cells Crossword Puzzles

Immune System! 2024-12-04

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your most important nonspecific barrier
organ where T-cells are educated to only recognize non-self
this is the immune response that involves cells
these white blood cells engulf debris, cells, and pathogens
when B-cells are activated, they become this type of cell that secretes antibody
the level of antibody in your blood for a particular pathogen
these white blood cells are made in the bone marrow and secrete antibodies
these "natural ___" cells are voracious killers of tumor cells and infected cells

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this is the immune response that produces antibody
most common white blood cell in serum
the acronym to remember the characteristics of inflammation
this membrane lines our openings to the outside world and catches antigens coming in
anything the body recognizes as YOU
this T-cell is critical to directing the attack of our immune system
anything the body recognizes as foreign
acronym for cells that have processed antigen and marked themselves
Y-shaped protein that attack antigen
after an infection, T-cells, B-cells, and Cytotoxic cells become this to "remember"

18 Clues: anything the body recognizes as YOU • Y-shaped protein that attack antigen • most common white blood cell in serum • your most important nonspecific barrier • anything the body recognizes as foreign • this is the immune response that involves cells • this is the immune response that produces antibody • the acronym to remember the characteristics of inflammation • ...

Immunology Acronym Activity 2022-09-25

Immunology Acronym Activity crossword puzzle

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IL; general designation for different cytokines & chemical messengers secreted by immune cells
Human leukocyte antigen; name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
T-cell receptor; the antigen receptor on T-cells
Ag; a molecule recognized by Ab or BCR and is presented by MHC molecules to TCRs
leukocytes PMN; WBCs with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
Tumor necrosis factor; a cytokine produced by macrophages and T-cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
Pathogen associated molecular patterns; repeated molecular patterns on microbes
T-lymphocytes CTL; CD8+ T-cells with the function of targeting and killing virally infected cells by apoptosis
Cluster of differentiation; cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help differentiate one immune cell from another
C-reactive protein
Major histocompatibility complex; Family of cell surface molecules that present antigens to T-cells
Human immunodeficiency virus
Ab; Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune response
End stage of disease in HIV infection

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Pattern recognition receptors; receptors on immune cells that bind to PAMPs on microbes
LPS; a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Ig; protein family to which antibodies and b-cell receptors belong
Subset of CD4+ T-cells that produce cytokines to stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy; a multiple drug therapy treatment for HIV infection
surface immunoglobulin; an immunoglobulin expressed on B-cell surface
Thymus derived lymphocyte comprised of two subsets: CD4 T-cells and CD8 T-cells
Cell-mediated immunity; adaptive immune responses mainly due to effector T-cells
Regulatory CD4+ T-cells responsible for suppressing immune responses
Natural killer cell; large granular lymphocyte that induce apoptosis of compromised cell
Presents antigen via MHC molecules to T-cell receptors
Membrane attack complex; end product of the Complement cascade that kills pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cell adhesion molecule
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells allowing for them to be killed by cells expressing Fas ligand
T-cell that express co-receptor protein CD4, which plays a role in adaptive immunity
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity; mechanism by which NK cells induce apoptosis

31 Clues: C-reactive protein • Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • End stage of disease in HIV infection • Ab; Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • T-cell receptor; the antigen receptor on T-cells • Presents antigen via MHC molecules to T-cell receptors • Recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune response • ...

Red Blood Cells 2023-03-24

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immediate vasoconstriction
immature red blood cells
within a cell
oxygen carrying part of red blood cells
squeezing of leukocytes through blood vessel wall
white blood cell
Excessive or profuse bleeding
Manufacture of new White blood cells Also derived from red bone marrow stem cells
chemical released by platelets that causes vasoconstriction
cancer of white blood cells
protein portion of hemoglobin

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percent of red blood cells in blood
Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
hemoglobin with no oxygen
lack of red blood cells
production of red blood cells
mature red blood cell
hemoglobin carrying oxygen-bright red in color
clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood
the iron based component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen

20 Clues: within a cell • white blood cell • mature red blood cell • lack of red blood cells • immature red blood cells • hemoglobin with no oxygen • immediate vasoconstriction • cancer of white blood cells • production of red blood cells • Excessive or profuse bleeding • protein portion of hemoglobin • percent of red blood cells in blood • oxygen carrying part of red blood cells • ...

Chapter 14 Review 2025-10-27

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Present Intracellular antigens and are transported to the cell membrane and displayed on this MHC
Like memory T cells, remain in reserve to respond to next infection
the ingestion of bacteria and other material by phagocytes
A form of acquired immunity that develops in response to antigen exposure
The specialized cells multiply to attach to the pathogen
Immunity that results from the presence of antibodies in blood and lymph.
Are made up of Neutrophils which are bacteria phages and Eosinophils which protect us from parasitic infection
The process of which cells attach to the surface or to another cell
Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They phagocytize foreign substances. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation.
These cells are activated by Class I MHC. Function to suppress the activity of B-Cells and T-Cells
Functions to make tears. Tears are used to lubricate the eyes and with the aid of the eyelids, prevent microbes from becoming established on the eye. Tears also wash away foreign particles like dust.
Areas that ling the mouth, noser, lungs, stomach, intestines etc.. These membrane line the boy cavities and secrete mucus. Mucus lubricates the surface of the membrane and traps microbes and foreign particles
the body's natural defense to tissue injury or infection, involving a complex signaling cascade that triggers redness, heat, swelling, and pain
the watery fluid in the lymph vessels collected from the tissue spaces
the process of drawing antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, to a specific location to initiate an immune response
Signaling proteins secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
These cells recognize the original invading pathogen which allows for faster response when antigen is encountered in the future.
Found in antigen presenting cells and are transported to the cell membrane and displayed on this MHC
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx. They function to capture pathogens and phagocytize foreign
Immune system must be able to tell the difference between
Cells that release cytosine (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.
Foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.
Immune system must be able to remember previously encountered antigens
Regulator cells that activate, or call up, B cells to produce antibodies
The production of lymphocytes from lymphoid stem cells
Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body
Plasma cells make and secrete large numbers of antibodies; Helper B cells and Memory B cells similar in function to T cell equivalents
dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, which process antigens and activate cells of the immune system
Immune system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells
The skin, mucous membranes, and secretions help remove bacteria and fungi
Chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.
vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal body cells

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An immune organ located near the heart. Is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.
When a B cell recognizes an antigen, which triggers a two-step process involving antigen presentation and T helper cell activation it also produces Cytokines which specialize B-Cells into plasma cells.
A system of over 30 proteins made in the liver that bind to bacteria, attracting phagocytes and promoting inflammation.
Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain and is produced by many different cells
A form of acquired immunity that you receive from someone else usually a parent
An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells.
Inflammation that is ongoing and is caused by foreign bodies, ongoing defense against pathogens (like allergies), autoimmune diseases.
Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
Enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
They are lipid molecules that trigger and sustain inflammatory responses. They attract neutrophils from the blood to the site of injury.
Cells manufactured in the bone marrow that create antibodies for isolating and destroying invading bacteria and viruses.
Y shaped molecule composed of 2 Heavy chains and 2 light chains. They have 2 variable regions which function as antigen binding sites.
Amoeboid cells that develop from monocytes, that roam connective tissue and engulf foreign particles and debris of dead cells.
Initial response to a specific antigen. During a primary response, T and B lymphocytes are activated and specific antibodies and memory cells to the antigen produced.
Different cells specialize and become different types of cells
System must be able to fight any foreign antigen at any time
Inflammation occurring for a limited time period; rapidly developing
T cell will only become activated if it binds to a the foreign antigen and at the same time receives a second signal, costimulation. Molecules on the surface of the APC cause the cells to bind to each other temporarily.
Is when a phagocytic cell surrounds and engulfs a target particle or microorganism
Having a specific defense against a specific antigen
These cells are activated by Class II MHC. Function to stimulate proliferation of other T and B Cells that are already bound to the antigens
Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies.
These cells are activated by Class I MHC. Like natural killer cells but only T-Cells directly attack and kill other cells
Being able to tell the difference between self and non-self antigens
Response to a specific antigen only after having been exposed to it
Region closer to the membrane that is relatively constant between receptors
Response to a specific antigen in a later interactions with the same foreign substance; faster and more effective due to "memory"
Region in antibody that is further from the membrane and amino acid sequence varies between receptors
A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction, cell growth, protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
The initial exposure to antigen which enters a B-Cell and they get presented by the Class II MHC
Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies.
Step where antigen-presenting cells (APCs) break down internalized antigens into smaller peptides for presentation on MHC molecules to T cells
Antigen receptors on the surface of the T-Cell recognize and bind to antigen fragments presented by MHC

66 Clues: Enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls. • Having a specific defense against a specific antigen • The production of lymphocytes from lymphoid stem cells • Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies. • Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies. • The specialized cells multiply to attach to the pathogen • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2021-09-26

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APC that presents Ag in the context of MHC to T cells
Repeating molecular patterns on microbes
Key transcription factor required to bind to IL-2
Part of Ab responsible for Ag binding
Family of cytokines that cells resist viral infections
End product of Complement cascade that kills pathogens
Soluble protein that binds to mannose on pathogens
Transcription factor expressed by Treg cells
Region of Ab where Fc receptors bind
TNF receptor on cells increasing susceptibility to death by cells with Fas ligand
Adaptive IR where effector T cells play a major role
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
AA sequence involved in signal transduction
Molecule recognized by Ab or BCR or peptide presented by MHC to TCR
protein that binds to phosphocholine on bacteria
CD8+ T cells with effector function
Ag receptor on T cells
Cell surface molecules that present peptide Ag to T cells
Receptors that recognize and bind to PAMP's
Regions of Ag binding loops of Ig molecules
Ig secreted by plasma cells
cells, Activates macrophages and promotes CTL responses
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR (V,D & J) gene segments
Family of PRR that recognize PAMPs
T cell subset responsible for suppressing or limiting IR

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Receptors that bind to Fc portion of IgG molecules
WBC with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
Cell surface ligands for leukocyte integrins
Cytokine produced by mPhi and T cells
Part of Ab
General designation of cytokines and chemical messengers secreted by immune cells
Chemokine receptor family of G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors
Transcription factor that activates expression of pro-inflammatory genes
cell, Large granular lymphocyte; innate effector
Mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis
Protein family of antibodies and B-cell receptors
Ig expressed on B cell surface
Transcription factor causing gene transcription in the thymus
cell-surface molecules that help differentiate immune cells
Cell wall component of gram negative bacteria
MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Chemokine family of cell-attracted cytokines
slg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Autoimmune disease
cells, Stimulates B cells to produce Ab against pathogens

45 Clues: Part of Ab • Autoimmune disease • Ag receptor on T cells • Ig secreted by plasma cells • Ig expressed on B cell surface • Family of PRR that recognize PAMPs • CD8+ T cells with effector function • Region of Ab where Fc receptors bind • Cytokine produced by mPhi and T cells • Part of Ab responsible for Ag binding • MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • ...

Acromym immunology 2023-09-22

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the part of an antibody responsible fro antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide bonded together
adaptive immune response in which there is a major role for effector T Cells
human immunodeficiency virus
a molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies or B cell receptor.
general designation of many of the different cytokines
cell. a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
cell adhesion molecule
end product of the complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
immune response
slg on B cells that bind Ag and transmit signal 1 to activate B cells
actute protein that binds to phosphocholine
CD* T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis

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name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
transcription factor expressed in Treg that is needed for Treg cell function
the regions of the antigen binding loops of ig molecules, antibodies and T cells receptors that come into contact with antigen
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins
the part of the antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide bonded to each other
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
presenting cell. a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptos on T cells
family name for cytocines that help cells to resist viral infections
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells(virally infected cells or tumor cells)
large mononuclear phagocytes that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 Tcells
a transcription factor that cause several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

27 Clues: immune response • cell adhesion molecule • human immunodeficiency virus • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • actute protein that binds to phosphocholine • name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins • general designation of many of the different cytokines • ...

Immunology Terms 2023-09-26

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Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, can trigger complement activation and acts as an opsonin
Large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
Repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
A mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
General designation of many of the different cytokines
Amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction (tyrosine-based)
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing its ligand
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Regulatory CD4+ T cells, a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
Characteristic of leukocytes; WBCs with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells

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The part of antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other
A cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation & to fully activate macrophages
Family name for chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
A molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptors, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
A family of pattern recognition receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
Cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that is highly pro-inflammatory
Lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or respective memory cells
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection

25 Clues: Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • General designation of many of the different cytokines • Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections • A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells • ...

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle 2022-10-03

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

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Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body.
Cluster of differentiation
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Major histocompatibility complex
Human immunodeficiency virus
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
immune response
Toll-like receptor
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
c-reactive protein
Antigen presenting cell
Recombination signal sequences

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Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells.
Cell adhesion molecule
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
Complementarity determining regions
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Interleukin
Recombination-activating gene
Cell mediated immunity
lipopolysaccharide
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells.
Human leukocyte antigen
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes

33 Clues: Interleukin • immune response • Toll-like receptor • lipopolysaccharide • c-reactive protein • Cell adhesion molecule • Cell mediated immunity • Human leukocyte antigen • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes • Antigen presenting cell • Cluster of differentiation • tumor necrosis factor-alpha • Human immunodeficiency virus • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Recombination-activating gene • ...

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle 2022-10-03

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c-reactive protein
immune response
Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
Recombination-activating gene
intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Recombination signal sequences
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Cell adhesion molecule
Human immunodeficiency virus
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Complementarity determining regions
lipopolysaccharide
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells

Down

Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body.
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Interleukin
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cell mediated immunity
Toll-like receptor
Human leukocyte antigen
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
Major histocompatibility complex
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells.
Antigen presenting cell
Cluster of differentiation
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.

33 Clues: Interleukin • immune response • c-reactive protein • Toll-like receptor • lipopolysaccharide • Cell mediated immunity • Cell adhesion molecule • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes • Human leukocyte antigen • Antigen presenting cell • Cluster of differentiation • tumor necrosis factor-alpha • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Human immunodeficiency virus • Recombination-activating gene • ...

Tissue Types, Structure, and Epithelial Components 2025-11-17

Tissue Types, Structure, and Epithelial Components crossword puzzle

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Small projections that increase surface area for absorption.
The ability of a tissue to return to its original shape.
Epithelial tissues that line organs and surfaces.
The sides of epithelial cells in contact with neighboring cells.
Tissue that covers and lines body surfaces and cavities.
Substances that cause mutations leading to cancer.
Hair-like structures that move substances across the cell surface.
Proteins with carbohydrate chains that aid in cell adhesion.
Strong, flexible fibers that provide tensile strength.
A single layer of cells appearing stratified.
A mucus-secreting unicellular gland.
Long sugar chains that attract water into the ECM.
Proteins that help cells stick to one another.
The free surface of epithelial tissue facing the external environment.
Multiple layers of epithelial cells.
A hard protein that provides structural strength in epithelial tissue.
Tissue responsible for movement.
Movement of substances between epithelial cells.

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(ECM) The material surrounding cells, providing structural support.
The ability of a tissue to stretch.
Flattened epithelial cells.
The ECM layer produced by connective tissue.
Structural fibers that provide strength and elasticity.
Proteins with glycosaminoglycan chains that form a gel-like matrix.
The side of epithelial cells attached to the basement membrane.
A structure anchoring epithelial tissue to connective tissue.
A group of cells working together to perform a function.
Tissue that transmits electrical signals for communication.
Tall, column-like epithelial cells.
Movement of substances through epithelial cells.
The ECM layer produced by epithelial cells.
The gel-like substance in the extracellular matrix.
Cancers arising from epithelial tissue.
Cube-shaped epithelial cells.
A single layer of epithelial cells.
Fibers that allow tissues to stretch and return to shape.
Epithelial cells that stretch and change shape.
The study of tissues and their structures.
Thin fibers forming supportive networks.
Tissue that supports, protects, and binds other tissues.

40 Clues: Flattened epithelial cells. • Cube-shaped epithelial cells. • Tissue responsible for movement. • The ability of a tissue to stretch. • Tall, column-like epithelial cells. • A single layer of epithelial cells. • A mucus-secreting unicellular gland. • Multiple layers of epithelial cells. • Cancers arising from epithelial tissue. • Thin fibers forming supportive networks. • ...

Cell Structure and Specialised Cells 2023-11-20

Cell Structure and Specialised Cells crossword puzzle

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This organelle controls the activities in cells.
The process which releases energy in cells is...
Root hair cells increase the ... area of the root.
Nerve cells have ... that allow them to connect to other nerve cells.
Sperm cells contain lots of ... to release energy needed to swim.
This specialised cell transports water in plants.
This specialised cell creates movement.
Plant cells have ... that absorb light energy.
This organelle makes performs protein synthesis.
Muscle cells create movement through relaxing and ...

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Chemical reactions take place in the...
This specialised cell transports sugar in plants.
Sperm cells have a tail so they can...
Plant cells use light energy to make food by...
Specialised cells have a specific structure relating to their...
This specialised cell transmits electrical impulses.
This specialised cell fertilises an egg.
A cell ... controls what goes in and out the cell.

18 Clues: Sperm cells have a tail so they can... • Chemical reactions take place in the... • This specialised cell creates movement. • This specialised cell fertilises an egg. • Plant cells have ... that absorb light energy. • Plant cells use light energy to make food by... • This organelle controls the activities in cells. • The process which releases energy in cells is... • ...

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle 2022-10-03

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c-reactive protein
immune response
Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
Recombination-activating gene
intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Recombination signal sequences
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Cell adhesion molecule
Human immunodeficiency virus
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Complementarity determining regions
lipopolysaccharide
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells

Down

Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body.
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Interleukin
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cell mediated immunity
Toll-like receptor
Human leukocyte antigen
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
Major histocompatibility complex
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells.
Antigen presenting cell
Cluster of differentiation
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology 2020-04-20

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology crossword puzzle

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killing/ facilitate destruction by eosinophils and/or NK cells
disease/ Occur when T and/or B cells are activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins
glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens
antibodies /Involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms
antibodies / Likely to be the first type of antibody an invading microbe would encounter because it is present in mucous membranes (secreted).
globulin/ Serum fraction containing Ab. Can be given to a person as a treatment against a specific antigen
antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis
mediated/ Involves TH cells (TH1), TC cells, phagocytes. Destroys infected host cells.
antibodies / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn.
Involves TH cells (TH2 ), B cells (plasma cells), antibodies.Produces antibodies to destroy invaders.

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together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis
deletion/ The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
binding to toxins or viruses or bacterial cells to prevent their binding their host cell targets
a molecule that is recognized as non-self by the immune system.
/not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs
antibodies / first Ab produced in response to infection (primary response)
study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
antibodies / On B cells, initiate immune response w/ their B cells
generic term for serum because it contains antibodies (Ab).
fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement

20 Clues: study of reactions between antibodies and antigens. • antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis • glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens • fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement • together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis • /not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs • ...

Immune and Lymphatic Systems 2018-11-14

Immune and Lymphatic Systems crossword puzzle

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When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
White blood cells
Proteins that act as antibodies
Key protein involved in blood clotting
Disease-causing microor-ganism
Red blood cells
Blood platelets
A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma

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Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood
Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system
Cells Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed
Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
Immunity Is the type of immunity with which you were born
cells Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
Plays an important role in blood clotting
Substance that is harmful
Large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
active immunity Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen

23 Clues: Red blood cells • Blood platelets • White blood cells • Substance that is harmful • Disease-causing microor-ganism • Proteins that act as antibodies • Cells that destroy harmful pathogens • Key protein involved in blood clotting • Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei • Plays an important role in blood clotting • cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them • ...

The Grand Cells and Cell Division Final Crossword 2023-02-07

The Grand Cells and Cell Division Final Crossword crossword puzzle

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Another name for the division in Stage 2 of the cell cycle (7)
In Stage 1 of the cell cycle, DNA is ------ (6)
Cells which carry electrical impulses around your body (5)
The process cells go through when they specialise (15)
Small loop of DNA found in bacterial cells (7)
We put the patients DNA into stem cells so their bodies don't ------ the stem cells (6)
Absorbs light and carries out photosynthesis (11)
A developing baby from which we can take stem cells (6)
A cell which is fertilised by a sperm cell (3)
Controls what enter and leaves the cell (4,7)
The name of the type of cloning which can be used to treat patients (11)
The cells produced by the cell cycle are genetically --------- (9)
Create proteins (8)
Contains DNA and controls the cell (7)
A plant cell which absorbs water from the soil (4,4)

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Cells which have not yet decided what to develop into (16)
Animal and plant cells are also called ---------- (10)
Carries out respiration and releases energy (12)
Contains sap, found in plant cells (7)
A cell which has a tail to swim (5)
A tail on a bacterial cell (9)
Strengthens plant cells (4,4)
The cells which carry water through plants (5)
In stage 3 of the cell cycle, the whole cell ------- (7)
We can get adult stem cells from the inside of your bones, called the ---- ------ (4,6)

25 Clues: Create proteins (8) • Strengthens plant cells (4,4) • A tail on a bacterial cell (9) • A cell which has a tail to swim (5) • Contains sap, found in plant cells (7) • Contains DNA and controls the cell (7) • Controls what enter and leaves the cell (4,7) • Small loop of DNA found in bacterial cells (7) • The cells which carry water through plants (5) • ...

The Grand Cells and Cell Division Final Crossword 2023-02-07

Across

Cells which have not yet decided what to develop into (16)
A tail on a bacterial cell (9)
A cell which has a tail to swim (5)
Carries out respiration and releases energy (12)
We put the patients DNA into stem cells so their bodies don't ------ the stem cells (6)
Absorbs light and carries out photosynthesis (11)
Controls what enter and leaves the cell (4,7)
We can get adult stem cells from the inside of your bones, called the ---- ------ (4,6)
In Stage 1 of the cell cycle, DNA is ------ (6)
Contains sap, found in plant cells (7)
Another name for the division in Stage 2 of the cell cycle (7)
In stage 3 of the cell cycle, the whole cell ------- (7)
Strengthens plant cells (4,4)

Down

Contains DNA and controls the cell (7)
The cells which carry water through plants (5)
Cells which carry electrical impulses around your body (5)
The name of the type of cloning which can be used to treat patients (11)
The process cells go through when they specialise (15)
A plant cell which absorbs water from the soil (4,4)
The cells produced by the cell cycle are genetically --------- (9)
A developing baby from which we can take stem cells (6)
A cell which is fertilised by a sperm cell (3)
Create proteins (8)
Animal and plant cells are also called ---------- (10)
Small loop of DNA found in bacterial cells (7)

25 Clues: Create proteins (8) • Strengthens plant cells (4,4) • A tail on a bacterial cell (9) • A cell which has a tail to swim (5) • Contains DNA and controls the cell (7) • Contains sap, found in plant cells (7) • Controls what enter and leaves the cell (4,7) • The cells which carry water through plants (5) • A cell which is fertilised by a sperm cell (3) • ...

Immunology Acronym Crossword Puzzle 2022-10-03

Across

Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Major histocompatibility complex
lipopolysaccharide
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
c-reactive protein
family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Human leukocyte antigen
immune response
Toll-like receptor
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor.
Cell mediated immunity
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Interleukin

Down

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells.
Cell adhesion molecule
Recombination signal sequences
Antigen presenting cell
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
Complementarity determining regions
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Regulatory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells: a T cell subset that is responsible for suppressing or limiting immune responses
Human immunodeficiency virus
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Recombination-activating gene
intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells.
Cluster of differentiation

33 Clues: Interleukin • immune response • lipopolysaccharide • c-reactive protein • Toll-like receptor • Cell adhesion molecule • Cell mediated immunity • Antigen presenting cell • Human leukocyte antigen • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes • Cluster of differentiation • tumor necrosis factor-alpha • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Human immunodeficiency virus • Recombination-activating gene • ...

Immune System Vocabulary 2024-01-16

Immune System Vocabulary crossword puzzle

Across

kill viral infected cells nonspecifically
when WBCs squeeze through capillary wall to get to the site of infection
protein that punches holes in viral infected cells
Specific defense that uses T cells
Dead or weakened organism that induces immunity w/out causing disease
T cell that kills antibody/antigen bound cells
Usually displays self molecule, found on all nucleated cells
when a molecule is coated with proteins to make phagocytosis easier
Inflammatory response that slows the growth of pathogen by denaturing its proteins
Also called a Helper T Cell
link MHC II molecules to TCR on T helper cells causing cytokines to be released indefinitely
Specific defense that uses antibodies
Tissue cells that consume foreign, dead, damaged materials
Protein that binds to antigen

Down

The process of antigen finding the right B and T cell is called __________
Any foreign material that causes an immune response
lymph tissue in the intestines
T cell stimulates the production of cytokines and interacts directly with antigens
Invasion of microorganisms by pathogen
cells that produce antibodies
Cascade of proteins in innate immune system that helps eliminate a pathogen
Immune cell found in tissues but not blood
cells that engulf and present pieces of other molecules on their surface
like macrophages, but in the blood
proteins that help activate B and T cells
Cells that engulf and destroy invading microbes
when WBCs attach to the capillary wall as a result of cytokine signaling
Short lived B cells that churn out free antibody
phagocytes that consume and then die, contribute to pus
Disease causing agent
Cells that develop in thymus and recognize antigen/ antibody bound cells
Swelling and redness; response to tissue damage
Usually displays self molecule, only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells
Also called a Cytotoxic T Cell (Lymphocyte)

34 Clues: Disease causing agent • Also called a Helper T Cell • cells that produce antibodies • Protein that binds to antigen • lymph tissue in the intestines • Specific defense that uses T cells • like macrophages, but in the blood • Specific defense that uses antibodies • Invasion of microorganisms by pathogen • kill viral infected cells nonspecifically • ...

Tissue Types, Structure, and Epithelial Components 2025-02-08

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Small projections that increase surface area for absorption.
The ability of a tissue to return to its original shape.
Epithelial tissues that line organs and surfaces.
The sides of epithelial cells in contact with neighboring cells.
Tissue that covers and lines body surfaces and cavities.
Substances that cause mutations leading to cancer.
Hair-like structures that move substances across the cell surface.
Proteins with carbohydrate chains that aid in cell adhesion.
Strong, flexible fibers that provide tensile strength.
A single layer of cells appearing stratified.
A mucus-secreting unicellular gland.
Long sugar chains that attract water into the ECM.
Proteins that help cells stick to one another.
The free surface of epithelial tissue facing the external environment.
Multiple layers of epithelial cells.
A hard protein that provides structural strength in epithelial tissue.
Tissue responsible for movement.
Movement of substances between epithelial cells.

Down

(ECM) The material surrounding cells, providing structural support.
The ability of a tissue to stretch.
Flattened epithelial cells.
The ECM layer produced by connective tissue.
Structural fibers that provide strength and elasticity.
Proteins with glycosaminoglycan chains that form a gel-like matrix.
The side of epithelial cells attached to the basement membrane.
A structure anchoring epithelial tissue to connective tissue.
A group of cells working together to perform a function.
Tissue that transmits electrical signals for communication.
Tall, column-like epithelial cells.
Movement of substances through epithelial cells.
The ECM layer produced by epithelial cells.
The gel-like substance in the extracellular matrix.
Cancers arising from epithelial tissue.
Cube-shaped epithelial cells.
A single layer of epithelial cells.
Fibers that allow tissues to stretch and return to shape.
Epithelial cells that stretch and change shape.
The study of tissues and their structures.
Thin fibers forming supportive networks.
Tissue that supports, protects, and binds other tissues.

immune crossword 2023-10-04

Across

the part of an antibody responsible fro antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide bonded together
adaptive immune response in which there is a major role for effector T Cells
human immunodeficiency virus
a molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies or B cell receptor.
general designation of many of the different cytokines
cell. a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
cell adhesion molecule
end product of the complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
immune response
slg on B cells that bind Ag and transmit signal 1 to activate B cells
actute protein that binds to phosphocholine
CD* T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis

Down

name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
transcription factor expressed in Treg that is needed for Treg cell function
the regions of the antigen binding loops of ig molecules, antibodies and T cells receptors that come into contact with antigen
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins
the part of the antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide bonded to each other
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
presenting cell. a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptos on T cells
family name for cytocines that help cells to resist viral infections
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells(virally infected cells or tumor cells)
large mononuclear phagocytes that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 Tcells
a transcription factor that cause several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology 2020-04-20

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/ antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis
/the generic term for serum because it contains antibodies ( Ab).
antibodies /Involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms
killing / facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells
antibodies / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn.
/ glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens
antibodies / On B cells, initiate immune response with their B cells
/ linking together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis
/ not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs

Down

fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement
deletion / The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
disease / Occur when T and/or B cells are activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins
antibodies / first Ab produced in response to infection (primary response)
/ the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
/ binding to toxins or viruses or bacterial cells to prevent their binding their host cell targets
/ Involves TH cells (TH2 ), B cells (plasma cells), antibodies.Produces antibodies to destroy invaders.
globulin/ Serum fraction containing Ab. Can be given to a person as a treatment against a specific antigen
/ a molecule that is recognized as non-self by the immune system.
antibodies / Likely to be the first type of antibody an invading microbe would encounter because it is present in mucous membranes (secreted).
mediated / Involves TH cells (TH1), TC cells, phagocytes. Destroys infected host cells.

20 Clues: fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement • / glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens • / antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis • antibodies / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn. • / not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs • / the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens. • ...

Adaptive Immunity 2023-11-03

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Effector Th1 CD4 cell subset produce IFN gamma, activate macrophages and stimulate IgG production.
CD8+ cells recognize intracellular antigens presented on ________ surface molecule.
Helper T cells that prime and coordinated CD8 and B cells.
Effector Th2 CD4 cell subset that produce IL-4 and IL-13 and activates alternative macrophages that dampen inflammatory responses.
Changing of the immunoglobulin (Ig) class produced by the B cell.
Antibody coated infected cells are recognized by NK cells and kill.
Antibodies that interact with virus at the host receptor site and blocks viral entry.

Down

Antibody mediated phagocytosis of microbes.
_______ cells produce antibodies that mediate protective immunity.
Cells that present antigens & prime adaptive response.
Hallmark of adaptive immunity.
Immunity type mediated by B cells.
Is a major antiviral immunoglobulin
CD4+ cells recognize extracellular antigens presented on ___________ surface molecule.
Antibodies that perform effector functions at sites distant from the production site.
Activated CD8+ cells that produce Perforin/Granzyme to kill infected cells.
Secretory antibody that have access to mucosal surfaces.
Presentation of ______ occurs in lymph nodes and mucosa.
T and B cells receptor ________ emerge from random gene rearrangement and selection.

19 Clues: Hallmark of adaptive immunity. • Immunity type mediated by B cells. • Is a major antiviral immunoglobulin • Antibody mediated phagocytosis of microbes. • Cells that present antigens & prime adaptive response. • Secretory antibody that have access to mucosal surfaces. • Presentation of ______ occurs in lymph nodes and mucosa. • ...

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology 2020-04-20

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study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
disease/ Occur when T and/or B cells are activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins
antibodies / first Ab produced in response to infection (primary response)
antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis
killing/ facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells
/ not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs
glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens
mediated/ Involves TH cells (TH1), TC cells, phagocytes. Destroys infected host cells.
globulin/ Serum fraction containing Ab. Can be given to a person as a treatment against a specific antigen
linking together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis

Down

generic term for serum because it contains antibodies (Ab).
binding to toxins or viruses or bacterial cells to prevent their binding their host cell targets
Involves TH cells (TH2 ), B cells (plasma cells), antibodies.Produces antibodies to destroy invaders.
fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement
a molecule that is recognized as non-self by the immune system.
antibodies / On B cells, initiate immune response with their B cells
deletion/ The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
antibodies / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn.
antibodies / Likely to be the first type of antibody an invading microbe would encounter because it is present in mucous membranes (secreted).
antibodies /Involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms

20 Clues: study of reactions between antibodies and antigens. • antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis • fixation/ antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement • glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens • antibodies / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn. • generic term for serum because it contains antibodies (Ab). • ...

Cytology - Intro to Cells 2021-02-17

Cytology - Intro to Cells crossword puzzle

Across

All organisms are _______ of one or more cells
Genetic material for a cell
Makes energy for the cell from sunlight
A network that transports molecules throughout a cell
A tool that allows us to see small images
The name Leeuwenhoek gave to the small objects he saw in his microscope
Contains waste in a cell
Cells are the _________ unit of structure and function
Rigid barrier that protects a cell
The shape or way something is built
Stores pigments (color) and food
What an object is capable of doing
Single cell organisms that are simple and small

Down

All cells must come from ________ cells.
Long "tentacles" that help cells move
Information center for the cell
Biological barrier that controls what goes in and out of a cell
The study of cells
Makes energy for the cell from molecules
Dutch businessman that built the best microscopes
A soft material that acts as a cushion inside a cell
First book that showed cells
Combination of RNA and proteins
An extra barrier to protect cells
Small "tentacles" that helps cells move
Living creatures
English scientist that discovered "cells"
Smallest form of life
Animal and plant cells
Official theory that explains how cells are the basic unit for all living things
Processes and packages molecules inside a cell
Type of tree that Robert Hooke found cells in

32 Clues: Living creatures • The study of cells • Smallest form of life • Animal and plant cells • Contains waste in a cell • Genetic material for a cell • First book that showed cells • Information center for the cell • Combination of RNA and proteins • Stores pigments (color) and food • An extra barrier to protect cells • Rigid barrier that protects a cell • ...

Immune and Lymphatic System 2018-11-14

Immune and Lymphatic System crossword puzzle

Across

cells / Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
/ White blood cells
/ Blood platelets
/ Disease-causing microor-ganism
/ Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
/ Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
/ large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
/ Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma
/ Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
/ Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood
/ A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
Cells / Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed

Down

/ Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
/ Red blood cells
/ Key protein involved in blood clotting
/ Substance that is harmful
/ Proteins that act as antibodies
/ Plays an important role in blood clotting
/ A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system
Immunity / Is the type of immunity with which you were born
/ When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
cells / Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
active immunity / Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen

23 Clues: / Red blood cells • / Blood platelets • / White blood cells • / Substance that is harmful • / Disease-causing microor-ganism • / Proteins that act as antibodies • / Cells that destroy harmful pathogens • / Key protein involved in blood clotting • / Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei • / Plays an important role in blood clotting • ...

cardiovascular system crossword puzzle 2023-03-23

cardiovascular system crossword puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

mature red blood cell
cell eating
complete blood count
oxygen carrying molecule on erythrocytes
clear portion of blood
white blood cells causing allergies
immature red blood cells
chemical released by platelets
in between cells
cloy breaks free

Down

largest white blood cell
clot develops
white blood cells squeezing through wall
plasma protein
wbc active during allergic response
determines blood type
cells develop from stem to thromboctyes
transport o2 transporting to the blood
deficiency of red blood cells
iron based component

20 Clues: cell eating • clot develops • plasma protein • in between cells • cloy breaks free • complete blood count • iron based component • mature red blood cell • determines blood type • clear portion of blood • immature red blood cells • largest white blood cell • deficiency of red blood cells • chemical released by platelets • wbc active during allergic response • ...

Basic Structure of a Cell 2023-03-22

Basic Structure of a Cell crossword puzzle

Across

he used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork
“Powerhouse” of the cell
German botanist named Matthias ______ concluded that all plants were made of cells
forest, prairie
Contain digestive enzymes
hereditary material of the cell
Found only in producers (organisms containing chlorophyll)
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
one species in an area
Perform various functions for a cell
Cells come from the reproduction of _____ cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an ____

Down

Network of hollow membrane tubules
Controls the normal activities of the cell
Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under a ___
Cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
several populations in an area
Supports and protects cell
cells working together
All living things are made of ___
In plants, they store Cell Sap
makes up ALL organisms
heart, brain, stomach
Tundra, Tropical Rain forest

26 Clues: forest, prairie • heart, brain, stomach • cells working together • makes up ALL organisms • one species in an area • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Contain digestive enzymes • Supports and protects cell • Tundra, Tropical Rain forest • several populations in an area • In plants, they store Cell Sap • hereditary material of the cell • All living things are made of ___ • ...

Chapter 43 Vocabulary 2015-03-27

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An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against self.
The adaptive immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposures to a particular antigen. It is more rapid, of greater magnitude, and of longer duration than the primary immune response
A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously
A type of white blood cell that mediates immune responses; 2 main types: B and T cells
A type of lymphocyte that, when activated, kills infected cells as well as certain cancer cells and transplanted cells.
The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids
A substance that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B or T cells
The most abundant type of white blood cell. They are phagocytic and tend to self- destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days
A type of T-Cells that when activated, secretes cytokines that promote the response of B cells and cytotoxic T cells to antigens.
Long-lasting immunity conferred by the action of B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogen. Active immunity can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization.

Down

Short-term immunity conferred by the transfer of antibodies, as occurs in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus or nursing infant.
A lymphocyte that has undergone clonal selection and is capable of mediating an adaptive immune response
The initial adaptive immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of about 10-17 days
A cell that upon ingesting pathogens or internalizing pathogen proteins generates peptide fragments that are bound by class II MHC molecules and subsequently displayed on the cell surface to T cells. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are the cells.
The class of lymphocytes that mature in the thymus; they include both effector cell for the cell-mediated response and helper cells required for both branches of adaptive immunity
One of a clone of long-lived lymphocytes, formed during the primary immune response, that remains in a lymphoid organ until activated by exposure to the same antigen that triggered its formation. These activated cells mount the secondary immune response.
A protein that has antiviral or immune regulatory functions; secreted by T cells, helps activate macrophages
The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells
A protein secreted by plasma cell (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen; also called immunoglobulin. All of them have the same y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
A phagocyte cell present in many tissues that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity
The lymphocytes that complete their development in the bone marrow and become effector cells for the humoral immune response
A vertebrate specific defense that is mediated by B cells and T cells and that exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself recognition; also called acquired immunity
A substance released by most cells that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable in inflammatory and allergic responses

23 Clues: An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against self. • A substance that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B or T cells • A type of white blood cell that mediates immune responses; 2 main types: B and T cells • The initial adaptive immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of about 10-17 days • ...

Immunology 2013-11-05

Across

Fear of water
Opposite of hydrophobic
Allows bacteria to attach to different surfaces
Power plants of the cell
Controls what goes in and out of cell
Line of defence that includes B and T cells
Coverts sun rays into energy
groups lipids and proteins together within the cell
Helps bacteria cells move around
Water moves in and out of cell, already equilibrium
Breaks down waste in cells
Holds DNA in cell
Stores water and nutrience that cells need
Transportation of solute from a high concentration to a low

Down

Water goes out of cell, cell shrinks
Makes protein in cells
Water goes in cell, cell expands
Cells that mature in thymus
Cells that mature in bone marrow
Fluid the fills cell
Maintains the cells shape
Where B and T cells are produced
Found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
Line of defence that includes the lymphatic system and phagocytes
Protects bacteria cells from harm
Transportation of solvent from low concentration to a high
Line of defence that includes skin, tears and mucus

27 Clues: Fear of water • Holds DNA in cell • Fluid the fills cell • Makes protein in cells • Opposite of hydrophobic • Power plants of the cell • Maintains the cells shape • Breaks down waste in cells • Cells that mature in thymus • Coverts sun rays into energy • Water goes in cell, cell expands • Cells that mature in bone marrow • Where B and T cells are produced • ...

Bio Crossword 2025-03-12

Across

What an antibody clings to
Secreted proteins that allow for communication between WBC
Helps T cells determine self from nonself
Protein that causes pores in targeted membranes
Group of cells that include NK, T, and B cells
System involving proteins that help other immunity cells
Increase in the size of capillaries during inflammation
TNF causes this symptom when it acts on the hypothalamus
Phagocytes that develop from monocytes
Process of certain cells "eating" others

Down

Large lymphocytes that target viruses and cancer
A collection of cells and molecules that protect the body from pathogens
Region that changes with each antibody
T cell type that divides via clonal expansion
Group of peptides and proteins that allow cells to communicate
T cells that fight viruses
An attack on the immune system by itself
The first line of defense we have against pathogens
The immunity type that T cells are responsible for
Where B cells are produced
Another name for an antibody
The subgroups of interferons are called
A microorganism that causes disease

23 Clues: What an antibody clings to • T cells that fight viruses • Where B cells are produced • Another name for an antibody • A microorganism that causes disease • Region that changes with each antibody • Phagocytes that develop from monocytes • The subgroups of interferons are called • An attack on the immune system by itself • Process of certain cells "eating" others • ...

Acronym List SA 2022-10-01

Across

Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
cell, B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria that can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Human immunodeficiency virus
Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans

Down

Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
immune response
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
cell, Natural killer cell: large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
Cell adhesion molecule
Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
Cell-mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
Membrane attack complex: the end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in the pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus

32 Clues: immune response • Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells • Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Chapter 17 and 19 Microbiology 2020-04-20

Across

/ linking together antigens to make larger, increasing phagocytosis
facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells
/ glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens
/ the study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
Serum fraction containing Ab. Can be given to a person as a treatment against a specific antigen
/the generic term for serum because it contains antibodies ( Ab).
/ The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
/ Occur when T and/or B cells are activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins
/Involved in allergic reactions and the lysis of parasitic worms

Down

antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis
/ Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn.
antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement
/ Involves TH cells (TH2 ), B cells (plasma cells), antibodies.Produces antibodies to destroy invaders.
not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs
/ Involves TH cells (TH1), TC cells, phagocytes. Destroys infected host cells.
/ first Ab produced in response to infection (primary response)
/ Likely to be the first type of antibody an invading microbe would encounter because it is present in mucous membranes (secreted).
/ On B cells, initiate immune response with their B cells
/ binding to toxins or viruses or bacterial cells to prevent their binding their host cell targets
/ a molecule that is recognized as non-self by the immune system.

20 Clues: antibodies activate MAC lysis by complement • / Crosses placenta; protects fetus and newborn. • antibodies act as opsonins to increase phagocytosis • facilitate destruction by eosinophils and or NK cells • / glycoproteins made by B cells that recognize antigens • not making self-reactive antibodies or self-reactive TCRs • ...

Immune and Lymphatic Systems 2018-11-14

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Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood
Immunity Is the type of immunity with which you were born
Cells Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed
cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
Red blood cells
Proteins that act as antibodies
Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system

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Substance that is harmful
active immunity Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen
cells Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Disease-causing microor-ganism
White blood cells
Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
Large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
Plays an important role in blood clotting
Blood platelets
Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
Key protein involved in blood clotting
Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma

Immune and Lymphatic Systems 2018-11-14

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cells Attach themselves to antigens and kill them
Disease-causing microor-ganism
Substance that is harmful
Red blood cells
Secrete chemicals to attack disease-causing parasites
active immunity Developed when the body’s immune system is exposed to and learns to defend against one type of pathogen
Immunity Is the type of immunity with which you were born
Proteins that act as antibodies
cells Aid B lymphocytes in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
Cells involved in immune surveillance, the process of detecting and destroying foreign cells in the body
Large, single- nucleus phagocytes that ingest and dis- pose of dead or dying cells and tissues
Makes up a large portion of the proteins in plasma
A protein manufactured by the immune system when the immune system detects an antigen
Blood platelets

Down

Key protein involved in blood clotting
Cells that destroy harmful pathogens
Bone marrow cells with very large nuclei
A protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system
Plays an important role in blood clotting
White blood cells
Cells Slow or stop the activity of B or T cells once a foreign invader has been con- trolled or destroyed
When monocytes move from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood

Adaptive Immunity 2022-09-27

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Effector Th1 CD4 cell subset produce IFN gamma, activate macrophages and stimulate IgG production.
CD8+ cells recognize intracellular antigens presented on ________ surface molecule.
Helper T cells that prime and coordinated CD8 and B cells.
Effector Th2 CD4 cell subset that produce IL-4 and IL-13 and activates alternative macrophages that dampen inflammatory responses.
Changing of the immunoglobulin (Ig) class produced by the B cell.
Antibody coated infected cells are recognized by NK cells and kill.
Antibodies that interact with virus at the host receptor site and blocks viral entry.

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Antibody mediated phagocytosis of microbes.
_______ cells produce antibodies that mediate protective immunity.
Cells that present antigens & prime adaptive response.
Hallmark of adaptive immunity.
Immunity type mediated by B cells.
Is a major antiviral immunoglobulin
CD4+ cells recognize extracellular antigens presented on ___________ surface molecule.
Antibodies that perform effector functions at sites distant from the production site.
Activated CD8+ cells that produce Perforin/Granzyme to kill infected cells.
Secretory antibody that have access to mucosal surfaces.
Presentation of ______ occurs in lymph nodes and mucosa.
T and B cells receptor ________ emerge from random gene rearrangement and selection.

Endocrine System 2022-03-21

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permissive to glucagen
turns glucose to glycogen
comes from thymus gland
from the pineal gland
also known as adrenaline
turns glycogen to glucose
targets thyroid cells
enlarges cells/causes cells to divide
from the testes
prepares for pregnancy
controls secretion of adrenal gland
comes from parathyroid gland
promotes milk production

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targets follicle cells
growth of egg and follicle
targets bone cells
known as noradrenaline
reduces urine production
permissive to FSH
increases protein synthesis
permissive to prolactin
targets kidney cells

22 Clues: from the testes • permissive to FSH • targets bone cells • targets kidney cells • from the pineal gland • targets thyroid cells • targets follicle cells • permissive to glucagen • known as noradrenaline • prepares for pregnancy • comes from thymus gland • permissive to prolactin • also known as adrenaline • reduces urine production • promotes milk production • turns glucose to glycogen • ...

U8Q1 2018-03-20

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overreaction to an allergen antigen
clear fluid; in lymphatic vessels
"killer" T Cell attaches to some antigen bearing cells and destroys directly
vessel caries lymph into node
body invader; bacteria, virus, fungi
antigen-binding; produced by plasma B cells; fights many pathogen
vessel caries lymph away from node
where blood vessels enter node
gland; lower neck region; T cell maturation
vessel vessel; transports lymph
T Cell/B Cell saves antigen shape; multiplies readily when antigen is present again; lasts a lifetime

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defense cells; mature in bone marrow
defense precise; lymphocytes; antigen/antibody
defense broad, nonspecific defense; mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, fever, inflammation, phagocytosis
antigen (but not whole pathogen) is introduced creating memory cells
cell WBC; produces antibodies
WBC; makes antibodies
lymphocytes recognize self antigens as pathogen antigens
protein in cell wall; marker/sign
contamination by pathogen
T Cell creates cytokines that activates T and B cells
large; behind stomach; produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, destroys old blood cells
defense cells; mature in thymus

23 Clues: WBC; makes antibodies • contamination by pathogen • cell WBC; produces antibodies • vessel caries lymph into node • where blood vessels enter node • defense cells; mature in thymus • vessel vessel; transports lymph • clear fluid; in lymphatic vessels • protein in cell wall; marker/sign • vessel caries lymph away from node • overreaction to an allergen antigen • ...

Blood_Vik_Biologie2020 2020-04-16

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Do white blood cells have nuclei?
White blood cells produce ...
Blood clotting
The process by which blood cells are formed
Platelets are also called…
The cellular elements are ... replaced throughout a persons life.
Platelets are used for the … ,when wounded.
The blood type-O has no ...
Red blood cells are also called...
The plasma mainly contains water, proteins and ...
B and T cells are also called...
Loss from 15%-30% of blood results in ...

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Blood contains ... such as insulin or adrenalin.
White blood cells are also called...
You have to be at least ... to donate blood.
Blood has two main components cellular elements and ...
Red blood cells contain...
Red blood cells transport...
When a clot forms and blocks a vessel, it is called a ...
There are 2.5 ... erythrocytes made per second.
Blood ... should,generally speaking,not be mixed.
90% of the plasma is...
Low platelet count
The largest white blood cells are called...
Clotting involves ... stages.
White blood cells ... the body.

26 Clues: Blood clotting • Low platelet count • 90% of the plasma is... • Platelets are also called… • Red blood cells contain... • The blood type-O has no ... • Red blood cells transport... • White blood cells produce ... • Clotting involves ... stages. • White blood cells ... the body. • B and T cells are also called... • Do white blood cells have nuclei? • Red blood cells are also called... • ...

A2.2 Cell structure, B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport, D2.3 Osmosis and water potential, D2.1 Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis 2024-05-28

A2.2 Cell structure, B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport, D2.3 Osmosis and water potential, D2.1 Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis crossword puzzle

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Term describing the organized internal structure of eukaryotic cells
Process of nuclear division producing genetically identical cells
Movement of water molecules across membranes
Describes proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer of membranes
Organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Solution where there is no net movement of water into or out of a cell
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells
Long, whip-like structures for cell motility
Organelle containing DNA in eukaryotic cells
Splitting of cytoplasm during cell division
Term describing DNA without histone proteins in prokaryotes
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism
Cells with structures like cell wall, naked DNA, and 70S ribosomes
Pressure in plant cells due to water in a hypotonic environment
Shrinkage of plant cells in a hypertonic environment
Short, hair-like structures for movement or sensory functions
‘_____ S’ – a type of ribosome found in eukaryotic cells (spell the number)
Error in meiosis leading to conditions like Down syndrome
Lipid bilayer enclosing the cell
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
Rigid structure surrounding plant, fungal, and some bacterial cells
Solution with lower solute concentration causing water to enter cells
‘_____ S’ – a type of ribosome found in prokaryotic cells (spell the number)
Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Allow specific ions to pass through membranes by facilitated diffusion

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Process of expelling material from the cell by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane
Region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located
Lipid bilayer forming the cell boundary
Proteins with carbohydrate chains involved in cell recognition
Network of microtubules and microfilaments providing cell structure
Solution with higher solute concentration causing water to leave cells
Reduction division producing haploid cells from a diploid cell
Maintenance of stable internal conditions in unicellular organisms
Fluid component of cells composed mainly of water
Advanced type of microscopy with high resolution
transport Movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy
Organelles for photosynthesis found in plant cells
Organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
Large, central organelle in plant cells for storage and maintaining turgor pressure
Model describing the structure of cell membranes
Finger-like projections increasing surface area in some cells
The basic structural unit of all living organisms
Organelles responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells
Channel proteins facilitating water movement across membranes
Technique using antibodies and fluorescence to detect proteins
Lipids with carbohydrate chains involved in cell adhesion
Genetic material common to all living cells
Small membrane-bound sacs involved in transport within cells
Structures involved in cell division in animal cells
Proteins that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes

50 Clues: Lipid bilayer enclosing the cell • Lipid bilayer forming the cell boundary • Splitting of cytoplasm during cell division • Genetic material common to all living cells • Movement of water molecules across membranes • Long, whip-like structures for cell motility • Organelle containing DNA in eukaryotic cells • Region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located • ...

Exam 2 Review (BHS316) 2022-02-15

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cytokine that blocks co-stimulatory signal
transfer of antibodies
occurs during B or T cells cluster their receptors in response to a pathogen
___ T cells that do not express CD4, CD8, TCR
occurs in cells when they are killed by pathogens
helper T subset that recognizes parasites or pathogenic bacteria
lymphocytes that may undergo class switching and somatic hypermutation
amino acid region on antigen
process of testing T cells for MHC restriction
provides protection against T cells that may react against self-antigens

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keep immune system from overreacting to foreign antigens
immune cells which kill cells that do not contain class I MHC molecules
two igg molecules combined form this antibody
activates virgin T cells
protein displayed that come from outside the cell
antibodies that are also called gamma globulins
caused by mast cells degranulatin
released by CTL and binds to cell membrane and drills holes
blood valves that are specialized for lymphocytes to exit
display antigens to B cells
antibodies that are good at activating the complement cascade
cytokine that reduces T cell proliferation

22 Clues: transfer of antibodies • activates virgin T cells • display antigens to B cells • amino acid region on antigen • caused by mast cells degranulatin • cytokine that blocks co-stimulatory signal • cytokine that reduces T cell proliferation • two igg molecules combined form this antibody • ___ T cells that do not express CD4, CD8, TCR • ...

Blood 2020-04-17

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A foreign protein
Most numerous blood cells
Reduced oxygen capacity
Solvent for carrying substances in plasma
Transports oxygen in red blood cells
Lymphocytes cell with cytotoxic immune response
Low platelet count
Blood contains genetically determined....
A+ is the .... bloodtype
Plasma protein beginning with the letter A
Largest white blood cells
Contain histamine granules
excess WBC

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Another word for blood clotting
Agranulocytes and
Body's defense against diseases
Transfusions to replace blood quickly must be:
Stem cells of platelets
Liquid Matrix
B,T cells

20 Clues: B,T cells • excess WBC • Liquid Matrix • A foreign protein • Agranulocytes and • Low platelet count • Reduced oxygen capacity • Stem cells of platelets • A+ is the .... bloodtype • Most numerous blood cells • Largest white blood cells • Contain histamine granules • Another word for blood clotting • Body's defense against diseases • Transports oxygen in red blood cells • ...

Workshop 12 2024-10-16

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Which type of T cells interact with MHC class II proteins to activate immune responses?
What type of immune cells are rapidly activated upon re-exposure to the same antigen?
What types of cells respond to chemicals released during infection?
What process involves immune cells engulfing and digesting pathogens?
What are foreign molecules that are recognized by the immune system and stimulate an immune response?
T cells What type of cells are activated by infected cells to destroy pathogens?
What is created by fusing spleen cells with myeloma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies?
What are released by T cells to help activate B cells during immune responses?
What type of cell do B cells differentiate into after interacting with an antigen?
What proteins bind to antigens, marking them for destruction by immune cells?

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Which type of immune cells play a key role in the adaptive immune system?
Which immune response is faster due to the presence of memory cells?
What do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens?
What type of immune response involves antibody production?
What co-receptor assists cytotoxic T cells in binding to the MHC class I-antigen complex?
What type of antibodies bind to multiple epitopes on an antigen?
What are antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies or B cell receptors?

17 Clues: What do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens? • What type of immune response involves antibody production? • What type of antibodies bind to multiple epitopes on an antigen? • What types of cells respond to chemicals released during infection? • Which immune response is faster due to the presence of memory cells? • ...

Cells and Microscopes 2025-09-10

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Cells with a full set of DNA
Green part of plant cells
Cells with no nucleus
Cells with half the normal amount of DNA
Cells with a nucleus
Where cells make proteins
Key adaptation of a sperm cell
Used to make it easier to see parts of a specimen
The lens that you look through
Where plant cells store cell sap

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Where respiration takes place in cells
Small hairs on the outside of some cells
Control used to make the image look sharp
Finger like structures found on cells from the intestine
Outer layer of a plant cell
Specimens are placed onto this to view under a microscope
Where most cells store DNA

17 Clues: Cells with a nucleus • Cells with no nucleus • Green part of plant cells • Where cells make proteins • Where most cells store DNA • Outer layer of a plant cell • Cells with a full set of DNA • Key adaptation of a sperm cell • The lens that you look through • Where plant cells store cell sap • Where respiration takes place in cells • Small hairs on the outside of some cells • ...

Immunology Terms 2021-09-22

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molecule that is recognized in native structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs, and contributes to innate immune resposnses
protein family to which antibodies and B cell receptors belong
multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
cell surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins
a type of cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for T reg cell function
immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells
type of adaptive immunity in which there is a major role for effector T cells
end product of the complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
the antigen receptor on T cells
subset of CD4+ T cells that are involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
a type of immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface

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pathogen associated molecular patterns
type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
type of leukocyte with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
cell adhesion molecule
type of pattern recognition receptors present of leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMP's on pathogens
acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, and can trigger complement activation, and acts as an opsonin
family name for cytokines that helps cells to resist viral infections
general designation of many of the different cytokines
type of CD8+ T lymphocyte with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells via apoptosis
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprimised of two different subsets (CD4 and CD8)
soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens and can activate the lectin pathway of Complement
a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMP's on microbes
subset of CD4+ T cells that are involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells

32 Clues: cell adhesion molecule • the antigen receptor on T cells • pathogen associated molecular patterns • immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • cell surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins • general designation of many of the different cytokines • a type of immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • ...

Trevor cell review 2025-10-02

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cells boarder
makes oxygen
brain of the cell
water
conveyor belt
powerhouse of the cell
multi celled organism
building block of all life
part of a cell
jelly that holds the organelle in place
chloroplast make oxygen

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Assembly lines
Theory that all living things are made of cells
shipping center
cells structure
Warehouse of the cell
cells convert food into energy
Recycling center
cells divide into perfect copies
carbon
single celled organism
glucose
Oxygen

23 Clues: water • carbon • Oxygen • glucose • makes oxygen • cells boarder • conveyor belt • Assembly lines • part of a cell • shipping center • cells structure • Recycling center • brain of the cell • Warehouse of the cell • multi celled organism • powerhouse of the cell • single celled organism • chloroplast make oxygen • building block of all life • cells convert food into energy • cells divide into perfect copies • ...

Blood and Lymph Systems 2013-07-22

Blood and Lymph Systems crossword puzzle

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primary gland of the lymphatic system, produces T cells
cancerous disease of the blood forming organs
drug that causes narrowing of blood vessels
abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
condition of reduced red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood
drug that prevents clotting of the blood
enlargement of the spleen
T cells, B cells, and NK cells
drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
causes formation of antibodies against it
liquid portion of blood and lymph
breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
fluid circulated through lymph vessels
protein-iron compound that transports O2 and CO2

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presence of large red blood cells
organ that filters out aging blood cells
white blood cell
excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
liquid portion of blood left after clotting
presence of small red blood cells
red blood cell
thrombocytes, cell fragments in the blood essential for clotting
a granular leukocyte
bleeding disorder, defect in clotting factor
Hodgkins disease, disorder of the lymph tissue
process of disease protection

26 Clues: red blood cell • white blood cell • a granular leukocyte • enlargement of the spleen • process of disease protection • T cells, B cells, and NK cells • presence of large red blood cells • presence of small red blood cells • liquid portion of blood and lymph • fluid circulated through lymph vessels • organ that filters out aging blood cells • ...

Ch. 10 Blood and Immune Crossword 2022-03-29

Ch. 10 Blood and Immune Crossword crossword puzzle

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disease of the lymph glands
destruction of (red) blood cells
surgical fixation of the spleen
myeloma tumors of the bone marrow
increase in white blood cells
tumor of lymphatic tissue
suturing of the spleen
red blood cell
excision of the adenoids
tumor of the thymus gland
lymph cell
reduction of clotting cells
pertaining to destruction; blood cells
abnormal reduction of blood cells
formation of blood cells
enlargement of the spleen
excision of the spleen

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excision of the tonsils
excision of the thymus
record of the lymphatic vessels
inflammation of the lymph glands
formation of white blood cells
decrease in white blood cells
increase in red blood cells
increase in number of platelets
tissue swelling; lymphatic obstruction
white blood cell
excision of a lymph node
formation of red blood cells
inflammation of the tonsils
inflammation of the adenoids
formation of bone marrow
condition of absence of a spleen
inflammation of the spleen
tumor in a lymphatic vessel
study of blood

36 Clues: lymph cell • red blood cell • study of blood • white blood cell • excision of the thymus • suturing of the spleen • excision of the spleen • excision of the tonsils • excision of a lymph node • excision of the adenoids • formation of bone marrow • formation of blood cells • tumor of lymphatic tissue • tumor of the thymus gland • enlargement of the spleen • inflammation of the spleen • ...

Chapter 16. Immunity 2022-03-23

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Memory T cells can live up to days, weeks or decades
Type of immunity uses physical barriers (skin)
Promote inflammation
Type of T cell that activates B cells
A symptom of local inflammation
Bacteria, pollen, and transplanted tissue are examples of _____ antigens
Immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn after birth
Reacts with an antigen
Chemical signal secreted by T helper cells

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Type of immunity with cytokines released from cytotoxic T cells
Cells produce interferon in response to
Chemical substances released from microorganisms or damaged tissue attract wbcs
Slower immune response but more specific for the pathogen is the_____ defense
Secreted by cells infected with viruses, alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected
Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells secrete
The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is
Increases temperature which slows the growth of bacteria
Disease-causing agent
Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity responses
A phagocytic cell
Cells that produce antibodies
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus in response to thymosins
Antibodies produced in allergic reactions

23 Clues: A phagocytic cell • Promote inflammation • Disease-causing agent • Reacts with an antigen • Cells that produce antibodies • A symptom of local inflammation • Type of T cell that activates B cells • Cells produce interferon in response to • Antibodies produced in allergic reactions • Chemical signal secreted by T helper cells • The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

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Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

25 Clues: Immune response • Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection • The end stage of disease in HIV infection • Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Cells Crossword 2020-04-06

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The provide energy for the cell by breaking down all the nutrients - the “powerhouse” of the cell
Absorb sunlight through photosynthesis and produce food
The movement of materials into or out of a cell
transport The process of moving materials in and out of the cell without using energy
membrane Controls the movement of substance into and out of the cell (like a doorway to the cell)
A similar group of cells that work together
To digest and remove waste from the cell (the clean-up crew)
To store materials for the cell such as water and waste
An living thing that is made of one cell
Genetic material that determines what traits a living thing will have
reticulum Transports proteins and other materials for the cell (is like UPS/FEDEX)

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The movement of water into and out of the cell
A small structure held within the cell’s cytoplasm that perform all of the different functions
These manufacture/make proteins
An living that is made of more than one or many types of cells.
To control and organize all of the cell’s activities
apparatus To modify/sort and package proteins for the cell (acts like the post office)
A jelly-like substance that takes up most of the cell’s space

18 Clues: These manufacture/make proteins • An living thing that is made of one cell • A similar group of cells that work together • The movement of water into and out of the cell • The movement of materials into or out of a cell • To control and organize all of the cell’s activities • Absorb sunlight through photosynthesis and produce food • ...

Duncan Cells 2023-03-28

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To get you strong
Can be one can be multiple
plant cell
10 40 400
made the compound microscope
Dutch microbiologist
Were deoxyribonucleic is
Sun -> Food
Can see it under 400x on the microscope
It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

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lipid metabolism
outer layer
Processes protein even more
The garbage man
one of the first two scientists to discover microorganisms in 1665
Powers the biochemical reactions of the cell
TPC
move microbes and debris up and out of the airways

18 Clues: TPC • 10 40 400 • plant cell • outer layer • Sun -> Food • The garbage man • lipid metabolism • To get you strong • Dutch microbiologist • Were deoxyribonucleic is • Can be one can be multiple • Processes protein even more • made the compound microscope • Can see it under 400x on the microscope • Powers the biochemical reactions of the cell • move microbes and debris up and out of the airways • ...

Cells Revision 2014-08-18

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Instrument used to magnify images of small objects
Part of the microscope used to hold the slide
specialized animal cell that helps the body fight infection
Part of cells that is a jelly like substance where new substances are made
chemical reaction in plants whereby glucose is burnt to obtain energy
Part of plant cell that provides support for the cell
Process that plants undergo to produce food
Controls the chemical reactions in a cell

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specialized animal cell that carried oxygen around the body
What all living things are made out of
Objects that can only be seen using a microscope
Storage part of the cell
One of the scientists who proposed the cell theory of life
sugar produced by photosynthesis
Part of plant cell that contains chlorophyll
Type of microscope that is more powerful than the compound microscope
Type of microscope usually seen in schools
Part of microscope that contains the ocular lens

18 Clues: Storage part of the cell • sugar produced by photosynthesis • What all living things are made out of • Controls the chemical reactions in a cell • Type of microscope usually seen in schools • Process that plants undergo to produce food • Part of plant cell that contains chlorophyll • Part of the microscope used to hold the slide • ...

Cells & Microscopes 2014-10-17

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Increases surface are for protein synthesis and transports proteins.
The semi solid mass of organelles at the bottom of the tube after centrifugation.
A device used to seperate organelles during cell fractionation.
The material filling the inside of a mitochondrion.
Chemicals which prevent pH change.
The site of aerobic respiration.
The number of times larger an image is than the object itself.
The liquid above the pellet in a centrifuge tube after centrifugation.
Synthesises and transports lipids.
Contains potent digestive enzymes involved in autolysis.

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The name given to the double membrane surrounding the nucleus.
Responsible for protein synthesis.
Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The type of electron microscope which prodeces a 3D image.
The amount of detail which can be seen with a microscope.
Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles.
Solutions containing the same concentration of solute.
Allow RNA to move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

18 Clues: The site of aerobic respiration. • Responsible for protein synthesis. • Chemicals which prevent pH change. • Synthesises and transports lipids. • Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. • Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles. • The material filling the inside of a mitochondrion. • Solutions containing the same concentration of solute. • ...

cells vocab 2015-10-29

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a gel-like substances that is in the cell
controls the cell
has the DNA
only in plant cells and is the protection layer
keeps the cell full of energy
storage
carries the cromatin
a structureal support (skeleton)

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gives cells the ability to move
surrounds the nucleus
takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products
functions energy production
inside of nucleus
a network of tubular membranes
site of the protein manufacture
eyelashes
protects the cell after death
contains chlorophyll

18 Clues: storage • eyelashes • has the DNA • controls the cell • inside of nucleus • contains chlorophyll • carries the cromatin • surrounds the nucleus • functions energy production • keeps the cell full of energy • protects the cell after death • a network of tubular membranes • gives cells the ability to move • site of the protein manufacture • a structureal support (skeleton) • ...

Cells (Spanish) 2023-07-28

Across

Célula que no tiene pared celular ni cloroplasto
Pequeños puntos negros que se encuentran en el retículo endoplásmico rugoso
El círculo dentro del núcleo.
Desempeña un papel en la digestión y es un saco delimitado por una membrana
Capa en el exterior; en células vegetales pero no en células animales
Común en células animales; círculos rojos; ayuda con el metabolismo
que protege a la célula de su propia producción.
Vesícula; “transporte de carga”
Como el cerebro de la célula
Solo se encuentra en células animales; parte del citoesqueleto

Down

Compuesto principalmente de agua y otra palabra para esto es Citoplasma
Hace la producción de energía
Célula que tiene una pared celular y un cloroplasto
Como la pared de la celda pero es la segunda capa de guardia
Ayuda a mantener la forma de las células; Microtúbulos en 3 partes, filamentos de actina y fibras intermedias
Es verde y se puede encontrar en una célula vegetal pero no en una célula animal
Se producen microtúbulos; amarillo y comienza con C
Almacena proteína; una sola membrana

18 Clues: Como el cerebro de la célula • Hace la producción de energía • El círculo dentro del núcleo. • Vesícula; “transporte de carga” • Almacena proteína; una sola membrana • Célula que no tiene pared celular ni cloroplasto • que protege a la célula de su propia producción. • Célula que tiene una pared celular y un cloroplasto • ...

Cells & Organelles 2023-08-30

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Controls cell activities and contains genetic material
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Site of aerobic respiration which releases energy.
A storage organelle, filled with cell sap.
Site of photosynthesis.
A structure within a cell that carries out a particular funciton.
Specialised cell which contains many mitochondria to provide energy for contraction.
Occasionally found as the outer layer of a bacterial cell.

Down

Structure occasionally found as a method of locomotion for bacterial cells.
Shape of a specialised cell which transports oxygen within blood.
Site of protein synthesis.
A specialised animal cell with NO nucleus.
Site of many of the cells chemical reactions.
Cells which have genetic material contained within a nucleus.
Cells which have a single DNA loop, not within a nucleus.
Specialised cell with a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions, contains no chloroplasts.
Basic building block of all living organisms.
Outer layer of a plant cell.

18 Clues: Site of photosynthesis. • Site of protein synthesis. • Outer layer of a plant cell. • Controls what enters and leaves the cell. • A specialised animal cell with NO nucleus. • A storage organelle, filled with cell sap. • Site of many of the cells chemical reactions. • Basic building block of all living organisms. • Site of aerobic respiration which releases energy. • ...

Cells Intro 2024-09-18

Across

Plants, Fungi, Animals
All cells also have these
All cells have this
Bacteria, protists, and archaea
All living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest living thing, all cells come from other preexisting cells
Protein filaments within a cell for structure
Performs cellular respiration in eukaryotes, not found in prokaryotes
Holds DNA in eukaryotes
Makes and stores lipids

Down

House their DNA in a nucleus
Gel like fluid within a cell
No nucleus, like bacteria
Perform certain jobs for a cell
Stores water, carbohydrates, salts
Only some cells like plants and bacteria have this around them
Performs photosynthesis in autotrophs
Breaks down old/worn down cell parts/molecules
All cells have this around them

18 Clues: All cells have this • Plants, Fungi, Animals • Holds DNA in eukaryotes • Makes and stores lipids • No nucleus, like bacteria • All cells also have these • House their DNA in a nucleus • Gel like fluid within a cell • Perform certain jobs for a cell • Bacteria, protists, and archaea • All cells have this around them • Stores water, carbohydrates, salts • ...

cells & membranes 2025-11-10

Across

Hydrophobic part of phospholipid bilayer
Type of substance which can move across membranes by simple diffusion
Fluid filled space in chloroplasts
Generates a 3D image of surface
Contained in bacterial cell walls
Requires hydrolysis of ATP and specific carrier proteins
Makes ribosomes / rRNA
Transports proteins and lipids to their required destination

Down

Has the maximum possible water potential
Site of DNA replication
Contain hydrolytic enzymes
Facilitate diffusion of water-soluble substances
Often present in electron micrographs due to the complex preparation
Made of RNA and protein
Liquid above the solid pellet after centrifugation
Decreases fluidity / permeability, and increases rigidity of cell membranes
Inner membrane fold in mitochondria
Sometimes present in prokaryotic cells

18 Clues: Makes ribosomes / rRNA • Site of DNA replication • Made of RNA and protein • Contain hydrolytic enzymes • Generates a 3D image of surface • Contained in bacterial cell walls • Fluid filled space in chloroplasts • Inner membrane fold in mitochondria • Sometimes present in prokaryotic cells • Has the maximum possible water potential • Hydrophobic part of phospholipid bilayer • ...

Cells Crossword 2025-10-03

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The process where energy is produced for a plant cell.
A type of eukaryotic cell that has a cell wall and chloroplast.
Produces ATP for the cell.
Found in Both Cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) but found in different places.
Transports materials inside a cell (doesn't have ribosomes attached to it).
This organelle in a cell is created in the nucleolus.
Parts in a cell that have a specific role to keep the cell going.
A type a cell that can be multicellular or unicellular, an example is plants and animals.
What ribosomes produce for the cell and helps support cell structures

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Breaks down waste and worn-down cell parts
Acts like vacuum bags.
Is a gel like fluid found all around the cell.
Can be bacteria or Archera.
What the mitochondria produces to give energy to the organelles to function.
Like a Security Guard.
Only found in a plant cell and is responsible for supplying energy to the cell.
A type of prokaryotic cell
Transports proteins and lipids for the cell and has ribosomes attached to it.

18 Clues: Acts like vacuum bags. • Like a Security Guard. • Produces ATP for the cell. • A type of prokaryotic cell • Can be bacteria or Archera. • Breaks down waste and worn-down cell parts • Is a gel like fluid found all around the cell. • This organelle in a cell is created in the nucleolus. • The process where energy is produced for a plant cell. • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

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Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

green pigment that gives plants a green color
packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
tough, outside of cell membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
produce energy for cells to survive
makes proteins
cells do not have a nucleus
gel fluid that fills a cell
the storage part of a cell
circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Down

cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
not rough, moves materials through cells
smallest and basic unit of life
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
a barrier that protects the cell
breaks down food and waste in cells
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells

19 Clues: makes proteins • the storage part of a cell • cells do not have a nucleus • gel fluid that fills a cell • barrel shaped in animal cells • smallest and basic unit of life • tough, outside of cell membrane • a barrier that protects the cell • breaks down food and waste in cells • produce energy for cells to survive • not rough, moves materials through cells • ...

brayden Wilson cell review 2025-10-01

brayden Wilson cell review crossword puzzle

Across

having cells with good or membrane bound nuclei
Cells are microscopic
things that happen outside an organism
the ability to keep proper conditions inside
plant cell that creates energy from sunlight
protection for the cell
the first largest category
smallest unit organism
many cells
things that happen inside an organism
Makes proteins

Down

scientists used to classify organism
cells that lack membrane
Cells are dynamic,
An organelle responsible cell's energy
one cell
Cells serve as the basic building blocks
Cells are the most fundamental unit of life
any living thing

19 Clues: one cell • many cells • Makes proteins • any living thing • Cells are dynamic, • Cells are microscopic • smallest unit organism • protection for the cell • cells that lack membrane • the first largest category • scientists used to classify organism • things that happen inside an organism • An organelle responsible cell's energy • things that happen outside an organism • ...

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

cells do not have a nucleus
breaks down food and waste in cells
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
green pigment that gives plants a green color
the storage part of a cell
tough, outside of cell membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
makes proteins
produce energy for cells to survive

Down

circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
a barrier that protects the cell
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
apparatus packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
smallest and basic unit of life
not rough, moves materials through cells
gel fluid that fills a cell

Crossword About Cells 2025-01-03

Across

produce energy for cells to survive
tough, outside of cell membrane
a barrier that protects the cell
controls what a cell does and has chromosomes in it
cells do not have a nucleus
bumpy with ribosomes and moves materials in cells
the storage part of a cell
packaging center in cells, takes in protein and moves it
gel fluid that fills a cell
circle in the middle of the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Down

green pigment that gives plants a green color
makes proteins
smallest and basic unit of life
small, uses sunlight to make food in plant cells
cells contain a nucleus within a membrane
barrel shaped in animal cells
not rough, moves materials through cells
no cell nucleus and perform a specific function
breaks down food and waste in cells

19 Clues: makes proteins • the storage part of a cell • cells do not have a nucleus • gel fluid that fills a cell • barrel shaped in animal cells • smallest and basic unit of life • tough, outside of cell membrane • a barrier that protects the cell • produce energy for cells to survive • breaks down food and waste in cells • not rough, moves materials through cells • ...

Immunology 2025-02-19

Across

Activated by antigen presented on MHC II CD4+
Regulates development, effector function, and homeostasis of cells of the skeletal, neuronal and immune systems
Phagocytes and granulocytes
Recognizing non self in innate immunity
Happens in bone marrow during development
Relatively rare circulating granulocyte that fights parasitic infections
Lymphoid that does not recognize antigens
Takes antigens from periphery and presents them to lymph nodes to activate adaptive immune response
Activated by recognizing antigen CD40+
Primary: Bone marrow and Thymus, Secondary: Spleen and lymph nodes
Granulocyte found in tissues especially epithelia
Terminally differentiated

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Circulating precursor to phagocytic cells
Circulating granulocyte that fights parasitic infections and contributes to asthma and other allergies
T-cells and B-cells
Becomes faster and stronger with each new exposure
Has Fc region with a flexible hinge
Basophils, mast cells, natural killer cells
Cells that directly recognize antigens
Short lived phagocyte that is recruited to the site of infection
Monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages
Recognizing non self in adaptive immunity
Antigen presenting cell that can be activated by T cells and antibody binding
Often stimulate cell proliferation and/or differentiation of blood cells
Kills cells presenting antigens on MHC I via its TCR CD8+
Same response every time
Produced by a lot of cells in response to PAMPs, promotes inflammation

27 Clues: T-cells and B-cells • Same response every time • Terminally differentiated • Phagocytes and granulocytes • Has Fc region with a flexible hinge • Cells that directly recognize antigens • Activated by recognizing antigen CD40+ • Recognizing non self in innate immunity • Circulating precursor to phagocytic cells • Happens in bone marrow during development • ...

yareli 2025-12-09

Across

known as the powerhouse of the cell
an organism that make its own food,usually
contains water and nutrients
in pond water.
into two identical cells.
fission a type of reproduction where one cell
provides support
first to see cells using a microscope and
sunlight.
schwann discovered that all animals are made of
them "cells"
cells.

Down

schleiden disvovered that all plants are made
virchow stated that all cells come from existing
membrance protective layer that surrounds of the cell
contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny
found only in plants cells
an organsism that gets food by eating other
storage areas for the cell

20 Clues: cells. • sunlight. • contains DNA • them "cells" • in pond water. • provides support • into two identical cells. • found only in plants cells • storage areas for the cell • contains water and nutrients • first to see living cells and tiny • known as the powerhouse of the cell • first to see cells using a microscope and • an organism that make its own food,usually • ...

The Immune System 2022-10-17

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Type of defence that reacts immediately.
Immune response using T cells.
An activated T cell presents an x.
These cells from B cell differentiation are more like B cells.
These cells churn out antibodies.
Type of cells that respond to chemicals released by pathogens during infections.
Memory cells are not active, they are x.

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Antibodies are also called x.
B cells divide and this causes x so that resulting cells are either plasma or memory B cells.
These are attenuated viruses.
Binding of antigen can inactivate the x by lysis or phagocytosis.
An x binds to an antigen.
x T cells (killer T cells).
White blood cells.
Antibodies that are artificially produced.
Binding of this with the T helper cell stimulates a reaction.
Antibody-mediated immune response.

17 Clues: White blood cells. • An x binds to an antigen. • x T cells (killer T cells). • Antibodies are also called x. • These are attenuated viruses. • Immune response using T cells. • These cells churn out antibodies. • An activated T cell presents an x. • Antibody-mediated immune response. • Type of defence that reacts immediately. • Memory cells are not active, they are x. • ...

Intestinal Epithelial Cell 2022-10-18

Intestinal Epithelial Cell crossword puzzle

Across

Phagocytic Antigen Presenting Cells
Binds to antigen and is transferred to outside of cell
Immune respone that defends against intracellular pathogen
when activated, stimulates B cells
second exposure of antigen stimulate memory cells, producing this and cytotoxic t cells
Y-shaped protein that binds to antigen
Immune response that defends against extracellular pathogen
Receptors on surface that react directly with antigens
artificially produced antibodies that recognises one epitope

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Similar to original B cells, produce plasma and cytotoxic t cells
Pathogens and "non-self molecules"
formation of clumps of cells when antibod. bind to antigen
antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes
globular protein associated with immune system
Transmembrane glycoprotein co-receptor that assists T Cell receptor
Sites of white blood cell production
attenuated virus that trigger immune response and memory cells

17 Clues: Pathogens and "non-self molecules" • when activated, stimulates B cells • Phagocytic Antigen Presenting Cells • Sites of white blood cell production • Y-shaped protein that binds to antigen • antibodies that bind to multiple epitopes • globular protein associated with immune system • Binds to antigen and is transferred to outside of cell • ...

Immunology Acronyms 2023-09-21

Across

Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
The part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
The end stage of disease in HIV infection
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
Immune response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on manyleukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
A mechanism NK cells usea molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
General designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells

Down

Protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, Dand J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowingIg and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
The two genes essential for Ig and TCR generearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules toT cell receptors on T cells
An immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
Multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
End product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
Cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (againstDNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
A type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells

Adaptive Immunity 2025-11-04

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The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens
First Ab produced in response to infection;Pentamer
disruption of cell by complement reactive protein attracts phagocytic & other defense immune system cells
2nd exposure to same Ag, the response is rapid & results in high Ab titer
Specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen
Proteins made in response to an antigen
Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms;Monomer
T cytotoxic cells (destroy deformed/infected cells)
mature in bone marrow; hangs out in germinal center in cortex
carried out by antibodies circulating in the blood. Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes that have matured into plasma cells
develop in bone marrow or in fetal liver
cells suppress T cells against self subset of CD4 TH cells formerly called T suppressor cells
stimulates T-h cells
coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis
first contact with Ag is characterized by IgM followed by IgG
B cells becomes activated when an Ag reacts with specific receptors on its surface
activates T-h, B, T-c, and NK cells

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mature in thymus;hangs out in medulla
enhances phagocytosis & reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with
In secretions (tears,colostrum, saliva, mucus);Dimer
Antibody that remains associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the B lymphocyte
On B cells, initiate immune response;Monomer
induce migration of leukocytes to infection
blocks adhesion of bacteria & viruses to mucosa
in all cells. Accepts or rejects ag as compatible or not.Attaches to non compatible ag and presents it to T cell
digest antigen; can be any type of phagocyte
Main class of Ab in blood (80% of serum antibodies);monomer
T helper cells(surface antigen)
immunity carried out by T lymphocytes and occurs at the cellular level
cells that kill/attack
A substance the body identifies as foreign and to which it produces specific antibodies or sensitized Tcells
small molecule that can act as an antigen if it binds to a larger protein molecule
destroy t-h cells & impairs humoral & cell mediated immunity

33 Clues: stimulates T-h cells • cells that kill/attack • T helper cells(surface antigen) • activates T-h, B, T-c, and NK cells • mature in thymus;hangs out in medulla • Proteins made in response to an antigen • develop in bone marrow or in fetal liver • induce migration of leukocytes to infection • On B cells, initiate immune response;Monomer • ...

Cells 2 2025-09-01

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specialized cell that gives rise to differentiated cells
group of cells of the same kind that perform a function
pocketlike folds in the cell membrane allowing the entrance and storage of large molecules
structure such as heart or kidney made of groups of tissues
formation of tumors
control center of the cell
pouchlike structures throughout the cytoplasm for storage

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tissue the covers the body and lines the inner cavities
tissue that joins body parts: bone, cartilage, fat, blood
number of cells increase due to increased cell division
cells enlarge because of inclreased proteins in cell membrane
tissue responsible for movement: smooth, skeletal, cardiac
size, shape, and strcture of mature cells becomes abnormal
the basic substance that fors the cell
specialized cell part analogous to an organ
group of organs that perform a function
growth, replication, and division of cells
tissue that sends electrical messages throughout the body

18 Clues: formation of tumors • control center of the cell • the basic substance that fors the cell • group of organs that perform a function • growth, replication, and division of cells • specialized cell part analogous to an organ • tissue the covers the body and lines the inner cavities • number of cells increase due to increased cell division • ...

Cells & Life 2025-10-03

Across

a membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food—a sugar called glucose—from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis.
a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
the smallest unit of life.
a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell.
a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound.
a microscope that uses a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through an object or onto an object’s surface.
the theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.

Down

the process by which new organisms are produced.
membrane-surrounded component of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function.
a long chain of amino acid molecules; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
an organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change.
a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activity and contains genetic information stored in DNA.
a microscope that uses light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object.
a living thing that is made up of two or more cells.
the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane; contains salts and other molecules.
a living thing that is made up of only one cell.
a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms.

18 Clues: the smallest unit of life. • the process by which new organisms are produced. • a living thing that is made up of only one cell. • a living thing that is made up of two or more cells. • a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound. • a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. • ...

the immune system 2022-10-18

Across

All antibodies have what linkages holding them together?
What process is stimulated when an antigen is first exposed to B cells and interacts with one of the receptors on one of the B cells
A non-specific immune response
How are memory cells found in the body?
Vaccines trigger what kind of response in the body?
In the cell-mediated immune response, when cells are infected with a pathogen, what type of T cells are activated
A cytotoxic protein that perforates the cell by inserting itself in the target cells plasma membrane and creating holes/pores in the cell
The transmembrane glycoprotein that is a co-receptor and assists the T cell receptor in communicating with an antigen-presenting cell
What are antibodies also called?
What do T cells do to B cells?
what do B cells have on their surface that react directly with antigens in blood

Down

Binding of the Antibodies can inactivate the pathogen by
White blood cells (B cells or T cells) that are undifferentiated stem cells
A type of leukocyte found in the spleen that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in response to inflammation
In the humoral mammalian immune system response, what do plasma cells secrete that bind to antigens making them easier targets for phagocytes
What is the antigen engulfed by?
Blood serum contains what kind of antibodies?
In mammalian immune system, what immune response involves T cells

18 Clues: A non-specific immune response • What do T cells do to B cells? • What is the antigen engulfed by? • What are antibodies also called? • How are memory cells found in the body? • Blood serum contains what kind of antibodies? • Vaccines trigger what kind of response in the body? • Binding of the Antibodies can inactivate the pathogen by • ...

The immune system - EA, CC, JH, GK 2024-10-15

The immune system - EA, CC, JH, GK crossword puzzle

Across

which type of immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies in the adaptive immune response?
Which immune T cells directly kill virus-infected cells?
what is the term for a foreign substance that simulates an immune response in the body?
What co-receptor on helper T cells helps recognize antigens presented by MHC II?
what type of white blood cells are crucial for adaptive immunity?
what is the name of an attenuated virus that triggers an immune response and memory cells
what type of cells ensure a quicker immune response upon re-exposure to an antigen?
What is the term for antibodies, named for their role in the immune system?
what are the signalling molecules released T cells that promote B cell growth and division?

Down

what term describes substances released from cells, such as antibodies produced by plasma cells?
Which immune cells engulf pathogens and present antigens to activate the adaptive immune system?
which type of immune response that involves T cells directly attacking infected or abnormal cells
which Y-shaped protein is produced by plasma cells and binds to specific antigens?
what is a specialised antibody that is not naturally derived?
what cells do B cells differentiate into to produce antibodies?
which serine proteases trigger programmed cell death?
What type of immune response is non-specific and acts immediately or within hours?
what is the process of attaching antibodies to antigens that inactivates them?

18 Clues: which serine proteases trigger programmed cell death? • Which immune T cells directly kill virus-infected cells? • what is a specialised antibody that is not naturally derived? • what cells do B cells differentiate into to produce antibodies? • what type of white blood cells are crucial for adaptive immunity? • ...

yareli 2025-12-09

Across

known as the powerhouse of the cell
an organism that make its own food,usually
contains water and nutrients
in pond water.
into two identical cells.
fission a type of reproduction where one cell
provides support
first to see cells using a microscope and
sunlight.
schwann discovered that all animals are made of
them "cells"
cells.

Down

schleiden disvovered that all plants are made
virchow stated that all cells come from existing
membrance protective layer that surrounds of the cell
contains DNA
first to see living cells and tiny
found only in plants cells
an organsism that gets food by eating other
storage areas for the cell

Blood Anatomy and Physiology 2023-09-28

Blood Anatomy and Physiology crossword puzzle

Across

most plasma proteins are produced by
which has segments or lobes in the cell nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm, consisting of neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
is a yellowish liquid whose job is to carry blood cells
The largest white blood cells function to eat dead cells and attack microorganisms.
white blood cells are the most numerous
another name for white blood cells
A condition where the white blood cell count is very low
White blood cells can enter and leave blood vessels through a process called
clumping in a liquid due to the introduction of a substance into it
another name for rupture of red blood cells
... colour The characteristics of blood if it is rich in oxygen are shown through color

Down

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone called
White blood cells whose job is to protect the body from attacks by incoming bacteria and viruses
cells that function to store the genetic material of living things such as DNA and RNA.
Hormone that accelerates platelet production
substances that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies as a form of resistance
one of the blood components that functions to help the blood clotting process.
cells that work by releasing toxins to destroy pathogens are
cells that secrete antibodies to prevent blood clots
another name for the formation of blood cells

20 Clues: another name for white blood cells • most plasma proteins are produced by • white blood cells are the most numerous • another name for rupture of red blood cells • Hormone that accelerates platelet production • another name for the formation of blood cells • cells that secrete antibodies to prevent blood clots • is a yellowish liquid whose job is to carry blood cells • ...

Immunity 2022-03-16

Across

an immune response that involves memory cells
a type of selection that involves W.B.C. clones
an immune response to the body's own cells
a type of defense that includes the skin and tears
T cells that activate humoral and cell mediated
a name for white blood cells
attack +1 cell pathogens with enzymes
an immune response that responds immediately
cellular ingestion/breakdown of foreign substances
phagocytic cells found throughout the body
an immune response using specialized T-cells
a body system that fights pathogens
agents that cause disease
an initial exposure immune response
pathogen parts that cause B&T cells to react
B cell secreted proteins that attack pathogens
W.B.C from bone marrow w/Y-shaped receptors
phagocytic cells that develop immunity in skin

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W.B.C from the thymus that can be cytotoxic
immunity that provides short term protection
an immune response that is specific and has memory
a response caused by cytokines & histamine
an immune response where antibodies attack
a type of immune cell found in insect hemolymph
cells that detect and kill abnormal body cells
phagocytic cells that are attracted to infection
antigens that elicit allergic responses
T cells that are effectors in cell mediated resp
immunity that occurs naturally upon infection

29 Clues: agents that cause disease • a name for white blood cells • a body system that fights pathogens • an initial exposure immune response • attack +1 cell pathogens with enzymes • antigens that elicit allergic responses • an immune response to the body's own cells • a response caused by cytokines & histamine • an immune response where antibodies attack • ...

Cells Vocab 2015-10-27

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short hair-like projections that wave to help move cell
in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Respiration- the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
network of protein filaments that help a cell keeps its shape & helps with movement protein filaments called microtribules/ microfilaments
Apparatus- Golgi Complex
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein

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Envelope- surrounds nucleus & has thousands of pores allowing material in & out of nucleus
makes ribosomes inside nucleus
found in green plants & some protists; capturing sun energy & converting it to chemical energy
Wall- a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
thick fluid outside nucleus; throughout cells
transform chemical energy from food into useful energy for both plants & animals cells
strands of DNA located throughout nucleus
reticulum- a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
long whip-like projection that aid in movement; usually just 1 or 2
sac-like structure used for storage

18 Clues: Apparatus- Golgi Complex • makes ribosomes inside nucleus • sac-like structure used for storage • strands of DNA located throughout nucleus • a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein • thick fluid outside nucleus; throughout cells • a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes • short hair-like projections that wave to help move cell • ...

Cells BINGO 2015-10-28

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the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport
a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell
the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell
the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells
a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa
a plastid containing chlorophyll
a conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell

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A tubular membrane that transports materials
an organelle in the cytoplasm that produces energy
a central part about which other parts are grouped or gathered, in other words, the core
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence
a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles
plural form of cilium

18 Clues: plural form of cilium • a plastid containing chlorophyll • A tubular membrane that transports materials • an organelle in the cytoplasm that produces energy • a conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell • the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell • a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa • ...

Cells & Organelles 2014-02-21

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Site of protein synthesis in the cell
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is like the cell's ______ system
These cells have no true nucleus or organelles
Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes
Cellular powerhouse; site of photosynthesis
This organelle digests & recycles materials in the cell
Has a folded inner membrane with lots of enzymes
Protects plant, fungi and bacterial cells
Small extra loops of bacterial DNA

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These cells have a true nucleus and organelles
The only organelles possessed by prokaryotes
The cell membrane is made of a double layer of these
Usually the biggest organelle in an animal cell
Stores food, water and wastes; mainly in plants
Prokaryotes are also called these
The single, circular chromosome in a prokaryote
All living things are made of these
Everything inside the cell, except for the nucleus

18 Clues: Prokaryotes are also called these • Small extra loops of bacterial DNA • All living things are made of these • Site of protein synthesis in the cell • Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes • Protects plant, fungi and bacterial cells • Cellular powerhouse; site of photosynthesis • The only organelles possessed by prokaryotes • ...

Cells Vocabulary 2021-02-16

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A larger, more complex cell that stores its DNA in a nucleus. Animals and plants contain eukaryotic cells. These cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
The flexible outer covering surrounding every cell. It allows some things to pass through it, and others cannot pass through. Can be composed of one or more layers.
A stable internal environment
Storage areas for water, food, or waste products. Plants have a large central vacuole for water storage, while animal cells may have a few smaller vacuoles for waste.
A jell-o like fluid surrounding cell structures. Contains nutrients and water for the cell.
The rigid, outer layer of the cell that provides protection and support, surrounding the cell membrane. Found in plants, fungi and some bacteria only.
The “powerhouse of the cell”. Transforms food into energy.
Captures sunlight and converts it into energy through the process of photosynthesis. Only found in plant cells.
The “janitors” of the cell. Digests old, worn out cell parts. Found only in animal cells.

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Large, central organelle that contains DNA.
Makes proteins for the cell. The proteins they make can be either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
2 different types - smooth and rough E.R. (E.R. = endoplasmic reticulum). Smooth E.R. = has no attached ribosomes and detoxifies substances. Rough E.R. = has attached ribosomes and this is where proteins are made and modified.
A structure located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a specific function.
A very small, simple cell that has no nucleus. Bacteria (a single celled organism) is an example. Does NOT contain any organelles. They were the first organisms on Earth.
An individual living thing
The basic unit / building blocks of life.
The genetic material located in the nucleus that is the basis for all life.
Sorts and ships molecules like FedEx. Modifies & moves proteins from the ribosomes on the Rough E.R.

18 Clues: An individual living thing • A stable internal environment • The basic unit / building blocks of life. • Large, central organelle that contains DNA. • The “powerhouse of the cell”. Transforms food into energy. • The genetic material located in the nucleus that is the basis for all life. • A structure located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a specific function. • ...

Cells Crossword 2022-11-17

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Organelle that contains the genetic material and controls the functions of the cell
The powerhouse of the cell
The specialized structures of the cell that perform specific functions
A special type of cell division in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce gametes
Term for an organism made of two or more cells
Organelle responsible for absorbing sunlight during photosynthesis
Process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate their genetic material and then divide into two identical copies

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Reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction
First cell of an organism created through the fertilization of two gametes
Plant and animal cells are _______. This means they have a nucleus.
Term for an organism made of just one cell
Type of cell found in bacteria and do NOT contain a nucleus
Bundles of DNA wrapped around protein. Humans have 46 of them.
The liquid that fills the inside of cell
Organelles responsible for making proteins
The tiny living structures that make up all organisms
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic ______.
_______ cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into many different types of cells.

18 Clues: The powerhouse of the cell • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic ______. • The liquid that fills the inside of cell • Term for an organism made of just one cell • Organelles responsible for making proteins • Reproductive cells used in sexual reproduction • Term for an organism made of two or more cells • The tiny living structures that make up all organisms • ...

Lung Cells 2022-11-07

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What type of tissue does a lung cell contain
what is surrounded by the lung cell?
What is the shape of the lung cell?
lung cancer develops when normal lung cells ___
The green on the lung cell indicates what?
lung cells are found in the____?
Endothelial cells originate from?
Are Endothelial cells thick or thin?

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is the lung cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Epithelial cells are found on your skin, blood vessels and _____
lung cells line in the ______ and make mucus
Endothelial cells form form the inner lining of what?
Another word for a lung cell?
how many types of cells are found in the lungs
Where the DNA is found in a lung cell?
Epithelial tissue is composed of ____ layers
complex machine consisting of semi ridgid airway tubes
The "power house" of lung cell/cells?

18 Clues: Another word for a lung cell? • lung cells are found in the____? • Endothelial cells originate from? • What is the shape of the lung cell? • what is surrounded by the lung cell? • Are Endothelial cells thick or thin? • The "power house" of lung cell/cells? • Where the DNA is found in a lung cell? • The green on the lung cell indicates what? • ...

Cells Review 2023-09-27

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A German scientist who proved that cells come from other cells.
the semipermeable coating of the cell that allows certain things to pass by.
an organelle in cells where photosynthesis occurs
the chemical found in cells that is the main component of chromosomes and carries genetic information.
A German botanist who studied plants under the microscope and concluded that all plants are made of cells.
the stiff outer coating of plant, fungi and bacteria cells.
the jelly like fluid that holds the cell's organelles
An English scientist who used the word "cell" for the first time after looking at cork under the microscope.
any living thing.

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Invention that made it possible for scientists to develop cell theory?
organisms that do have a membrane bound nucleus surrounded by organelles
A German scientist who studied animals under the microscope and concluded that all animals are made of cells.
the powerhouse of the cell that gives energy
organisms that do not have a nucleus surrounded by membrane bound organelles
the part of a plant cell that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis occurs.
A scientist known as the "Father of Microbiology" who observed bacteria for the first time and named them animalcules.
the control center or brain of the cell where DNA is found
A Dutch scientist who is associated with the invention of the compound microscope and telescope.
the smallest fundamental unit of life

19 Clues: any living thing. • the smallest fundamental unit of life • the powerhouse of the cell that gives energy • an organelle in cells where photosynthesis occurs • the jelly like fluid that holds the cell's organelles • the control center or brain of the cell where DNA is found • the stiff outer coating of plant, fungi and bacteria cells. • ...

The Cells 2019-12-10

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It carries out electrical impulses around the body.(9)
Tiny building blocks that make up tissues.
They are on the outside of the cell and they are like tiny hairs.(5)
another name for early magnifiers.(9)
is another name for early lenses.(10)
A green substance that is essential for photosynthesis.(11)
A thing layer surrounding a cell and its function is control the movement in and out of the cell.(12)
It carries the father's genetic information and fertilises the egg.(9)
The action of breathing.(11)
A type of lens that is attached to a microscope.(12)

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A procedure.(8)
They layer outside of the plants that helps hold there shape.(8)
They are found inside cells and and chemical reaction occur.(9)
he is sometimes called the 'English Father of Microscopy.'(11)
it is derived from the word lentil.(4)
is sometimes called the father of Microscopy.(18)
A component of a plant that carries out photosynthesis.(12)
They work together in muscle tissue and their function is to contract and relax to allow movement.(10)

18 Clues: A procedure.(8) • The action of breathing.(11) • another name for early magnifiers.(9) • is another name for early lenses.(10) • it is derived from the word lentil.(4) • Tiny building blocks that make up tissues. • is sometimes called the father of Microscopy.(18) • A type of lens that is attached to a microscope.(12) • ...

The cells 2019-12-12

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it is like the nucleus but in an organism
loads of tissue cells to do a function
loads of organs working together to perform one function
uses calcium to create bones
carries oxygen around the organism
it structures the cell
a bunch of organ systems preforming different functions
an animal that only eats plants#
a type of organelle that is used to control functions in the cell

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an animal that eats both plants and meat
part of the CNS and the PNS
an animal that only eats meat
made up of a group of cells
teeth that are only found in carnivores
produces blood cells
this is made up by the brain and your spinal cord
made by all the nerves that connect to the CNS
the basic building block for any organism

18 Clues: produces blood cells • it structures the cell • part of the CNS and the PNS • made up of a group of cells • uses calcium to create bones • an animal that only eats meat • an animal that only eats plants# • carries oxygen around the organism • loads of tissue cells to do a function • teeth that are only found in carnivores • an animal that eats both plants and meat • ...

Blood Cells 2023-04-12

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squeezing of leukocytes through blood vessel wall
genetic blood disorder where RBC take on a curved shape
hemoglobin with no oxygen
production of red blood cells
the iron based component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen
type of white blood cell that directly attack specific micro organisms
oxygen-carrying molecule found on erythrocyte
type of white blood cell; causes allergy response
Y shaped proteins

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plasma proteins synthesized by liver
deficiency of red blood cells
first responders to site of infection
type of white blood cell active during allergic response
cancer of white blood cells
white blood cell
mature red blood cell
hemoglobin carrying oxygen bright red in color
clear straw-colored liquid portion of the blood

18 Clues: white blood cell • Y shaped proteins • mature red blood cell • hemoglobin with no oxygen • cancer of white blood cells • deficiency of red blood cells • production of red blood cells • plasma proteins synthesized by liver • first responders to site of infection • oxygen-carrying molecule found on erythrocyte • hemoglobin carrying oxygen bright red in color • ...

Cells Crossword 2025-09-18

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What has a whip-like tail that moves the cell?
Function, What is another word for the organelle's job?
Structure, What is the word for how an organelle looks?
What stores food, water, and more?
What are organisms with one or more cell called?
Apparatus, What releases vesicles?
What is the "powerhouse" of the cell?
What organelle does not have a nucleus?

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What are organisms with one cell?
True or false? Only Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes
cell, Which cell have a square-like shape?
What is an organelle with a nucleus?
wall, What provides structure?
What does protein synthesis?
membrane, What maintains homeostasis?
What controls waste disposal?
What are small hair-like projections that move the cell?
Light Microscope, What microscope can see basic cells?
What are found in organisms that do photosynthesis?
ER, What Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes attached?

20 Clues: What does protein synthesis? • What controls waste disposal? • wall, What provides structure? • What are organisms with one cell? • What stores food, water, and more? • Apparatus, What releases vesicles? • What is an organelle with a nucleus? • membrane, What maintains homeostasis? • What is the "powerhouse" of the cell? • What organelle does not have a nucleus? • ...

The fundamental unit of life 2021-04-30

The fundamental unit of life crossword puzzle

Across

is the basic unit of living things
proposed all cells come from pre-existing cells
storage sac
gel like fluid found inside all cells
has no nucleus
converts sunlight to food in plant cells
amoeba obtains its food
more complex cell, has nucleus
Scientist who proposed animals are made of cells
group of tissues
is a special type of diffusion

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scientist who proposed plants are made of cells
transport system of cell, can be rough or smooth
trash can of the cell
powerhouse of the cell
protein factory of the cell
post office of cell
gatekeeper / barrier of the cell
group of cells performing same function
extra support and protection to plant cells
coined the term cell
group of organs working together
control centre of the cell

23 Clues: storage sac • has no nucleus • group of tissues • post office of cell • coined the term cell • trash can of the cell • powerhouse of the cell • amoeba obtains its food • control centre of the cell • protein factory of the cell • more complex cell, has nucleus • is a special type of diffusion • gatekeeper / barrier of the cell • group of organs working together • ...

Cells Crossword 2017-03-04

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large mass of similar cells that makes up part of an organism
it stores and transports products, and digests metabolic wastes
breks down food molecules
an activity intended for a thing
orginisams with compex cells
a type of cell division that divides the nucleus into 4 nuclei
the power house of the cell
a part that is inclosed into its own membrane,only found in eukaryotic cells
complex takes proteins which are created by ribosomes and makes them bigger and better
system group of organs that work together to complete a function

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the central part of most cells
cell structures that make protein
reticulm network of tubular membranes
a living thing that has the ability to act or function on its own.
procces in which nucleus divides and has 4 stages (P.M.A.T)
the basic unit of living this except viruses
simpilest living things(bacteria)
a group of tissues in a living thing that have a specific form and function

18 Clues: breks down food molecules • the power house of the cell • orginisams with compex cells • the central part of most cells • an activity intended for a thing • cell structures that make protein • simpilest living things(bacteria) • reticulm network of tubular membranes • the basic unit of living this except viruses • procces in which nucleus divides and has 4 stages (P.M.A.T) • ...

Cells Vocabulary 2022-10-05

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cancer causing agents; chemicals that cause cancer by mutating DNA
region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched
uncontrolled cell division
composed of one cell
undifferentiated cells that can become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells
a section of DNA with instructions for making a protein
what gets dissolved
composed of many cells that may organize into tissues
need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
uniform mixture of two or more substances

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one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information
ends of the DNA molecule
specialized structures within the cell that work together to help the cell function
amount of solute dissolved in solvent
a repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells
a process that creates special structures and functions
spreading of disease from one organ to others
two identical chromatids

18 Clues: what gets dissolved • composed of one cell • ends of the DNA molecule • two identical chromatids • uncontrolled cell division • amount of solute dissolved in solvent • uniform mixture of two or more substances • spreading of disease from one organ to others • region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched • composed of many cells that may organize into tissues • ...

plant cells 2023-06-01

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are the smallest membrane
is a rigid layer
stabilty, movement, and supports of the human body
is a network of bubbles
responsible for bring oxygen into the body
contains chlorophyll
is a large membrane
responsible for communicating messages for the brain and body

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is contained with in the nucleus
controls the absorption
controls the movement of blood
membrane is a barrier around
sorts important proteins
is the control centre of the cell
produce energy
contain the digestive enzymes
provides support for the internal structures
barrier around the cell

18 Clues: produce energy • is a rigid layer • is a large membrane • contains chlorophyll • controls the absorption • is a network of bubbles • barrier around the cell • sorts important proteins • are the smallest membrane • membrane is a barrier around • contain the digestive enzymes • controls the movement of blood • is contained with in the nucleus • is the control centre of the cell • ...

Plant Cells 2025-09-04

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where photosynthesis occurs in the cell
study of grapes and vines
breaks down waste inside the cell
transports materials and messages
makes proteins
control center of the cell

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were first people to use horticulture practices
makes ribosomes
helps with cell division
jelly like substance inside the cell
study of fruits, grains and nuts
controls what goes in and out of the cell
study of flowers
Powerhouse of the cell, makes energy
study of vegetables
stores water
protects the inside of the cell and provides support
packages and transports proteins

18 Clues: stores water • makes proteins • makes ribosomes • study of flowers • study of vegetables • helps with cell division • study of grapes and vines • control center of the cell • study of fruits, grains and nuts • packages and transports proteins • breaks down waste inside the cell • transports materials and messages • jelly like substance inside the cell • ...

Biology 2023-11-13

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The scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments.
The liquid component of blood, where blood cells are suspended.
Organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Systems: The skeletal system, providing support, protection, and assistance in movement.
Cells: Cells that have specific structures and functions suited to perform particular tasks in the body.
Organisms composed of multiple cells.
Tissue that contracts to produce movement in animals.
Membrane-bound sacs within cells that store substances such as water, nutrients, or waste products.
Wall: A rigid outer layer that provides structural support to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria.
A structure made up of different tissues working together to perform specific functions in the body.
The central organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Down

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins.
Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
The gel-like substance within cells that surrounds the organelles.
Relating to the process of breaking down food into absorbable nutrients.
System: The system of the heart and blood vessels responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
Tissue: A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Pertaining to the circulation of fluids, often referring to the circulatory system.
The basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, e.g., mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts.
A simple sugar that serves as a primary source of energy in living organisms, particularly through cellular respiration.
Membrane: Also known as the plasma membrane, it surrounds the cell, regulates what enters and exits the cell, and provides structural support.
Cells: Eukaryotic cells found in plants, characterized by a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole.
Tissue that transmits electrical impulses in animals.
Cells: Eukaryotic cells found in animals, lacking a cell wall and often having a round or irregular shape.

25 Clues: Organisms composed of multiple cells. • Cellular structures that synthesize proteins. • Tissue that contracts to produce movement in animals. • Tissue that transmits electrical impulses in animals. • The basic structural and functional units of living organisms. • The liquid component of blood, where blood cells are suspended. • ...

Cells and Organelles Crossword Puzzle 2023-09-29

Cells and Organelles Crossword Puzzle crossword puzzle

Across

Organisms are made of only one cell
The state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems
ER Has ribosomes on its surface
Stated that all animals are made of cells
+ Flagella Function in moving cells, in moving fluids, or in moving small particles across the cell surface
Found in only producers and use energy from sunlight to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis
Inside the nucleus
Breakdown food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
Body Modify, sort, and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of the cell
Has a smooth and rough __
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Found in the cytoplasm
Specialize Form fits function
Cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Helps maintain cell shape
envelope Contains nuclear pores for material to enter and leave the nucleus

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Help pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell and are only found in animal cells
Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Powerhouse of the cell
Tails are made up of fatty acids and are hydrophobic
Jally-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane
Schwann, + Virchow Created the Cell Theory
Contains DNA in the corm of chromatin
Membrane Surrounds the outside of ALL cells
Observed dead cells in cork, and coined the ter the cell
Developed the microscope through which cells could be seen
Made of special proteins and rRNA and are the protein factories for cells
Stated that all plants are made of cells
Organisms are made of many cells
Wall Supports and protects the cell
ER Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
Fluid filled sacks for storage

32 Clues: Inside the nucleus • Powerhouse of the cell • Found in the cytoplasm • Has a smooth and rough __ • Helps maintain cell shape • Fluid filled sacks for storage • Specialize Form fits function • Organisms are made of many cells • Organisms are made of only one cell • ER Has ribosomes on its surface • Contains DNA in the corm of chromatin • ...

IMM Crossword Puzzle 2022-09-26

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Family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
Crystallized fragment of antibody: the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other
Cell adhesion molecule
the end stage of disease in HIV infection
Acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct T-helper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
A cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
Designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
Cell surface receptors that bind to the Fc portion of IgG molecules. Expressed on phagocytes, B cells, and NK cells, among others
Human immunodeficiency virus
Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen

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Nuclear factor of activated T cells: a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the Fas ligand
Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
A mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Cytokine produced by effector CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells; primary actions are to act with IL-12 to induce TH1 differentiation, and to fully activate macrophages; enhances expression of MHC and components involved in Ag processing; is a switch factor for certain Ig isotypes and inhibits TH2 response
Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Membrane attack complex: end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
A cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
A molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
Adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
A transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
Intracellular adhesion molecules: cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together

37 Clues: Cell adhesion molecule • Human immunodeficiency virus • Immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells • the end stage of disease in HIV infection • Name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans • an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface • protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong • ...

Year 8 Science: Cells & Microscopes 2016-08-08

Year 8 Science: Cells & Microscopes crossword puzzle

Across

The organelle in plant cells that perform photosynthesis
The process of plants transforming sunlight into energy
A microscope that uses 2 lenses, an objective lens and an eyepiece lens
The process of cells committing suicide
Blood cells that deliver oxygen to the body
What all living things are made up of
The 3 theories about how cells work
The dark, round orb that controls everything in a cell
The thin skin of cells which is the outermost layer of animal cells and underneath the cell wall in plant cells
The type of cells plants are made of
The unit of measurement that is equivalent to 1 millionth of a metre

Down

A microscope that uses light and magnifying lenses to see tiny objects
A thin sheet of material that forms a partition
The man who invented the microscope
A step in development
The part of a microscope or telescope that you look into
The part of the cell that makes protein
The lens in a microscope that is closest to the object being viewed
It is the male reproductive cell
The unit of measurement that is equal to 1 billionth of a metre
The process of cells multiplying
Existing before
The cells that are neurons
A curved piece of glass (or any transparent material) used for concentrating or dispersing light
The liquid in cells
A bubble or water balloon in a cell
The layer of matter around the cell membrane on plant cells
The biological process of cells absorbing things outside their membranes
The man who discovered cells

29 Clues: Existing before • The liquid in cells • A step in development • The cells that are neurons • The man who discovered cells • It is the male reproductive cell • The process of cells multiplying • The man who invented the microscope • A bubble or water balloon in a cell • The 3 theories about how cells work • The type of cells plants are made of • ...

BHS 316 ch8+9 crossword (RL) 2021-08-04

BHS 316 ch8+9 crossword (RL) crossword puzzle

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(2 word) The process of tolerance of self is also known as ______ ______, where T cells must NOT recognize the MHC-self peptide complexes presented on cells in the thymic medulla. This process eliminates self-reactive T cells.
(hyphenated) When bound to its ligand PD-1L, this protein inhibits the proliferation of previously activated T cells.
(1 word) The inner part of the thymus.
(2 words) _______ _______ epithelial cells are one of two cells involved in testing for tolerance of self. These cells use autophagy to present self antigens on MHC II molecules.
(hyphenated) A protein expressed on T cells that suppresses T cell activation because it has such a high affinity for the B7 protein on professional APCs. This makes B7 less likely to bind CD28 on T cells (which leads to T cell activation).
(2 word) The process of MHC restriction is also known as ______ ______, where T cells must have receptors that recognize one of the MHC-self peptide complexes on a cortical thymic epithelial cell to pass the “test.” This process eliminates T cells that recognize unpresented antigen.
(2 words) The process by which B cell receptors are tested to see if they recognize self antigens in the bone marrow.
(1 word) This abnormal method of self antigen presentation occurs when a cell digests its own innards and presents those self-peptides on class II MHC molecules.
(1 word) AICD works because a T cell becomes increasingly sensitive to ____ ligation the more times it is re-activated. This allows for most T cells to die after they’ve responded to a pathogen so we don’t have trillions of obsolete T cells in our bodies.
(1 word) Together, CTLA-4 and PD-1 function as ________ proteins, which help “decommission” T cells as the battle winds down.
(2 words) T cells that express both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors as they are being “educated” on tolerance of self are said to be _______-________ cells.

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(3 words) In this process, in case some naive T cells stray outside their prescribed traffic pattern and venture into the tissues, the peripheral tissues (ex. heart, kidney cells) will not express the co-stimulatory molecules necessary to activate the T cell.
(3 words) The process by which natural killer cells destroy our cells not displaying class I MHC molecules.
(2 words) B cells are tolerized in the ______ _______.
(2 words) _______ ______ cells are one of two cells implicated in testing for tolerance of self. Some of these cells can travel to the thymus from other parts of the body where they capture self antigens for presentation.
(4 words) The longevity of T cells can be a potential problem, and the solution to this is _______-________ _______ _______, which eliminates obsolete T cells after they’ve been re-stimulated many times.
(1 word) A type of regulatory T cell that helps to attenuate the immune response by protecting against self-reactive T cells.
(1 word) One of the ways to cease unneeded immune response is to ensure that many immune cells are ______-lived. ex. Neutrophils are programmed to die after a few days; plasma B cells die after about 5 days, etc.
(2 words) T cells that express only one of the co-receptor molecules (CD4 or CD8) are said to be ______-_______.
(3 words) The process of how T cells are first “educated” on tolerance of self, and it occurs in the thymus.
(1 word) The outer part of the thymus.
(1 word) Tolerance by ________ is the process by which TCRs with a low affinity, or self antigens that are rare, are so unlikely to ever encounter their respective self antigens or TCRs that the TCRs remain functionally “ignorant” of their presence.
(1 word) A type of regulatory T cell that helps to attenuate the immune response by preventing overreaction to foreign invaders, such as allergens.
(1 word) This occurs when a naive T cell can recognize its cognate antigen but does not receive the required co-stimulation from neighboring tissues. The T cell is said to be “neutered.”

24 Clues: (1 word) The inner part of the thymus. • (1 word) The outer part of the thymus. • (2 words) B cells are tolerized in the ______ _______. • (3 words) The process by which natural killer cells destroy our cells not displaying class I MHC molecules. • (3 words) The process of how T cells are first “educated” on tolerance of self, and it occurs in the thymus. • ...

Unit 5 Vocabulary 2025-03-14

Across

cells that have a true nucleus
two or more atoms bonded together
cells with no true nucleus
organisms made of more than one cell
if it is not a science law then it is a ________
all cells come from _______ cells
outside layer of the cell is called a plasma __
an organelle that stores food, water and waste
formed when multiple cells joining together
when two or more tissues combine to do a job
made when multiple organ systems work together
building blocks of all matter

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when multiple organs combine to perform a job
organelles that perform photosynthesis in plants
the control center of the cell
when cells maintain normal conditions
basic unit of life
small parts of a eukaryotic cell
a fluid that fills the cell
organisms made of one cell
the organelle that creates energy in a cell
only found in plant cells inside the membrane
all cells perform basic life _____________

23 Clues: basic unit of life • cells with no true nucleus • organisms made of one cell • a fluid that fills the cell • building blocks of all matter • cells that have a true nucleus • the control center of the cell • small parts of a eukaryotic cell • two or more atoms bonded together • all cells come from _______ cells • organisms made of more than one cell • ...

MCDB 3150 - Cancer Crossword 2023-12-03

MCDB 3150 - Cancer Crossword crossword puzzle

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Guardian of the Genome
Abnormal increase in the number of normal looking cells in a tissue
uncontrolled cancer cells that grow as a mass
The “wheel of death”
Protected from the DNA damage response due to their T-loop structure
When cancer cells invade and spread to surrounding tissue
Key regulator of angiogenesis, its initials stand for a factor that promotes the formation of blood vessels.
Arises from cells derived from mesenchyme
A complete loss of differentiation in a tissue
Cancer of the blood
Cancer cells causing the immune cells to not function properly
Cytochrome C is released from the ______
Genes that, when hyperactive, promote cancer development
Cancers of cells originating and residing in the lymphatic system

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Chemical DNA damage that cleaves N‐glycosidic bonds
Class of enzymes involved in DNA supercoiling
A group of proteases capable of eating a cell from within; activated by cytochrome C
The formation of new blood vessels, crucial for tissue growth and repair
Associates with foreign bodies to degrade in the lysosome
the surname of the scientist who discovered the first human oncogene (Ras)
Universal factor driving cells into Metaphase
Cells or tissues with normal oxygen levels
A feature of cancer cells that describes how they divide independently of other cells
programmed cell death
Regulate CDKs
The study and diagnosis of a disease
A tumor with cells that have the potential to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body
Activated mostly by double-stranded breaks
Antibody-producing cells
Cells or tissues with low oxygen levels

30 Clues: Regulate CDKs • Cancer of the blood • The “wheel of death” • programmed cell death • Guardian of the Genome • Antibody-producing cells • The study and diagnosis of a disease • Cells or tissues with low oxygen levels • Cytochrome C is released from the ______ • Arises from cells derived from mesenchyme • Cells or tissues with normal oxygen levels • ...

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