Molecules from the environment that trigger immune responses
- Over the counter drugs alleviate _________, but do not kill pathogens.
- Type of response that is activated following the inflammatory response.
- Identify and surround pathogen. Begin to destroy it
- Type of cell that produces memory cells as well as makes and releases antibodies
- Type of immunity that you are born with. Passed on through breastfeeding or antitoxins
- The ability to resist disease
Down
- Markers on the outside of a pathogen
- Type of T-cell that patrols the bloodstream for any foreign invaders.
- Proteins made by the body that attach to antigens
- First line of defense against pathogens. Can be physical or internal.
- Type of disease where the body attacks its own cells
- Type of immunity that develops later in life either by getting a disease or a vaccine
- Internal barrier that will destroy germs that are swallowed
- Type of T-cell that remembers the pathogens identity and their antigen to protect against future infection.
- Type of T-cell that identifies antigens.
- Contains a weakened form of pathogen or MRNA that activates the immune response and help build immunity in the body.
21 Clues: The ability to resist disease • Used to treat bacterial infections. • Markers on the outside of a pathogen • Type of T-cell that identifies antigens. • Proteins made by the body that attach to antigens • Identify and surround pathogen. Begin to destroy it • Type of disease where the body attacks its own cells • ...
Chapter 4 Terms 2022-02-17
Across
- type of immunity where the individual receives antibodies
- type of immunity that occurs when exposed to disease and produces antibodies
- a person who has the disease
- the planning of an onset of disease
- a person who is well but infected
- a living organism, usually an insect, that can transmit a communicable disease agent to a susceptible host.
- the cause of a disease
- fifth leading cause of death in United States
- a communicable disease transmissible from animals to humans
- a disease that can be transmitted from person to person
- a person or other living organism houses an agent
- the taking of action during an event
- a disease that cannot be transmitted from person to person
Down
- the first on the Chain of infection model
- the complete elimination of a disease
- restriction of movement of exposed individuals
- the killing of communicable agents outside of the host
- the cause of a disease
- the separation of an infected person from those not infected
- the ability to fight off the disease
20 Clues: the cause of a disease • the cause of a disease • a person who has the disease • a person who is well but infected • the planning of an onset of disease • the ability to fight off the disease • the taking of action during an event • the complete elimination of a disease • the first on the Chain of infection model • fifth leading cause of death in United States • ...
Evolving and Changing Life 2022-01-31
Across
- result of reproduction, genes carried on
- substance/chemical used to kill another organism
- organs no longer used/needed
- immunity from viral infection
- observable trait like hair color
- lack of oxygen
- body parts
- different organisms/variety
- population of area physically separated, develops own traits
- characteristics from genetics
- chemical processes/substances in living organisms
- reproducing offspring and exchanging genetic material
- given immunity (newborn)
- not affected by something (pesticides)
- same structure between organisms
- from geographic isolation, new species is created
- how populations adapt/change to survive
- DNA sequence getting arranged
- changes in DNA sequence
- prehistoric remains/impressions
- lack nucleus,circular DNA,bacteria, archaea
Down
- diagram showing evolutionary relationships/lines
- Chart classifies organisms (KPCOFGS)
- genes randomly shift in a population
- different forms of same gene, dominant/recessive
- made of DNA, instructs/makes proteins/etc., from parents, 2 copies in humans
- composed of multiple cells, makes organism
- specific characteristics of organism, from parent to offspring
- provides active immunity (flu/COVID)
- reproductive success
- uses sun for energy
- adaptations that allow survival and reproduction
- (species), a unit/level of classification (class, family)
- mostly CO2 and N
- genetic material, composed of several molecules
- immunity from exposure (flu shot)
- medicines that kill bacteria
- group of species living together
- contain nucleus,4 of 5 kingdoms
- diagram showing relationships among groups of organisms
40 Clues: body parts • lack of oxygen • mostly CO2 and N • uses sun for energy • reproductive success • changes in DNA sequence • given immunity (newborn) • different organisms/variety • organs no longer used/needed • medicines that kill bacteria • immunity from viral infection • characteristics from genetics • DNA sequence getting arranged • contain nucleus,4 of 5 kingdoms • ...
Innate Immunity 2021-09-05
Across
- for example TNF
- glue that coats target bacteria
- protect against viral infections
- cytokines that are chemotaxic
- block the binding of histamine
- predominant in early inflammation
- small signaling proteins
- activator of inflammatory response
Down
- neutrophils and macrophages do this
- primary defense against parasites
- alter the behavior of cells
- macrophage precursors
- the lining of blood vessels
13 Clues: for example TNF • macrophage precursors • small signaling proteins • alter the behavior of cells • the lining of blood vessels • cytokines that are chemotaxic • block the binding of histamine • glue that coats target bacteria • protect against viral infections • primary defense against parasites • predominant in early inflammation • activator of inflammatory response • ...
Innate Immunity 2021-04-23
Across
- come from monocytes and are our main phagocytes
- defense against harmful foreign entities in our bodies
- inflamation signs are heat, pain, swelling,rednes
- most numerous WBC that targets bacteria and uses phagocytosis
- immediate immunity defense against wide range of potential pathogens
- swallows up and gets rid of microbe that has injested
- shedding of skin cells is mechanical defense that falls under what innate defense
Down
- type of release where it throws out its DNA
- chemokines falls under what type of innate defense
- lymphocytes/monocytes that lack granules
- cells that release perforin o initiate self destruction of infected cell
- type of WBC that associates with allergic and inflamatory responses
- associated with parasitic infections
13 Clues: associated with parasitic infections • lymphocytes/monocytes that lack granules • type of release where it throws out its DNA • come from monocytes and are our main phagocytes • inflamation signs are heat, pain, swelling,rednes • chemokines falls under what type of innate defense • swallows up and gets rid of microbe that has injested • ...
Disease & Immunity 2023-06-26
Across
- Antibodies have two light and two ______ chains
- Antigen presenting cell
- Antibody secreting cells
- Most common circulating white blood cell
- Viruses are _____
- Part of pathogen recognised by immune system
Down
- Region changes in different antibodies
- Sulfur containing amino acid
- Bacterial cell wall
- Programmed cell death
- Vector of malaria transmission
- Region is the same in same class of antibodies
- Plasmodium mature in the ______
13 Clues: Viruses are _____ • Bacterial cell wall • Programmed cell death • Antigen presenting cell • Antibody secreting cells • Sulfur containing amino acid • Vector of malaria transmission • Plasmodium mature in the ______ • Region changes in different antibodies • Most common circulating white blood cell • Part of pathogen recognised by immune system • ...
Adaptive Immunity 2025-06-20
Across
- A fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody. (6)
- A process that diversifies B-cell receptors to bind to new antigens; _______ hypermutation. (7)
- Term for the five main classes of antibodies (e.g., IgG, IgA). (7)
- A type of T-cell (CD4+) that assists other white blood cells in immunologic processes. (6)
- Unresponsiveness of the adaptive immune system to self-antigens. (9)
- Pertaining to the theory that specific antigen exposure leads to the expansion of a single B or T cell. (6)
- Immunity mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids, such as antibodies. (7)
- A protein on a cell surface that binds to a specific molecule. (8)
Down
- The mechanism by which antibodies block the sites on viruses that they use to enter their target cell. (14)
- The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself. (7)
- The unique ability of the adaptive immune system to target specific pathogens. (11)
- A form of T-cell maturation in the thymus; e.g., positive or negative ______. (9)
- The strength of the binding interaction between a single antibody binding site and its epitope. (8)
13 Clues: Term for the five main classes of antibodies (e.g., IgG, IgA). (7) • A protein on a cell surface that binds to a specific molecule. (8) • Unresponsiveness of the adaptive immune system to self-antigens. (9) • The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself. (7) • A fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody. (6) • ...
Evolution & Classification 2015-05-19
Across
- animals that have backbones and breastfeed their young
- Transports water
- grouping organisms based on common ancestors and characteristics.
- _________ Immunity - occurs after a baby is born when it still has some of the cells that fight infection from its mother's blood.
- old, simple
- ___________ Plants - the oldest most primitive kind of plant; do not have roots, stems, leaves or vascular tissue (for transport)EX: Moss
- Spot that takes in light; found in photosynthetic, single-celled organisms
- when an organism depends on other organisms for nutrition because it cannot make its own food
- when an organism uses processes like photosynthesis to make its own food.
- Evolved more recently; HAVE a transport system (called vascular tissue)
Down
- Active _________ - the immunity that you have gotten from being infected by a certain disease; cells that fight infection stay around for the rest of your life.
- Whip like tail used for movement
- ________ Evidence - comparing DNA or proteins; best evidence for evolution
- animals that live near water; vertebrates, which means they have a backbone
- Binomial __________ - naming organisms types with two names
- Greek for "fake foot"; cytoplasm moves to engulf prey; Also aids in movement
- injections that contain a small amount of the virus so that your body can see the disease and gain an immunity to the virus so you don't get sick.
- small pieces of DNA covered in protein
- Small, fine hairs also used for locomotion (movement)
- __________ Vacuole - pumps excess water out of the cell by quickly contracting
- transports food
21 Clues: old, simple • transports food • Transports water • Whip like tail used for movement • small pieces of DNA covered in protein • Small, fine hairs also used for locomotion (movement) • animals that have backbones and breastfeed their young • Binomial __________ - naming organisms types with two names • grouping organisms based on common ancestors and characteristics. • ...
Immune System Crossword Puzzle 2025-05-11
Across
- Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, and -
- Immunity that you are born with
- Process where immune cells engulf the pathogens
- The type of immunity passed from the mom to baby
- Occurs when swelling or pain is happening in an area
- Things on pathogens that trigger an immune response
- Microscopic living things that can cause illnesses and sickness
- The protective outer layer of body
Down
- The bodies first line of defense (skin)
- The immunity that you develop through an infection/vaccination
- Taken from people to kill bacterial infections
- The exposure that has faster immune response that previous one
- The general name for bacteria, viruses, etc.
- The system that has organs and tissues that help defend the body
- Cells that remember past infections
15 Clues: Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, and - • Immunity that you are born with • The protective outer layer of body • Cells that remember past infections • The bodies first line of defense (skin) • The general name for bacteria, viruses, etc. • Taken from people to kill bacterial infections • Process where immune cells engulf the pathogens • ...
IMMUNITY 2024-10-18
Across
- Players or roles who might not be aligned with either side
- A secret plan by a group to commit a crime or engage in deceitful activities
- An act of treachery where trust is shattered, often by a player who plays both sides
- A tactic used by players in a game to throw others off track
Down
- A violation of the rights of others; the opposite of justice
- The process of questioning other players to gather information or catch someone lying
- The foundation of alliances in the game, often easily broken
- A group of people working together, often united in hope for a better future
8 Clues: Players or roles who might not be aligned with either side • A violation of the rights of others; the opposite of justice • The foundation of alliances in the game, often easily broken • A tactic used by players in a game to throw others off track • A secret plan by a group to commit a crime or engage in deceitful activities • ...
Corona Virus 2020-06-04
Across
- recent mobile app developed by government
- act of disinfection
- body's power to fight pathogens
- limitation of freedom
- a natural disaster
- spreading of something
Down
- period of enforced isolation
- widespread disease
- agent used to give immunity
- a fighter
- mark of disgrace
- facial disguise
- act of confinement
13 Clues: a fighter • facial disguise • mark of disgrace • widespread disease • act of confinement • a natural disaster • act of disinfection • limitation of freedom • spreading of something • agent used to give immunity • period of enforced isolation • body's power to fight pathogens • recent mobile app developed by government
Corona Virus 2020-06-04
Across
- recent mobile app developed by government
- act of disinfection
- body's power to fight pathogens
- limitation of freedom
- a natural disaster
- spreading of something
Down
- period of enforced isolation
- widespread disease
- agent used to give immunity
- a fighter
- mark of disgrace
- facial disguise
- act of confinement
13 Clues: a fighter • facial disguise • mark of disgrace • widespread disease • act of confinement • a natural disaster • act of disinfection • limitation of freedom • spreading of something • agent used to give immunity • period of enforced isolation • body's power to fight pathogens • recent mobile app developed by government
Corona Virus 2020-06-04
Across
- a fighter
- recent mobile app developed by government
- period of enforced isolation
- act of confinement
- mark of disgrace
- spreading of something
- a natural disaster
Down
- limitation of freedom
- body's power to fight pathogens
- facial disguise
- widespread disease
- agent used to give immunity
- act of disinfection
13 Clues: a fighter • facial disguise • mark of disgrace • widespread disease • act of confinement • a natural disaster • act of disinfection • limitation of freedom • spreading of something • agent used to give immunity • period of enforced isolation • body's power to fight pathogens • recent mobile app developed by government
Chapter 12 Lymphatic System 2024-03-06
Across
- weakened or killed antigen injected into a person for the purpose of stimulating a primary immune response; conveys artificial active immunity; results in immunological memory
- a physiological response of the body to tissue injury
- cell particularly abundant in lymphatic and connective tissue
- the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs, including lymph nodes
- white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue
- short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of “ donated antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor
- antigen-specific defenses mounted by activated lymphocytes
- the body system responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign cells
- descendants of a single cell
- lymphocytes that oversee humoral immunity; their descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells
- natural defenses that protect against all foreign material
- the process by which a B cell or T cell becomes sensitized through biding contact with an antigen
- the type of T lymphocyte that orchestrates cellular immunity by direct contact with other immune cells and by releasing chemicals called cytokines
- a protein molecule, released by plasma cells, that mediates humoral immunity; an antibody
- a depressed area where vessels enter and leave an organ
- an endocrine gland active in the immune system
- unique lymphocytes that are part of the nonspecific defenses
- cells that display portions of foreign antigens to T cells; include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes
- second and subsequent responses of the humoral arm of the immune system to a previously met antigen
- the initial response of the humoral arm of the immune system to an antigen
Down
- defensive proteins that assist the innate defenses by attacking microbes directly or by preventing their reproduction
- pure preparations of identical antibodies that exhibit specificity for a single antigen
- an enzyme found in sweat, saliva, and tears that is capable of destroying certain kinds of bacteria
- disease-causing microorganisms
- resulting from the deficient production or function of immune cells or certain molecules
- including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates them immune system
- organs in the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils
- immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunological memory
- immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells
- allergies; overreaction of the immune system to a perceived threat, resulting in tissue damage
- member of T cell and B cell clones that provides for immunological memory
- branch of the immune system that targets specific antigen; involves B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells
- member of a B cell clone; specialized to produce and release antibodies
- blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites
- a group of plasma proteins that normally circulate in inactive forms
- an agent or chemical substance that induces fever
- the passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues
- an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling
- a substance that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
- effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells
- type of T lymphocyte that slows or stops activity of B and T cells once the antigenic threat is ended
- immunity provided by antibodies released by sensitized B cells and their plasma cell progeny
42 Clues: descendants of a single cell • disease-causing microorganisms • an endocrine gland active in the immune system • immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells • an agent or chemical substance that induces fever • effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells • a physiological response of the body to tissue injury • ...
Chapter 12 Vocabulary 2025-03-07
Across
- unique lymphocytes that are part of the nonspecific defenses
- the initial response of the humoral arm of the immune system to an antigen
- branch of the immune system that targets specific antigen; involves B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells
- a substance that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
- descendants of a single cell
- the passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues
- including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates them immune system
- an endocrine gland active in the immune system
- a group of plasma proteins that normally circulate in inactive forms
- a protein molecule, released by plasma cells, that mediates humoral immunity; an antibody
- defensive proteins that assist the innate defenses by attacking microbes directly or by preventing their reproduction
- immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunological memory
- blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites
- an enzyme found in sweat, saliva, and tears that is capable of destroying certain kinds of bacteria
- a depressed area where vessels enter and leave an organ
- member of T cell and B cell clones that provides for immunological memory
- natural defenses that protect against all foreign material
- the type of T lymphocyte that orchestrates cellular immunity by direct contact with other immune cells and by releasing chemicals called cytokines
- pure preparations of identical antibodies that exhibit specificity for a single antigen
- an agent or chemical substance that induces fever
- cells that display portions of foreign antigens to T cells; include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes
- immunity provided by antibodies released by sensitized B cells and their plasma cell progeny
Down
- allergies; overreaction of the immune system to a perceived threat, resulting in tissue damage
- type of T lymphocyte that slows or stops activity of B and T cells once the antigenic threat is ended
- short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of “ donated antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor
- white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue
- organs in the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils
- second and subsequent responses of the humoral arm of the immune system to a previously met antigen
- weakened or killed antigen injected into a person for the purpose of stimulating a primary immune response; conveys artificial active immunity; results in immunological memory
- the process by which a B cell or T cell becomes sensitized through biding contact with an antigen
- disease-causing microorganisms
- a physiological response of the body to tissue injury
- the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs, including lymph nodes
- effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells
- immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells
- cell particularly abundant in lymphatic and connective tissue
- resulting from the deficient production or function of immune cells or certain molecules
- member of a B cell clone; specialized to produce and release antibodies
- antigen-specific defenses mounted by activated lymphocytes
- the body system responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign cells
- lymphocytes that oversee humoral immunity; their descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells
- an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling
42 Clues: descendants of a single cell • disease-causing microorganisms • an endocrine gland active in the immune system • immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells • effector T cell that directly kills foreign cells • an agent or chemical substance that induces fever • a physiological response of the body to tissue injury • ...
Corona Virus 2020-06-04
Across
- recent mobile app developed by government
- act of disinfection
- body's power to fight pathogens
- limitation of freedom
- a natural disaster
- spreading of something
Down
- period of enforced isolation
- widespread disease
- agent used to give immunity
- a fighter
- mark of disgrace
- facial disguise
- act of confinement
13 Clues: a fighter • facial disguise • mark of disgrace • widespread disease • act of confinement • a natural disaster • act of disinfection • limitation of freedom • spreading of something • agent used to give immunity • period of enforced isolation • body's power to fight pathogens • recent mobile app developed by government
IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN 2021-05-29
Across
- Cells involved in cell mediated immunity
- Which portion of an antibody provides antigen binding site?
- How many types of antibodies are there?
- Immunity present from our birth?
- B-Cells and T-Cells are two types of cells involved in
- Which cell type of the innate immune system doesn't perform phagocytosis?
- Neutrophils,basophil,lymphocytes,eosinophil and monocytes are examples of
Down
- Interferons are
- Which immunity conveys the longest-lasting immunity to an infectious agent?
- Monocytes differentiate into which kind of phagocytic cell?
10 Clues: Interferons are • Immunity present from our birth? • How many types of antibodies are there? • Cells involved in cell mediated immunity • B-Cells and T-Cells are two types of cells involved in • Which portion of an antibody provides antigen binding site? • Monocytes differentiate into which kind of phagocytic cell? • ...
Health 2023-04-24
Across
- - they fight pathogens that have entered the body.
- - weak version of a pathogen introduced into an organism
- - living organisms that cause disease in others.
- - a virus that causes flu.
- body's ability to resist disease
- caused by HIV.
- - immunity acquired when we take medicine during sickness.
Down
- - an organism that is invaded by a pathogen
- - babies get this kind of immunity through breast milk.
- - well being
- treatment for bacterial infections.
- - physical barrier in air passages to prevent pathogens and duct from reaching the lungs.
12 Clues: - well being • caused by HIV. • - a virus that causes flu. • body's ability to resist disease • treatment for bacterial infections. • - an organism that is invaded by a pathogen • - living organisms that cause disease in others. • - they fight pathogens that have entered the body. • - babies get this kind of immunity through breast milk. • ...
Corona Virus 2020-06-04
Across
- recent mobile app developed by government
- act of disinfection
- body's power to fight pathogens
- limitation of freedom
- a natural disaster
- spreading of something
Down
- period of enforced isolation
- widespread disease
- agent used to give immunity
- a fighter
- mark of disgrace
- facial disguise
- act of confinement
13 Clues: a fighter • facial disguise • mark of disgrace • widespread disease • act of confinement • a natural disaster • act of disinfection • limitation of freedom • spreading of something • agent used to give immunity • period of enforced isolation • body's power to fight pathogens • recent mobile app developed by government
Crossword apropos Pathology and Microbiology 2024-02-19
Across
- Lack of differentiation
- Living cells engulfing other cells
- Soluble proteins involved in activation of immunity
- Abnormal amorphous extracellular proteins
- Cells part of innate immunity
- Apoptotic marker
- Viral disease affecting Parotid
- Bodies indicative of oxidative injury to the erythrocytes
- Blotting technique for RNA
Down
- Type of Hemoglobinopathy
- Type of necrosis
- Group of anaerobic,Gram positive microorganisms residing in soil
- Media to culture M.tuberculosis
- Fungal cell wall
- Potential to cause cancer
- Thick bands formed by nested platelets wrapped in fibrin
- Calcification seen in degenerated tissues
- Used for sterilization
18 Clues: Type of necrosis • Fungal cell wall • Apoptotic marker • Used for sterilization • Lack of differentiation • Type of Hemoglobinopathy • Potential to cause cancer • Blotting technique for RNA • Cells part of innate immunity • Media to culture M.tuberculosis • Viral disease affecting Parotid • Living cells engulfing other cells • Abnormal amorphous extracellular proteins • ...
Lymphatic System 2013-12-03
Across
- mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and throat
- immunity produced by exposure of an organism to antigens
- produces T cells for immune system
- transports lymph fluid back to the circulatory system
- two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat
- protects against contracting disease
- filter foreign particles from lymph
Down
- the interval between the receipt of infection and the onset of the consequent illness
- the process of becoming immune to something
- Immunity to a particular disease that is not innate, but has been acquired during life
- liquid found between cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body
- immunity someone is born with, species specific
- main vessel of the lymphatic system
- detect viruses, bacteria, and invaders
- eat anything foreign
- filters particles out of blood
- fluid that goes between capillary and tissues
17 Clues: eat anything foreign • filters particles out of blood • produces T cells for immune system • main vessel of the lymphatic system • filter foreign particles from lymph • protects against contracting disease • detect viruses, bacteria, and invaders • the process of becoming immune to something • fluid that goes between capillary and tissues • ...
Breast Feeding Quiz 2022-07-27
Across
- A salt of uric acid
- When does baby want to feed
- Hormone stimulating muscle activity
- Modifies gene expression
- Female organ for nourishment
- Can be left at room temperature for 6-8 hours
- Non genetic organism influencing immunity
- Painful infection of nipple
Down
- Touching this elicits the infant to suck
- Reynard's condition causes what to happen
- Baby's lips should be
- Stimulated by placental hormones
- Becomes sensitive during pregnancy
- Milky deposit
- Produced by the anterior pituitary
- Provides protection
- A female parent
17 Clues: Milky deposit • A female parent • A salt of uric acid • Provides protection • Baby's lips should be • Modifies gene expression • When does baby want to feed • Painful infection of nipple • Female organ for nourishment • Stimulated by placental hormones • Becomes sensitive during pregnancy • Produced by the anterior pituitary • Hormone stimulating muscle activity • ...
Immunological Products 2024-07-03
Across
- Antibody-rich fluid
- Disease prevention method
- Substance triggering an immune response
- Blood component used for vaccine
- Immune System Response
Down
- Immunity Booster
- Antibody-rich serum
- Hereditary immunity term
- Inactivated bacterial toxins
9 Clues: Immunity Booster • Antibody-rich fluid • Antibody-rich serum • Immune System Response • Hereditary immunity term • Disease prevention method • Inactivated bacterial toxins • Blood component used for vaccine • Substance triggering an immune response
Crossword Individual Immunity 2020-12-29
Across
- First season with an 11 person merge
- First season with a male first boot
- Winner of Survivor: Micronesia
- First person voted out of Yasur Tribe
- Only tribe to ever go down to just one member
- First season with a 12 person merge
- Jalapao Tribe member that didn't know what a pace was
- What Angie thought Matsing needed at Tribal Council
- Only pre-All Stars season to have only one returning player represent it.
- The first player to win a season and be voted out first in another season
- The first woman to ever return to the game from Redemption Island
- 7th person voted out of Survivor: Ghost Island
Down
- Only season with 19 castaways
- First name of the player idoled out by Wentworth in Cambodia
- Last man standing in Survivor: One World
- First boot of Survivor: Heroes vs Healers vs Hustlers
- Who Parvati voted for at the Tribal Council she got voted out at in Survivor: Winners at War
- 4-time player that got voted out a total of 5 times
- First season with a tribe swap from 2 to 3 tribes
- Nickname of the other Rob that was on Survivor: Marquesas
- Twist in Pearl Islands that allowed for Burton and Lil to rejoin the game
- 2nd person voted out of Survivor: Worlds Apart
- The first player to be voted out as a direct result of an idol (not counting Gary's idol play in Guatemala)
- First player to reach FTC twice
24 Clues: Only season with 19 castaways • Winner of Survivor: Micronesia • First player to reach FTC twice • First season with a male first boot • First season with a 12 person merge • First season with an 11 person merge • First person voted out of Yasur Tribe • Last man standing in Survivor: One World • Only tribe to ever go down to just one member • ...
Immunity/Graft Crossword 2021-03-05
Across
- these are cells that originate from b-cells and produce antibodies at a rate of 2000 per second
- this is the first component of antibody function; it is the main antibody ammunition that is activated during non-specific defense
- this is when your own body recognizes and fights antigens by itself
- ____________ humoral response is when the lymphocytes multiply rapidly to form an army of identical cells called clones
- this is the name used to remember the 5 different immunoglobulins
- this is a type of immunity that is cell mediated
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from and animal of a different species
- This is a type of immunity that is antibody mediated
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from a person who is genetically identical to the recipient
- ___________ _____________ this is activated by the binding of an antigen to an immature b-cell which then sensitizes it.
- this is a type of protein that increases body temperature and metabolic rate
Down
- this occurs when the antibody/antigen clumps settle out of a solution to be captured easier
- this is a type of immunity that is when you temporarily "borrow" antibodies
- this is the clumping of foreign cells
- this type of response is much faster and more effective than primary response
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from one site and placed in another on the same person.
- this is the second component to antibody function which occurs when the antibodies bind to the specific sites of toxic chemicals
- this is used to prevent rejection of a grafts with the use of corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, and radiation therapy
- this is another name for an antibody
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from an unknown person and given to the recipient
- b-cells that don't become plasma cells become this......
21 Clues: this is another name for an antibody • this is the clumping of foreign cells • this is a type of immunity that is cell mediated • This is a type of immunity that is antibody mediated • b-cells that don't become plasma cells become this...... • this is the name used to remember the 5 different immunoglobulins • ...
Immunity and Antibodies 2024-03-21
Across
- This is known as the complete set of sequences in the genetic material of an organism.
- These types of cells are lymphocytes of the innate immunity that defend against viral infections by secreting cytokines and killing infected cells?
- The ______ peptide directs the protein into the cell's secretory pathways and is then cleaved.
- This describes an antigen that contains more than one epitope, or more than one copy of the same epitope.
- What complex initiates a cascade of reactions enabling the next reaction in the sequence in the classical pathway?
- These types of cells are short-lived activated cells that defend the body in an immune response.
- What chain guides transport of class II MHC molecules to endocytic vesicles?
- Antibody structure consists of a quaternary protein with two identical heavy chains (H) and what other two identical chains?
- The physical location of a gene on a chromosome
- The total number of antibody specificities available to an individual is known as antibody ________.
- What is the movement of leukocytes out of the blood vessel to the infected tissue?
Down
- The cell-surface B-cell antigen receptors and the secreted antibodies are known more generally as what?
- These types of antibodies are produced from a clone of the antibody-producing b-cells.
- What can bind in pockets, or grooves, or on extended surfaces in the binding sites of antibodies?
- What immunity involves both humoral and cellular components?
- What molecules mediate isotope switching?
- This type of hypermutation occurs in mature B cells, acting only on rearranged DNA encoding the V regions.
- This is the part of a pathogen to which an antibody binds.
- The different forms of any given gene are called alleles, what are their encoded proteins are called?
- What is the coating of the pathogen with a protein that facilitates Phagocytosis?
20 Clues: What molecules mediate isotope switching? • The physical location of a gene on a chromosome • This is the part of a pathogen to which an antibody binds. • What immunity involves both humoral and cellular components? • What chain guides transport of class II MHC molecules to endocytic vesicles? • ...
blood and immunity 2024-08-23
Across
- the protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation process
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes
- a substance that induces the formation of an antibody
- fragment of large cell
- cell, an immature neutrophil with nucleus in the shape of a band
- a white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm
- condition on blood
- a protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
- elements, the cellular components of blood
- an agranular phagocytic leukocyte
- simple protein found in blood plasma
- globulin, the fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies
- tiny biconve disk without a nuclear
- cell, a mature form of the B cell that produces antibodies
- decrease in
- the liquid portion of the blood
Down
- the state of being protected against disease
- the inactive precursor of fibrin
- blood clotting
- the stoppage of blood
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with acidic dyes
- larger red cell with prominent nucleus that may be segmented or types in straining proterties
- the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system
- a lymhocyte that matures in bone marrow and is producing antibodies.
- the engolfing of foreign material by white blood cells
- a substance that separates into changed particles in solution
- testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood
27 Clues: decrease in • blood clotting • condition on blood • the stoppage of blood • fragment of large cell • the liquid portion of the blood • the inactive precursor of fibrin • an agranular phagocytic leukocyte • tiny biconve disk without a nuclear • simple protein found in blood plasma • elements, the cellular components of blood • the state of being protected against disease • ...
Induced Innate Immunity 2024-09-20
Across
- receptor: receptors on immune cells that recognize surface proteins of pathogens and abnormal self-cells.
- chemokine involved in the migration of neutrophils from the blood into infected tissue
- describes cells or molecules of an individual’s own body that have been altered by infection or has become cancerous.
- any member of a large group of small proteins involved in guiding white blood cells to sites where their functions are needed.
- in immunology, describes any antigen that the body does not recognize as ‘self’
- describes a cytokine that acts on the same cell as the one that secreted it.
- mechanism of cell death in which the cells to be killed are induced to degrade themselves. Also known as programmed cell death.
- polymorphism: the existence of two or more alleles of a given gene within a population, leading to variation between individuals.
- any molecule that induces fever
- a type of programmed cell death that results in inflammation and is how large amounts of the cytokine IL-1β are released from storage in macrophages.
- molecular patterns: molecular features that are common to many different pathogens.
- refers to any cell, protein, or other molecule that is a normal part of an individual’s own body
- proteins that specifically recognize carbohydrates.
- granular leukocyte that enters infected tissues in large numbers and engulfs and kills extracellular pathogens.
- burst: metabolic change in neutrophils and macrophages that leads to the generation of toxic oxygen metabolites and other antibacterial substances that attack the phagocytosed pathogens.
- describes a cytokine that is released from one cell and acts on another cell.
- small proteins secreted by cells that change the behavior of neighboring cells.
Down
- intracellular vesicle formed by fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome, functions in breaking down material by degradative lysosomal enzymes
- lectin domain: carbohydrate-binding domain present in many glycoproteins.
- response: an induced innate immune response that occurs soon after the start of an infection and involves the synthesis of acute-phase proteins by the liver and their secretion into the blood.
- The neutrophil nucleus swells and bursts, the chromatin dissolves and becomes extruded from the cell in a network of decondensed DNA.
- cell-surface glycoproteins that mediate adhesive interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix
- intracellular membrane-enclosed vesicle that is formed by the invagination and pinching-off of a portion of plasma membrane
- Lymphoid Cells: innate lymphocyte that differs from T and B lymphocytes by not expressing variable antigen receptors. It expresses PRRs.
- a family of cytokines that act specifically to induce cells to resist virus infection.
- Oligomerization Domain-like Receptors: soluble cytoplasmic receptors that recognize degraded components of phagocytized bacteria.
- the movement of cells or fluid from within blood vessels into the surrounding tissues
- receptors: any of a family of signaling receptors of innate immunity that recognize a range of pathogens and include both cell-surface receptors and receptors that are located in endosome membranes.
- digestive intracellular organelle that contains degradative enzymes and breaks down macromolecules.
- intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by phagocytosis.
30 Clues: any molecule that induces fever • proteins that specifically recognize carbohydrates. • intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by phagocytosis. • lectin domain: carbohydrate-binding domain present in many glycoproteins. • describes a cytokine that acts on the same cell as the one that secreted it. • ...
Immunity A level 2024-11-22
Across
- Adaptive immune response that occurs in cells
- A protein that regulates the immune response.
- A localized response to injury or infection.
- Lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
- Cells that provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.
- An increase in body temperature in response to infection.
- A type of lymphocyte that destroys infected or cancerous cells.
- A vesicle that's formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome.
- A microorganism that causes disease.
- A type of phagocyte that engulfs and digests cellular debris.
- A compound released by cells in response to injury and in allergic reactions.
Down
- Immune cells that display antigens on their surface to activate T cells
- Immunity The immune response that adapts to specific pathogens.
- Lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity.
- An organelle containing digestive enzymes.
- Activate B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells
- A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests bacteria.
- Natural Killer Cells use this to puncture holes in pathogen membranes
- The body's first line of defense against pathogens.
- The process by which a cell engulfs and digests particles.
- The movement of cells toward a chemical stimulus.
- A substance that triggers an immune response.
- Adaptive immune response that occurs in fluids
23 Clues: Lymphocytes that produce antibodies. • A microorganism that causes disease. • An organelle containing digestive enzymes. • A localized response to injury or infection. • Adaptive immune response that occurs in cells • A protein that regulates the immune response. • A substance that triggers an immune response. • Adaptive immune response that occurs in fluids • ...
Immunity and Disease 2025-04-10
Across
- white blood cells of adaptive immunity
- three layered membrane of CNS
- bundles of axons that receive and send nerve signals
- invasion and multiplication of microbes
- plasma like fluid that travels by way of lymphatic circulation
- produced by white blood cells primarily to fight viruses
- outermost layer of meninges
- considered a secondary lymphatic organ
- artificial active immunity
- most abundant antibody and second released during primary response
- genes that code for human cell markers and receptors
- immunity composed of the first and second lines of defense
- accumulation of fluid in tissues
- defense mechanism of second line of defense has 4 cardinal signs and sometimes five
- phagocytic cells of the brain
- levels of antibodies in serum
- small molecules that alone are too small to illicit an immune response
- where do t cells mature
- inflammation of the meninges
- acronym for fluid that lines the brain and spinal cord
- chemical signals between neurons
- antibody found in breast milk
- term for organisms coming from outside the body
- receptor found primarily on cytotoxic t cells
- antibody highly correlated to allergic responses
- abnormally high body temperature
Down
- study of frequency and distribution of a disease
- where do t and b cells originate
- toxin released from outer membrane of gram negative bacteria
- production of red blood cells
- acronym for cells that present antigens to t cells
- severity of disease
- stage of infection where first symptoms appear
- exotoxin that targets red blood cells and causes lysis
- the antibody that serves as the primary receptor for b cells
- likelihood of disease
- immunity the third line of immunity defense is also called
- innermost layer of meninges
- binding substance required by some vaccines
- first antibody released during primary response
- primary component of pus serves a phagocytic role in innate immunity
- antigen that provokes an immune response
- the acronym for pathogen recognition receptors is
- sum total of microbes found on and in a human
- part of antigen that triggers immune response
- migration of cells to a specific chemical stimulus
- total number of deaths in a population from a disease
- when a disease can be passed from an infected host to another host and cause infection
- baceterial toxins that stimulate extreme t cell responses
- primary habitat that a pathogen originates from
- route microbe takes to enter the tissues of the body
- cells of the brain and spinal cord
52 Clues: severity of disease • likelihood of disease • where do t cells mature • artificial active immunity • outermost layer of meninges • innermost layer of meninges • inflammation of the meninges • three layered membrane of CNS • production of red blood cells • phagocytic cells of the brain • levels of antibodies in serum • antibody found in breast milk • where do t and b cells originate • ...
Immunity and Immunization 2025-04-01
Across
- T cell responsible for directly attacking infected.
- The type of T cell that secretes interleukins to coordinate immune responses.
- The Y-shaped protein molecules that help neutralize or destroy pathogens.
- The immune response that occurs upon re-exposure to the same antigen, often faster and stronger.
- The site where B cells develop.
- The abundant immunoglobulin in circulation, responsible for secondary immune response.
- The primary goal of vaccination is to stimulate a ______ response and a memory response.
- Blood cell markers are classified as this type of immunogen.
- When a B cell encounters an antigen, it produces these defensive proteins.
- The process where B cells that react to self-antigens are destroyed.
- If a vaccinated person is exposed to the pathogen, the immune response will be ______, powerful, and sustained.
- The structures T cells colonize after maturation, such as lymph nodes and tonsils.
- A vaccine should be inexpensive and have a long ______ life.
- Immunoglobulin that acts as a B cell membrane antigen receptor.
- A substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response.
- Immunoglobulin found in mucus, saliva, tears, and milk, preventing pathogen adherence to epithelial surfaces.
- Small antigen molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses used in vaccines.
- A good vaccine should protect against ______ forms of the pathogen.
- The term used for an antigen that stimulates an immune response.
- A vaccine should have long-term effects by producing ______ cells.
- When a T cell encounters an antigen, it becomes ______.
- T cells that react with self-antigens are ______.
- An ideal vaccine should require minimal doses and ______.
- DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA.
- Two main types of APCs: ______ and macrophages.
- The structure that fuses with a lysosome to break down antigens.
- Vaccines that contain killed cells or inactivated viruses.
- Vaccination primes the immune system for future exposure to a ______ pathogen.
- The abbreviation for the “ID” tag that helps identify self vs. non-self cells.
- The organ where T cells mature.
- More complex molecules-more antigenic than lipids.
- The outermost layer of the meninges.
- Certain bacterial capsules are composed of this immunogenicity material.
Down
- This component of bacterial cell walls is a known immunogen.
- The process used to manufacture subunit vaccines by modifying DNA.
- Vaccines that use weakened but live pathogens.
- The type of immune cells activated when a T cell recognizes an antigen on an APC.
- response The first response of the immune system to a new antigen.
- The type of T cell that directly attacks pathogens.
- Immunoglobulin found on mast cells, involved in allergic reactions by stimulating histamine release.
- The process in which an activated B cell multiplies to form identical copies.
- The brain is made up of neurons and____cells.
- To be perceived as an antigen, a substance must meet requirements in foreignness shape ,size , and______.
- The class of MHC found only on antigen-presenting cells.
- The class of MHC found on all nucleated cells.
- The largest immunoglobulin, a pentamer, primarily involved in the primary immune response.
- acquired active Immunity acquired through infection or contact with a pathogen.
- The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
- The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system.
- The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves traveling to the body’s periphery.
- Type of vaccine in which subunits are combined with proteins to enhance immune response.
- acquired active Immunity gained through vaccination with dead or attenuated pathogens.
- A B cell is activated when an antigen binds to its ______.
- The immune signaling molecules secreted by helper T cells to attract and stimulate other immune cells.
- Immunity directed against a particular pathogen.
- The T cells that provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.
- The type of cells that produce and secrete antibodies.
- cells The type of cells in red bone marrow that give rise to T cells.
- The type of molecule secreted by plasma cells to neutralize antigens.
- help promote Tc cell and B cell action.
60 Clues: The site where B cells develop. • The organ where T cells mature. • The outermost layer of the meninges. • help promote Tc cell and B cell action. • DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA. • The brain is made up of neurons and____cells. • Vaccines that use weakened but live pathogens. • The class of MHC found on all nucleated cells. • ...
Immunity Crossword Puzzle 2026-03-07
Across
- medicines that fight bacterial infections by killing bacteria
- the body's natural, protective immune response to injury
- protection against a disease through intentional medical intervention
- white blood cell that helps the body fight infection,
- the line of defence that is the body's initial barrier system that prevents pathogens from entering
- white blood cells that protect the body by "eating" harmful foreign particles,
- protection developed after your immune system is exposed to a live pathogen
- occurs when bacteria evolve defenses that allow them to survive
- white blood cells that act as a crucial part of the immune system to fight infections
- the line of defence that is the immune response that activates when pathogens breach external barriers
- cells derived from bone marrow that protect the body against infections
Down
- training your immune system to recognize and fight harmful germs
- type of white blood cell that act as the security of the immune system
- the body’s complex, built-in defense
- white blood cells that act as the immune system's "cleanup crew"
- the line of defence that is the learned immune response that targets particular pathogens
- immediate, temporary protection against pathogens
- the blood cells that are essential immune system cells that protect the body against infections,
- protein made to identify and neutralize foreign invaders
- long-lasting protection produced by your own immune system
20 Clues: the body’s complex, built-in defense • immediate, temporary protection against pathogens • white blood cell that helps the body fight infection, • the body's natural, protective immune response to injury • protein made to identify and neutralize foreign invaders • long-lasting protection produced by your own immune system • ...
Microbiology Crossword Module 2: The Immune System 2023-02-09
Across
- The antibodies involved in humoral immunity is called _________
- Defense protein that is responsible for the pro-inflammatory response and communication between cells
- The immunity which we develop as we age
- The antibody found in the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract and GI tract, therefore, being a big player in allergic reactions
- The immunity we are born with
- Once in circulation, T-cells are found in the _________ fluid
- T and B cells originate from the ________
- Granulocyte that acts in parasitic infections
- cell An antigen-presenting cell bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems
- The innate immune system has ____ memory and does not require memory
- CD4+ is a ___________ that binds to peptides on class 2 MHC
- Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are considered _________
- The antibody that accounts for the vast majority of Ig in the plasma and that can cross the placenta and protect the fetus
- Adaptive immunity has _________ which helps it distinguish between pathogens, but the trade-off is time
- A cell that is constantly surveying the intracellular fluid and can kill organisms by interacting with them directly playing a role in tumor prevention
- The ______ in the stomach has the ability to kill pathogens
- The antibody that is always attached to a B cell and therefore plays a major role in B-cell activation
- CD8+ is a ____________ that binds to peptides on class 1 MHC
- Granulocytes have _______ that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma
- Due to the nature of the innate immune system, it is _________ as it has no memory
Down
- In phagocytosis, pathogens are digested by ______________
- The innate immune system responds __________
- Eosinophils and basophils are found in the ________
- In innate immunity the first line of defense is the ________-
- Macrophages, B-cells, and dendritic cells are considered _________
- Once in circulation, T-cells are found in the _________ fluid
- the antibody found in bodily secretions, therefore, acting and protecting the mucosal linings
- Antibodies trigger _________
- The ______ acts as a physical barrier due to its acidic pH
- T cells mature in the _______ whereas B cells mature where they originated from
- The _______ and ________ of the nose and lungs trap and sweep away organisms
- Tears have the ability to wash away irritants and kill bacteria with the help of _________
- Defense proteins that are part of your body's immune system that cleans up damaged cells, help your body heal after an injury or an infection and destroy microscopic organisms like bacteria that make you sik
- When antibodies block receptors of pathogens it is referred to as ________
- The type of adaptive immunity that involves B-cells
- Mechanism of the immune system that increases blood flow, recruits cytokines, and promotes healing
- The type of adaptive immunity that involves T-cells
- Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are considered __________
- This mechanism slows the growth of the bacteria and speeds up the body's defense to pathogens
- The antibody attached to B-cells or found free in the plasma that acts as the primary response to a pathogen
40 Clues: Antibodies trigger _________ • The immunity we are born with • The immunity which we develop as we age • T and B cells originate from the ________ • The innate immune system responds __________ • Granulocyte that acts in parasitic infections • Eosinophils and basophils are found in the ________ • The type of adaptive immunity that involves B-cells • ...
Immunology Introduction 2020-03-16
Across
- Arm of immunity that comprises specific barriers
- This system drains excess fluid from the body.
- Against what disease was the first vaccine created
- Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils are?
- A substance that elicits an immune response
- Where are B and T cells made?
Down
- Arm of immunity involves acquiring antibodies without first being exposed to the antigen
- Who created the first vaccine
- Lymphocytes and monocytes are?
- Glands that swell upon infection and are secondary lymphoid tissues.
- Arm of immunity that comprises non-specific barriers
- Circulating monocytes enter tissues, mature and become these cells.
- Cells that allow for a robust secondary immune response and are long-lasting
- The study of the Immune System
- Where do T-cells mature?
15 Clues: Where do T-cells mature? • Who created the first vaccine • Where are B and T cells made? • Lymphocytes and monocytes are? • The study of the Immune System • Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils are? • A substance that elicits an immune response • This system drains excess fluid from the body. • Arm of immunity that comprises specific barriers • ...
Applied Immunology and Vaccination 2023-06-21
Across
- Immunity in majority of the population
- Mabs with a mouse variable region and human constant region
- ____ agglutination tests are when the antibody reacts with the soluble antigen adhering to the particles
- Way to induce immunity with chunks or dead organisms
- antibodies that bind to toxins
- Genetically altered virus or bacteria
- Inactive toxins that induce the production of antitoxins
- Inoculation into the skin.
- "Immortal" and cancerous B cell
Down
- Mabs that are mostly human
- Introduction of a dead organism into the body
- antigen-antibody reaction that block the harmful effects of an exotoxin or a virus
- agglutination of RBC surface antigens and complementary antibodies
- ____ agglutination tests detect antibodies against large cellular antigens
- Using a fragment of an organism to trigger immunity
15 Clues: Mabs that are mostly human • Inoculation into the skin. • antibodies that bind to toxins • "Immortal" and cancerous B cell • Genetically altered virus or bacteria • Immunity in majority of the population • Introduction of a dead organism into the body • Using a fragment of an organism to trigger immunity • Way to induce immunity with chunks or dead organisms • ...
Healthy Professional 2025-04-09
Across
- required for normal metabolism
- A Skins Elasticity and thickness
- E Protect the skin from the suns UV light
- hypersensitivity disorders
- Building muscle and cell repair
- needed for body functions. Sebum production and absorption of vitamins A,D,E and K
- Immunity after overcoming a disease
- Nutrients needed for energy to run every function
- the ability of the body to resist and destroy pathogens
- 50 to 70 percent of body's weight. Needed for every function of the cells and body
- used by cells to produce biochemicals
Down
- taking in nutrients and assimilating them
- C Promotes production of collagen and healing skin
- D Bone development
- substance that kills and slow growth of bacteria
- test possible allergy in clients
- the science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools
- Immunity inherited and partly developed through healthy living
18 Clues: D Bone development • hypersensitivity disorders • required for normal metabolism • Building muscle and cell repair • test possible allergy in clients • A Skins Elasticity and thickness • Immunity after overcoming a disease • used by cells to produce biochemicals • taking in nutrients and assimilating them • E Protect the skin from the suns UV light • ...
Immunity & Respiration 2018-05-24
Across
- Site of gas exchange
- Engulfing pathogens
- Prokaryote pathogen
- Without oxygen
- Produced by anaerobic respiration
- Disease-causing microorganisms
- Weakened pathogen
Down
- Site of respiration
- Antibody-producing cells
- With oxygen
- Breakdown of glucose
- Immunity proteins
- Foreign substance
13 Clues: With oxygen • Without oxygen • Immunity proteins • Foreign substance • Weakened pathogen • Site of respiration • Engulfing pathogens • Prokaryote pathogen • Breakdown of glucose • Site of gas exchange • Antibody-producing cells • Disease-causing microorganisms • Produced by anaerobic respiration
Body system project- Immune system 2020-05-02
Across
- fine branching blood vessel
- an antibody that counteracts a toxin.
- thin walled vessels
- also called biologic therapy
- small organ behind the breastbone
- immunity not present at birth
- type of white blood cell
- type of white blood cell
- a blood protein
Down
- are antigen-presenting cells
- large phagocytic cell
- becomes less responsive to something
- small glands that filter lymph
- Immunity present at birth
- your bodies system to fight disease
- lymph nodes in area between lungs
- body mistakes own cells as bad
- also known as complement cascade
- injecting virus to create antibodies
- largest organ in the lymphatic system.
20 Clues: a blood protein • thin walled vessels • large phagocytic cell • type of white blood cell • type of white blood cell • Immunity present at birth • fine branching blood vessel • are antigen-presenting cells • also called biologic therapy • immunity not present at birth • small glands that filter lymph • body mistakes own cells as bad • also known as complement cascade • ...
Chapter 5 Key Terms 2026-02-09
Across
- A condition in which there is an excessive response by the body to the stimulus of a foreign body.
- Immunity against self
- Something that kills cells
- Something that works to prevent
- Environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction
Down
- Lack of immunity
- The body’s own antigen
- Destruction of red blood cells
- Blood vessel cancer that causes reddish-purple skin lesions
- An allergic reaction resulting in a skin eruption of wheals that causes intense itching
- Powerful anti-inflammatory hormones
- Muscular constriction of the bronchi of the respiratory tract
- Immunity against other humans
13 Clues: Lack of immunity • Immunity against self • The body’s own antigen • Something that kills cells • Immunity against other humans • Destruction of red blood cells • Something that works to prevent • Powerful anti-inflammatory hormones • Environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction • Blood vessel cancer that causes reddish-purple skin lesions • ...
Crossword apropos Pathology and Microbiology 2024-02-19
Across
- Lack of differentiation
- Living cells engulfing other cells
- Soluble proteins involved in activation of immunity
- Abnormal amorphous extracellular proteins
- Cells part of innate immunity
- Apoptotic marker
- Viral disease affecting Parotid
- Bodies indicative of oxidative injury to the erythrocytes
- Blotting technique for RNA
Down
- Type of Hemoglobinopathy
- Type of necrosis
- Group of anaerobic,Gram positive microorganisms residing in soil
- Media to culture M.tuberculosis
- Fungal cell wall
- Potential to cause cancer
- Thick bands formed by nested platelets wrapped in fibrin
- Calcification seen in degenerated tissues
- Used for sterilization
18 Clues: Type of necrosis • Fungal cell wall • Apoptotic marker • Used for sterilization • Lack of differentiation • Type of Hemoglobinopathy • Potential to cause cancer • Blotting technique for RNA • Cells part of innate immunity • Media to culture M.tuberculosis • Viral disease affecting Parotid • Living cells engulfing other cells • Abnormal amorphous extracellular proteins • ...
Review for Exam #6 2022-11-21
Across
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli is referred to as ________ diarrhea.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis causes _________ and is mainly seen in the Ohio and MIssissippi River valleys and the Great Lakes region.
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus are microbial spore populations used for which type of sterilization process monitoring?
- _______ adaptive immunity
- In _______ adaptive immunity, immunity is temporary because antibodies were passed from one individual to another.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often the causative agent of conjunctivitis, ________ and other eye related infections.
- _______mouth is another name fore Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of a systemic __________ disorder.
- Individuals who have had a specific infection have partial or total resistance to reinfection by a specific microbial pathogen due to _________ adaptive immunity.
- Untreated gingivitis leads to __________, which is pus pockets that form around the teeth destroying bone and tissue that anchor the teeth.
- HBV and _____ are blood-borne pathogens capable of transmission through sexual intercourse or sharps injuries.
- The chlamydial eye infection called _________ is the leading cause of preventable blindness globally.
- ___________ better known as "whooping cough" is caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, which cause serious inflammation in the respiratory tract of young children.
- The term used in a mixed bacterial infection where inflammation is not seen.
- _________ immunity is a phenomenon of protection of a large group or community of people from communicable disease when the majority of those in the group have been properly vaccinated.
- An acute respiratory disease that can cuase myocardial and neural tissue damage. This disease is caused by Corynebacteriumm diphtheriae.
- ___________ techniques are used to prevent the spread of infection and include processes such as pre-operative skin preps and environmental decontamination procedures.
Down
- _________ are the most common cause of enterocolitis infections from ingestion of contaminated foods.
- an infection of the ear canal seen in the elderly and diabetics and is typically caused by P. aeruginosa.
- The ___________ system is a method of sterilization which uses hydrogen peroxide gas plasma which has replaced other, more dangerous methods in many hospitals.
- The most severe and potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction.
- Instruments should be rinsed of blood and tissue during decontamination to reduce __________ present of surfaces.
- A gastrointestinal infection caused by species of the genus Vibrio.
- To insure their survival, viruses have the ability to __________ over time in response to changing environmental conditions.
- The third line of defense humans have against disease.
- Provides individuals with artificial active adaptive immunity.
- Cystic __________ is a hereditary disorder that causes an accumulation of thick and tenacious mucus that places individuals at greater risk for infections with P. aeruginosa.
- Neutral zone, no-touch, and hands-free techniques are measures practiced by the surgical team when handling ________.
- Pathogen with a crown-shape appearance that causes mild to moderate respiratory infections.
- The body's first line of defense again disease.
- Reappearance due to an increase in non-immunized children and adults which has reduced the broad protection of herd immunity.
31 Clues: _______ adaptive immunity • The body's first line of defense again disease. • The third line of defense humans have against disease. • Enterotoxigenic E. coli is referred to as ________ diarrhea. • Provides individuals with artificial active adaptive immunity. • A gastrointestinal infection caused by species of the genus Vibrio. • ...
Immune/Lymphoid System 2023-12-13
Across
- White blood cell that carries granules in the cytoplasm that look like dots.
- A biological preparation that provides active immunity to a particular disease.
- The intruders that come inside the body they could be substances or pathogens.
- Immunity that only happens after vaccination or getting sick.
- The proteins generated by the T cells to target intruders and alert other immune cells.
- Red blood cell with the function of transport oxygen.
Down
- A health conditions that causes symptoms like fever, headache and fatigue.
- Neurotransmitter involved in inflammatory response allows leukocytes to get where they are needed.
- White blood cell that is part of the body defenses.
- White blood cell in charge of eliminating pathogens
- an organism that causes disease in the body.
- Immunity that includes the physical Barriers and humeral reactions that cause inflammation.
- Immunity that only occurs if the 70% of a population is vaccines against a disease.
13 Clues: an organism that causes disease in the body. • White blood cell that is part of the body defenses. • White blood cell in charge of eliminating pathogens • Red blood cell with the function of transport oxygen. • Immunity that only happens after vaccination or getting sick. • A health conditions that causes symptoms like fever, headache and fatigue. • ...
epidemiology/communicable disease 2025-06-09
Across
- epidemic that is worldwide
- transmission includes immediate transfer of infectious agents from a reservoir to a new host
- type of immunity short term; acquired naturally or artificially
- transmission by droplet nuclei—the small residues from droplets emitted by an infected host
- type of immunity long term, sometimes lifelong; acquired naturally or artificially
- type of immunity where immunity level is present in a population group
Down
- A factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition
- continual presence of a disease or infectious agent in a particular area or population
- Infection Control Measures
- transmission where an infectious agent is carried by a vector (nonhuman carrier such as an animal or insect)
- susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease-causing agent
- transmission includes infectious agent transported by contaminated materials such as air, water, or food
- All the external factors surrounding the host that might influence vulnerability or resistance
13 Clues: epidemic that is worldwide • Infection Control Measures • type of immunity short term; acquired naturally or artificially • A factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition • type of immunity where immunity level is present in a population group • susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease-causing agent • ...
Miscellaneous Part II Immune System 2023-03-16
Across
- A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight infections and other diseases.
- a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
- The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific disease.
- A type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells.
- A type of white blood cell.
- provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
- acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.
- a group of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body
- infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.
- physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection.
Down
- results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
- eliminating specific pathogens that have been encountered by the immune system previously
- the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell.
- happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
- Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance.
- A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.
- used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
- A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms.
- A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies.
19 Clues: A type of white blood cell. • A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. • used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins. • a group of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body • A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. • ...
Abby's Biology Crossword 2018-03-23
Across
- responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
- the most common type of white blood cell
- stimulates immune cells to initiate inflammatory response
- first antibody humans make in an immune response
- there are ____ classes of antibodies
- regulate immune response by suppressing functions of certain T cells
- display foreign antigens as well as their own surface proteins
- destroy target cells by specific and nonspecific processes
- all B cells are_____ until they find the right antigen to fit with
- another word for an antibody molecule
- when the B cell divides by mitosis to make make more
- signaling molecules that attract, activate, and direct the movement of various immune system cells
Down
- secrete cytokines that activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages
- also known as cellular immunity
- large diverse group of proteins that serve as signaling molecules and perform regulatory functions
- also known as humoral immunity
- involves distinguishing self from nonself
- first main process in the inflammatory response
- include nk cells, T cells, and B cells
- cells with long cytoplasmic extensions
20 Clues: also known as humoral immunity • also known as cellular immunity • there are ____ classes of antibodies • another word for an antibody molecule • include nk cells, T cells, and B cells • cells with long cytoplasmic extensions • the most common type of white blood cell • involves distinguishing self from nonself • responsible for antibody-mediated immunity • ...
Year 9 Immunity Crossword 2022-03-05
Across
- type of cell that finds other cells to help
- powerful medicines that treat bacterial infections
- raises the body temperature to fight off infection
- type of immunity that your body creates
- type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens
- an organism that causes disease
- type of cell able to kill viral pathogens by sending a death signal
- type of immunity you receive from outside your body
- type of cell that creates antibodies
- when individuals who are not immune to a pathogen are protected from exposure
Down
- the main function of the immune system
- the injection of dead or weak pathogens to acquire immunity
- another word for white blood cell
- protein marker on a cell that allows the body to identify self vs non self
- cannot be treated with antibiotics
- the process in which phagocytes destroy bacteria
- type of cell that remembers encounters with pathogens
- specific protein that tags and destroys infected cells
- requires antibiotics to treat
- the largest organism of the body. Also is part of the first line of defence
20 Clues: requires antibiotics to treat • an organism that causes disease • another word for white blood cell • cannot be treated with antibiotics • type of cell that creates antibodies • the main function of the immune system • type of immunity that your body creates • type of cell that finds other cells to help • type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens • ...
Blood and Immunity 2023-01-09
Across
- the engulfing of foreign material
- white blood cell
- a formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis
- inborn defense mechanisms, nonspecific
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes
- deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- the fluid that circulates through the cardiovascular system
- a simple protein found in blood plasma
- the iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports energy
- cellular components of blood
- the stoppage of bleeding
- a substance that causes an allergic response
Down
- a red blood cell
- granular leukocyte that stains strongly with acidic dyes
- substance that separates charged particles
- a white blood cell that does not have visible granules inn its cytoplasm
- liquid portion of blood
- the rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
- a protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
- acquired during life and is specific
- protection against disease
- an immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band
- blood clotting
- the protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation process
- a granular leukocyte that stains weakly with both acidic and basic dyes
- a substance that induces the formation of an antibody
26 Clues: blood clotting • a red blood cell • white blood cell • liquid portion of blood • the stoppage of bleeding • protection against disease • cellular components of blood • the engulfing of foreign material • acquired during life and is specific • inborn defense mechanisms, nonspecific • a simple protein found in blood plasma • substance that separates charged particles • ...
Vaccines and Immunity 2025-01-14
Across
- Haemophilus influenza B bacteria is known to cause what disease
- can remain latent and cause shingles later on in life
- vaccines cause this type of immunity
- viral disease, paralysis, contaminated water, fecal route, attack never cells
- resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune
- these cells actually destroy cells infected or antigens tagged by antibodies
- when you take pus from sores and place a them under a cut of someone not infected
- foreign substances that elicit an immune response
- 1935 – #1 cause of child death
- another name for whooping cough
Down
- B lymphocytes make these
- a small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome
- the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies
- harmless variant of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
- name of man that used cowpox to make the first vaccine
- vaccine where purified toxin produced by the pathogen is used to elicit immune response
- latin term for cow
- type of immunity when you receive antibodies produced from another person
- weakend virus in a vaccine, does not cause the disease
- another name for a killed virus used for a vaccine
- type of immunity that your are naturally born with
21 Clues: latin term for cow • B lymphocytes make these • 1935 – #1 cause of child death • another name for whooping cough • vaccines cause this type of immunity • foreign substances that elicit an immune response • another name for a killed virus used for a vaccine • type of immunity that your are naturally born with • can remain latent and cause shingles later on in life • ...
Micro Immunity Assignment 2025-04-01
Across
- fuses with enzyme containing lysosome
- special binding substance required by some vaccines, enhances immunogenicity
- adaptations used to invade and establish microbes in the host- effects vary widely
- organisms coming from somewhere in the same human host
- a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulate the action of other immune system cells
- level of antibodies in the serum over time
- the clumping or sticking together or particles, such as red blood cells due to an interaction with specific antibodies
- pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1 immune response
- monomer in plasma, dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to epithelia
- specific chemical product of microbes that is poisonous to other organisms patterns of infections
- small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response
- digests the substance that cements animal cells together
- liquid part of blood, primarily water, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
- any immunity that is acquired through the normal biological experiences of an individual
- monomer, on mast cells; stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils
- monomer, B cell membrane antigen receptor
- antibodies produced against the chickenpox virus will not function against the measles virus
- large glycoprotein molecules that serve as the antigen receptors of B cells
- the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
- the accumulation of fluid in afflicted tissue
- filters blood, stores blood cells, and plays a crucial role in the immune system
- cells surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species, but not in others
- a disease identified by a certain complex of signs and symptoms
- enzymes secreted by microbes that break down and inflict damages on tissues
- antibodies bind to pathogens (like viruses or toxins) and prevent them from damaging or infecting cells
- site of development is red bone marrow
- swollen lymph nodes
- occurs when an individual receives antibodies from another human or animals
Down
- directly into the muscle
- class of bacterial exotoxin that disrupts the cell membrane of red blood cells
- network of conective tissues, provides a passageway between tissues and organs
- digests the protective coating on mucous membranes
- plasma, transports WBC, fats, cell debris
- mature in thymus
- subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient
- a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
- objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer
- prime the immune system for future exposure to virulent pathogen
- shallow injection that delivers the substance into the dermis
- kill phagocytes outright
- organisms coming from the outside of the body
- substances that prompts the generation of antibodies and triggers an immune response
- organisms potential to cause disease
- attachment of antibody to foreign cells and viruses is followed binding of the Fc end to phagocytes
- antigens that evoke allergic reactions
- applied under the skin
- monomer; 80% circulating, cross placenta to fetus, 2 immune response
- DNA complexed to proteins, but not pure DNA
- structural and functional classes of immunoglobulins
- two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat
- bacterial toxins that are potent stimuli for T cells, the result can be overwhelming release of cytokines and cell death
- causes clotting of blood or plasma
- part of a molecule that is recognized by the immune system, antigens have multiple epitopes
- protection from infection obtained through medical procedures such as vaccines and immune serum
- damages the kidneys
- dissolves fibrin clots
- earliest secretion of breast milk, high in IgA that coats the gastrointestinal tract of a nursing infant
- process of which microbes gain a more stable foothold on host tissues
58 Clues: mature in thymus • damages the kidneys • swollen lymph nodes • applied under the skin • dissolves fibrin clots • directly into the muscle • kill phagocytes outright • causes clotting of blood or plasma • organisms potential to cause disease • fuses with enzyme containing lysosome • antigens that evoke allergic reactions • site of development is red bone marrow • ...
Circulatory and Immunity 2025-04-12
Across
- A protein produced by the immune system that binds to
- A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the
- A microorganism (like bacteria, virus, or fungus) that
- and diseases (also part of the immune system).
- liquid component of blood, mostly water, that carries
- and waste products.
- cells, proteins, and other substances.
- transport oxygen.
- A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
- antigens, neutralizing or destroying pathogens.
- A substance (usually a protein or carbohydrate) that
- system, collecting waste and carrying immune cells.
- nutrients, and waste products occurs between blood and
- Blood Cell (Erythrocyte) Blood cells containing hemoglobin
Down
- The fluid that circulates through the body, carrying oxygen,
- An exaggerated immune response to a harmless
- (allergen) such as pollen, dust, or food
- and provide protection against future infection.
- A clear fluid similar to plasma that circulates in the
- parts of them) that stimulates the immune system to produce
- (Thrombocyte) Small blood fragments that help in blood
- A blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the
- an immune response in the body.
- heart.
- cause disease.
- A substance containing weakened or inactive pathogens
- The rhythmic throbbing in arteries caused by the beating of
- Blood Cell (Leukocyte) Blood cells that help the body fight
- Tiny blood vessels with thin walls where the exchange of
29 Clues: heart. • cause disease. • transport oxygen. • and waste products. • an immune response in the body. • cells, proteins, and other substances. • (allergen) such as pollen, dust, or food • An exaggerated immune response to a harmless • and diseases (also part of the immune system). • antigens, neutralizing or destroying pathogens. • and provide protection against future infection. • ...
Immune System Crossword 2012-11-19
Across
- Y-shaped protein that recognize antigen and make them harmless. Key in humoral immunity.
- A category of white blood cells that mature in the bone marrow and are involved with humoral immunity of antibodies.
- A category of white blood cells that mature in the thymus and are involved with cellular immunity.
- The general name of cells in the body involved with defending the immune system.
- The reason why the liquid inside the substance can kill bacteria and why things taste sour.
- Certain type of white blood cell that creates antibodies.
- A type of t-cell that recognizes a germ and calls for help.
- Protein that is a key building block of skin.
Down
- A type of t-cell that hears the call for help and kill the germs.
- A thick, whitish-yellow fluid that made up of dead white blood cells and junk consumed by these white blood cells. It commonly a sign that a foreign or harmful substance has encountered the immune system.
- Certain type of enzyme found in tears that help break down bacteria.
- Certain type of white blood cell that stay in the body after the disease is gone to protect the body from the same harmful substance in the future. If the same germs appear, these cells signal for other cells.
- Germs that cause disease in the human body.
- The type of immunity response involving t-cells and cytotoxic t-cells.
- The process of eating harmful substances by a certain type of white blood cells made in the bone marrow.
- Toxic substance released by pathogen that antibodies bind to.
- The type of immunity response involving antibodies and b-cells.
17 Clues: Germs that cause disease in the human body. • Protein that is a key building block of skin. • Certain type of white blood cell that creates antibodies. • A type of t-cell that recognizes a germ and calls for help. • Toxic substance released by pathogen that antibodies bind to. • The type of immunity response involving antibodies and b-cells. • ...
Health Science Crossword 2022-06-17
Across
- converts dna into protein
- study of diseases
- substance that helps build immunity
- blood protein produced against specific antigens
- unicellular microorganism, cell walls, no organelles
- disease transmitting organism
- body's response to hyperthermia
- medicine that destroys microorganims
Down
- body's response to hypothermia
- blood cell made in bone marrow
- structure/function disorder in animals/plants
- disease which overtakes a country or more
- habitat of infectious agents
- disease causing organism
- resistance to specific infections
- gene editing technology
- toxic substance, produces immune response
- contains instructions for protein creation
- typically consists of nucleic acid, infective
19 Clues: study of diseases • gene editing technology • disease causing organism • converts dna into protein • habitat of infectious agents • disease transmitting organism • body's response to hypothermia • blood cell made in bone marrow • body's response to hyperthermia • resistance to specific infections • substance that helps build immunity • medicine that destroys microorganims • ...
The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15
Across
- / Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
- Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
- / Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
- Cells / T4 Cells
- Blood Cells / <1%
- / Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
- Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
- / Blood Clotting
- Cells / T8 Cells
- / Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
- / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
- / Enlargement of the Spleen
- / How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\
Down
- / Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
- Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue
- / Red Blood Cells
- / Provided by B Cells
- / Hgm
- / Platelets
- / Deficiency of WBC's
- System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
- Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity
- / Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
- / White Blood Cells
- / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
- Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream
26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • / Red Blood Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • Cells / T8 Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Provided by B Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...
Diseases of The Immune System Crossword Puzzle 2025-04-29
Across
- What is expressed by microbes and recognized by cells of the innate immune system
- Only foreign antigens are capable of triggering Type II hypersensitivities
- Congenital or genetic defect in a component of the immune system
- Prolonged Exposure
- Primarily elicit a cell-mediated immune response
- Mediated, Type IV Hypersensitivity
- Capture and display antigens to lymphocytes
- B-lymphocytes
- Cytosolic multiprotein complex
- Complex, Type III Hypersensitivity
- Abnormal response of Immune System
- Primarily elicit a humoral response
- Rejection, Occurs as a result of the recipient recognizing the grafted tissues as foreign
- NOT a form of passive transfer
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Mediated, T-lymphocytes
- Acquired loss of immune function
Down
- Normal response of Immune System
- Protection against microbes
- Result of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction
- Type II Hypersensitivity
- Type I Hypersensitivity
- Adaptive Immunity
- Innate Immunity
- Barriers, Temperature and Tears
- Binding of PAMPs by PPRs triggers
- Not a component of the innate immune system
- Helper T lymphocytes
- Best known of the PPRs
- Barriers, Mucosa and Skin
30 Clues: B-lymphocytes • Innate Immunity • Adaptive Immunity • Prolonged Exposure • Helper T lymphocytes • Best known of the PPRs • Type I Hypersensitivity • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes • Mediated, T-lymphocytes • Type II Hypersensitivity • Barriers, Mucosa and Skin • Protection against microbes • Cytosolic multiprotein complex • NOT a form of passive transfer • Barriers, Temperature and Tears • ...
DISEASE 2025-12-26
Across
- Process of giving antigen to build immunity
- Condition where immune system is weakened
- Bacterium causing food poisoning
- Non-cellular pathogen that needs a host
- Disease not spread from person to person
- Preparation that stimulates immunity
- Disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa
- Organism that transmits pathogens
- Organism in which a pathogen lives
- Protein that helps fight pathogens
- Noncommunicable disease affecting blood sugar
- Sudden outbreak of disease in a community
- Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
- Bacterial disease affecting lungs
- Protozoan parasite that causes malaria
- Organism that can cause infections like ringworm
Down
- Disease outbreak across countries or continents
- Practices that prevent spread of disease
- Disease of uncontrolled cell growth
- Disease that spreads easily from person to person
- Microorganism that causes disease
- Foreign substance that triggers immune response
- Virus that causes AIDS
- Viral disease causing fever and cough
- Insect vector of malaria
- Single-celled organism causing malaria
- Single-celled organism, some cause disease
- Body’s defense against disease
- Bacterial disease spread by contaminated water
- Ability to resist disease
30 Clues: Virus that causes AIDS • Insect vector of malaria • Ability to resist disease • Body’s defense against disease • Bacterium causing food poisoning • Microorganism that causes disease • Organism that transmits pathogens • Bacterial disease affecting lungs • Organism in which a pathogen lives • Protein that helps fight pathogens • Bacterium that causes tuberculosis • ...
Ch 10 Blood & Immune 2022-03-29
Across
- Someone who studies blood
- An X-ray of the lymph node
- Red blood cell
- the study of blood
- disease of the lymph node
- enlargement of the spleen
- someone who studies immunity
- lymph node cell
- inflammation of the spleen
Down
- surgical removal of the tonsils
- surgical removal of the spleen
- the study of immunity
- inflammation of adenoids
- White blood cell
- inflammation of the tonsils
15 Clues: Red blood cell • lymph node cell • White blood cell • the study of blood • the study of immunity • inflammation of adenoids • Someone who studies blood • disease of the lymph node • enlargement of the spleen • An X-ray of the lymph node • inflammation of the spleen • inflammation of the tonsils • someone who studies immunity • surgical removal of the spleen • ...
Pharm 1 Module 3 2025-10-05
Across
- Antibiotic class that causes tooth discoloration in kids.
- Large phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens.
- A resistant gram-positive organism (acronym).
- Beta-lactam antibiotic discovered by Fleming.
- Aminoglycoside antibiotic needing peak/trough monitoring.
- A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Lab test measuring antibody levels.
- Severe skin reaction; can be drug-induced (abbr).
- Immunoglobulin most associated with long-term immunity.
- Systemic antifungal known for nephrotoxicity.
- Humoral cells that produce antibodies.
- Introduces antigens to produce memory B cells.
Down
- Primary drug for TB prophylaxis; hepatotoxic risk.
- Type of vaccine that uses weakened pathogens.
- Cytokine used as an immunostimulant; antiviral properties.
- Related to protection from disease; body's defense state.
- Glycopeptide antibiotic — associated with red man syndrome.
- First-line phagocyte often increased in bacterial infection.
- Cell type involved in cell-mediated immunity.
- System for reporting vaccine adverse events.
- Vaccine made from inactivated bacterial toxin.
- Type of vaccine used for COVID that instructs cells to make proteins.
- Medication regimen for HIV (abbr).
- Type of immunity developed after exposure or vaccination.
24 Clues: Medication regimen for HIV (abbr). • Lab test measuring antibody levels. • Humoral cells that produce antibodies. • System for reporting vaccine adverse events. • A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. • Type of vaccine that uses weakened pathogens. • Large phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens. • A resistant gram-positive organism (acronym). • ...
The Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems by: Lauren Rodriguez 2018-11-15
Across
- / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot
- Blood Cells / <1%
- / Hgm
- / White Blood Cells
- Cells / T4 Cells
- / How many Pints of Blood are in an Adult Body?\
- / Substance that is harmful, or perceived as harmful to the body.
- / Cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
- / Blood Clotting
- / Red Blood Cells
- Node / Catches foreign substances in the body before it enters the blood stream
- System / Removes Waste, Germs, Toxins, Controls Fluid Balance, and Manufactures & Transports Lymph
- Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity
Down
- / Deficiency of WBC's
- / Protein made by the Immune System when the Immune System detects an Antigen.
- Cells / T8 Cells
- / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's
- / Enlargement of the Spleen
- / Disorder of excessive Red Blood Cell Production
- / Contains Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, & Prothrombin - 55%
- / Platelets
- / Acute Illness marked by Increased Atypical Lymphocytes or Monocytes
- Immunity / Phagocytosis, Macrophages & Natural Killer (NK) Cells
- / Provided by B Cells
- Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on either side of the Throat
- Tonsils / Lymphatic Tissue on the Base of the Tongue
26 Clues: / Hgm • / Platelets • / Blood Clotting • Cells / T8 Cells • Cells / T4 Cells • / Red Blood Cells • Blood Cells / <1% • / White Blood Cells • / Deficiency of WBC's • / Provided by B Cells • / Enlargement of the Spleen • / Rupture or Destruction of RBC's • / Inflammation of a Vein caused by a Clot • Immunity / Acquired Active or Passive Immunity • ...
T10 Immunity and Diseases 2025-05-04
Across
- Type of immunity when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease
- Chemical marker on the surface of pathogen
- Physical barrier protecting us from entry of pathogens
- Totally or partially resistant to a particular infectious disease or pathogen.
- White blood cell that engulfs pathogens
- White blood cell that makes anibydoes
Down
- General therm for organism that can cause disease
- Type of immunity gains by vaccination or infection
- Contains a small amount of dead or inactive form of the pathogen
- Made by lymphocytes
- Traps pathogens in nose, throat and airways
- Makes the muscus in airway moving upwards
- Kills microbes in the gut
- Type of immunity acquired from another individual
14 Clues: Made by lymphocytes • Kills microbes in the gut • White blood cell that makes anibydoes • White blood cell that engulfs pathogens • Makes the muscus in airway moving upwards • Chemical marker on the surface of pathogen • Traps pathogens in nose, throat and airways • General therm for organism that can cause disease • Type of immunity acquired from another individual • ...
Lymph and Immunity 2013-11-04
Across
- final five proteins in complement system, embed themselves into the bacteriums membrane
- class of immunity that follows a tetanus shot, and results when the body makes T cells and antibodies following a vaccine
- class of immunity that occur when the body produces antibodies or T cells, follows an infection with measels
- phagocytic white blood cells that congregate in area where invasion is likely
- class of immunity that occurs through breast feeding, and results when the fetus acquires antibodies from the mother
- accumulation of pus within a cavity
- once a bacterium swells it
- is any molecule that triggers an immune response
- first line of defense against infection
- proteins circulating the bloodstream in inactive form
- these mature in the thymus
Down
- fever
- these mature in the bone marrow
- follows an injection for rabies
- destroys foreign cells or host cells that have become infected
- type of immune response that takes longer than the primary immune response
- Helper T cells support an immune attack by secreting this which attracts neutrophils, natural killer cells
- immunoglobins
- lye in the small intestines and prevent microorganisms from breaking into the intestines
- fluid and ______ rush into the bacterium and cause it to swell
20 Clues: fever • immunoglobins • once a bacterium swells it • these mature in the thymus • these mature in the bone marrow • follows an injection for rabies • accumulation of pus within a cavity • first line of defense against infection • is any molecule that triggers an immune response • proteins circulating the bloodstream in inactive form • ...
Infection & immunity & bioenergetics 2018-03-07
Across
- when a white blood cell is fused with a cancer cell
- single celled organism that causes malaria
- proteins made by white blood cells to destroy pathogens
- a protein on the surface membrane of a cell that is recognised as self or non self
- culture medium used to grow bacteria
- something needed for photosynthesis to occur at it's optimum rate (two words no space)
- type of pathogen that causes rose black spot
- general term for something that can cause cancer
- an apparent link or relationship between two factors
Down
- a mineral plants need to make proteins
- a microorganism that can cause disease
- how bacteria replicate (two words no space)
- type of barrier for defence that includes bark, waxy cuticle and leaf fall
- uncontrolled cell growth
- when a disease can be transmitted from one organism to another
- tumours which are contained in one area and do not invade other tissues
- type of pathogen that causes measels
- a mineral plants need to make chlorophyll
- useful product of photosynthesis
- a test for starch
20 Clues: a test for starch • uncontrolled cell growth • useful product of photosynthesis • type of pathogen that causes measels • culture medium used to grow bacteria • a mineral plants need to make proteins • a microorganism that can cause disease • a mineral plants need to make chlorophyll • single celled organism that causes malaria • how bacteria replicate (two words no space) • ...
Infection & immunity & bioenergetics 2018-03-07
Across
- a test for starch
- type of pathogen that causes rose black spot
- a mineral plants need to make chlorophyll
- how bacteria replicate (two words no space)
- an apparent link or relationship between two factors
- single celled organism that causes malaria
- a microorganism that can cause disease
- a protein on the surface membrane of a cell that is recognised as self or non self
- proteins made by white blood cells to destroy pathogens
- useful product of photosynthesis
Down
- type of barrier for defence that includes bark, waxy cuticle and leaf fall
- tumours which are contained in one area and do not invade other tissues
- when a disease can be transmitted from one organism to another
- something needed for photosynthesis to occur at it's optimum rate (two words no space)
- type of pathogen that causes measels
- general term for something that can cause cancer
- when a white blood cell is fused with a cancer cell
- a mineral plants need to make proteins
- uncontrolled cell growth
- culture medium used to grow bacteria
20 Clues: a test for starch • uncontrolled cell growth • useful product of photosynthesis • type of pathogen that causes measels • culture medium used to grow bacteria • a mineral plants need to make proteins • a microorganism that can cause disease • a mineral plants need to make chlorophyll • single celled organism that causes malaria • how bacteria replicate (two words no space) • ...
Blood and immunity 2024-08-23
Across
- the protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation process
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes
- a substance that induces the formation of an antibody
- fragment of large cell
- cell, an immature neutrophil with nucleus in the shape of a band
- a white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm
- condition on blood
- a protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
- elements, the cellular components of blood
- an agranular phagocytic leukocyte
- simple protein found in blood plasma
- globulin, the fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies
- tiny biconve disk without a nuclear
- cell, a mature form of the B cell that produces antibodies
- decrease in
- the liquid portion of the blood
Down
- the state of being protected against disease
- the inactive precursor of fibrin
- blood clotting
- the stoppage of blood
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with acidic dyes
- larger red cell with prominent nucleus that may be segmented or types in straining proterties
- the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system
- a lymhocyte that matures in bone marrow and is producing antibodies.
- the engolfing of foreign material by white blood cells
- a substance that separates into changed particles in solution
- testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood
27 Clues: decrease in • blood clotting • condition on blood • the stoppage of blood • fragment of large cell • the liquid portion of the blood • the inactive precursor of fibrin • an agranular phagocytic leukocyte • tiny biconve disk without a nuclear • simple protein found in blood plasma • elements, the cellular components of blood • the state of being protected against disease • ...
Blood and Immunity 2023-04-15
Across
- depression of the immune response
- an enzyme that dissolves clots
- the liquid portion of the blood
- abbreviation for red blood cell/count
- a thrombocyte
- immunity acquired during life
- white blood cell
- malignant overgrowth of leukoblasts
- a blood platelet
- threads that trap blood cells and plasma
- epinephrine
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- a congenital or acquired failure of the immune system
- the stoppage of bleeding
- abbreviation for white blood cell/ count
Down
- the rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
- an agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation
- red blood cell
- plasma enzymes that interact with antibodies
- immunity that is inborn
- a pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin
- deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- a hereditary blood disease caused by lack of clotting factor
- hypersensitivity
- a collection of blood under the skin due to leakage from small vessels
- an anticoagulant
- human immunodeficiency virus
- the precursor of fibrin
- adrenaline
- any failure in the immune system
- presence of microorganisms in the blood
- a drug used to treat allergic reactions
32 Clues: adrenaline • epinephrine • a thrombocyte • red blood cell • hypersensitivity • white blood cell • an anticoagulant • a blood platelet • immunity that is inborn • the precursor of fibrin • the stoppage of bleeding • human immunodeficiency virus • immunity acquired during life • an enzyme that dissolves clots • the liquid portion of the blood • any failure in the immune system • ...
Immunity Crossword Puzzle 2025-03-21
Across
- A protein produced by the body to fight off foreign substances (antigens).
- A substance (like a virus or bacteria) that triggers an immune response.
- The process of making an individual resistant to a specific disease
- A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.
- the process of administering a vaccine, a preparation that stimulates the body's immune system
- Temporary protection from a disease that is acquired by receiving pre-formed antibodies from another source
- An organ where T cells (a type of white blood cell) mature.
- Node: Small, bean-shaped organs that filter lymph fluid and contain immune cells.
- A condition in which the body's immune system mistakes its own healthy tissues as foreign and attacks them
- The spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells, including immune cells, are produced.
Down
- A condition in which the body's immune system mistakes its own healthy tissues as foreign and attacks them
- A type of immune cell that helps bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems.
- A branch of the adaptive immune system that involves the activation and activity of immune cells
- Occurs when the majority of a population develops immunity against a contagious disease either through vaccination
- Blood Cell (Leukocyte): Cells that are part of the immune system, fighting off infections.
- A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in cell-mediated immunity.
- A specialized part of the immune system that develops after exposure to a specific antigen
- The body's defense system that protects against disease.
- The resistance to a disease or pathogen acquired by the body's own immune system after exposure to a foreign antigen,
- An infectious agent that can cause disease in a host organism
- A protein that is made by B cells and plasma cells (types of white blood cells) and helps the body fight infection
21 Clues: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. • The body's defense system that protects against disease. • An organ where T cells (a type of white blood cell) mature. • An infectious agent that can cause disease in a host organism • The process of making an individual resistant to a specific disease • ...
micro immunity project 2025-04-09
Across
- protein produced by B cells to neutrizalize antigens
- GULT
- thin, yellow milk
- disease that's developed in a health facility
- individuals afflicted with infectious diseases
- transmit infectious agent to another host
- makes microbes more recognized by phagocytes
- Microorganism that causes disease
- Degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
- Condition where the immune system's ability to fight infections is impaired
- filter out old red blood cells
- diherra
- major histocompatibility complex
- special type of antibody
- IVIG
- measures the number of new cases
- B
- antigen presenting cells
- first patient found in an epidemiological investigation
- spread of disease in a defined population
- existing cases in a given population
- divide pathogenic microbes into two groups
- T
- disease that are reported at irregular
Down
- immunity to smallpox virus
- disease transmitted from animals to humans
- Isolation to prevent the spread of infectious disease
- renders microbes immobile
- digest milk
- human microbiome project
- a liquid consisting of blood cells
- human parasite
- ECF
- increase white blood cells
- PNS
- Mononuclear phagocyte system
- Disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area
- decrease level of white blood cells
- human leukocyte antigen
- GBS
- CNS
- provide protection against infection
- a type of phagocytes
- immune system defense
- Time between exposure to a pathogen and the appearance of symptom
- producing immunity through vaccines
- color of cell
- measures the total number of deaths in a population
- normal biota
- inflammation of meninges
50 Clues: B • T • ECF • PNS • GBS • CNS • GULT • IVIG • diherra • digest milk • normal biota • color of cell • human parasite • thin, yellow milk • a type of phagocytes • immune system defense • human leukocyte antigen • human microbiome project • special type of antibody • inflammation of meninges • antigen presenting cells • renders microbes immobile • immunity to smallpox virus • increase white blood cells • ...
Micro-immunity assignment 2025-04-01
Across
- An elevated body temperature as a response to infection.
- A preparation used to stimulate an immune response.
- A viral disease affecting the nervous system, often transmitted by animal bites.
- Involving multiple types of microorganisms.
- Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues.
- A viral infection causing swelling of the salivary glands.
- A viral disease that can cause paralysis.
- An organ involved in filtering blood and immune response.
- Tooth decay caused by bacterial activity.
- Movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.
- Small red or purple spots caused by bleeding into the skin.
- Substances that induce fever.
- Lymphoid tissue located at the back of the throat.
- Immunity acquired through vaccines or immunotherapy.
- The pioneer of the smallpox vaccine.
- Small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier.
- A protozoan parasite causing intestinal infections.
- A type of white blood cell involved in producing antibodies.
- An inflammatory disorder of the intestine causing severe diarrhea.
- To cause the destruction of red blood cells.
- A class of proteins in the blood, including antibodies.
- The process of eliminating self-reactive lymphocytes.
- A bacterium causing pneumonia and other infections.
- A serious gum infection damaging gums and bones.
- A bacterium that causes meningitis.
- A genus of bacteria that causes food poisoning.
- A thin film or layer, often referring to bacterial growth.
- A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Down
- Enzymes secreted by a cell that function outside of that cell.
- A genus of bacteria known for its role in fermentation.
- A genus of bacteria that can cause foodborne illness.
- A viral infection affecting the liver.
- A viral infection causing sores on the mouth or genitals.
- A network of cells that plays a crucial role in the immune system, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.
- Originating from outside the organism.
- The ability of an organism to cause disease.
- A group of genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the immune system to recognize foreign substances and distinguish self from non-self
- A reduction in the number of white blood cells.
- Large phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens.
- Meningitis occurring in newborns.
- An immunoglobulin found in mucous membranes.
- A biological response to harmful stimuli.
- A genus of bacteria that causes gastrointestinal infections.
- The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species.
- A type of fungal spore formed by fragmentation.
- The body's largest organ, serving as a protective barrier.
- A molecular structure or molecules that are shared by most pathogenic bacteria and some viruses
- Antibodies produced by plasma cells.
- The community of microorganisms normally present in a particular environment.
- Fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
50 Clues: Substances that induce fever. • Meningitis occurring in newborns. • A bacterium that causes meningitis. • The pioneer of the smallpox vaccine. • Antibodies produced by plasma cells. • A viral infection affecting the liver. • Originating from outside the organism. • A viral disease that can cause paralysis. • Tooth decay caused by bacterial activity. • ...
Innate immunity, Complement 2021-03-17
Across
- membrane attack complex, shortcut
- they are involved in classical complement pathway
- non-self microbial structures, eg.LPS, shortcut
- they are involved in lectin complement pathway
- C3a or C5a
- quick pathway of complement activation
- class of antibodies involved in classical complement pathway
- the region of the antibody to which C1q binds
- C3b
- antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells
- molecular shape; antibody changes it after the antigen binds
Down
- C3a, C5a & C4a
- acute phase protein involved in the classical complement pathway
- bactericidal enzyme found in secretions
- lectin produced in liver, found in serum
- spaniel, a breed of dog with C3 deficiency
- cells degranulated by C3a and C5a
- most abundant serum component of the complement system
- this is where the complement proteins are made
- Gram-.... bacteria are resistant to complement
- immunity found in invertebrates and vertebrates
21 Clues: C3b • C3a or C5a • C3a, C5a & C4a • membrane attack complex, shortcut • cells degranulated by C3a and C5a • quick pathway of complement activation • bactericidal enzyme found in secretions • lectin produced in liver, found in serum • spaniel, a breed of dog with C3 deficiency • the region of the antibody to which C1q binds • they are involved in lectin complement pathway • ...
Blood and Immunity 2023-01-09
Across
- the engulfing of foreign material
- white blood cell
- a formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis
- inborn defense mechanisms, nonspecific
- a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes
- deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- the fluid that circulates through the cardiovascular system
- a simple protein found in blood plasma
- the iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports energy
- cellular components of blood
- the stoppage of bleeding
- a substance that causes an allergic response
Down
- a red blood cell
- granular leukocyte that stains strongly with acidic dyes
- substance that separates charged particles
- a white blood cell that does not have visible granules inn its cytoplasm
- liquid portion of blood
- the rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
- a protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
- acquired during life and is specific
- protection against disease
- an immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band
- blood clotting
- the protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation process
- a granular leukocyte that stains weakly with both acidic and basic dyes
- a substance that induces the formation of an antibody
26 Clues: blood clotting • a red blood cell • white blood cell • liquid portion of blood • the stoppage of bleeding • protection against disease • cellular components of blood • the engulfing of foreign material • acquired during life and is specific • inborn defense mechanisms, nonspecific • a simple protein found in blood plasma • substance that separates charged particles • ...
Lymphatics and Immunity 2022-09-18
Across
- A structure that recirculates lymph from the lymphatic circulation into the bloodstream, originating at T12 and ending at the root of the neck. (8,4)
- A bi-lobed gland that is roughly triangular in shape and is the site for maturation of T cells. (6)
- Disease that results in swelling of the arms or legs due to blockage of the lymphatic system. (10)
- Fluid that surrounds the cells of the body. (12,5)
- A clear to white fluid made up of white blood cells, especially lymphocytes. (5)
- The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue
- A Substance secreted by glands and deposited on the surface of the epidermal cells, where it makes a protective barrier against pathogens. (5)
- Pump that is maintained by pressure changes that occur during inhalation. (11,4)
- Part of a B cell clone. (6,5)
- Organs that play an important role in the immune system. (7)
- Produced in response to sickness. (11)
- Immunity present at birth. (6)
- Results in the body producing specific antibodies or T cells.(6)
- Inflammation of the lymphatic system (12)
Down
- Disorder in which there is a high lymphocyte count. (13)
- Lymphatic tissue where B cells and T cells carry out immune responses. (5,4)
- A common co-stimulator. (11, number)
- Performed by cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and B cells. (12)
- Disease causing organisms (9)
- Referring to lymph nodes in the neck area. (8)
- A non-specific defence response to tissue damage, symptoms include redness and swelling. (12)
- An elevated body temperature that forms part of the second line of defense. (5)
- A group of proteins released in response to the entry of some viruses. (11)
- A cancer of the bone marrow, resulting in the formation of too many white blood cells. (8)
- Located along lymphatic vessels. (5,5)
- The ability to use the body's defences to ward off damage or disease. (8)
- A substance the spleen stores. (5)
- A type of cancer in the lymphatic system. (8)
- Egg shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that are not encapsulated. (5,7)
- A substance kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth. (13)
30 Clues: Disease causing organisms (9) • Part of a B cell clone. (6,5) • Immunity present at birth. (6) • A substance the spleen stores. (5) • A common co-stimulator. (11, number) • Located along lymphatic vessels. (5,5) • Produced in response to sickness. (11) • Inflammation of the lymphatic system (12) • The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue • ...
Atlasov Island 2020-05-31
Across
- 10th Voted Out
- 9th Voted Out
- 11th Voted Out
- Won The Final Immunity Challenge
- Facing Chloe in Fire
- 12th Voted Out
- 16th Voted Out
Down
- Facing Andrew in Fire
- 15th Voted Out
- 14th Voted Out
- 13th Voted Out
- 17th Voted Out
- Came Second in the Final Immunity Challenge
13 Clues: 9th Voted Out • 10th Voted Out • 15th Voted Out • 14th Voted Out • 11th Voted Out • 13th Voted Out • 17th Voted Out • 12th Voted Out • 16th Voted Out • Facing Chloe in Fire • Facing Andrew in Fire • Won The Final Immunity Challenge • Came Second in the Final Immunity Challenge
Module 12 Lymphatic System 2020-02-25
Across
- Chemicals that promote fever by acting on the hypothalamus
- Tonsils become inflamed and abnormally large
- Groups of lymphocytes and macrophages that provide immune protection
- Watery liquid formed from interstitial fluid and found in lymph vessels
- A buildup of excess interstitial fluid in the tissues, which leads to swelling
- Location where rapid mitosis of lymphocytes takes place in response to foreign invaders
- Porous blind beginnings of lymphatic vessels
- Scattered lymphocytes, macrophages and other cells found deep to mucous membranes
- Second line of of innate defense, that results in an increased blood flow to an injury
- Information containing unit of either DNA or RNA that is wrapped in its own protein coat but not its own cellular machinery
- Innate immunity
- An immune response targeted at a specific pathogen or toxin after exposure
- Acquired immunity provided by antibodies in the blood plasma
- Harmful chemicals that are foreign to the body, not chemicals, viruses, or cancer
Down
- Proteins secreted by cells infected with a virus, These proteins do not save the infected cell, but they stimulate nearby cells to strengthen themselves against a viral invasion
- A series of about 30 plasma proteins activated by foreign cells or antibodies to those cells. They lyse bacteria, promote phagocytosis and promote inflammation
- Originate in the red bone marrow, but mature in the thymus gland
- Lymphatic tissue arranged into compact, somewhat spherical structures, but without a capsule
- Acquired immunity provided by T lymphocytes
- The process by which the body protects itself from pathogenic invaders such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and foreign substances
- Harmless bacteria that do you no damage and can even benefit you, can give you sinus infections and infected cuts
- Tropical disease in which the legs swell and become huge because of edema
- A type of immunity that is not good in which the body can not differentiate between the MCH of it's own cells and that of others
- Lymphocytes that attack tumor cells and virus-infected cells
- First line of innate immunity an example would be bacteria that live in your large intestine that produce Vitamin K
- Acquired immunity
- Concentration of lymphatic tissue without a connective tissue capsule
- An immune response that is the same regardless of the pathogen or toxin encountered
- Our own cells that have been genetically damaged and can no longer control their function, they perform uncomtrolled mitosis
- Encapsulated masses of lymphatic tissue found along lymph vessels
30 Clues: Innate immunity • Acquired immunity • Acquired immunity provided by T lymphocytes • Tonsils become inflamed and abnormally large • Porous blind beginnings of lymphatic vessels • Chemicals that promote fever by acting on the hypothalamus • Lymphocytes that attack tumor cells and virus-infected cells • Acquired immunity provided by antibodies in the blood plasma • ...
Immunity and Infection 2012-11-29
Across
- Involves an inanimate object
- Created by B-cells
- Number of phases within immune response
- Number of links within chain of infection
- Final stage of immune response
- Microorganism that causes disease
- Portal of exit mechanism
- Cell type that displays antigen information
- Condition when immune system attacks own body
- Person, animal, or environmental component
Down
- Produce own antibodies
- Cell-mediated response
- Cell type that is part of acquired immunity
- Consumes cellular debris
- Non-self marker
- Isolate an infected person
- Portal of entry mechanism
- Physical barrier
- Person A to Person B
- Other term to describe natural immune system
20 Clues: Non-self marker • Physical barrier • Created by B-cells • Person A to Person B • Produce own antibodies • Cell-mediated response • Consumes cellular debris • Portal of exit mechanism • Portal of entry mechanism • Isolate an infected person • Involves an inanimate object • Final stage of immune response • Microorganism that causes disease • Number of phases within immune response • ...
Blood and Immunity 2014-03-18
Across
- the clear liquid found in blood
- disease caused by too many RBCs
- an increased number of WBCs
- uniquely shaped to "fit" certain antigens
- another name for WBC
- disease that is treated with a blood transfusion
- a protein found on the outside of the cell that allows to body to tell what belongs and what is foreign
- blood type that contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
- proteins that protect the body form foreign antigens
- this is what the machine is called that makes the blood in a vial separate
- a serum given to Rh- mothers to prevent them from rejecting their second Rh+ fetus
Down
- caused by a decreased number of WBCs
- the living part of blood
- another name for "clumping together"
- the protein found within RBCs that allows for oxygen transport
- number of types of erythrocytes
- region of an antibody that helps differentiate between types of antibodies
- comparable to the teeth of a key
- another name for RBC
- antibody naturally found in people with type A blood
- disease caused by the decreased oxygen-carrying ability of blood
21 Clues: another name for RBC • another name for WBC • the living part of blood • an increased number of WBCs • the clear liquid found in blood • disease caused by too many RBCs • number of types of erythrocytes • comparable to the teeth of a key • caused by a decreased number of WBCs • another name for "clumping together" • uniquely shaped to "fit" certain antigens • ...
Immunity/Graft Crossword 2021-03-05
Across
- This is a type of immunity that is antibody mediated
- ____________ humoral response is when the lymphocytes multiply rapidly to form an army of identical cells called clones
- this is a type of immunity that is when you temporarily "borrow" antibodies
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from an unknown person and given to the recipient
- this is another name for an antibody
- this is used to prevent rejection of a grafts with the use of corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, and radiation therapy
- this type of response is much faster and more effective than primary response
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from one site and placed in another on the same person.
- ___________ _____________ this is activated by the binding of an antigen to an immature b-cell which then sensitizes it.
- this is an injection, with small pieces of virus DNA, that helps to build immunity
Down
- this is a type of immunity that is cell mediated
- this is the clumping of foreign cells
- this is when your own body recognizes and fights antigens by itself
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from a person who is genetically identical to the recipient
- this is the first component of antibody function; it is the main antibody ammunition that is activated during non-specific defense
- this is the name used to remember the 5 different immunoglobulins
- these are cells that originate from b-cells and produce antibodies at a rate of 2000 per second
- this is a type of protein that increases body temperature and metabolic rate
- b-cells that don't become plasma cells become this......
- this is the second component to antibody function which occurs when the antibodies bind to the specific sites of toxic chemicals
- this occurs when the antibody/antigen clumps settle out of a solution to be captured easier
- this is a type of tissue graft that is taken from and animal of a different species
22 Clues: this is another name for an antibody • this is the clumping of foreign cells • this is a type of immunity that is cell mediated • This is a type of immunity that is antibody mediated • b-cells that don't become plasma cells become this...... • this is the name used to remember the 5 different immunoglobulins • ...
Blood and immunity 2023-11-13
Across
- blood
- complete blood count
- adrenaline
- blood clotting
- thrombocyte
- red blood cell
- hypersensitivity
- localized collection of blood
- red blood count
- based on genetic makeup
- bleeding time
- hemoglobin
- liquid portion of the blood
- formation
- immunity
- condition of blood
- acquired during life and is directed a particular disease organism
Down
- deficiency in number of platelets
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- white blood cells that hove no distinct granules in their cytoplasm
- group of plasma enzymes that interacts with antibodies
- white blood count
- a substance that induces the formation of an antibody
- human immunodeficiency virus
- new and abnormal growth of tissue
- white blood cell
- decrease in
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- stoppage of bleeding
- malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells
- blood clot
- partial thromboplastin time
- bone marrow
- cell that can present antigen in a form that T cells can recognize
- deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin
35 Clues: blood • immunity • formation • adrenaline • blood clot • hemoglobin • thrombocyte • decrease in • bone marrow • bleeding time • blood clotting • red blood cell • red blood count • white blood cell • hypersensitivity • white blood count • condition of blood • complete blood count • stoppage of bleeding • based on genetic makeup • partial thromboplastin time • liquid portion of the blood • ...
Biology Bingo Immunity 2024-03-08
Across
- The bodies defense to fight off viruses
- The body memory system storing information on past infections
- Second barrier against harmful Bactria
- The bodies personalized defense team
- The bodies personalize defense system
- Initial barrier against harmful Bactria
- The bodies memory keepers creating antibodies
- providing protection for the body through vaccines
- Troublemakers that trigger the immune system
Down
- The body defense against harmful bacteria and viruses
- The bodies coordinators directing their response to target specific invaders
- temporary protection borrowed from another source
- The body's natural defense agonist harmful Bactria and viruses
- A viruses aggressive takeover stragity
- protection being provided through vaccines or treatments
- A hidden defense mechanism agonist viruses
- Final and strongest barrier to fight agonist harmful Bactria
- The clean up crew of the immune system
- The harmful bacteria becomes tough and can withstand antibiotics
- bacteria that can affect the cells and cause the organisms to get sick
20 Clues: The bodies personalized defense team • The bodies personalize defense system • Second barrier against harmful Bactria • A viruses aggressive takeover stragity • The clean up crew of the immune system • The bodies defense to fight off viruses • Initial barrier against harmful Bactria • A hidden defense mechanism agonist viruses • ...
Blood and Immunity 2023-03-05
Across
- is harmful overreaction of the immune system
- is about 90% water
- abbreviation for white blood count
- a tumor of the blood-forming tissue in the bone marrow
- results from bone marrow destruction and affects all blood cells
- an immature neutrophil with a solid curved nucleus
- the protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation
- erythrocyte is the scientific term for
- hem/o, hemat/o
- the prevention of blood loss, which includes the process of blood clotting
- a white blood cell
- the inactive precursor of fibrin
- a simple protein found in blood plasma
- the stoppage of bleeding
Down
- is a hereditary disease that appears mostly in mediterranean populations
- blood clotting
- is a hereditary deficiency of a specific clotting factor
- a mature form of B cell that produces antibodies
- clot thromb/o
- substances produced by immune cells that counteract microorganisms and other foreign materials are called
- mature in bone marrow
- a deficiency of hemoglobin results in the disease called
- a mutation alters the hemoglobin
- a neoplastic overgrowth of white blood cells is called
- abbreviation for red blood count
- a substance that provokes an immune response
- the plasma that remains after blood coagulates is
- platelets of thrombocytes are involved in
- stain weakly with both acidic and basic dyes
- complete blood count
- is protection against disease
- the white blood cells active in immunity are the
- a blood platelet
33 Clues: clot thromb/o • blood clotting • hem/o, hemat/o • a blood platelet • is about 90% water • a white blood cell • complete blood count • mature in bone marrow • the stoppage of bleeding • is protection against disease • a mutation alters the hemoglobin • abbreviation for red blood count • the inactive precursor of fibrin • abbreviation for white blood count • ...
Blood and Immunity 2023-04-15
Across
- depression of the immune response
- an enzyme that dissolves clots
- the liquid portion of the blood
- abbreviation for red blood cell/count
- a thrombocyte
- immunity acquired during life
- white blood cell
- malignant overgrowth of leukoblasts
- a blood platelet
- threads that trap blood cells and plasma
- epinephrine
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- a congenital or acquired failure of the immune system
- the stoppage of bleeding
- abbreviation for white blood cell/ count
Down
- the rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
- an agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation
- red blood cell
- plasma enzymes that interact with antibodies
- immunity that is inborn
- a pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin
- deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- a hereditary blood disease caused by lack of clotting factor
- hypersensitivity
- a collection of blood under the skin due to leakage from small vessels
- an anticoagulant
- human immunodeficiency virus
- the precursor of fibrin
- adrenaline
- any failure in the immune system
- presence of microorganisms in the blood
- a drug used to treat allergic reactions
32 Clues: adrenaline • epinephrine • a thrombocyte • red blood cell • hypersensitivity • white blood cell • an anticoagulant • a blood platelet • immunity that is inborn • the precursor of fibrin • the stoppage of bleeding • human immunodeficiency virus • immunity acquired during life • an enzyme that dissolves clots • the liquid portion of the blood • any failure in the immune system • ...
Survivor Trivia 2024-02-20
Across
- When two tribes join together
- The tribe with the hex code #77dd77
- You lost immunity, I guess you have to go to...
- I am safe tonight!
- The tool that contains your life
- Oh no! I didn't expect you to go home!
Down
- What you write the name of your target on
- If you don't have an immunity necklace, here is the next best thing!
- In this game, what represents life?
- What org are we in?
- The tribe with the hex code #FA8072
- Where you place your vote in
12 Clues: I am safe tonight! • What org are we in? • Where you place your vote in • When two tribes join together • The tool that contains your life • In this game, what represents life? • The tribe with the hex code #77dd77 • The tribe with the hex code #FA8072 • Oh no! I didn't expect you to go home! • What you write the name of your target on • ...
M4 CYA Crossword 2025-06-12
Across
- epidemic that is worldwide (ex. HIV)
- immunity to one agent that provides immunity to another agent
- most commonly reported STI in the US
- animal or human that harbors a disease-causing agent
- disease that continues to be present in a specific area or population
Down
- disease that exceeds the expected frequency in a community
- a factor that contributes or causes a health condition
- primary prevention example that provides herd immunity
- all people with a specific condition at a specific time
- number of people that develop a disease in a given time
10 Clues: epidemic that is worldwide (ex. HIV) • most commonly reported STI in the US • animal or human that harbors a disease-causing agent • a factor that contributes or causes a health condition • primary prevention example that provides herd immunity • all people with a specific condition at a specific time • number of people that develop a disease in a given time • ...
Diseases Vocabulary 2023-02-06
Across
- The condition of suffering from a disease
- signs Medical assessment during a physical exam
- to determine the cause of a patients symptoms
- Being resistant to a specific disease
- Any evidence or manifestation of an illness
- A disease or condition that affects most of the world
- A set of symptoms or signs associated with a specific disease
- A specific cause of disease
- An outbreak of disease that affects a large group of people in a specific area
- Immunity which results from the production of antibodies by the immune system
Down
- The Study of origin, distribution, and causes of a disease
- Short term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies (vaccines)
- A lessening of severity or disappearance of symptoms
- Any change in the body as felt by the patient
- A predicted outcome of a disease
- A recurrence of symptoms after recovery
- The condition of being dead or the number of deaths in a population
- A disease found in a specific population or region of the world
18 Clues: A specific cause of disease • A predicted outcome of a disease • Being resistant to a specific disease • A recurrence of symptoms after recovery • The condition of suffering from a disease • Any evidence or manifestation of an illness • to determine the cause of a patients symptoms • Any change in the body as felt by the patient • ...
Chapter 9-11 2024-10-21
Across
- Process which pathogens spread.
- Extent to where a pathogen is able to cause disease or cause damage.
- rigid, flexible supporting materials containing high proportion of collagen fibers.
- Immunity resulting from an individual’s own immune system.
- Ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic effects.
Down
- Mechanism that moves air into and out of the lungs in inhalation and exhalation.
- Y shaped molecules made up of 4 polypeptide chains and 2 identical long chains.
- Tissue capable of contraction.
- Main biological measure to prevent a person developing diseases.
- Layers of large, thin, flattened cells.
- Ability to resist the effect of pathogen and doesn’t become ill.
- Flexible airway supported by pieces of cartilages.
- Destroys other microorganisms or inhabit their growth.
- Immunity acquired from another source.
- Kills body cells infected to a foreign material.
15 Clues: Tissue capable of contraction. • Process which pathogens spread. • Immunity acquired from another source. • Layers of large, thin, flattened cells. • Kills body cells infected to a foreign material. • Ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic effects. • Flexible airway supported by pieces of cartilages. • Destroys other microorganisms or inhabit their growth. • ...
COLOFERRIN 2020-09-10
Across
- microbes
- water soluble vitamins
- vitamin A
- major minerals
- immunity transferred from mother to baby
- factors
- fat soluble vitamins
Down
- trace minerals
- capability of the body to fight infection
- vitamin D
- antibacterial and antiviral
11 Clues: factors • microbes • vitamin D • vitamin A • trace minerals • major minerals • fat soluble vitamins • water soluble vitamins • antibacterial and antiviral • immunity transferred from mother to baby • capability of the body to fight infection
microbe 2022-07-14
Across
- Test where intradermal injection of diluted diphtheria toxin is given in order to determine susceptible to diphtheria
- Ziehl-Neelsen stain is the most common technique used to identify _____.
- Bacteria that is cultured in Thayer-Martin agar
- Tinea Versicolor is due to overgrowth of _________
- Leptospira Interrogans can cause __________
- _____ can cause Hansen's disease (leprosy)
- Candida sp can produce ________
Down
- True pathogen of Enterobacteriaceae
- The pioneer species of oral epithelium is _________
- _____ is the only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus
- Candida albican needs _____ to invade
- The first line body defense is ______ immunity
- A gram -ve spiral rod shaped bacteria
- _____ action is when a cytokine binds to receptors of the same cell that secreted it
- _____ are small secreted proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation and hematopoiesis
15 Clues: Candida sp can produce ________ • True pathogen of Enterobacteriaceae • Candida albican needs _____ to invade • A gram -ve spiral rod shaped bacteria • _____ can cause Hansen's disease (leprosy) • Leptospira Interrogans can cause __________ • The first line body defense is ______ immunity • Bacteria that is cultured in Thayer-Martin agar • ...
Animal Science 2025-12-15
Across
- any organism causing a disease
- Multiply rapidly without a host
- Immunity- occurs from injection of
- ability of a body to protect from infection or disease
- Greek for first animal
Down
- Need a host to survive
- Live in air, soil, plants, and water
- Immunity- produced by the animals body
- from outside the body.
- humans and animals can catch it
10 Clues: Need a host to survive • from outside the body. • Greek for first animal • any organism causing a disease • Multiply rapidly without a host • humans and animals can catch it • Immunity- occurs from injection of • Live in air, soil, plants, and water • Immunity- produced by the animals body • ability of a body to protect from infection or disease