cells Crossword Puzzles

Blood_Vik_Biologie2020 2020-04-16

Across

Do white blood cells have nuclei?
White blood cells produce ...
Blood clotting
The process by which blood cells are formed
Platelets are also called…
The cellular elements are ... replaced throughout a persons life.
Platelets are used for the … ,when wounded.
The blood type-O has no ...
Red blood cells are also called...
The plasma mainly contains water, proteins and ...
B and T cells are also called...
Loss from 15%-30% of blood results in ...

Down

Blood contains ... such as insulin or adrenalin.
White blood cells are also called...
You have to be at least ... to donate blood.
Blood has two main components cellular elements and ...
Red blood cells contain...
Red blood cells transport...
When a clot forms and blocks a vessel, it is called a ...
There are 2.5 ... erythrocytes made per second.
Blood ... should,generally speaking,not be mixed.
90% of the plasma is...
Low platelet count
The largest white blood cells are called...
Clotting involves ... stages.
White blood cells ... the body.

26 Clues: Blood clotting • Low platelet count • 90% of the plasma is... • Platelets are also called… • Red blood cells contain... • The blood type-O has no ... • Red blood cells transport... • White blood cells produce ... • Clotting involves ... stages. • White blood cells ... the body. • B and T cells are also called... • Do white blood cells have nuclei? • Red blood cells are also called... • ...

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology 2020-04-20

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology crossword puzzle

Across

/ linking together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis
facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells
/ glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens
/ the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
Serum fraction containing Ab. Can be given to a person as a treatment against a specific antigen
/the generic term for serum because it contains antibodies ( Ab).
/ The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
/ Occur when T and/or B cells are activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins
/Involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms

Down

antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis
/ Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn.
antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement
/ Involves TH cells (TH2 ), B cells (plasma cells), antibodies.Produces antibodies to destroy invaders.
not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs
/ Involves TH cells (TH1), TC cells, phagocytes. Destroys infected host cells.
/ first Ab produced in response to infection (primary response)
/ Likely to be the first type of antibody an invading microbe would encounter because it is present in mucous membranes (secreted).
/ On B cells, initiate immune response with their B cells
/ binding to toxins or viruses or bacterial cells to prevent their binding their host cell targets
/ a molecule that is recognized as non-self by the immune system.

20 Clues: antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement • / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn. • antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis • facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells • / glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens • not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs • ...

Immune and Lymphatic Systems 2018-11-14

Immune and Lymphatic Systems crossword puzzle

Across

Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood
Immunity Is the type of immunity with which you were born
Cells Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed
cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
Red blood cells
Proteins that act as antibodies
Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system

Down

Substance that is harmful
active immunity Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen
cells Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Disease-causing microor-ganism
White blood cells
Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
Large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
Plays an important role in blood clotting
Blood platelets
Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
Key protein involved in blood clotting
Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma

23 Clues: Red blood cells • Blood platelets • White blood cells • Substance that is harmful • Disease-causing microor-ganism • Proteins that act as antibodies • Cells that destroy harmful pathogens • Key protein involved in blood clotting • Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei • Plays an important role in blood clotting • cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them • ...

Immune and Lymphatic Systems 2018-11-14

Across

cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
Disease-causing microor-ganism
Substance that is harmful
Red blood cells
Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
active immunity Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen
Immunity Is the type of immunity with which you were born
Proteins that act as antibodies
cells Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
Large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma
A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
Blood platelets

Down

Key protein involved in blood clotting
Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system
Plays an important role in blood clotting
White blood cells
Cells Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed
When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood

Acronym List SA 2022-10-01

Across

Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
cell, B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria that can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Human immunodeficiency virus
Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans

Down

Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
immune response
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
cell, Natural killer cell: large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
Cell adhesion molecule
Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
Cell-mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
Membrane attack complex: the end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in the pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

32 Clues: immune response • Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells • Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Adaptive Immunity 2022-09-27

Across

Effector Th1 CD4 cell subset produce IFN gamma, activate macrophages and stimulate IgG production.
CD8+ cells recognize intracellular antigens presented on ________ surface molecule.
Helper T cells that prime and coordinated CD8 and B cells.
Effector Th2 CD4 cell subset that produce IL-4 and IL-13 and activates alternative macrophages that dampen inflammatory responses.
Changing of the immunoglobulin (Ig) class produced by the B cell.
Antibody coated infected cells are recognized by NK cells and kill.
Antibodies that interact with virus at the host receptor site and blocks viral entry.

Down

Antibody mediated phagocytosis of microbes.
_______ cells produce antibodies that mediate protective immunity.
Cells that present antigens & prime adaptive response.
Hallmark of adaptive immunity.
Immunity type mediated by B cells.
Is a major antiviral immunoglobulin
CD4+ cells recognize extracellular antigens presented on ___________ surface molecule.
Antibodies that perform effector functions at sites distant from the production site.
Activated CD8+ cells that produce Perforin/Granzyme to kill infected cells.
Secretory antibody that have access to mucosal surfaces.
Presentation of ______ occurs in lymph nodes and mucosa.
T and B cells receptor ________ emerge from random gene rearrangement and selection.

19 Clues: Hallmark of adaptive immunity. • Immunity type mediated by B cells. • Is a major antiviral immunoglobulin • Antibody mediated phagocytosis of microbes. • Cells that present antigens & prime adaptive response. • Secretory antibody that have access to mucosal surfaces. • Presentation of ______ occurs in lymph nodes and mucosa. • ...

A2.2 Cell structure, B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport, D2.3 Osmosis and water potential, D2.1 Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis 2024-05-28

A2.2 Cell structure, B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport, D2.3 Osmosis and water potential, D2.1 Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis crossword puzzle

Across

Term describing the organized internal structure of eukaryotic cells
Process of nuclear division producing genetically identical cells
Movement of water molecules across membranes
Describes proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer of membranes
Organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Solution where there is no net movement of water into or out of a cell
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells
Long, whip-like structures for cell motility
Organelle containing DNA in eukaryotic cells
Splitting of cytoplasm during cell division
Term describing DNA without histone proteins in prokaryotes
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism
Cells with structures like cell wall, naked DNA, and 70S ribosomes
Pressure in plant cells due to water in a hypotonic environment
Shrinkage of plant cells in a hypertonic environment
Short, hair-like structures for movement or sensory functions
‘_____ S’ – a type of ribosome found in eukaryotic cells (spell the number)
Error in meiosis leading to conditions like Down syndrome
Lipid bilayer enclosing the cell
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
Rigid structure surrounding plant, fungal, and some bacterial cells
Solution with lower solute concentration causing water to enter cells
‘_____ S’ – a type of ribosome found in prokaryotic cells (spell the number)
Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Allow specific ions to pass through membranes by facilitated diffusion

Down

Process of expelling material from the cell by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane
Region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located
Lipid bilayer forming the cell boundary
Proteins with carbohydrate chains involved in cell recognition
Network of microtubules and microfilaments providing cell structure
Solution with higher solute concentration causing water to leave cells
Reduction division producing haploid cells from a diploid cell
Maintenance of stable internal conditions in unicellular organisms
Fluid component of cells composed mainly of water
Advanced type of microscopy with high resolution
transport Movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy
Organelles for photosynthesis found in plant cells
Organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
Large, central organelle in plant cells for storage and maintaining turgor pressure
Model describing the structure of cell membranes
Finger-like projections increasing surface area in some cells
The basic structural unit of all living organisms
Organelles responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells
Channel proteins facilitating water movement across membranes
Technique using antibodies and fluorescence to detect proteins
Lipids with carbohydrate chains involved in cell adhesion
Genetic material common to all living cells
Small membrane-bound sacs involved in transport within cells
Structures involved in cell division in animal cells
Proteins that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes

50 Clues: Lipid bilayer enclosing the cell • Lipid bilayer forming the cell boundary • Splitting of cytoplasm during cell division • Genetic material common to all living cells • Movement of water molecules across membranes • Long, whip-like structures for cell motility • Organelle containing DNA in eukaryotic cells • Region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located • ...

Blood 2020-04-17

Across

A foreign protein
Most numerous blood cells
Reduced oxygen capacity
Solvent for carrying substances in plasma
Transports oxygen in red blood cells
Lymphocytes cell with cytotoxic immune response
Low platelet count
Blood contains genetically determined....
A+ is the .... bloodtype
Plasma protein beginning with the letter A
Largest white blood cells
Contain histamine granules
excess WBC

Down

Another word for blood clotting
Agranulocytes and
Body's defense against diseases
Transfusions to replace blood quickly must be:
Stem cells of platelets
Liquid Matrix
B,T cells

20 Clues: B,T cells • excess WBC • Liquid Matrix • A foreign protein • Agranulocytes and • Low platelet count • Reduced oxygen capacity • Stem cells of platelets • A+ is the .... bloodtype • Most numerous blood cells • Largest white blood cells • Contain histamine granules • Another word for blood clotting • Body's defense against diseases • Transports oxygen in red blood cells • ...

Exam 2 Review (BHS316) 2022-02-15

Across

cytokine that blocks co-stimulatory signal
transfer of antibodies
occurs during B or T cells cluster their receptors in response to a pathogen
___ T cells that do not express CD4, CD8, TCR
occurs in cells when they are killed by pathogens
helper T subset that recognizes parasites or pathogenic bacteria
lymphocytes that may undergo class switching and somatic hypermutation
amino acid region on antigen
process of testing T cells for MHC restriction
provides protection against T cells that may react against self-antigens

Down

keep immune system from overreacting to foreign antigens
immune cells which kill cells that do not contain class I MHC molecules
two igg molecules combined form this antibody
activates virgin T cells
protein displayed that come from outside the cell
antibodies that are also called gamma globulins
caused by mast cells degranulatin
released by CTL and binds to cell membrane and drills holes
blood valves that are specialized for lymphocytes to exit
display antigens to B cells
antibodies that are good at activating the complement cascade
cytokine that reduces T cell proliferation

22 Clues: transfer of antibodies • activates virgin T cells • display antigens to B cells • amino acid region on antigen • caused by mast cells degranulatin • cytokine that blocks co-stimulatory signal • cytokine that reduces T cell proliferation • two igg molecules combined form this antibody • ___ T cells that do not express CD4, CD8, TCR • ...

Workshop 12 2024-10-16

Across

Which type of T cells interact with MHC class II proteins to activate immune responses?
What type of immune cells are rapidly activated upon re-exposure to the same antigen?
What types of cells respond to chemicals released during infection?
What process involves immune cells engulfing and digesting pathogens?
What are foreign molecules that are recognized by the immune system and stimulate an immune response?
T cells What type of cells are activated by infected cells to destroy pathogens?
What is created by fusing spleen cells with myeloma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies?
What are released by T cells to help activate B cells during immune responses?
What type of cell do B cells differentiate into after interacting with an antigen?
What proteins bind to antigens, marking them for destruction by immune cells?

Down

Which type of immune cells play a key role in the adaptive immune system?
Which immune response is faster due to the presence of memory cells?
What do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens?
What type of immune response involves antibody production?
What co-receptor assists cytotoxic T cells in binding to the MHC class I-antigen complex?
What type of antibodies bind to multiple epitopes on an antigen?
What are antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies or B cell receptors?

17 Clues: What do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens? • What type of immune response involves antibody production? • What type of antibodies bind to multiple epitopes on an antigen? • What types of cells respond to chemicals released during infection? • Which immune response is faster due to the presence of memory cells? • ...

Cells and Microscopes 2025-09-10

Across

Cells with a full set of DNA
Green part of plant cells
Cells with no nucleus
Cells with half the normal amount of DNA
Cells with a nucleus
Where cells make proteins
Key adaptation of a sperm cell
Used to make it easier to see parts of a specimen
The lens that you look through
Where plant cells store cell sap

Down

Where respiration takes place in cells
Small hairs on the outside of some cells
Control used to make the image look sharp
Finger like structures found on cells from the intestine
Outer layer of a plant cell
Specimens are placed onto this to view under a microscope
Where most cells store DNA

17 Clues: Cells with a nucleus • Cells with no nucleus • Green part of plant cells • Where cells make proteins • Where most cells store DNA • Outer layer of a plant cell • Cells with a full set of DNA • Key adaptation of a sperm cell • The lens that you look through • Where plant cells store cell sap • Where respiration takes place in cells • Small hairs on the outside of some cells • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

Across

Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

25 Clues: Immune response • Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • The end stage of disease in HIV infection • Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Trevor cell review 2025-10-02

Across

cells boarder
makes oxygen
brain of the cell
water
conveyor belt
powerhouse of the cell
multi celled organism
building block of all life
part of a cell
jelly that holds the organelle in place
chloroplast make oxygen

Down

Assembly lines
Theory that all living things are made of cells
shipping center
cells structure
Warehouse of the cell
cells convert food into energy
Recycling center
cells divide into perfect copies
carbon
single celled organism
glucose
Oxygen

23 Clues: water • carbon • Oxygen • glucose • makes oxygen • cells boarder • conveyor belt • Assembly lines • part of a cell • shipping center • cells structure • Recycling center • brain of the cell • Warehouse of the cell • multi celled organism • powerhouse of the cell • single celled organism • chloroplast make oxygen • building block of all life • cells convert food into energy • cells divide into perfect copies • ...

Blood and Lymph Systems 2013-07-22

Blood and Lymph Systems crossword puzzle

Across

primary gland of the lymphatic system, produces T cells
cancerous disease of the blood forming organs
drug that causes narrowing of blood vessels
abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
condition of reduced red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood
drug that prevents clotting of the blood
enlargement of the spleen
T cells, B cells, and NK cells
drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
causes formation of antibodies against it
liquid portion of blood and lymph
breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
fluid circulated through lymph vessels
protein-iron compound that transports O2 and CO2

Down

presence of large red blood cells
organ that filters out aging blood cells
white blood cell
excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
liquid portion of blood left after clotting
presence of small red blood cells
red blood cell
thrombocytes, cell fragments in the blood essential for clotting
a granular leukocyte
bleeding disorder, defect in clotting factor
Hodgkins disease, disorder of the lymph tissue
process of disease protection

26 Clues: red blood cell • white blood cell • a granular leukocyte • enlargement of the spleen • process of disease protection • T cells, B cells, and NK cells • presence of large red blood cells • presence of small red blood cells • liquid portion of blood and lymph • fluid circulated through lymph vessels • organ that filters out aging blood cells • ...

Ch. 10 Blood and Immune Crossword 2022-03-29

Ch. 10 Blood and Immune Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

disease of the lymph glands
destruction of (red) blood cells
surgical fixation of the spleen
myeloma tumors of the bone marrow
increase in white blood cells
tumor of lymphatic tissue
suturing of the spleen
red blood cell
excision of the adenoids
tumor of the thymus gland
lymph cell
reduction of clotting cells
pertaining to destruction; blood cells
abnormal reduction of blood cells
formation of blood cells
enlargement of the spleen
excision of the spleen

Down

excision of the tonsils
excision of the thymus
record of the lymphatic vessels
inflammation of the lymph glands
formation of white blood cells
decrease in white blood cells
increase in red blood cells
increase in number of platelets
tissue swelling; lymphatic obstruction
white blood cell
excision of a lymph node
formation of red blood cells
inflammation of the tonsils
inflammation of the adenoids
formation of bone marrow
condition of absence of a spleen
inflammation of the spleen
tumor in a lymphatic vessel
study of blood

36 Clues: lymph cell • red blood cell • study of blood • white blood cell • excision of the thymus • suturing of the spleen • excision of the spleen • excision of the tonsils • excision of a lymph node • excision of the adenoids • formation of bone marrow • formation of blood cells • tumor of lymphatic tissue • tumor of the thymus gland • enlargement of the spleen • inflammation of the spleen • ...

Chapter 16. Immunity 2022-03-23

Across

Memory T cells can live up to days, weeks or decades
Type of immunity uses physical barriers (skin)
Promote inflammation
Type of T cell that activates B cells
A symptom of local inflammation
Bacteria, pollen, and transplanted tissue are examples of _____ antigens
Immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn after birth
Reacts with an antigen
Chemical signal secreted by T helper cells

Down

Type of immunity with cytokines released from cytotoxic T cells
Cells produce interferon in response to
Chemical substances released from microorganisms or damaged tissue attract wbcs
Slower immune response but more specific for the pathogen is the_____ defense
Secreted by cells infected with viruses, alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected
Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells secrete
The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is
Increases temperature which slows the growth of bacteria
Disease-causing agent
Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity responses
A phagocytic cell
Cells that produce antibodies
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus in response to thymosins
Antibodies produced in allergic reactions

23 Clues: A phagocytic cell • Promote inflammation • Disease-causing agent • Reacts with an antigen • Cells that produce antibodies • A symptom of local inflammation • Type of T cell that activates B cells • Cells produce interferon in response to • Antibodies produced in allergic reactions • Chemical signal secreted by T helper cells • The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is • ...

Immunology Terms 2021-09-22

Across

molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs, and contributes to innate immune resposnses
protein family to which antibodies and B cell receptors belong
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
cell surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins
a type of cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for T reg cell function
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
type of adaptive immunity in which there is a major role for effector T cells
end product of the complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
the antigen receptor on T cells
subset of CD4+ T cells that are involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
a type of immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface

Down

pathogen associated molecular patterns
type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
type of leukocyte with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
cell adhesion molecule
type of pattern recognition receptors present of leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMP's on pathogens
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, and can trigger complement activation, and acts as an opsonin
family name for cytokines that helps cells to resist viral infections
general designation of many of the different cytokines
type of CD8+ T lymphocyte with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells via apoptosis
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprimised of two different subsets (CD4 and CD8)
soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens and can activate the lectin pathway of Complement
a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMP's on microbes
subset of CD4+ T cells that are involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells

32 Clues: cell adhesion molecule • the antigen receptor on T cells • pathogen associated molecular patterns • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • cell surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins • general designation of many of the different cytokines • a type of immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

Across

Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

green pigment that gives plants a green color
packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
tough, outside of cell membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
produce energy for cells to survive
makes proteins
cells do not have a nucleus
gel fluid that fills a cell
the storage part of a cell
circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Down

cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
not rough, moves materials through cells
smallest and basic unit of life
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
a barrier that protects the cell
breaks down food and waste in cells
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells

19 Clues: makes proteins • the storage part of a cell • cells do not have a nucleus • gel fluid that fills a cell • barrel shaped in animal cells • smallest and basic unit of life • tough, outside of cell membrane • a barrier that protects the cell • breaks down food and waste in cells • produce energy for cells to survive • not rough, moves materials through cells • ...

brayden Wilson cell review 2025-10-01

brayden Wilson cell review crossword puzzle

Across

having cells with good or membrane bound nuclei
Cells are microscopic
things that happen outside an organism
the ability to keep proper conditions inside
plant cell that creates energy from sunlight
protection for the cell
the first largest category
smallest unit organism
many cells
things that happen inside an organism
Makes proteins

Down

scientists used to classify organism
cells that lack membrane
Cells are dynamic,
An organelle responsible cell's energy
one cell
Cells serve as the basic building blocks
Cells are the most fundamental unit of life
any living thing

19 Clues: one cell • many cells • Makes proteins • any living thing • Cells are dynamic, • Cells are microscopic • smallest unit organism • protection for the cell • cells that lack membrane • the first largest category • scientists used to classify organism • things that happen inside an organism • An organelle responsible cell's energy • things that happen outside an organism • ...

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

cells do not have a nucleus
breaks down food and waste in cells
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
green pigment that gives plants a green color
the storage part of a cell
tough, outside of cell membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
makes proteins
produce energy for cells to survive

Down

circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
a barrier that protects the cell
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
apparatus packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
smallest and basic unit of life
not rough, moves materials through cells
gel fluid that fills a cell

Immunology 2025-02-19

Across

Activated by antigen presented on MHC II CD4+
Regulates development, effector function, and homeostasis of cells of the skeletal, neuronal and immune systems
Phagocytes and granulocytes
Recognizing non self in innate immunity
Happens in bone marrow during development
Relatively rare circulating granulocyte that fights parasitic infections
Lymphoid that does not recognize antigens
Takes antigens from periphery and presents them to lymph nodes to activate adaptive immune response
Activated by recognizing antigen CD40+
Primary: Bone marrow and Thymus, Secondary: Spleen and lymph nodes
Granulocyte found in tissues especially epithelia
Terminally differentiated

Down

Circulating precursor to phagocytic cells
Circulating granulocyte that fights parasitic infections and contributes to asthma and other allergies
T-cells and B-cells
Becomes faster and stronger with each new exposure
Has Fc region with a flexible hinge
Basophils, mast cells, natural killer cells
Cells that directly recognize antigens
Short lived phagocyte that is recruited to the site of infection
Monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages
Recognizing non self in adaptive immunity
Antigen presenting cell that can be activated by T cells and antibody binding
Often stimulate cell proliferation and/or differentiation of blood cells
Kills cells presenting antigens on MHC I via its TCR CD8+
Same response every time
Produced by a lot of cells in response to PAMPs, promotes inflammation

27 Clues: T-cells and B-cells • Same response every time • Terminally differentiated • Phagocytes and granulocytes • Has Fc region with a flexible hinge • Cells that directly recognize antigens • Activated by recognizing antigen CD40+ • Recognizing non self in innate immunity • Circulating precursor to phagocytic cells • Happens in bone marrow during development • ...

Cells Crossword 2020-04-06

Across

The provide energy for the cell by breaking down all the nutrients - the “powerhouse” of the cell
Absorb sunlight through photosynthesis and produce food
The movement of materials into or out of a cell
transport The process of moving materials in and out of the cell without using energy
membrane Controls the movement of substance into and out of the cell (like a doorway to the cell)
A similar group of cells that work together
To digest and remove waste from the cell (the clean-up crew)
To store materials for the cell such as water and waste
An living thing that is made of one cell
Genetic material that determines what traits a living thing will have
reticulum Transports proteins and other materials for the cell (is like UPS/FEDEX)

Down

The movement of water into and out of the cell
A small structure held within the cell’s cytoplasm that perform all of the different functions
These manufacture/make proteins
An living that is made of more than one or many types of cells.
To control and organize all of the cell’s activities
apparatus To modify/sort and package proteins for the cell (acts like the post office)
A jelly-like substance that takes up most of the cell’s space

18 Clues: These manufacture/make proteins • An living thing that is made of one cell • A similar group of cells that work together • The movement of water into and out of the cell • The movement of materials into or out of a cell • To control and organize all of the cell’s activities • Absorb sunlight through photosynthesis and produce food • ...

Duncan Cells 2023-03-28

Across

To get you strong
Can be one can be multiple
plant cell
10 40 400
made the compound microscope
Dutch microbiologist
Were deoxyribonucleic is
Sun -> Food
Can see it under 400x on the microscope
It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Down

lipid metabolism
outer layer
Processes protein even more
The garbage man
one of the first two scientists to discover microorganisms in 1665
Powers the biochemical reactions of the cell
TPC
move microbes and debris up and out of the airways

18 Clues: TPC • 10 40 400 • plant cell • outer layer • Sun -> Food • The garbage man • lipid metabolism • To get you strong • Dutch microbiologist • Were deoxyribonucleic is • Can be one can be multiple • Processes protein even more • made the compound microscope • Can see it under 400x on the microscope • Powers the biochemical reactions of the cell • move microbes and debris up and out of the airways • ...

Cells Revision 2014-08-18

Across

Instrument used to magnify images of small objects
Part of the microscope used to hold the slide
specialized animal cell that helps the body fight infection
Part of cells that is a jelly like substance where new substances are made
chemical reaction in plants whereby glucose is burnt to obtain energy
Part of plant cell that provides support for the cell
Process that plants undergo to produce food
Controls the chemical reactions in a cell

Down

specialized animal cell that carried oxygen around the body
What all living things are made out of
Objects that can only be seen using a microscope
Storage part of the cell
One of the scientists who proposed the cell theory of life
sugar produced by photosynthesis
Part of plant cell that contains chlorophyll
Type of microscope that is more powerful than the compound microscope
Type of microscope usually seen in schools
Part of microscope that contains the ocular lens

18 Clues: Storage part of the cell • sugar produced by photosynthesis • What all living things are made out of • Controls the chemical reactions in a cell • Type of microscope usually seen in schools • Process that plants undergo to produce food • Part of plant cell that contains chlorophyll • Part of the microscope used to hold the slide • ...

Cells & Microscopes 2014-10-17

Across

Increases surface are for protein synthesis and transports proteins.
The semi solid mass of organelles at the bottom of the tube after centrifugation.
A device used to seperate organelles during cell fractionation.
The material filling the inside of a mitochondrion.
Chemicals which prevent pH change.
The site of aerobic respiration.
The number of times larger an image is than the object itself.
The liquid above the pellet in a centrifuge tube after centrifugation.
Synthesises and transports lipids.
Contains potent digestive enzymes involved in autolysis.

Down

The name given to the double membrane surrounding the nucleus.
Responsible for protein synthesis.
Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The type of electron microscope which prodeces a 3D image.
The amount of detail which can be seen with a microscope.
Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles.
Solutions containing the same concentration of solute.
Allow RNA to move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

18 Clues: The site of aerobic respiration. • Responsible for protein synthesis. • Chemicals which prevent pH change. • Synthesises and transports lipids. • Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. • Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles. • The material filling the inside of a mitochondrion. • Solutions containing the same concentration of solute. • ...

cells vocab 2015-10-29

Across

a gel-like substances that is in the cell
controls the cell
has the DNA
only in plant cells and is the protection layer
keeps the cell full of energy
storage
carries the cromatin
a structureal support (skeleton)

Down

gives cells the ability to move
surrounds the nucleus
takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products
functions energy production
inside of nucleus
a network of tubular membranes
site of the protein manufacture
eyelashes
protects the cell after death
contains chlorophyll

18 Clues: storage • eyelashes • has the DNA • controls the cell • inside of nucleus • contains chlorophyll • carries the cromatin • surrounds the nucleus • functions energy production • keeps the cell full of energy • protects the cell after death • a network of tubular membranes • gives cells the ability to move • site of the protein manufacture • a structureal support (skeleton) • ...

Cells (Spanish) 2023-07-28

Across

Célula que no tiene pared celular ni cloroplasto
Pequeños puntos negros que se encuentran en el retículo endoplásmico rugoso
El círculo dentro del núcleo.
Desempeña un papel en la digestión y es un saco delimitado por una membrana
Capa en el exterior; en células vegetales pero no en células animales
Común en células animales; círculos rojos; ayuda con el metabolismo
que protege a la célula de su propia producción.
Vesícula; “transporte de carga”
Como el cerebro de la célula
Solo se encuentra en células animales; parte del citoesqueleto

Down

Compuesto principalmente de agua y otra palabra para esto es Citoplasma
Hace la producción de energía
Célula que tiene una pared celular y un cloroplasto
Como la pared de la celda pero es la segunda capa de guardia
Ayuda a mantener la forma de las células; Microtúbulos en 3 partes, filamentos de actina y fibras intermedias
Es verde y se puede encontrar en una célula vegetal pero no en una célula animal
Se producen microtúbulos; amarillo y comienza con C
Almacena proteína; una sola membrana

18 Clues: Como el cerebro de la célula • Hace la producción de energía • El círculo dentro del núcleo. • Vesícula; “transporte de carga” • Almacena proteína; una sola membrana • Célula que no tiene pared celular ni cloroplasto • que protege a la célula de su propia producción. • Célula que tiene una pared celular y un cloroplasto • ...

Cells & Organelles 2023-08-30

Across

Controls cell activities and contains genetic material
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Site of aerobic respiration which releases energy.
A storage organelle, filled with cell sap.
Site of photosynthesis.
A structure within a cell that carries out a particular funciton.
Specialised cell which contains many mitochondria to provide energy for contraction.
Occasionally found as the outer layer of a bacterial cell.

Down

Structure occasionally found as a method of locomotion for bacterial cells.
Shape of a specialised cell which transports oxygen within blood.
Site of protein synthesis.
A specialised animal cell with NO nucleus.
Site of many of the cells chemical reactions.
Cells which have genetic material contained within a nucleus.
Cells which have a single DNA loop, not within a nucleus.
Specialised cell with a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions, contains no chloroplasts.
Basic building block of all living organisms.
Outer layer of a plant cell.

18 Clues: Site of photosynthesis. • Site of protein synthesis. • Outer layer of a plant cell. • Controls what enters and leaves the cell. • A specialised animal cell with NO nucleus. • A storage organelle, filled with cell sap. • Site of many of the cells chemical reactions. • Basic building block of all living organisms. • Site of aerobic respiration which releases energy. • ...

Cells Intro 2024-09-18

Across

Plants, Fungi, Animals
All cells also have these
All cells have this
Bacteria, protists, and archaea
All living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest living thing, all cells come from other preexisting cells
Protein filaments within a cell for structure
Performs cellular respiration in eukaryotes, not found in prokaryotes
Holds DNA in eukaryotes
Makes and stores lipids

Down

House their DNA in a nucleus
Gel like fluid within a cell
No nucleus, like bacteria
Perform certain jobs for a cell
Stores water, carbohydrates, salts
Only some cells like plants and bacteria have this around them
Performs photosynthesis in autotrophs
Breaks down old/worn down cell parts/molecules
All cells have this around them

18 Clues: All cells have this • Plants, Fungi, Animals • Holds DNA in eukaryotes • Makes and stores lipids • No nucleus, like bacteria • All cells also have these • House their DNA in a nucleus • Gel like fluid within a cell • Perform certain jobs for a cell • Bacteria, protists, and archaea • All cells have this around them • Stores water, carbohydrates, salts • ...

cells & membranes 2025-11-10

Across

Hydrophobic part of phospholipid bilayer
Type of substance which can move across membranes by simple diffusion
Fluid filled space in chloroplasts
Generates a 3D image of surface
Contained in bacterial cell walls
Requires hydrolysis of ATP and specific carrier proteins
Makes ribosomes / rRNA
Transports proteins and lipids to their required destination

Down

Has the maximum possible water potential
Site of DNA replication
Contain hydrolytic enzymes
Facilitate diffusion of water-soluble substances
Often present in electron micrographs due to the complex preparation
Made of RNA and protein
Liquid above the solid pellet after centrifugation
Decreases fluidity / permeability, and increases rigidity of cell membranes
Inner membrane fold in mitochondria
Sometimes present in prokaryotic cells

18 Clues: Makes ribosomes / rRNA • Site of DNA replication • Made of RNA and protein • Contain hydrolytic enzymes • Generates a 3D image of surface • Contained in bacterial cell walls • Fluid filled space in chloroplasts • Inner membrane fold in mitochondria • Sometimes present in prokaryotic cells • Has the maximum possible water potential • Hydrophobic part of phospholipid bilayer • ...

Cells Crossword 2025-10-03

Across

The process where energy is produced for a plant cell.
A type of eukaryotic cell that has a cell wall and chloroplast.
Produces ATP for the cell.
Found in Both Cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) but found in different places.
Transports materials inside a cell (doesn't have ribosomes attached to it).
This organelle in a cell is created in the nucleolus.
Parts in a cell that have a specific role to keep the cell going.
A type a cell that can be multicellular or unicellular, an example is plants and animals.
What ribosomes produce for the cell and helps support cell structures

Down

Breaks down waste and worn-down cell parts
Acts like vacuum bags.
Is a gel like fluid found all around the cell.
Can be bacteria or Archera.
What the mitochondria produces to give energy to the organelles to function.
Like a Security Guard.
Only found in a plant cell and is responsible for supplying energy to the cell.
A type of prokaryotic cell
Transports proteins and lipids for the cell and has ribosomes attached to it.

18 Clues: Acts like vacuum bags. • Like a Security Guard. • Produces ATP for the cell. • A type of prokaryotic cell • Can be bacteria or Archera. • Breaks down waste and worn-down cell parts • Is a gel like fluid found all around the cell. • This organelle in a cell is created in the nucleolus. • The process where energy is produced for a plant cell. • ...

The Immune System 2022-10-17

Across

Type of defence that reacts immediately.
Immune response using T cells.
An activated T cell presents an x.
These cells from B cell differentiation are more like B cells.
These cells churn out antibodies.
Type of cells that respond to chemicals released by pathogens during infections.
Memory cells are not active, they are x.

Down

Antibodies are also called x.
B cells divide and this causes x so that resulting cells are either plasma or memory B cells.
These are attenuated viruses.
Binding of antigen can inactivate the x by lysis or phagocytosis.
An x binds to an antigen.
x T cells (killer T cells).
White blood cells.
Antibodies that are artificially produced.
Binding of this with the T helper cell stimulates a reaction.
Antibody-mediated immune response.

17 Clues: White blood cells. • An x binds to an antigen. • x T cells (killer T cells). • Antibodies are also called x. • These are attenuated viruses. • Immune response using T cells. • These cells churn out antibodies. • An activated T cell presents an x. • Antibody-mediated immune response. • Type of defence that reacts immediately. • Memory cells are not active, they are x. • ...

Intestinal Epithelial Cell 2022-10-18

Intestinal Epithelial Cell crossword puzzle

Across

Phagocytic Antigen Presenting Cells
Binds to antigen and is transferred to outside of cell
Immune respone that defends against intracellular pathogen
when activated, stimulates B cells
second exposure of antigen stimulate memory cells, producing this and cytotoxic t cells
Y-shaped protein that binds to antigen
Immune response that defends against extracellular pathogen
Receptors on surface that react directly with antigens
artificially produced antibodies that recognises one epitope

Down

Similar to original B cells, produce plasma and cytotoxic t cells
Pathogens and "non-self molecules"
formation of clumps of cells when antibod. bind to antigen
antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes
globular protein associated with immune system
Transmembrane glycoprotein co-receptor that assists T Cell receptor
Sites of white blood cell production
attenuated virus that trigger immune response and memory cells

17 Clues: Pathogens and "non-self molecules" • when activated, stimulates B cells • Phagocytic Antigen Presenting Cells • Sites of white blood cell production • Y-shaped protein that binds to antigen • antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes • globular protein associated with immune system • Binds to antigen and is transferred to outside of cell • ...

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

produce energy for cells to survive
tough, outside of cell membrane
a barrier that protects the cell
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
cells do not have a nucleus
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
the storage part of a cell
packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
gel fluid that fills a cell
circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Down

green pigment that gives plants a green color
makes proteins
smallest and basic unit of life
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells
cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
not rough, moves materials through cells
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
breaks down food and waste in cells

19 Clues: makes proteins • the storage part of a cell • cells do not have a nucleus • gel fluid that fills a cell • barrel shaped in animal cells • smallest and basic unit of life • tough, outside of cell membrane • a barrier that protects the cell • produce energy for cells to survive • breaks down food and waste in cells • not rough, moves materials through cells • ...

Adaptive Immunity 2025-11-04

Across

The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
First Ab produced in response to infection;Pentamer
disruption of cell by complement reactive protein attracts phagocytic & other defense immune system cells
2nd exposure to same Ag, the response is rapid & results in high Ab titer
Specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen
Proteins made in response to an antigen
Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms;Monomer
T cytotoxic cells (destroy deformed/infected cells)
mature in bone marrow; hangs out in germinal center in cortex
carried out by antibodies circulating in the blood. Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes that have matured into plasma cells
develop in bone marrow or in fetal liver
cells suppress T cells against self subset of CD4 TH cells formerly called T suppressor cells
stimulates T-h cells
coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis
first contact with Ag is characterized by IgM followed by IgG
B cells becomes activated when an Ag reacts with specific receptors on its surface
activates T-h, B, T-c, and NK cells

Down

mature in thymus;hangs out in medulla
enhances phagocytosis & reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with
In secretions (tears,colostrum, saliva, mucus);Dimer
Antibody that remains associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the B lymphocyte
On B cells, initiate immune response;Monomer
induce migration of leukocytes to infection
blocks adhesion of bacteria & viruses to mucosa
in all cells. Accepts or rejects ag as compatible or not.Attaches to non compatible ag and presents it to T cell
digest antigen; can be any type of phagocyte
Main class of Ab in blood (80% of serum antibodies);monomer
T helper cells(surface antigen)
immunity carried out by T lymphocytes and occurs at the cellular level
cells that kill/attack
A substance the body identifies as foreign and to which it produces specific antibodies or sensitized Tcells
small molecule that can act as an antigen if it binds to a larger protein molecule
destroy t-h cells & impairs humoral & cell mediated immunity

33 Clues: stimulates T-h cells • cells that kill/attack • T helper cells(surface antigen) • activates T-h, B, T-c, and NK cells • mature in thymus;hangs out in medulla • Proteins made in response to an antigen • develop in bone marrow or in fetal liver • induce migration of leukocytes to infection • On B cells, initiate immune response;Monomer • ...

yareli 2025-12-09

Across

known as the powerhouse of the cell
an organism that make its own food,usually
contains water and nutrients
in pond water.
into two identical cells.
fission a type of reproduction where one cell
provides support
first to see cells using a microscope and
sunlight.
schwann discovered that all animals are made of
them "cells"
cells.

Down

schleiden disvovered that all plants are made
virchow stated that all cells come from existing
membrance protective layer that surrounds of the cell
contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny
found only in plants cells
an organsism that gets food by eating other
storage areas for the cell

20 Clues: cells. • sunlight. • contains DNA • them "cells" • in pond water. • provides support • into two identical cells. • found only in plants cells • storage areas for the cell • contains water and nutrients • first to see living cells and tiny • known as the powerhouse of the cell • first to see cells using a microscope and • an organism that make its own food,usually • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

Across

Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

the immune system 2022-10-18

Across

All antibodies have what linkages holding them together?
What process is stimulated when an antigen is first exposed to B cells and interacts with one of the receptors on one of the B cells
A non-specific immune response
How are memory cells found in the body?
Vaccines trigger what kind of response in the body?
In the cell-mediated immune response, when cells are infected with a pathogen, what type of T cells are activated
A cytotoxic protein that perforates the cell by inserting itself in the target cells plasma membrane and creating holes/pores in the cell
The transmembrane glycoprotein that is a co-receptor and assists the T cell receptor in communicating with an antigen-presenting cell
What are antibodies also called?
What do T cells do to B cells?
what do B cells have on their surface that react directly with antigens in blood

Down

Binding of the Antibodies can inactivate the pathogen by
White blood cells (B cells or T cells) that are undifferentiated stem cells
A type of leukocyte found in the spleen that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in response to inflammation
In the humoral mammalian immune system response, what do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens making them easier targets for phagocytes
What is the antigen engulfed by?
Blood serum contains what kind of antibodies?
In mammalian immune system, what immune response involves T cells

18 Clues: A non-specific immune response • What do T cells do to B cells? • What is the antigen engulfed by? • What are antibodies also called? • How are memory cells found in the body? • Blood serum contains what kind of antibodies? • Vaccines trigger what kind of response in the body? • Binding of the Antibodies can inactivate the pathogen by • ...

The immune system - EA, CC, JH, GK 2024-10-15

The immune system - EA, CC, JH, GK crossword puzzle

Across

which type of immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies in the adaptive immune response?
Which immune T cells directly kill virus-infected cells?
what is the term for a foreign substance that simulates an immune response in the body?
What co-receptor on helper T cells helps recognize antigens presented by MHC II?
what type of white blood cells are crucial for adaptive immunity?
what is the name of an attenuated virus that triggers an immune response and memory cells
what type of cells ensure a quicker immune response upon re-exposure to an antigen?
What is the term for antibodies, named for their role in the immune system?
what are the signalling molecules released T cells that promote B cell growth and division?

Down

what term describes substances released from cells, such as antibodies produced by plasma cells?
Which immune cells engulf pathogens and present antigens to activate the adaptive immune system?
which type of immune response that involves T cells directly attacking infected or abnormal cells
which Y-shaped protein is produced by plasma cells and binds to specific antigens?
what is a specialised antibody that is not naturally derived?
what cells do B cells differentiate into to produce antibodies?
which serine proteases trigger programmed cell death?
What type of immune response is non-specific and acts immediately or within hours?
what is the process of attaching antibodies to antigens that inactivates them?

18 Clues: which serine proteases trigger programmed cell death? • Which immune T cells directly kill virus-infected cells? • what is a specialised antibody that is not naturally derived? • what cells do B cells differentiate into to produce antibodies? • what type of white blood cells are crucial for adaptive immunity? • ...

yareli 2025-12-09

Across

known as the powerhouse of the cell
an organism that make its own food,usually
contains water and nutrients
in pond water.
into two identical cells.
fission a type of reproduction where one cell
provides support
first to see cells using a microscope and
sunlight.
schwann discovered that all animals are made of
them "cells"
cells.

Down

schleiden disvovered that all plants are made
virchow stated that all cells come from existing
membrance protective layer that surrounds of the cell
contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny
found only in plants cells
an organsism that gets food by eating other
storage areas for the cell

Blood Anatomy and Physiology 2023-09-28

Blood Anatomy and Physiology crossword puzzle

Across

most plasma proteins are produced by
which has segments or lobes in the cell nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm, consisting of neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
is a yellowish liquid whose job is to carry blood cells
The largest white blood cells function to eat dead cells and attack microorganisms.
white blood cells are the most numerous
another name for white blood cells
A condition where the white blood cell count is very low
White blood cells can enter and leave blood vessels through a process called
clumping in a liquid due to the introduction of a substance into it
another name for rupture of red blood cells
... colour The characteristics of blood if it is rich in oxygen are shown through color

Down

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone called
White blood cells whose job is to protect the body from attacks by incoming bacteria and viruses
cells that function to store the genetic material of living things such as DNA and RNA.
Hormone that accelerates platelet production
substances that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies as a form of resistance
one of the blood components that functions to help the blood clotting process.
cells that work by releasing toxins to destroy pathogens are
cells that secrete antibodies to prevent blood clots
another name for the formation of blood cells

20 Clues: another name for white blood cells • most plasma proteins are produced by • white blood cells are the most numerous • another name for rupture of red blood cells • Hormone that accelerates platelet production • another name for the formation of blood cells • cells that secrete antibodies to prevent blood clots • is a yellowish liquid whose job is to carry blood cells • ...

Immunity 2022-03-16

Across

an immune response that involves memory cells
a type of selection that involves W.B.C. clones
an immune response to the body's own cells
a type of defense that includes the skin and tears
T cells that activate humoral and cell mediated
a name for white blood cells
attack +1 cell pathogens with enzymes
an immune response that responds immediately
cellular ingestion/breakdown of foreign substances
phagocytic cells found throughout the body
an immune response using specialized T-cells
a body system that fights pathogens
agents that cause disease
an initial exposure immune response
pathogen parts that cause B&T cells to react
B cell secreted proteins that attack pathogens
W.B.C from bone marrow w/Y-shaped receptors
phagocytic cells that develop immunity in skin

Down

W.B.C from the thymus that can be cytotoxic
immunity that provides short term protection
an immune response that is specific and has memory
a response caused by cytokines & histamine
an immune response where antibodies attack
a type of immune cell found in insect hemolymph
cells that detect and kill abnormal body cells
phagocytic cells that are attracted to infection
antigens that elicit allergic responses
T cells that are effectors in cell mediated resp
immunity that occurs naturally upon infection

29 Clues: agents that cause disease • a name for white blood cells • a body system that fights pathogens • an initial exposure immune response • attack +1 cell pathogens with enzymes • antigens that elicit allergic responses • an immune response to the body's own cells • a response caused by cytokines & histamine • an immune response where antibodies attack • ...

The fundamental unit of life 2021-04-30

The fundamental unit of life crossword puzzle

Across

is the basic unit of living things
proposed all cells come from pre-existing cells
storage sac
gel like fluid found inside all cells
has no nucleus
converts sunlight to food in plant cells
amoeba obtains its food
more complex cell, has nucleus
Scientist who proposed animals are made of cells
group of tissues
is a special type of diffusion

Down

scientist who proposed plants are made of cells
transport system of cell, can be rough or smooth
trash can of the cell
powerhouse of the cell
protein factory of the cell
post office of cell
gatekeeper / barrier of the cell
group of cells performing same function
extra support and protection to plant cells
coined the term cell
group of organs working together
control centre of the cell

23 Clues: storage sac • has no nucleus • group of tissues • post office of cell • coined the term cell • trash can of the cell • powerhouse of the cell • amoeba obtains its food • control centre of the cell • protein factory of the cell • more complex cell, has nucleus • is a special type of diffusion • gatekeeper / barrier of the cell • group of organs working together • ...

Biology 2023-11-13

Across

The scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments.
The liquid component of blood, where blood cells are suspended.
Organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Systems: The skeletal system, providing support, protection, and assistance in movement.
Cells: Cells that have specific structures and functions suited to perform particular tasks in the body.
Organisms composed of multiple cells.
Tissue that contracts to produce movement in animals.
Membrane-bound sacs within cells that store substances such as water, nutrients, or waste products.
Wall: A rigid outer layer that provides structural support to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria.
A structure made up of different tissues working together to perform specific functions in the body.
The central organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Down

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins.
Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
The gel-like substance within cells that surrounds the organelles.
Relating to the process of breaking down food into absorbable nutrients.
System: The system of the heart and blood vessels responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
Tissue: A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Pertaining to the circulation of fluids, often referring to the circulatory system.
The basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, e.g., mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts.
A simple sugar that serves as a primary source of energy in living organisms, particularly through cellular respiration.
Membrane: Also known as the plasma membrane, it surrounds the cell, regulates what enters and exits the cell, and provides structural support.
Cells: Eukaryotic cells found in plants, characterized by a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole.
Tissue that transmits electrical impulses in animals.
Cells: Eukaryotic cells found in animals, lacking a cell wall and often having a round or irregular shape.

25 Clues: Organisms composed of multiple cells. • Cellular structures that synthesize proteins. • Tissue that contracts to produce movement in animals. • Tissue that transmits electrical impulses in animals. • The basic structural and functional units of living organisms. • The liquid component of blood, where blood cells are suspended. • ...

Cells and Organelles Crossword Puzzle 2023-09-29

Cells and Organelles Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

Organisms are made of only one cell
The state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems
ER Has ribosomes on its surface
Stated that all animals are made of cells
+ Flagella Function in moving cells, in moving fluids, or in moving small particles across the cell surface
Found in only producers and use energy from sunlight to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis
Inside the nucleus
Breakdown food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
Body Modify, sort, and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of the cell
Has a smooth and rough __
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Found in the cytoplasm
Specialize Form fits function
Cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Helps maintain cell shape
envelope Contains nuclear pores for material to enter and leave the nucleus

Down

Help pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell and are only found in animal cells
Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Powerhouse of the cell
Tails are made up of fatty acids and are hydrophobic
Jally-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane
Schwann, + Virchow Created the Cell Theory
Contains DNA in the corm of chromatin
Membrane Surrounds the outside of ALL cells
Observed dead cells in cork, and coined the ter the cell
Developed the microscope through which cells could be seen
Made of special proteins and rRNA and are the protein factories for cells
Stated that all plants are made of cells
Organisms are made of many cells
Wall Supports and protects the cell
ER Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
Fluid filled sacks for storage

32 Clues: Inside the nucleus • Powerhouse of the cell • Found in the cytoplasm • Has a smooth and rough __ • Helps maintain cell shape • Fluid filled sacks for storage • Specialize Form fits function • Organisms are made of many cells • Organisms are made of only one cell • ER Has ribosomes on its surface • Contains DNA in the corm of chromatin • ...

Year 8 Science: Cells & Microscopes 2016-08-08

Year 8 Science: Cells & Microscopes crossword puzzle

Across

The organelle in plant cells that perform photosynthesis
The process of plants transforming sunlight into energy
A microscope that uses 2 lenses, an objective lens and an eyepiece lens
The process of cells committing suicide
Blood cells that deliver oxygen to the body
What all living things are made up of
The 3 theories about how cells work
The dark, round orb that controls everything in a cell
The thin skin of cells which is the outermost layer of animal cells and underneath the cell wall in plant cells
The type of cells plants are made of
The unit of measurement that is equivalent to 1 millionth of a metre

Down

A microscope that uses light and magnifying lenses to see tiny objects
A thin sheet of material that forms a partition
The man who invented the microscope
A step in development
The part of a microscope or telescope that you look into
The part of the cell that makes protein
The lens in a microscope that is closest to the object being viewed
It is the male reproductive cell
The unit of measurement that is equal to 1 billionth of a metre
The process of cells multiplying
Existing before
The cells that are neurons
A curved piece of glass (or any transparent material) used for concentrating or dispersing light
The liquid in cells
A bubble or water balloon in a cell
The layer of matter around the cell membrane on plant cells
The biological process of cells absorbing things outside their membranes
The man who discovered cells

29 Clues: Existing before • The liquid in cells • A step in development • The cells that are neurons • The man who discovered cells • It is the male reproductive cell • The process of cells multiplying • The man who invented the microscope • A bubble or water balloon in a cell • The 3 theories about how cells work • The type of cells plants are made of • ...

IMM Crossword Puzzle 2022-09-26

Across

Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other
Cell adhesion molecule
the end stage of disease in HIV infection
Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct T-helper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others
Human immunodeficiency virus
Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen

Down

Nuclear factor of activated T cells: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
A mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
A cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
A molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together

37 Clues: Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • the end stage of disease in HIV infection • Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

BHS 316 ch8+9 crossword (RL) 2021-08-04

BHS 316 ch8+9 crossword (RL) crossword puzzle

Across

(2 word) The process of tolerance of self is also known as ______ ______, where T cells must NOT recognize the MHC-self peptide complexes presented on cells in the thymic medulla. This process eliminates self-reactive T cells.
(hyphenated) When bound to its ligand PD-1L, this protein inhibits the proliferation of previously activated T cells.
(1 word) The inner part of the thymus.
(2 words) _______ _______ epithelial cells are one of two cells involved in testing for tolerance of self. These cells use autophagy to present self antigens on MHC II molecules.
(hyphenated) A protein expressed on T cells that suppresses T cell activation because it has such a high affinity for the B7 protein on professional APCs. This makes B7 less likely to bind CD28 on T cells (which leads to T cell activation).
(2 word) The process of MHC restriction is also known as ______ ______, where T cells must have receptors that recognize one of the MHC-self peptide complexes on a cortical thymic epithelial cell to pass the “test.” This process eliminates T cells that recognize unpresented antigen.
(2 words) The process by which B cell receptors are tested to see if they recognize self antigens in the bone marrow.
(1 word) This abnormal method of self antigen presentation occurs when a cell digests its own innards and presents those self-peptides on class II MHC molecules.
(1 word) AICD works because a T cell becomes increasingly sensitive to ____ ligation the more times it is re-activated. This allows for most T cells to die after they’ve responded to a pathogen so we don’t have trillions of obsolete T cells in our bodies.
(1 word) Together, CTLA-4 and PD-1 function as ________ proteins, which help “decommission” T cells as the battle winds down.
(2 words) T cells that express both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors as they are being “educated” on tolerance of self are said to be _______-________ cells.

Down

(3 words) In this process, in case some naive T cells stray outside their prescribed traffic pattern and venture into the tissues, the peripheral tissues (ex. heart, kidney cells) will not express the co-stimulatory molecules necessary to activate the T cell.
(3 words) The process by which natural killer cells destroy our cells not displaying class I MHC molecules.
(2 words) B cells are tolerized in the ______ _______.
(2 words) _______ ______ cells are one of two cells implicated in testing for tolerance of self. Some of these cells can travel to the thymus from other parts of the body where they capture self antigens for presentation.
(4 words) The longevity of T cells can be a potential problem, and the solution to this is _______-________ _______ _______, which eliminates obsolete T cells after they’ve been re-stimulated many times.
(1 word) A type of regulatory T cell that helps to attenuate the immune response by protecting against self-reactive T cells.
(1 word) One of the ways to cease unneeded immune response is to ensure that many immune cells are ______-lived. ex. Neutrophils are programmed to die after a few days; plasma B cells die after about 5 days, etc.
(2 words) T cells that express only one of the co-receptor molecules (CD4 or CD8) are said to be ______-_______.
(3 words) The process of how T cells are first “educated” on tolerance of self, and it occurs in the thymus.
(1 word) The outer part of the thymus.
(1 word) Tolerance by ________ is the process by which TCRs with a low affinity, or self antigens that are rare, are so unlikely to ever encounter their respective self antigens or TCRs that the TCRs remain functionally “ignorant” of their presence.
(1 word) A type of regulatory T cell that helps to attenuate the immune response by preventing overreaction to foreign invaders, such as allergens.
(1 word) This occurs when a naive T cell can recognize its cognate antigen but does not receive the required co-stimulation from neighboring tissues. The T cell is said to be “neutered.”

24 Clues: (1 word) The inner part of the thymus. • (1 word) The outer part of the thymus. • (2 words) B cells are tolerized in the ______ _______. • (3 words) The process by which natural killer cells destroy our cells not displaying class I MHC molecules. • (3 words) The process of how T cells are first “educated” on tolerance of self, and it occurs in the thymus. • ...

Cells 2 2025-09-01

Across

specialized cell that gives rise to differentiated cells
group of cells of the same kind that perform a function
pocketlike folds in the cell membrane allowing the entrance and storage of large molecules
structure such as heart or kidney made of groups of tissues
formation of tumors
control center of the cell
pouchlike structures throughout the cytoplasm for storage

Down

tissue the covers the body and lines the inner cavities
tissue that joins body parts: bone, cartilage, fat, blood
number of cells increase due to increased cell division
cells enlarge because of inclreased proteins in cell membrane
tissue responsible for movement: smooth, skeletal, cardiac
size, shape, and strcture of mature cells becomes abnormal
the basic substance that fors the cell
specialized cell part analogous to an organ
group of organs that perform a function
growth, replication, and division of cells
tissue that sends electrical messages throughout the body

18 Clues: formation of tumors • control center of the cell • the basic substance that fors the cell • group of organs that perform a function • growth, replication, and division of cells • specialized cell part analogous to an organ • tissue the covers the body and lines the inner cavities • number of cells increase due to increased cell division • ...

Cells & Life 2025-10-03

Across

a membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis.
a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
the smallest unit of life.
a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell.
a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound.
a microscope that uses a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through an object or onto an object’s surface.
the theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.

Down

the process by which new organisms are produced.
membrane-surrounded component of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function.
a long chain of amino acid molecules; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
an organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change.
a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activity and contains genetic information stored in DNA.
a microscope that uses light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object.
a living thing that is made up of two or more cells.
the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane; contains salts and other molecules.
a living thing that is made up of only one cell.
a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms.

18 Clues: the smallest unit of life. • the process by which new organisms are produced. • a living thing that is made up of only one cell. • a living thing that is made up of two or more cells. • a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound. • a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. • ...

Cells Vocab 2015-10-27

Across

short hair-like projections that wave to help move cell
in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Respiration- the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
network of protein filaments that help a cell keeps its shape & helps with movement protein filaments called microtribules/ microfilaments
Apparatus- Golgi Complex
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein

Down

Envelope- surrounds nucleus & has thousands of pores allowing material in & out of nucleus
makes ribosomes inside nucleus
found in green plants & some protists; capturing sun energy & converting it to chemical energy
Wall- a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
thick fluid outside nucleus; throughout cells
transform chemical energy from food into useful energy for both plants & animals cells
strands of DNA located throughout nucleus
reticulum- a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
long whip-like projection that aid in movement; usually just 1 or 2
sac-like structure used for storage

18 Clues: Apparatus- Golgi Complex • makes ribosomes inside nucleus • sac-like structure used for storage • strands of DNA located throughout nucleus • a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein • thick fluid outside nucleus; throughout cells • a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes • short hair-like projections that wave to help move cell • ...

Cells BINGO 2015-10-28

Across

the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport
a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell
the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell
the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells
a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa
a plastid containing chlorophyll
a conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell

Down

A tubular membrane that transports materials
an organelle in the cytoplasm that produces energy
a central part about which other parts are grouped or gathered, in other words, the core
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence
a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles
plural form of cilium

18 Clues: plural form of cilium • a plastid containing chlorophyll • A tubular membrane that transports materials • an organelle in the cytoplasm that produces energy • a conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell • the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell • a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa • ...

Cells & Organelles 2014-02-21

Across

Site of protein synthesis in the cell
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is like the cell's ______ system
These cells have no true nucleus or organelles
Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes
Cellular powerhouse; site of photosynthesis
This organelle digests & recycles materials in the cell
Has a folded inner membrane with lots of enzymes
Protects plant, fungi and bacterial cells
Small extra loops of bacterial DNA

Down

These cells have a true nucleus and organelles
The only organelles possessed by prokaryotes
The cell membrane is made of a double layer of these
Usually the biggest organelle in an animal cell
Stores food, water and wastes; mainly in plants
Prokaryotes are also called these
The single, circular chromosome in a prokaryote
All living things are made of these
Everything inside the cell, except for the nucleus

18 Clues: Prokaryotes are also called these • Small extra loops of bacterial DNA • All living things are made of these • Site of protein synthesis in the cell • Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes • Protects plant, fungi and bacterial cells • Cellular powerhouse; site of photosynthesis • The only organelles possessed by prokaryotes • ...

Cells Vocabulary 2021-02-16

Across

A larger, more complex cell that stores its DNA in a nucleus. Animals and plants contain eukaryotic cells. These cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
The flexible outer covering surrounding every cell. It allows some things to pass through it, and others cannot pass through. Can be composed of one or more layers.
A stable internal environment
Storage areas for water, food, or waste products. Plants have a large central vacuole for water storage, while animal cells may have a few smaller vacuoles for waste.
A jell-o like fluid surrounding cell structures. Contains nutrients and water for the cell.
The rigid, outer layer of the cell that provides protection and support, surrounding the cell membrane. Found in plants, fungi and some bacteria only.
The “powerhouse of the cell”. Transforms food into energy.
Captures sunlight and converts it into energy through the process of photosynthesis. Only found in plant cells.
The “janitors” of the cell. Digests old, worn out cell parts. Found only in animal cells.

Down

Large, central organelle that contains DNA.
Makes proteins for the cell. The proteins they make can be either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
2 different types - smooth and rough E.R. (E.R. = endoplasmic reticulum). Smooth E.R. = has no attached ribosomes and detoxifies substances. Rough E.R. = has attached ribosomes and this is where proteins are made and modified.
A structure located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a specific function.
A very small, simple cell that has no nucleus. Bacteria (a single celled organism) is an example. Does NOT contain any organelles. They were the first organisms on Earth.
An individual living thing
The basic unit / building blocks of life.
The genetic material located in the nucleus that is the basis for all life.
Sorts and ships molecules like FedEx. Modifies & moves proteins from the ribosomes on the Rough E.R.

18 Clues: An individual living thing • A stable internal environment • The basic unit / building blocks of life. • Large, central organelle that contains DNA. • The “powerhouse of the cell”. Transforms food into energy. • The genetic material located in the nucleus that is the basis for all life. • A structure located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a specific function. • ...

Cells Crossword 2022-11-17

Across

Organelle that contains the genetic material and controls the functions of the cell
The powerhouse of the cell
The specialized structures of the cell that perform specific functions
A special type of cell division in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce gametes
Term for an organism made of two or more cells
Organelle responsible for absorbing sunlight during photosynthesis
Process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate their genetic material and then divide into two identical copies

Down

Reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction
First cell of an organism created through the fertilization of two gametes
Plant and animal cells are _______. This means they have a nucleus.
Term for an organism made of just one cell
Type of cell found in bacteria and do NOT contain a nucleus
Bundles of DNA wrapped around protein. Humans have 46 of them.
The liquid that fills the inside of cell
Organelles responsible for making proteins
The tiny living structures that make up all organisms
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic ______.
_______ cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into many different types of cells.

18 Clues: The powerhouse of the cell • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic ______. • The liquid that fills the inside of cell • Term for an organism made of just one cell • Organelles responsible for making proteins • Reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction • Term for an organism made of two or more cells • The tiny living structures that make up all organisms • ...

Lung Cells 2022-11-07

Across

What type of tissue does a lung cell contain
what is surrounded by the lung cell?
What is the shape of the lung cell?
lung cancer develops when normal lung cells ___
The green on the lung cell indicates what?
lung cells are found in the____?
Endothelial cells originate from?
Are Endothelial cells thick or thin?

Down

is the lung cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Epithelial cells are found on your skin, blood vessels and _____
lung cells line in the ______ and make mucus
Endothelial cells form form the inner lining of what?
Another word for a lung cell?
how many types of cells are found in the lungs
Where the DNA is found in a lung cell?
Epithelial tissue is composed of ____ layers
complex machine consisting of semi ridgid airway tubes
The "power house" of lung cell/cells?

18 Clues: Another word for a lung cell? • lung cells are found in the____? • Endothelial cells originate from? • What is the shape of the lung cell? • what is surrounded by the lung cell? • Are Endothelial cells thick or thin? • The "power house" of lung cell/cells? • Where the DNA is found in a lung cell? • The green on the lung cell indicates what? • ...

Cells Review 2023-09-27

Across

A German scientist who proved that cells come from other cells.
the semipermeable coating of the cell that allows certain things to pass by.
an organelle in cells where photosynthesis occurs
the chemical found in cells that is the main component of chromosomes and carries genetic information.
A German botanist who studied plants under the microscope and concluded that all plants are made of cells.
the stiff outer coating of plant, fungi and bacteria cells.
the jelly like fluid that holds the cell's organelles
An English scientist who used the word "cell" for the first time after looking at cork under the microscope.
any living thing.

Down

Invention that made it possible for scientists to develop cell theory?
organisms that do have a membrane bound nucleus surrounded by organelles
A German scientist who studied animals under the microscope and concluded that all animals are made of cells.
the powerhouse of the cell that gives energy
organisms that do not have a nucleus surrounded by membrane bound organelles
the part of a plant cell that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis occurs.
A scientist known as the "Father of Microbiology" who observed bacteria for the first time and named them animalcules.
the control center or brain of the cell where DNA is found
A Dutch scientist who is associated with the invention of the compound microscope and telescope.
the smallest fundamental unit of life

19 Clues: any living thing. • the smallest fundamental unit of life • the powerhouse of the cell that gives energy • an organelle in cells where photosynthesis occurs • the jelly like fluid that holds the cell's organelles • the control center or brain of the cell where DNA is found • the stiff outer coating of plant, fungi and bacteria cells. • ...

The Cells 2019-12-10

Across

It carries out electrical impulses around the body.(9)
Tiny building blocks that make up tissues.
They are on the outside of the cell and they are like tiny hairs.(5)
another name for early magnifiers.(9)
is another name for early lenses.(10)
A green substance that is essential for photosynthesis.(11)
A thing layer surrounding a cell and its function is control the movement in and out of the cell.(12)
It carries the father's genetic information and fertilises the egg.(9)
The action of breathing.(11)
A type of lens that is attached to a microscope.(12)

Down

A procedure.(8)
They layer outside of the plants that helps hold there shape.(8)
They are found inside cells and and chemical reaction occur.(9)
he is sometimes called the 'English Father of Microscopy.'(11)
it is derived from the word lentil.(4)
is sometimes called the father of Microscopy.(18)
A component of a plant that carries out photosynthesis.(12)
They work together in muscle tissue and their function is to contract and relax to allow movement.(10)

18 Clues: A procedure.(8) • The action of breathing.(11) • another name for early magnifiers.(9) • is another name for early lenses.(10) • it is derived from the word lentil.(4) • Tiny building blocks that make up tissues. • is sometimes called the father of Microscopy.(18) • A type of lens that is attached to a microscope.(12) • ...

The cells 2019-12-12

Across

it is like the nucleus but in an organism
loads of tissue cells to do a function
loads of organs working together to perform one function
uses calcium to create bones
carries oxygen around the organism
it structures the cell
a bunch of organ systems preforming different functions
an animal that only eats plants#
a type of organelle that is used to control functions in the cell

Down

an animal that eats both plants and meat
part of the CNS and the PNS
an animal that only eats meat
made up of a group of cells
teeth that are only found in carnivores
produces blood cells
this is made up by the brain and your spinal cord
made by all the nerves that connect to the CNS
the basic building block for any organism

18 Clues: produces blood cells • it structures the cell • part of the CNS and the PNS • made up of a group of cells • uses calcium to create bones • an animal that only eats meat • an animal that only eats plants# • carries oxygen around the organism • loads of tissue cells to do a function • teeth that are only found in carnivores • an animal that eats both plants and meat • ...

Blood Cells 2023-04-12

Across

squeezing of leukocytes through blood vessel wall
genetic blood disorder where RBC take on a curved shape
hemoglobin with no oxygen
production of red blood cells
the iron based component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen
type of white blood cell that directly attack specific micro organisms
oxygen-carrying molecule found on erythrocyte
type of white blood cell; causes allergy response
Y shaped proteins

Down

plasma proteins synthesized by liver
deficiency of red blood cells
first responders to site of infection
type of white blood cell active during allergic response
cancer of white blood cells
white blood cell
mature red blood cell
hemoglobin carrying oxygen bright red in color
clear straw-colored liquid portion of the blood

18 Clues: white blood cell • Y shaped proteins • mature red blood cell • hemoglobin with no oxygen • cancer of white blood cells • deficiency of red blood cells • production of red blood cells • plasma proteins synthesized by liver • first responders to site of infection • oxygen-carrying molecule found on erythrocyte • hemoglobin carrying oxygen bright red in color • ...

Cells Crossword 2025-09-18

Across

What has a whip-like tail that moves the cell?
Function, What is another word for the organelle's job?
Structure, What is the word for how an organelle looks?
What stores food, water, and more?
What are organisms with one or more cell called?
Apparatus, What releases vesicles?
What is the "powerhouse" of the cell?
What organelle does not have a nucleus?

Down

What are organisms with one cell?
True or false? Only Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes
cell, Which cell have a square-like shape?
What is an organelle with a nucleus?
wall, What provides structure?
What does protein synthesis?
membrane, What maintains homeostasis?
What controls waste disposal?
What are small hair-like projections that move the cell?
Light Microscope, What microscope can see basic cells?
What are found in organisms that do photosynthesis?
ER, What Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes attached?

20 Clues: What does protein synthesis? • What controls waste disposal? • wall, What provides structure? • What are organisms with one cell? • What stores food, water, and more? • Apparatus, What releases vesicles? • What is an organelle with a nucleus? • membrane, What maintains homeostasis? • What is the "powerhouse" of the cell? • What organelle does not have a nucleus? • ...

Unit 5 Vocabulary 2025-03-14

Across

cells that have a true nucleus
two or more atoms bonded together
cells with no true nucleus
organisms made of more than one cell
if it is not a science law then it is a ________
all cells come from _______ cells
outside layer of the cell is called a plasma __
an organelle that stores food, water and waste
formed when multiple cells joining together
when two or more tissues combine to do a job
made when multiple organ systems work together
building blocks of all matter

Down

when multiple organs combine to perform a job
organelles that perform photosynthesis in plants
the control center of the cell
when cells maintain normal conditions
basic unit of life
small parts of a eukaryotic cell
a fluid that fills the cell
organisms made of one cell
the organelle that creates energy in a cell
only found in plant cells inside the membrane
all cells perform basic life _____________

23 Clues: basic unit of life • cells with no true nucleus • organisms made of one cell • a fluid that fills the cell • building blocks of all matter • cells that have a true nucleus • the control center of the cell • small parts of a eukaryotic cell • two or more atoms bonded together • all cells come from _______ cells • organisms made of more than one cell • ...

Cells Crossword 2017-03-04

Across

large mass of similar cells that makes up part of an organism
it stores and transports products, and digests metabolic wastes
breks down food molecules
an activity intended for a thing
orginisams with compex cells
a type of cell division that divides the nucleus into 4 nuclei
the power house of the cell
a part that is inclosed into its own membrane,only found in eukaryotic cells
complex takes proteins which are created by ribosomes and makes them bigger and better
system group of organs that work together to complete a function

Down

the central part of most cells
cell structures that make protein
reticulm network of tubular membranes
a living thing that has the ability to act or function on its own.
procces in which nucleus divides and has 4 stages (P.M.A.T)
the basic unit of living this except viruses
simpilest living things(bacteria)
a group of tissues in a living thing that have a specific form and function

18 Clues: breks down food molecules • the power house of the cell • orginisams with compex cells • the central part of most cells • an activity intended for a thing • cell structures that make protein • simpilest living things(bacteria) • reticulm network of tubular membranes • the basic unit of living this except viruses • procces in which nucleus divides and has 4 stages (P.M.A.T) • ...

Cells Vocabulary 2022-10-05

Across

cancer causing agents; chemicals that cause cancer by mutating DNA
region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched
uncontrolled cell division
composed of one cell
undifferentiated cells that can become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells
a section of DNA with instructions for making a protein
what gets dissolved
composed of many cells that may organize into tissues
need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
uniform mixture of two or more substances

Down

one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information
ends of the DNA molecule
specialized structures within the cell that work together to help the cell function
amount of solute dissolved in solvent
a repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells
a process that creates special structures and functions
spreading of disease from one organ to others
two identical chromatids

18 Clues: what gets dissolved • composed of one cell • ends of the DNA molecule • two identical chromatids • uncontrolled cell division • amount of solute dissolved in solvent • uniform mixture of two or more substances • spreading of disease from one organ to others • region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched • composed of many cells that may organize into tissues • ...

plant cells 2023-06-01

Across

are the smallest membrane
is a rigid layer
stabilty, movement, and supports of the human body
is a network of bubbles
responsible for bring oxygen into the body
contains chlorophyll
is a large membrane
responsible for communicating messages for the brain and body

Down

is contained with in the nucleus
controls the absorption
controls the movement of blood
membrane is a barrier around
sorts important proteins
is the control centre of the cell
produce energy
contain the digestive enzymes
provides support for the internal structures
barrier around the cell

18 Clues: produce energy • is a rigid layer • is a large membrane • contains chlorophyll • controls the absorption • is a network of bubbles • barrier around the cell • sorts important proteins • are the smallest membrane • membrane is a barrier around • contain the digestive enzymes • controls the movement of blood • is contained with in the nucleus • is the control centre of the cell • ...

Plant Cells 2025-09-04

Across

where photosynthesis occurs in the cell
study of grapes and vines
breaks down waste inside the cell
transports materials and messages
makes proteins
control center of the cell

Down

were first people to use horticulture practices
makes ribosomes
helps with cell division
jelly like substance inside the cell
study of fruits, grains and nuts
controls what goes in and out of the cell
study of flowers
Powerhouse of the cell, makes energy
study of vegetables
stores water
protects the inside of the cell and provides support
packages and transports proteins

18 Clues: stores water • makes proteins • makes ribosomes • study of flowers • study of vegetables • helps with cell division • study of grapes and vines • control center of the cell • study of fruits, grains and nuts • packages and transports proteins • breaks down waste inside the cell • transports materials and messages • jelly like substance inside the cell • ...

Cell Structure 2014-06-30

Across

Non living material which gives cells structure (4,4)
Plant cells are often this shape
Light + CO2 + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen
These structures absorb light for photoisynthesis
CELLWALL is made from this carbohydrate
Specialised structures found within cells
Green pigment found within CHLOROPLASTS
Oxygen + Glucose -> CO2 + Water + Energy
Membrane-bound structure found within cells; contains SAP
These cells have a CELLWALL
The CELLMEMBRANE in inside the CELLWALL
Contains DNA

Down

Contain genes, which are made from DNA
Jelly-like living substance that makes up a cell
These cells may contain VACULOES, but they are small and temporary
PROTEINS used to catalyse reactions in cells
Microscope with very high magnification power
Used to release energy during respiration
Selectively permeable barrier of the cell (4,8)
The VACULOE within plant cells is __________ (as opposed to animal cells)
Store of dissolved sugars, minerals and other solutes (4,3)
Genes are used to make these

22 Clues: Contains DNA • These cells have a CELLWALL • Genes are used to make these • Plant cells are often this shape • Contain genes, which are made from DNA • Light + CO2 + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen • CELLWALL is made from this carbohydrate • Green pigment found within CHLOROPLASTS • The CELLMEMBRANE in inside the CELLWALL • Oxygen + Glucose -> CO2 + Water + Energy • ...

MCDB 3150 - Cancer Crossword 2023-12-03

MCDB 3150 - Cancer Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

Guardian of the Genome
Abnormal increase in the number of normal looking cells in a tissue
uncontrolled cancer cells that grow as a mass
The “wheel of death”
Protected from the DNA damage response due to their T-loop structure
When cancer cells invade and spread to surrounding tissue
Key regulator of angiogenesis, its initials stand for a factor that promotes the formation of blood vessels.
Arises from cells derived from mesenchyme
A complete loss of differentiation in a tissue
Cancer of the blood
Cancer cells causing the immune cells to not function properly
Cytochrome C is released from the ______
Genes that, when hyperactive, promote cancer development
Cancers of cells originating and residing in the lymphatic system

Down

Chemical DNA damage that cleaves N‐glycosidic bonds
Class of enzymes involved in DNA supercoiling
A group of proteases capable of eating a cell from within; activated by cytochrome C
The formation of new blood vessels, crucial for tissue growth and repair
Associates with foreign bodies to degrade in the lysosome
the surname of the scientist who discovered the first human oncogene (Ras)
Universal factor driving cells into Metaphase
Cells or tissues with normal oxygen levels
A feature of cancer cells that describes how they divide independently of other cells
programmed cell death
Regulate CDKs
The study and diagnosis of a disease
A tumor with cells that have the potential to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body
Activated mostly by double-stranded breaks
Antibody-producing cells
Cells or tissues with low oxygen levels

30 Clues: Regulate CDKs • Cancer of the blood • The “wheel of death” • programmed cell death • Guardian of the Genome • Antibody-producing cells • The study and diagnosis of a disease • Cells or tissues with low oxygen levels • Cytochrome C is released from the ______ • Arises from cells derived from mesenchyme • Cells or tissues with normal oxygen levels • ...

Blood Crossword Puzel 2020-04-17

Across

red blood cells
where new blood cells are created
white blood cells
clear yellowish portion of whole blood
made out of plasma red-, white blood cells and platelets
this allows a rbc to fit into and go thru very tight spaces
abnormally high blood pressure
where old blood cells are eliminated
abnormal blood clot
binds to oxygen
major systemic artery; arises from the left ventricle of the heart
function of white blood cells

Down

body defense itself with
red blood cells
discharging chambers of the heart
method to replace a high loss of blood
low red blood cell count
what type of cell is responsible for most types of blood cell production
formation of blood cells
white blood cells which produce antibodies
shape of a red blood cell

21 Clues: red blood cells • red blood cells • binds to oxygen • white blood cells • abnormal blood clot • body defense itself with • low red blood cell count • formation of blood cells • shape of a red blood cell • function of white blood cells • abnormally high blood pressure • where new blood cells are created • discharging chambers of the heart • where old blood cells are eliminated • ...

Cells and cell division 2025-12-16

Cells and cell division crossword puzzle

Across

to make an exact copy
respiration happens here
red blood cells do not have one of these
when a cell divides to produce two identical copies they are called this
how many times bigger?
are made of DNA
happens in the chloroplasts
a sperm cell has one of these
white blood cells produce these
we use this to look at very small things
these cells contract

Down

cells without a nucleus
a web of fibres in cell division
plant cells have these in the centre
the layer on the outside of all cells
cell division of eukaryotic cells
a small ring of DNA found in bacteria
the cytoplasm divides and new cell membranes form
protein synthesis happens here
these cells do not have a cell wall
these reproduce by binary fission

21 Clues: are made of DNA • these cells contract • to make an exact copy • how many times bigger? • cells without a nucleus • respiration happens here • happens in the chloroplasts • a sperm cell has one of these • protein synthesis happens here • white blood cells produce these • a web of fibres in cell division • cell division of eukaryotic cells • these reproduce by binary fission • ...

Cells and Kingdoms 2021-11-13

Across

Makes ribosomes
Controls the cell
Concluded that all cells come from other cells
Outer boundary. Controls what goes in or out.
Has a nucleus
Collects proteins and exports them
Said all animals are made of cells
Single celled organism
Organizes the cell for division
Gets energy from other organisms
used for movement
also used for movement
Structural layer surrounding plant cells
Makes proteins
a group of cells
Modifies proteins (use abbreviation)
Came up with the word cell by looking at a cork
Produces energy
Has no nucleus
The fluid that fills the cell
any living thing

Down

First to study cells. He called them animacules
Protein framework in the cell
Stores water and important materials
Produces energy from the sun in plant cells
Break down large food and old cell parts
parts of cells
Gets energy from dead matter
Said all plants are made of cells
Many celled organism
Makes it's own energy

31 Clues: Has a nucleus • parts of cells • Makes proteins • Has no nucleus • Makes ribosomes • Produces energy • a group of cells • any living thing • Controls the cell • used for movement • Many celled organism • Makes it's own energy • Single celled organism • also used for movement • Gets energy from dead matter • Protein framework in the cell • The fluid that fills the cell • ...

Exam 1 2024-12-09

Across

The largest artery in the body.
The process to stop bleeding.
The lower chambers of the heart.
A condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells.
A protein that may be present on the surface of red blood cells.
The liquid component of blood.
The breakdown of a blood clot.
The percentage of blood volume that is red blood cells.
White blood cells involved in immunity.
A condition characterized by a low platelet count.

Down

Cell fragments that play a role in clotting.
Antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type.
The process of producing red blood cells.
A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to assume an abnormal shape.
The process of blood clot formation.
A condition where tissues are deprived of oxygen.
Another name for the mitral valve of the heart.
Red blood cells that transport oxygen.
A substance that prevents blood clotting.
The protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

20 Clues: The process to stop bleeding. • The liquid component of blood. • The breakdown of a blood clot. • The largest artery in the body. • The lower chambers of the heart. • The process of blood clot formation. • Red blood cells that transport oxygen. • White blood cells involved in immunity. • The process of producing red blood cells. • A substance that prevents blood clotting. • ...

Immune system 1 2024-11-26

Across

one of the 4 signs of an inflammatory response
immunity that takes 4-7 days to respond
immunity that responds immediately
antiviral chemical
complement protein that binds to bacteria and facilitates phagocytosis
cells that release histamine
cells of the immune system
one of the 4 signs of an inflammatory response
chemical that initiated inflammation
protein system that identifies and kills bacteria
cells innate cells that link innate and adaptive responses by bringing antigens to adaptive cells
viral component that triggers innate response

Down

innate cells that identifies and kills virally infected cells
phagocyte that is first to respond and produces oxidative burst
enzyme found in tears and saliva
phagocyte that cleans up debris generated during and after infection
protein of complement system that initiates formation of MAC that causes cell lysis
enzyme that breaks NAG NAM bonds in peptidoglycan
complement protein that binds mast cells and triggers release of histamine
proteins recognized by adaptive response
immunity that responds to bacterial structures like teichoic acids and lipid A
burst release of reactive oxygen that kills bacteria
cells that recognize and engulf pathogens
environment that prevents microbial growth

24 Clues: antiviral chemical • cells of the immune system • cells that release histamine • enzyme found in tears and saliva • immunity that responds immediately • chemical that initiated inflammation • immunity that takes 4-7 days to respond • proteins recognized by adaptive response • cells that recognize and engulf pathogens • environment that prevents microbial growth • ...

Hematopoiesis 2020-01-06

Across

The gene that is most commonly mutated in PMF.
The blood cells involved in the immune response in the body.
The white blood cells that do not circulate regularly, but are released from the bone marrow as part of an immune response.
There are two systems for classifying AML: BLANK and WHO.
The part of blood responsible for clotting.
What kind of cells are produced by B cells?
How many major subtypes of leukemia are there?
How many types of T-cells are there?
The type of leukemia that produces partly matured cells that look ~normal, but do not function well.
A disorder whereby myeloid cells and fibroblasts are overproduced.
Where the bone marrow is found in the bones.
The lineage of blood cells that include the rbc, platelets, mast cells, monocytes, and granulocytes.
A malignancy of the cells.
What cell type forms thrombocytes?
The chromosome that is found in 95% of CML cases.
The place where blood forms in the earliest embryonic stage.
The lineage of blood cells that includes the B, T, and NK cells.
The model that we use to study embryonic hematopoiesis.
The cells involved in the allergic response.
The thing that is lacking in erythrocytes and thrombocytes.
The largest blood cells

Down

The type of leukemia that grows faster but is easier to treat.
The RBC found in PMF patients have this abnormal shape as a feature of the disease.
The red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The most common type of blood cancer, which can originate in bone marrow and lymph organs.
The formation of blood cells occurs via BLANK.
The stage of blood development whereby blood develops in blood vessels.
The cells that have a tree-like appearance. They may be from the myeloid lineage, but it is unclear. They display antigens for T-cells.
An irregularly-shaped cell, it may be involved in inflammation and may regulate helper T-cells.
All cancers are BLANKs.
The cell type that is overproduced in FL.
The most common immune cell.
The stage of hematopoiesis in the fetus where both the myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells start dividing.
The kind of cell that comes from monocytes.
The stage of blood development that starts at the 5th month.
The bone marrow type where blood is formed post-natally.
An immune cell with a double-lobed nucleus that may defend against parasites.
The lymphoid cells that mature in the thymus.
A co-stimulatory molecule that can activate lymphocytes.

39 Clues: All cancers are BLANKs. • The largest blood cells • A malignancy of the cells. • The most common immune cell. • What cell type forms thrombocytes? • How many types of T-cells are there? • The cell type that is overproduced in FL. • The part of blood responsible for clotting. • What kind of cells are produced by B cells? • The kind of cell that comes from monocytes. • ...

Immunology 2022-10-03

Across

Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
what does IR stand for?
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
this is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
the Ag receptor on T cells
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another

Down

the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
the end stage of disease in HIV infection
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
this fragment of antibody consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other
a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells

34 Clues: what does IR stand for? • the Ag receptor on T cells • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • the end stage of disease in HIV infection • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Immune System Terms 2022-02-01

Across

type of white blood cell that ingests invading microbes
killer cells,A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells
that are made at the site of an infection
substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.
determinants (epitopes),Parts of the antigens that the immune system recognizes
in the respiratory system that traps pathogens and prevents them from entering the body
compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections
Cells,Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),Molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system
memory,The capacity of the immune system to make quicker and stronger adaptive immune responses the next encounter with an antigen
deletion,Removal of b-cells and t-cells through apoptosis
selection,The process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for the antigen causes an immune response
region,Antigen binding site
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus
Defenses,surface barriers and internal defenses
released by the immune system communicate with the brain.
immunodeficiency virus (HIV),Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infections
cells,Cells that release signaling molecules to stimulate the immune response
region,Portion of an antibody molecule that is not variable and participates in the binding of other immune modulators
cells,Muscle cells or gland cells that carry out the body's response to stimuli
recognition receptors (PRRs),Proteins on or in cells that recognize specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the presence of invading microbes or damage
T cells,Control the T-cell response
C,A immune cell that can kill certain cells such as foreign cells, cancer cells, and infected cells.

Down

localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
enzymes found on the skin
immune system response
immune response,Specific defense that uses T cells
presentation,The process by which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell
defences,humoral immunity and cellular immunity
hypersensitive to a external molecule
immune response,Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged
immune response,The initial immune response to an antigen
enzyme that is used by macrophages to destroy pathogens
that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body
causing agents
immune response,The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids
blood cells,Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms
cells,Produce antibodies
extreme response by the body to a infection
of immune response to one's own tissues
to disease
diseases,Diseases caused when the immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules in the body.
cells,Responsible for immunological memory and protective immunity
necrosis,Necrosis that may occur in rapidly growing neoplasms that out-grow their blood supply

45 Clues: to disease • causing agents • immune system response • cells,Produce antibodies • enzymes found on the skin • region,Antigen binding site • T cells,Control the T-cell response • hypersensitive to a external molecule • of immune response to one's own tissues • that are made at the site of an infection • extreme response by the body to a infection • ...

Cell Theory 2023-07-31

Across

He stated all cells come from other cells based on other persons work.
All cells are the basic structure of all living things.
He studied animals and said cells come from spontaneous generation.
Schleiden thought this about cells.
He named them animalcules.
He came up with the term cells.
He studied plants and said cells come from other living things.
Hooke was looking at when he used the term cell.

Down

All cells are composed of one or more cells.
Used to look at very small objects.
All cells come from other preexisting cells.
Made up of various things.
He created the first compound microscope.
Basic structure and unit of all living things.
Schwann thought cells come from other cells.
His work was used by Virchow to support Schleiden's work.

16 Clues: Made up of various things. • He named them animalcules. • He came up with the term cells. • Used to look at very small objects. • Schleiden thought this about cells. • He created the first compound microscope. • All cells are composed of one or more cells. • All cells come from other preexisting cells. • Schwann thought cells come from other cells. • ...

Development of T cells 2023-03-28

Across

A subset of CD4 T cells is called _______ CD4 T cells.
commit to the T-cell lineage before rearranging their T-cell receptor genes
_____ involution the shrinking age of thymus with age
T-cell development gives rise to to two functionally different _______ of T cells.
_______ of an autoreactive CD4 T cell by a regulatory T cell is dependent on the interaction of both T cells with same antigen-presenting cell.
consits of mature thymocytes, medullary epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and amcrophages
MHC class I proteins display antigens from _______ pathogens.
______ syndrome is a disorder caused when a small part of chromosome 22 is missing.
T cells specific for self antigens are removed in the thymus by negative selection.
MHC class II proteins are recognized by ______ T-cells.
________ selection takes place in the cortex of the thymus.
consists of immature thymocytes, branched cortical epithelial cells, and a few macrophages.

Down

MHC class II proteins display antigens from _____ pathogens.
The proportion of the thymus that produces T cells ______ with age.
________ is dedicated to T-cell development and contains immature T cells, called thymocytes, which are embedded in a network of epithelial cells known as the thymic stroma.
Once a developing thymocyte expresses an α:β receptor and CD4
double ______ is both CD4+CD8+
T cells that undergo apoptosis are ingested by _______ in the thymic cortex.
double _____ cell has no CD4 or CD8
Positive selection determines _______ of either the CD4 or the CD9 co-receptor.
CD8 on its surface, it undergoes two types of selection— positive and negative—both of which involve ________ the receptor’s interactions with the complexes of self peptides bound by self-MHC molecules on the surface of thymic cells
MHC class I proteins are recognized by _____ T-cells.

22 Clues: double ______ is both CD4+CD8+ • double _____ cell has no CD4 or CD8 • _____ involution the shrinking age of thymus with age • MHC class I proteins are recognized by _____ T-cells. • A subset of CD4 T cells is called _______ CD4 T cells. • MHC class II proteins are recognized by ______ T-cells. • MHC class II proteins display antigens from _____ pathogens. • ...

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle 2022-10-03

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

Human immunodeficiency virus
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Cluster of differentiation
Antigen presenting cell
Cell mediated immunity
lipopolysaccharide
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Complementarity determining regions
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body.
Interleukin
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
Recombination-activating gene
intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells.
Recombination signal sequences

Down

Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
Human leukocyte antigen
Major histocompatibility complex
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
c-reactive protein
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
immune response
Toll-like receptor
Cell adhesion molecule
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus

32 Clues: Interleukin • immune response • lipopolysaccharide • c-reactive protein • Toll-like receptor • Cell mediated immunity • Cell adhesion molecule • Human leukocyte antigen • Antigen presenting cell • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes • Cluster of differentiation • tumor necrosis factor-alpha • Human immunodeficiency virus • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Recombination-activating gene • ...

Cells by Ericka Alvarado 2022-12-15

Cells by Ericka Alvarado crossword puzzle

Across

a constant internal environment maintained by cells
smallest unit of life
surrounds the outside of all cells
lower concentration than solution being compared
organisms made of more than one cell working together
what process takes place inside the chloroplast
long whip like structures found on the some cells to help them move
control center of eukaryote cells
made of RNA and proteins and where proteins are made

Down

organelle inside the nucleus that makes ribosome
greater concentration than solution being compared
a double layer of these molecules make up the plasma membrane
structures in the nucleus made of DNA and proteins
made of cellulose and surrounds the outside of plant cells
centrioles are found in what type of cells
cells with a true nucleus
movement of water in the cell membrane all over than membrane
Idea that all living things are made of cells
cells like bacteria without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
cell structures that perform specific functions for the cell

20 Clues: smallest unit of life • cells with a true nucleus • control center of eukaryote cells • surrounds the outside of all cells • centrioles are found in what type of cells • Idea that all living things are made of cells • what process takes place inside the chloroplast • organelle inside the nucleus that makes ribosome • lower concentration than solution being compared • ...

The Immune Response 2024-03-21

Across

___ cells. Gives rise to both myeloid and lymphoid cells, respectively
55% component of blood
An immune response stimulated by infection. Characterized by swelling, redness, pain, and heat
Innate lymphocytes that secrete cytokines to kill infected cells
Barrier that is reliant on lowering pH to provide nonspecific defense
Transmembrane proteins that recognize PAMPs and trigger internal signaling reactions in self cells (3 letters)
Most abundant leukocyte.
PRR, in long form
The scientific study of the immune system
Cell characterized by CD8 and CD4 types

Down

Interferes with viral infections of host cells. Type of cytokine
Complement pathway that relies on Mannose-binding lectin
The ingestion of cells by other cells
Antibody protein
Occurs in the bone marrow. Process of pluripotent stem cells differentiating into other RBCs
Type of immunity that provides non-specific defense
Barrier like the epidermis that prevents infection
General type of molecule that cytokines and chemokines belong to (2 words)
Type of immunity that provides specific defense
White blood cells

20 Clues: Antibody protein • White blood cells • PRR, in long form • 55% component of blood • Most abundant leukocyte. • The ingestion of cells by other cells • Cell characterized by CD8 and CD4 types • The scientific study of the immune system • Type of immunity that provides specific defense • Barrier like the epidermis that prevents infection • ...

Cell History, Theory, Parts/Function 2023-10-31

Cell History, Theory, Parts/Function crossword puzzle

Across

observed bacteria and microorganisms using the term "animalcules"
converts glucose into ATP
type of cell that does not have a nucleus
environment between the cell membrane and nucleus
provides strength and support to plant cells
controls the materials moving in and out of the cell
packages and labels proteins
control center for the cell; contains DNA
hypothesized that cells come from preexisting cells
transports materials (proteins) through the cell

Down

type of cell that contain a nucleus
converts light into glucose
hair-like proteins that move the cell
hypothesized that all animals are made of cells
all living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, cells are the basic unit of life
hypothesized that all plants are made of cells
used the word "cell" for the first time while observing cork
breaks down waste
assemble proteins
stores water, nutrients, and waste
tail-like proteins that move the cell

21 Clues: breaks down waste • assemble proteins • converts glucose into ATP • converts light into glucose • packages and labels proteins • stores water, nutrients, and waste • type of cell that contain a nucleus • hair-like proteins that move the cell • tail-like proteins that move the cell • type of cell that does not have a nucleus • control center for the cell; contains DNA • ...

Jayla's cell puzzle 2025-10-02

Across

the powerhouse of the cell
membrane controls what enters and exits the cell
are ancient bacteria with unique adaptions to extreme environments
Mitochondria is known as the power house of the cells
storage room for cells and keeps everything safe
Small organs inside the cell that all perform a specific function
The prefix in prokaryotes that means before
The basic unit of life
The control center of the cell
Tiny organelles that hold proteins

Down

what makes plants green
breaks down waste in the cells
The packaging and shipping center of the cells
living
non living
the prefix in abiotic that means without
All cells come from existing cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells are made from existing cells
jelly like filling inside the cells
multicellular organisms that decompose organic material
The outer wall inside of a plant cell that protects and holds the structure of the cell

20 Clues: living • non living • The basic unit of life • what makes plants green • the powerhouse of the cell • breaks down waste in the cells • The control center of the cell • Tiny organelles that hold proteins • jelly like filling inside the cells • the prefix in abiotic that means without • The prefix in prokaryotes that means before • The packaging and shipping center of the cells • ...

Cells and Microscopy 2024-11-07

Across

Part of microscope where the slide is put
____ slip glass square put on top of specimens.
Creates proteins
Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Cells that do not have a nucleus
Cell _____ supports the cell
Part of the microscope you look through
Cells that have a nucleus
The ability to distinguish between two points.
Chemical used to stain onion cells
The degree to which an image is larger than the object.

Down

Plants, animals and ____ are eukaryotic cells.
Releases energy
Contains cell sap
Microscopes with low magnification
Controls the cell
Site of chemical reactions
What is a plant's cell wall made from?
_____ lens used to view cells
____ capsule found outside bacterial cells
Structures that allow bacterial cells to swim
Microscopes with high resolution
Equipment used to view cells
Cell ______ controls what enters and leaves the cell
Small circles of DNA
Glass where specimens are put for microscopes use
Small parts found inside cells

27 Clues: Releases energy • Creates proteins • Contains cell sap • Controls the cell • Small circles of DNA • Cells that have a nucleus • Site of chemical reactions • Cell _____ supports the cell • Equipment used to view cells • _____ lens used to view cells • Small parts found inside cells • Cells that do not have a nucleus • Microscopes with high resolution • Microscopes with low magnification • ...

Human Body System 2022-03-30

Across

lubricate skin and hair
Includes the skull,column, ribs, and the sternum
The second layer of skin
cells in fetal cartilage develop into bone farming cells
Provides strength and protection
Tough bands of connective tissue that attach one bone to another
hair cells grow out of narrow cavities in the dermis
Outer superficial layer of skin

Down

Made of spongy bone that surrounds the fracture
Mostly made of fat and contains stem cells
Includes the bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, legs and feet
Bones require different amount of time to heal
Break down bone cells
contains blood stem cells
"The body's natural painkillers"
Living bone cells
A protein when waterproofs and protects the cells and tissue that lie underneath
The formation of bone from osteoblasts
Less dense and has many cavities that contain bone marrow
A pigment that absorbs light energy which protects deeper cells from the damaging effects

20 Clues: Living bone cells • Break down bone cells • lubricate skin and hair • The second layer of skin • contains blood stem cells • Outer superficial layer of skin • "The body's natural painkillers" • Provides strength and protection • The formation of bone from osteoblasts • Mostly made of fat and contains stem cells • Bones require different amount of time to heal • ...

BG-G5-TUE Wk 12 (ONLINE) 2023-10-17

BG-G5-TUE Wk 12 (ONLINE) crossword puzzle

Across

type of Artificially produced antibodies, specific to one epitope
White blood cells responsible for producing antibodies (6 letters)
Enhanced by agglutination of bacteria, Neutralisation & Precipitation of dissolved antigens
Body's outer covering (4 letters)
differentiates into a macrophage(8 letters)
Antigenic determinants
relating to the body fluids, especially with regard to immune responses involving antibodies in body fluids as distinct from cells.
B cells or T cells ) are derived from undifferentiated stem cells
stimulated by macrophages
bind to receptors on helper T cells & lymphocytes

Down

Secrete antigen specific antibodies
Swelling and redness often associated with injury or infection (12 letters)
Proteins responsible for presenting antigens to helper T cells (7 letters)
Time after an initial infection before antibodies are produced
These cells are dormant/G0 phase until activated
This cell gives rise to memory T cells and active cytotoxic T cells
trigger programmed cell death
Most abundant in primary and secondary immune responses
Antigen presenting cell

19 Clues: Antigenic determinants • Antigen presenting cell • stimulated by macrophages • trigger programmed cell death • Body's outer covering (4 letters) • Secrete antigen specific antibodies • differentiates into a macrophage(8 letters) • These cells are dormant/G0 phase until activated • bind to receptors on helper T cells & lymphocytes • ...

Cellular Therapy 2024-09-04

Across

stem cells start to grow and make healthy blood cells
cancer that begins in the lymph system
all BMT and CAR-T polices can be found here
medications are given to push stem cells into the peripheral blood for collection
transplant from a matched donor
medication used to protect against Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
starts at day +180 to protect from infectious diseases
occurs at all stages of cellular therapy
formation of blood cellular components
test to determine if donor is a match
person receiving the bone marrow transplant
cancer of the blood cells
donor cells attack the recipient
ANC low or absent

Down

first line treatment for GVHD
common complication of the oral cavity after transplant due to chemo and GVH prophylaxis
% donor cells vs recipient cells
best treatment of GVHD
Myeloma, cancer that starts in the plasma cells
chemotherapy prepares the body for cellular therapy infusion
neurotoxicity from CAR-T
process of collecting stem cells from the peripheral blood
chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
collection of stem cells from the bone marrow
national database for cellular therapy research
common target organ of GVHD
hallmark presenting sign of CRS (Cytokine Release Syndrome)
transplant from recipient's own stem cells
bone marrow transplant

29 Clues: ANC low or absent • best treatment of GVHD • bone marrow transplant • neurotoxicity from CAR-T • cancer of the blood cells • common target organ of GVHD • first line treatment for GVHD • transplant from a matched donor • % donor cells vs recipient cells • donor cells attack the recipient • test to determine if donor is a match • cancer that begins in the lymph system • ...

CARDIAC MUSCLE 2019-12-11

Across

When a cardiac muscle cell contracts, the ________ filament pulls the actin filaments toward each other.
Cardiac cells have only a single _________.
Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________.
The cell uses ATP to ______ this contraction.
Pacemaker cells control the ________ of your heart.
Cardiac muscle fibers also possess many mitochondria and _______.
The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood.
_________ of cardiac muscle is pumping blood.
Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle fibers are ________ than skeletal muscle fibers.
Your nervous system sends _________ to pacemaker cells that prompt them to either speed up or slow down your heart rate.
Pacemaker cells are ________ to other cardiac muscle cells, allowing them to pass along signals.

Down

The heart acts as a pump to propel blood through the _______ vessels.
Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus.
Cardiac muscle tissue is one of the three types of _______ tissue.
Cardiac muscle also called heart muscle or ________.
cardiac muscle has __________.
Cardiac muscle cells appear striated or striped under a __________.
Cells joined end-to-end with ________ disk in between.
Its contraction is not under ________ control.
This through specialized cells called _______ cells.
Involuntary heart ________ also a function of cardiac muscle.
________ muscle is found in the heart wall.

23 Clues: cardiac muscle has __________. • Cardiac cells have only a single _________. • ________ muscle is found in the heart wall. • Cardiac cells have only a _________ nucleus. • Cardiac muscle cells also contain _________. • Exercise can __________ your cardiac muscle. • The cell uses ATP to ______ this contraction. • The heart acts as a ________ to propel blood. • ...

BHS 316 Exam #2 Review 2025-08-06

Across

protein created by B cells that bind to specific antigens
when T cells only recognize and react to antigens presented in context of specific MHC molecules
important signaling protein or cytokine that WBCs make, especially in T lymphocytes
protein on surface of T cells that are co-stimulatory recpetors. Enhances signaling of TCR and helps with cytokine production by binding to ligands CD80/B71 and CD86/B72 that are expressed on APCs
also called CD4+ T cells, important in adaptive immune system. In charge of immune responses that release cytokines and chemokines, which help trigger other immune cell functions for cells like B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
process when immune cells increase in number with cell division
protein on surface of T cells that control T cell activation and maintain immune tolerance & suppress autoimmune reactions.
type of receptor on B cells that notice free antigens
type of molecules that present antigens to T cells
T cell marker in cytotoxic T cells, bind to MHC class I
small masses of lymphatic tissue in lining of small intestine, specifically ileium. Important for GALT and monitor contents of digestive tract, trigger immune responses
second signal needed for full T cell activation and facilitated by APCs
Marker for helper T cells, binds to MHC class II
kind of secondary lymphoid tissue in mucosal membranes in body. Trigger immune responses to antigens found on mucosal surfaces (gastrointestinal, respoiratory, genitrouinary tracts). encapsulated and directly samples antigens from outer surrounding with epithelial cells/M cells
molecules important for triggering immune responses by presenting peptide antigens to CD4+ T cells. Found mostly on surface of APCs. Important in cellular and humoral immunity. Also important in autoimmune disease and organ transplants.
type of immune cell that works to connect innate and adaptive immune systems. Share features with T cells and NK cells
creates signals from the immune system that helps communicate responses

Down

kind of lymphocyte that continues to react fast against future infections
type of WBC, also CD8+ T cell, or killer T cell that is an important role in adaptive immune system, direct recognition and destruction of infected cells in a antigen-specific way
specialized blood vessels within lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs. Important for facilitating circulation in lymphocytes in blood to immune tissues and triggering immune responses.Are plump, cube shaped endothelial cells that express adhesion molecules that allow specific recruitment of lymphocytes
kind of cell that triggers T cell responses
specialized cells (ex. dendritic, macrophages) that present antigens
kind of B cell that secretes a lot of antibodies
how strongly an antibody bonds to an antigen
receptors on T cells that notice antigen-MHC complexes
procedure when B cells alter their kind of antibody it makes
small gland in lymphatic system. Creates WBCs to aid in immune system and its functions
specialized epithelial cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and othe rmucosal tissues. sample antigens and pathogens in gut lumen and move them to immune cells below epithelium, trigger immune response
family of cell surface proteins important for adaptive immune system. Present short peptide fragments from proteins degraded w/i cell to T cells. Allows immune system to recognize and react to intracellular pathogens.
triggers an immune response

30 Clues: triggers an immune response • kind of cell that triggers T cell responses • how strongly an antibody bonds to an antigen • kind of B cell that secretes a lot of antibodies • Marker for helper T cells, binds to MHC class II • type of molecules that present antigens to T cells • type of receptor on B cells that notice free antigens • ...

Cell Theory 2021-09-24

Across

Cells are the basic building blocks of ___.
Organisms made of many cells.
This scientist studied animals and identified that all animals are made of cells.
Scientist who first discovered and named the cell.
Scientist who observed living cells under the microscope.
Organisms made of one cell.

Down

This scientist studied plants and identified that all plants are made of cells.
Science tool that made it possible to discovery cells.
Scientist who stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Type of cell that Schleiden studied.
The building block of all living things.
All living things are made of ___ or more cells.
All cells come from ___ cells.
Inferred explanations in science, strongly supported by evidence.
Robert Hooke viewed this under a microscope and first identified cells.
Type of cell that Schwann studied.
A unicellular organism Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed.

17 Clues: Organisms made of one cell. • Organisms made of many cells. • All cells come from ___ cells. • Type of cell that Schwann studied. • Type of cell that Schleiden studied. • The building block of all living things. • Cells are the basic building blocks of ___. • All living things are made of ___ or more cells. • Scientist who first discovered and named the cell. • ...

Animals and Plants Cells - Trinity Sinson 2022-09-19

Animals and Plants Cells - Trinity Sinson crossword puzzle

Across

Folded membrane.
PLANT CELLS ONLY protect and maintain the shape.
Where cellular respiration happens.
ANIMAL CELLS ONLY contain enzymes.
ANIMAL CELLS ONLY Threadlike fibers.
ANIMAL CELLS ONLY made of microtubules.
PLANT CELLS ONLY storage center.
Jelly-like structure mainly made up of water.
Made of proteins and rRNA.
Structures within the cell. that work together to help the cell function.

Down

ANIMAL & BACTERIA ONLY longer, fewer (1-3)
PLANT CELLS ONLY where photosynthesis happens.
No ribosomes on the surface and attached to rough ER.
the outside of ALL CELLS!
Has ribosomes on the surface and hugs the nucleus.
Contains material DNA.
small and numerous in animal cells, one large central one in plant cells.
Inside of the nucleus.

18 Clues: Folded membrane. • Contains material DNA. • Inside of the nucleus. • the outside of ALL CELLS! • Made of proteins and rRNA. • PLANT CELLS ONLY storage center. • ANIMAL CELLS ONLY contain enzymes. • Where cellular respiration happens. • ANIMAL CELLS ONLY Threadlike fibers. • ANIMAL CELLS ONLY made of microtubules. • ANIMAL & BACTERIA ONLY longer, fewer (1-3) • ...

IPIID Acronyms 2021-09-21

Across

large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells(virally infected cells or tumor cells)
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections(type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta as distinguished from IFN-gamma)
sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
and product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins
a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
the Ag receptor on T cells
a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules or antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens and can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
family names of chemokines or chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V and D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex and allow Ig and TCR gene rearrangement(somatic recombination)

Down

the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other or the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
general designation of many of the different cytokines chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
the end stage of disease in HIV infection
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine otherwise known as a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding and consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
immune response
key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets (CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells)
a molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell
cell adhesion molecule
CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
family names of chemokine receptors or the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
autoimmune disease where autoantibodies(against DNA and RNA and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Human immunodeficiency virus
a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

47 Clues: immune response • cell adhesion molecule • the Ag receptor on T cells • Human immunodeficiency virus • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • the end stage of disease in HIV infection • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins • ...

Biology create a crossword 2025-02-10

Across

Animal Cells
Reproductive System
Plant Cells
Nervous System
Urinary System
Integumentary System
Organ Systems
Smooth Tissue
Cardiac Tissue
Skeletal System
Muscle
Connective
Organs

Down

Muscular System
Nervous
Cardiovasular System
Endocrine System
Skeletal Tissue
Tissues
Cells
Epithelial

21 Clues: Cells • Muscle • Organs • Nervous • Tissues • Epithelial • Connective • Plant Cells • Animal Cells • Organ Systems • Smooth Tissue • Nervous System • Urinary System • Cardiac Tissue • Muscular System • Skeletal Tissue • Skeletal System • Endocrine System • Reproductive System • Cardiovasular System • Integumentary System

Blood Terminology 2025-10-11

Across

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
pressure: The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels.
factors: Proteins that help blood clot.
Transfusion:
A condition in which there are too many red blood cells in the blood.
Blood Cells (Leukocytes):
The rhythm of the heart as it pumps blood through the body.
A condition in which there are too few platelets in the blood.
A blood clot or other material that blocks a blood vessel.
(Thrombocytes):
Terms:
The liquid portion of blood that contains proteins, electrolytes, and other substances.
The process of stopping bleeding.
A medical professional who specializes in hematology.

Down

White blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
The study of blood.
type: A classification of blood based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
White blood cells that include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.
Plasma that has had its clotting factors removed.
aggregation: The process by which platelets stick together to form a clot.
A condition in which there are too few red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
blood: Blood that is given from one person to another.
blood: Blood that receives the donated blood.
Blood Cells (Erythrocytes):
components: The different parts of blood, including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
A cancer of the white blood cells.

26 Clues: Terms: • Transfusion: • (Thrombocytes): • The study of blood. • Blood Cells (Leukocytes): • Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): • The process of stopping bleeding. • A cancer of the white blood cells. • factors: Proteins that help blood clot. • blood: Blood that receives the donated blood. • Plasma that has had its clotting factors removed. • ...

IPIID-TerickaHenderson 2023-09-27

Across

upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs
T-cell receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells
Recombination signal sequences
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cell
crystallied fragment of antibody
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells of tumor cells)
autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Cluster of differentiation
Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections
surface immunoglobulin: an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Cell mediated immunity

Down

Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell attractant properteis
systemic lupus erythematosus: autoimmune disease where autoantibodies
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that make them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
Pattern recognition receptors on immune cell and epithelial cells
subset of CD4T characterized by the cytokines they produce
cell adhesion molecule
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cell.
Recombination signal sequences
cell a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Fragment with antigen binding
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins

28 Clues: Cell mediated immunity • cell adhesion molecule • Cluster of differentiation • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes • Fragment with antigen binding • Recombination signal sequences • Recombination signal sequences • crystallied fragment of antibody • Highly active anti-retroviral therapy • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cell. • T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cell • ...

Cell Test Review 2021-11-21

Across

Packages and ships proteins for export
Types of cells that have a true nucleus
Membrane pouch that transports proteins out of cells
Criteria of life supported by cell membrane
Class in which you learn about living things
Where water is stored in a plant cell
First person to discover cells
Criteria of life supported by mitochondria and chloroplasts
Rigid strong outer boundary of plant cells

Down

Tool used by biologist to view cells
Structure found in all cells that begins the process of making proteins
The shape of a cell helps us understand its ___
Type of endoplasmic reticulum that has attached ribosomes
Every test day is a
Flexible boundary around cells
Greendale High School mascot
Hairs on the surface of some cells that provide movement
Type of cell that have no cell wall and centrioles
Organelle found in white blood cells that helps break down invaders

19 Clues: Every test day is a • Greendale High School mascot • Flexible boundary around cells • First person to discover cells • Tool used by biologist to view cells • Where water is stored in a plant cell • Packages and ships proteins for export • Types of cells that have a true nucleus • Rigid strong outer boundary of plant cells • Criteria of life supported by cell membrane • ...

Cell Culture 2021-03-29

Across

this is the process by which prokaryotic, eukaryotic or plant cells are grown under controlled conditions. But in practice it also refers to the culturing of cells derived from animal cells.
the last one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells in a cell strain that undergo a transformation process (spontaneous or induced changes in karyotype, morphology or growth properties) that makes them "immortal“ (able to divide indefinitely).
this is the general name for the removal of cells, tissues or organs from an animal or plant and their subsequent placement into artificial environment conductive to growth.
these are cell lines which have a limited life span and go through a limited number of cell generations (usually 20-80 population doublings) are known as finite cell lines. These cell lines exhibit the property of contact inhibition, density limitation and anchorage dependence. The growth rate is slow and doubling time is around 24-96 hours.
this is another study that involves cell cultures where the cultivation of virus for vaccine production, also used to study there infectious cycle.
this is for sterility.
these type of cells are cells that do not attach remain in suspension with a spherical shape.
these are commonly used but they do grow slower and are more fragile than bacterial cells. Also have more complex nutrient requirements.
this one of the studies that cell culture is involved in where Studying basic cell biology, interactions between disease causing agents and cells, effects of drugs on cells, process and triggering of aging & nutritional studies.
this is an experimental technique that uses genes, so to treat or prevent diseases. Also this is used in cell culture for cells having a functional gene can be replaced to cells which are having non-functional gene.
This is the second method used by primary culture, which is more widely used and speeds up the process by adding digesting (proteolytic) enzymes such as trypsin or collagenase to the tissue fragments to dissolve the cement holding the cells together, which creates a suspension of single cells that are then placed into culture vessels containing culture medium and allowed to grow and divide.
these type of cells like to attached to a substrate and appears flattened and polygonal in shape.
these were first used to make genetically engineered products and they reproduce very quickly.
this is for proper atmospheric conditions.
these type of culturing of cells either grows as monolayer or as suspension.

Down

this is another study involving cell where you Study the effects of new drugs.
this is an essential amino acid required by virtually all mammalian cells grown in culture.
these type of culturing of cells are anchorage-independent e.g. blood cells.
another one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells that have been adapted to culture but, unlike cell lines, have a finite division potential.
this is for cell counting.
this the another study that cell culture is involved in where Studying the function of various chemicals, virus & radiation to convert normal cultured cells to cancerous cells.
this is one of the method used by primary culture where small pieces of tissue are attached (using plasma clots or fibrinogen) to a glass or treated plastic culture vessel and immersed in culture medium and after a few days individual cells will move from the tissue explant out onto the culture vessel surface or substrate where they will begin to divide and grow.
the first one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells that are surgically removed from an organism and placed into a suitable culture environment they will attach, divide and grow.
this refers to the direct manipulation of DNA by altering an organism’s characteristics, like the phenotype, in a way. Also used in cell culture for production of commercial proteins, large scale production of viruses for use in vaccine production e.g. polio, rabies, chicken pox, hepatitis B & measles.
this is for viewing cells on hemocytometer.
these are cell lines that grow for a limited number of generations after which they ceases cell lines which either occur spontaneously or induced virally or chemically transformed.
these type of culturing of cells must adhere to a surface to survive, Form monolayers, e.g. cells derived from different tissue (breast, liver), Growth is limited by surface area, Will cease proliferating once they become confluent (completely cover the surface of cell culture vessel) and Cells are dissociated enzymatically or mechanically from surface.
these type of cells like to attached to an substrate appears elongated and bipolar.

28 Clues: this is for sterility. • this is for cell counting. • this is for proper atmospheric conditions. • this is for viewing cells on hemocytometer. • these type of culturing of cells are anchorage-independent e.g. blood cells. • these type of culturing of cells either grows as monolayer or as suspension. • ...

Growth and differentiation 2021-12-15

Growth and differentiation crossword puzzle

Across

Some adult cells are so complex and highly differentiated (often because they have fused with other cells) that they cannot divide to replenish damaged tissue and these are called:
this is when a cell becomes highly specialised with specific form and function
This is the name of cells which divide rapidly and complete a cycle of cell division (G1-->M) every 16-24 h.
Cells which are in G0 phase but when stimulated can re-enter the cell cycle and divide are called:
These abnormal cells are immortal can divide indefinitely
This is when cells divide to increase cell number and increase the size of tissue as an adaptive response
Cell death in tissues which cannot replace lost static (terminally differentiated) cells this type of loss results in _________ cellular atrophy
This is an reversible adaptive response and is an acquired change in differentiation status

Down

The process of maturation of the progenitor cells to replace the functional cells of the tissue is called:
Proliferating progenitor cells do not have an infinite capacity to divide. As the cells reach the limit (50-60 cell divisions) they then become:
This is the only possible adaptive response for static cells to increase size of tissue
Adult stem cells can self renew via mitosis but these cells are usually not in cell cycle, this non-dividing "resting' status is referred to as:
This is the failure of a tissue to reach normal size during development
This is a consequence of abnormal differentiation and abnormal cell-to-cell communication, these labile cells however can only replicate a finite number of times
The proliferating daughter cells produced from stem cells are called:
Stable cells which provide the key function in a tissue are called:
This process is used to selectively delete cells to decrease cell number as an adaptation to decreased functional requirements
Proliferation of these daughter cells can increase the number of cells in adult tissues to replenish lost cells. This amplification process leads to:

18 Clues: These abnormal cells are immortal can divide indefinitely • Stable cells which provide the key function in a tissue are called: • The proliferating daughter cells produced from stem cells are called: • This is the failure of a tissue to reach normal size during development • this is when a cell becomes highly specialised with specific form and function • ...

BVB201 crossword (The Immune system) 2023-11-04

BVB201 crossword (The Immune system) crossword puzzle

Across

Phagocytic cells presenting antigens on their surface.
Y-shaped proteins, immunoglobulins, with constant and variable regions.
Antimicrobial agents released by granulocytes.
Administration of a vaccine to stimulate an immune response.
T cells Cells activated by infected cells, releasing perforin and granzymes.
Cellular process where pathogens are engulfed and digested.
Protein released by cytotoxic T cells, creating pores in infected cells.
Leukocytes in the blood responding to chemicals released during infection.

Down

Signaling molecules released by immune cells.
Antigenic determinants on pathogens recognized by B cell receptors.
Cells like neutrophils with granules releasing antimicrobial agents and enzymes.
immunity Immediate nonspecific defenses targeting any pathogen.
Compatibility of tissues to avoid immune rejection.
Movement of immune cells toward a chemical signal.
State of reduced immune function.
Foreign molecules recognized by the immune system that stimulate a response.
White blood cells playing a crucial role in the adaptive immune system.
Phagocytic cells involved in innate immunity.

18 Clues: State of reduced immune function. • Signaling molecules released by immune cells. • Phagocytic cells involved in innate immunity. • Antimicrobial agents released by granulocytes. • Movement of immune cells toward a chemical signal. • Compatibility of tissues to avoid immune rejection. • Phagocytic cells presenting antigens on their surface. • ...

Previous Page 25 of 100 Next